一 : 英语教案－Unit 3 Toys

Unit  3    Toys
一．Teaching contents and demand.
Item	Contents	Demand
Topics	Toys	Listen   Say
Key sentence	Let’s start again.  Take your ball.   Ouch! Throw it to your friend.  You hear a plane. Look up.  The ball comes back. What is seven and three?   Ten What’s five minus five?   Zero.	Listen   Say Understand
New words	seven  eight  nine  ten  ball  doll  train  car    bike   plane   boat	Listen   Say      Use
二．Key points and difficult.
1.      Words and letters: The pupils can speak out the words of unit 3 is the key point in this unit, and the difficult is pupils can use them. Let the pupils can count the toys, help them review the numbers.
2.      Key sentences: Let the pupils learn to say the key sentence “Let’s start again.” in the games, and practice it more and more when they playing. But let the pupils learn to say “What’s ** and ** ? ” or “What’s ** minus **? ” is very difficult, give them more time to practice.
三．Teaching periods.
Period	Contents
1	Part  1, 2
2	Part  3, 9
3	Part  4, 5
4	Part  6, 7
5	Part  7, 8

 

 

Period  1 ( Part 1. 2 )		1  ( 14 )
		Date:
Teaching aims: 1.Let the sudents guadually undrstand and imitate he instructions they hear on the tape. 2.Let the students to number the picures from 1 to 6 , auording to what they hear.
Teaching prepare:   Recorder  Pictures  Cards
Teaching process:
Step 1 :                 Step 2 :                       Step 3:	Warming-up 1.Sing a song:" The number song " 2.Count .   one frog , two frogs , three frogs …………   one book , two books  three books …………   one pen , two pens , three pens …………   one pencil , two pencils ……………………   elicit:one plane , two planes ……………………       one ball , two balls …………………… Listen and mime 1.Listen to the instructions on the tape. 2.At the same time , the teacher performs the actions . the students watch the teacher and imitae the actions.                              3.Repeat several times . 4.Listen to the tape . let the students to perform the actions . 5.Let the students to understand the Action story. 6.The teacher gives the instructions in the same order . let the students do it. 7.The teacher gives the instructions in jumbled order . let the students to perform the mime actions one at a time. 8.Match in groups Lisen again . Number the pictures 1.The students open their books and understand every pictures 2.Listen to the tape and number the pictures from 1 to 6 to the order given. 3.      Check.
Blackboard design: Unit   3   Toys   2   3   4       ball
Teacher’s note:

 

Period  2   ( Part3. 9 )		1  ( 15 )
		Date:
Teaching aims: 1.Let the students to learn to use : (1)Numbers 7--10  (2)Lets start again. 2.Let the students to learn to sing a song : Ten little fingers .
Teaching prepare:   Recorder  Pictures  Cards
Teaching process:
Step 1 :               Step 2:           Step 3 :	Warming-up. 1.Sing a song : The number song . 2.Count   one frog , two frogs , three frogs ………… ………… six frogs   one plane , two planes , three planes ………… …………   one ball , two ball , ………… …………   Teach Numbers : 1.Teach seven , eight , nine , ten 2.Count :one ball , two balls , three balls , four balls , five balls , six balls ,seven balls . 4.      Count :eight planes , nine cars , ten frog.   Play Play hopscotch . 1.Guess numbers   The cards face to the students . then turn around . Let the students to guess numbers . 2.Chain pass   a.Open the books . Let the students to look at the teacher .   b.Play the tape . As the sametime. the teacher pointing to the corresponding picture each time   c.Ask the students to point to the right pictu books.   d.One by one pass the ball and say : one . two . three . four . five . six . seven . eight . nine .  ten . Lets start again . 3.Hopscotch  Match in groups

二 : 大学英语综合教程3答案

Appendix I
Key to Exercises (Units 1-8)
Unit 1
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are about to hear is all about taking a break from city life, escaping from the crowds,
rinding a quiet place, far from trie human race.
For those of us who live in cities, getting out in the country can provide a welcome break, letting us recharge our batteries. Out in the country, as the song says, we can find a place to
stand alone and take tack somethin' worth remembering.
The countryside also promises escape from the pollution of the city, somewhere to get some decent air to breathe. The countryside also offers somewhere where the sun is not hidden by smog, making it seem no more than
a bright spot in the nighttime.
So, just remember, as the song advises, whenever you
need a bit or room to move When life b ecomes too fast

66 -Appendix I^

you can always find relief at last
Out in the country.
Here is the song:
Out in the Country
Paul Williams/Roger Nichols
Whenever I need to leave it all heh ind Or feel the need to get away I find a quiet place, far from the human race Out in the country
Before the hreathin' air is gone
Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime
Out where the rivers like to run
I stand alone and take hack somethin' worth rememherin'

Whenever I feel them closing in on me
Or need a hit of room to move
When life hecomes too fast, I find relief at last
Out in the country
Before the hreathin' air is gone
Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime
Out where the rivers like to run
I stand alone and take hack somethin' worth rememherin'
Before the hreathin' air is gone
Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime
Out where the rivers like to run
I stand alone and take hack somethin' worth rememherin'
Before the hreathin' air is gone
Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime
Out where the rivers lite to run
\

Appendix I- 69 -
I stand alone and take tack somethin' worth rememberin'
Berore the breathin' air is gone
Before tbe sun is just a brigbt spot in tbe nighttime.
■■

I stand alone...

.



Part II Text A
Text Organization
1.




PartsParagraphs.., ?
Main Ideas
Part OneParas 1-3The writer views his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one.
Part TwoParas 4-7Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard.
Part ThreeParas 8-11After quitting his job, the writer's income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by.
Part Four Paras 12-15
■A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country.

2. Happy Moments and Events
1)growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables
2)canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc.
3)keeping warm inside the house in winter
4)writing freelance articles
5)earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life Hardships

1)working hard both in winter and in summer
2)harsh environment and weather condition
3)anxious moments after the writer quit his job
4)cutting back on daily expenses
5)solitude



-90-

Appendix I

Vocabulary

insurance aside from resist
supplemented wicked
budget boundary
at that point
cut back / down get by
face up to turning out
1. 1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
2.1) 3) 5) 7)

3.1) 2) 3)

4)
5)
4. 1)

2)

3)

2) On balance
4) cut back
6) haul
8) sprayed
10) illustrated
12) digest
14) get by

2) pickup
4) get through
6) turn in
8) think up

While farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. Misused words often generate misleading thoughts.
Lafayette Hotel is patronized by international celebrities drawn to its French food and service.
A person who thinks that money will do everything may well be suspected of doing every-thing for money.
A person surely has to face a good many bitter disappointments before he gets through life. Seeing that more and more people are concerned about the quality of their indoor environ?ments, John is considering starting an interior decoration business. It seems certain to earn a profit, but he does not yet have enough money to invest in it.
This device is primarily used for the improvement of the sound quality of electronic media. It was invented in the US, but now it is used on a global scale.
When the first settlers came to America, their household utensils consisted of a few pots, pans and some bowls stacked in one corner of the house. There wasn't much material temptation around them. They never dined out in a restaurant as we often do nowadays.



II. Confusable Words
1. 1) house
3) home, family

2) Home
4) household

1) doubt
3) doubted 5) suspect

2) suspected 4) suspected



III. Word Formation
1) rise
3) regular
5) hows, whys
7) yellowed
9) lower

2)final
4)cash
6)upped
8)bottled
10)search

Slructurc
1.1) when it comes to changing your life
2)when it comes to such matters as keeping the room tidy
3)when it comes to emotional intelligence
4)when it comes to managing minor matters
2. 1) Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong
2)but, unfortunately, money isn't everything
3)not all Americans like them
4)Not all people share the same interests

Comprehensive txercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. gets by
3. get through
5. improvements
7. suspect
9. profit
11. spraying
(B)
1. While
3. begin

2.temptation
4.picked up
6.aside from
8.supplement
10.primarily
12.stacking
2.escape
4.Because/As

- 92 -Appendix I
5.quit6.start
7.on8.but (also)
9.be10.close
11.have12.cutting
www.61k.com .cities
15.however16.family
II. Translation
A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened / set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of/owing to/due to their desire to improve the quality of their lives.
But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money.
Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.

Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
l.a2. c
3.d4. b
5. a6. c
translation
(#JE Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. In addition2. roast

Appendix I- 93 -


3.percentage
5.cable
7.get along
9.whip up
www.61k.com
13.taken over
15.mushroomed
17.fried
19.array

4. entertainment
6. at one time
8. missed out on
3k 10. as a result
12. rent
14. make sense
16. go with
18. dizzy
20. gasped

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life
Great changes have taken place in Chinese family life in the past twenty years. In my parents' words, the difference between their childhood and mine is as vast as that between heaven and earth.
When my parents were young, there was no TV, no computers nor any other electronic appli?ances in their home. Their food was simple and their clothing plain. What is unbelievable to young people today is that they seldom dined out in a restaurant, or traveled to a scenic spot for a holiday.
In contrast to family life one generation ago, each family in China today has at least one TV set and many have been equipped with telephones, computers, even cars. While the senior members of a family watch films on TV at home, the younger members like to play computer games or talk to their friends who may live thousands of miles from them.
The changes in Chinese family life mirror the economic development of our country. Without the prosperity of the whole country, our family life would probably be just the same as before. Times have changed, and changed, most would surely agree with me, for the better.
(194 words)


- 9^ -Appendix I
Unit 2
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are going to listen to is called Abraham, Martin & John, sung by Dion.
Abraham, Martin & John
Dion
Has anybody here,
Seen my old friend Abraham,
Can you tell me, where he's gone,
He freed a lotta people,
But it seems the good die young,
I just loohed around,
And he's gone,
Has anybody here,
Seen my old friend John,
Can you tell me, where he's gone,
He freed a lotta people,
But it seems the good die young,
I just loohed around,
And he' s gone,
Has anybody here,
Seen my old friend Martin,

Appendix I- 95 -
Can you tell me, where he's gone,
He freed a lotta people,
But it seems the good die young,
I just looked around,
And he's gone,
Didn't you love the things they stood for,
Didn't they try to find some good for you and me,
And we'll he free,
Someday soon it's gonna be one day,
Has anybody here,
Seen my old friend Bothy,
Can you tell me, where he's gone,
I thought I saw him walhin' up over the hill, With Ahrah am, Martin and John.
The unit we are going to study is all about civil-rights heroes. The song you have just heard is about four of them. Can you guess who they are? All are American. All are dead, all, as the song says, "gone". How about Abraham? Dion says he freed a lot of people. That's one clue. Another comes when she quotes the proverb: "the good die young." So it seems Abraham died young. My guess is Dion has in mind Abraham Lincoln, the American president who freed the slaves and was assassi?nated. How about John, another leader who helped people to free themselves? He too died young. Can you guess who it might be? President John F. Kennedy seems most likely. He too supported civil rights. He too died young, assassinated like Lincoln.
Now who could Martin be? Another civil-rights leader who died young, once again assassi?nated. A great speaker comes to mind. Who do you think? Martin Luther King, surely. And finally, Bobby. Bobby who? Probably Dion is thinking of Bobby Kennedy, John Kennedy's brother, another supporter of civil rights. He was running for president when, like his brother before him, he too was gunned down.

- 96 -Appendix I
Part II Text A
Text Organization
1.

PartsParagraphsMain Ideas
Part OneParas 1-5It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America.
Part TwoParas 6-23By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Un?derground Railroad to freedom.
2. Story 1 (Paras 6-10): After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other
slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom.
Story 2 (Paras 11-15): Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk to himself.
Story 3 (Paras 16-23): By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his desti?nation and became free at last.
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) decades2) historic
3) imposed4) racial
5) slender6) closing in on
7) settlement8) site
9) mission10) authorized
11) terminal12) make the best of
13) exploits14) religious
15) on the side
2. 1) pass for2) stood up for
3) laid down4) take on

Appendix I- 97 -
5) let (us) down6) draw on
7) come up8) given up
3.1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their mea-
sures to protect the struggling American steel industry.
2)Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.
3)There's not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs.
4)A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.
5)It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run.
4.1) As for the protection of these endangered species, many countries do not compel fisher-
men to report accidental capture of small cetaceans (H § %}$}) in their nets, so signifi?cant catches may go unnoticed for years. To deal with this problem, animal protectionists have forged an international alliance. On the other hand they have urged the United Nations to lay down more specific laws to save these animals.
2)It was reported that food supplies would soon run out and most of the victims of the earthquake would starve to death. At huge risk, a group of volunteers from the Red Cross took on the mission to transport food, clothes and medicine to the most seriously hit areas.
3)A rally was going to be held in honor of the 16th US President Abraham Lincoln who abolished slavery in 1863 and liberated the slaves in the South. In the eyes of many African-Americans, Lincoln was America's greatest president thanks to his outstanding exploits.
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1.I'll tell you about my research project in a minute, but first let's hear about your French trip.
2.Most McDonald's look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 differ?ent basic designs.
3.Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.
4.This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; it's always breaking down.
5.In your resume you've mentioned everything but one vital point.
6.Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.
7.I am sorry, but I think you shouldn't have delayed your homework.
8.The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.

- 9$ -Appendix I
III. Usage
1. lonely2.friendly
3. weekly, monthly4.lovely
5. cowardly6.kindly / saintly
7. www.61k.com
Structure
1.1) A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.
2)Thus encouraged, we made a still bolder plan for the next year.
3)Our government has banned imports of cosmetics containing animal products from 18 coun?tries, mostly in Europe, for fear that they could cause mad cow disease.
4)Having graduated from St. Mary's College, Joyce applied to the University of California at Los Angeles.
2.1) Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life.
2)Some scientists believe that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and farmers' incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and disease in the developing countries.
3)With repeated hackers' attacks on our system, we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert.
4)Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to under?stand that the Chinese preferred "teaching by holding the hand".
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. Underground2. forged
3. stand up4. transport
5. compelled6. convictions
7. liberating8. mission
9. abolish10. intent on
11. risk
(B)
1. who2. the

Appendix I- 99 -
3.along4. in
5.that6. through
7.not8. as
9.referred10. escape
11.where12. If
13.in14. even
15.until16. instead
17.as
II. Translation
Henson's painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom. Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
1. a2. d
3. c4. d
5. b6. b
Translation
(#J& Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. remarkable2. commitment
3. flourish4. resulted from

- 100 -Appendix I

5. grave6. In the midst of
7. enforce8. recovery
9. guarantee10. remedy
11. discriminate12. with each passing day
13. unlike14. subjected to
15. at best16. plays up
17. come a long way18. do well
19. against all the odds20. In this context
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
The Civil-Rights Movement in the U.S.
Black Africans were first brought as slaves to what was to become the United States in the seventeenth century. Slavery was strongest in the South, where large plantations grew cotton, to?bacco, and other crops. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, a growing demand for cotton led to an increase in the demand for slaves in the region. Slavery was less profitable in the North, however, and much of the opposition to slavery came from the northern states. The tension between the North and the South over the issue of slavery led to the Civil War in 1861.
With the victory of the North, slavery was abolished. Discrimination, however, did not end. Black Americans were treated as second class citizens, especially in the South. Dissatisfaction with unfair treatment eventually led to the civil rights protests of the 1950s and 1960s that brought about government action aimed at reducing discrimination.
As a result, African Americans have come a long way in the last fifty years, but they still find themselves at a disadvantage in comparison with Americans of European descent. Only 17 per cent of the black population are able to finish higher education, in contrast to 28 per cent of whites. Incomes for the average white family were just over $44,000 in 1999. For an average black family, however, the figure was in the region of $25,000. Not one of the chief executive officers of the top 500 companies is black.
Anyway, the civil-rights movement in the U.S. still has a long way to go.
(254 words)

Appendix I- 101 -
Unit 3
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are about to hear is all about a "Saturday Night Special". Listen and see if you can guess what a Saturday Night Special is.
Saturday Night Special
Lynyrd Skynyrd
Two feets1 they come a-creepin' 2 Like a black cat do. Ana two bodies are layin' naked, Creeper thinks lie's got nothin' to lose.
So he creeps into the house, yean, And unlocks the door, And as a man's reachin' for his trousers Snoots him full or 38 holes.
It's the Saturday Night Special, Got a barrel that's blue and cold. Ain't no good for nothing4 But put a man six feet in a hole.
Big Jim's keen a-drinkin' whiskey, And playin' poker on a losin' night,
1Two feets: Normally we say two feet.
2a-creepin: in the state of creeping, "a-", here, is a prefix meaning "in the state or process of.
338 refers to a 38 calibre (P S) handgun or pistol.
4Ain't no good for nothing: a non-standard way of saying "They are good for nothing"

- 102 -Appendix I
And pretty soon ol' Jim starts thinkin' Somebody's been cheatin' and lyin' .
So big Jim commenced to fightin'1,
I wouldn't tell you no lies.
big Jim done pulled his pistol,
Snot his friend right between the eyes.
It's the Saturday Night Special, Got a barrel that's blue and cold. Ain't no good for nothin' But put a man six feet in a hole.
On, that's a Saturday Night Special,
For twenty dollars you can buy yourself one, too.
Hand guns are made for till in , They ain't no good for nothin' else. And if you like to drink your whiskey You might even shoot yourself.
So why don't we dump'em people To the bottom of the sea Before some ol' fool come around here, Wanna shoot either you or me.
It's the Saturday night special
You got a barrel that's blue and cold
You ain't good for nothin'
But put a man six feet in a bole.
It's the Saturday night special
And I'd like to tell you what you could do with it
And that's the end of the song.
The unit we are going to study, like the song you have just heard, is all about the threat of crime. It starts with a burglar creeping into a house at night. The couple in the house have gone to bed as the song says. Despite creeping the burglar must have awoken the man, for he is getting up, "reachin' for his trousers", when the burglar shoots him several times, "full of holes".
1 So big Jim commenced to fightin': Normally we say "Big Jim commenced to fight or commenced fighting".

Appendix I- 103-
Which brings us to the "Saturday Night Special", with its "barrel blue and cold", a handgun. Despite calling it by such a familiar name, it's clear the singer has no time for the handgun. He sings of it as being good for nothing but sending people to their grave, putting a man down "six feet in a hole".
From the dangers of burglars with guns, the singer moves on to how dangerous guns can be when drinking leads to violence. We hear the story of Big Jim, the gambler. As he gets drunk, Big Jim starts to suspect he is losing at cards because others are cheating. He gets into an argument and reaches for his Saturday Night Special. He shoots his friend "right between the eyes".
Pistols in America are cheap at just twenty dollars, but the singer warns against having one. Those foolish enough to do so are not only a danger to others, but also a danger to themselves, for, as he sings, "if you like to drink your whiskey, you may even shoot yourself."
Part II Text A
Text Organization
1. 1) Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas.
2)Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use.
3)Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.
4)Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes.
5)Access cards are required of those who work with medium to large-size companies.
6)Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism.
7)Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to help determine whether the caller is telling lies or not.
8)Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.
2.

PartsParagraphsMain Ideas
Part OneParas 1-3In America, the era of leaving the front door on the latch has drawn to a close.
Part TwoParas 4-15A new atmosphere of fear and distrust has crept into every aspect of daily life. As a result, security de-


- 104 -Appendix I
vices, in varied forms, are put to use.

Part ThreeParas 16-19

By locking our fears out, we become prisoners of our own making.

Vocabulary


I. 1.1) tranquil
3) by a small margin
5) rural
7) era
9) without so much as
11) barricaded
13) error
15) Bathed in
2. 1) bring about
3) cut off
5) wear (the other) down
7) put up
2) analyze
4)civilize
6)closed up
8)paste
10)sideways
12)hook up to
14)chart
2) looked back on
4) fit into
6) lies in
8) stand for
3.1) A certain gene which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by
researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.
2)A wardrobe with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger.
3)The NBC show's opening shots feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986—killing all seven crew.
4)Colds can be held at bay by increasing your intake of fruit and vegetables which are both low in calories and rich in Vitamin C.
5)Energy difficulties are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange / because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.
4.1) Jacob looked back on his summer holidays spent on the Big Island of Hawaii with its

beautiful landscape and tranquil atmosphere as a rare escape from the madness of urban life.
2) I was puzzled by the word "e-mail" when I came across it for the first time years ago. "What is an e-mail? What on earth does the letter 'e' here stand for?" I asked myself. Later, I got to know that e-mail is a system for communicating messages by electronic rather than physical means.

Appendix I- 105 -
3) Mr. Smith has, over the years, established his name as a successful used-car dealer in the minds of local people. He places regular though small advertisements in newspapers fea?turing affordable second-hand cars, vans and trucks. At the back of his premises he owns a used-car lot (停车场) which faces a deserted street.
www.61k.com
1. away2.inside/in
3. forward/through4.back
5. off6.home
7. back, down8.in, out
III.Usage
1.Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.
2.Most men do not look unattractive in them.
3.Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.
4.This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.
5.His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.
Structure
1.1) It never occurred to me to ask him what was intended by that remark. I thought he was just joking.
2)It occurred to me that the names of their children—Rose, Lily and Daisy—were the names of flowers.
3)When he heard her say so, it occurred to him that for convenience he also could contact the local travel agency and ask them to take care of everything.
4)Has it never occurred to you that the problems in the Middle East are complicated and difficult to solve?
2.1) If they don't agree to work extra hours for no extra pay, chances are that they will be dismissed.
2)Research is being carried out on the disease and progress is being made at present. Chances are that there will be a cure within the next ten years.
3)If you are eating lots of fatty food, chances are that you'll put on several pounds in a matter of weeks.
4)He left his office an hour ago but hasn't got home yet. Chances are that he's got stuck in a traffic jam.

- 106 -Appendix I

Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. Statistics
3. era
5. on the latch
7. barriers
9. electronic
11. puzzle
(B)
1. worse / scarier
3. Yes / True
5. from
7. every
9. say
11. chances
13. when
15. Don't

2. rural
4. stood for
6. vulnerable
8. at bay
10. reflection
12. civilized
2. tougher / harder
4. barricading
6. not
8. However
10. back / at bay
12. Therefore
14. leave
16. head/brains

II. Translation
A burglary is reported every 15 seconds in the United States. Statistics show burglars en?tered more than 2 million homes last year. Actually it is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols or those wandering around. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Believe it or not, some people, particularly children who happen to be the last to come in, leave their doors on the latch at night. Doors of hollow core, even when locked, are vulnerable to break-ins. Thus doors of solid core or steel are much preferred as they make it difficult for the burglar to pry open. If you decide to buy an alarm device, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. Finally, a word of warning—when you travel, make sure that you have a trusted neighbor collect and keep all the deliveries of newspapers and mail until you return. This is because a collection of newspapers and mail on the front doorstep or in your mailbox is an advertisement that no one is home.

Appendix I- 107 -
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check

1. b
3. b 5. a

2. b 4. d 6. d



translation
(#JE Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. impact
3. draw the line at
5. circumstance
7. take the plunge
9. aggressive
11. advocated
13. departed
15. target
17. head for
19. on the line

2. inflicted
4. recommend
6. break into
8. conclude / have concluded 10. confirm
12. insure
14. in our favor
16. count on
18. Under no circumstances 20. aimed at

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Why We Are against Gun Control
Should Americans oppose gun control? Of course we should. The gun is the great equalizer. It does not matter whether you are a big tough man or a small frail woman. With a gun in your hand you stand at the same height.
What's more, it is the foundation of our nation. Without it there would be no Republic as it is,

- 108 -Appendix I
for we would never have been able to drive the Indians off the land without shooting so many of them down. Nor would the West have been won. Who would have dared venture into lands unpro?tected by the law if they had not been able to protect themselves with a gun? The spirit of our nation thrives on aggressive individuals who are ready to stand up for themselves and to fight for their rights. Look at our films. What do we enjoy watching? People shooting one another. True, children occasionally get hold of guns and slaughter their classmates. But if only their classmates had been properly armed, they could have fought back. It was gun control that left them defenceless.
(184 words)
Unit 4
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
Every child likes listening to stories. Zoe, a girl with wings, is no exception. Listen carefully and see what story her father is going to tell her.
"Now, Zoe, stop fluttering around, and I will tell you a story."
"A true story, papa?"
"It all happened exactly as I'm going to tell you. Two thousand and eleven years ago in 1985, a tribe of beings from the Dog Star invaded Earth. They were called An-vils."
"And what did these beings look like, father?"
"Like humans in many, many respects. They each had two arms, two legs, and all the other organs that humans are endowed with. But they also had a pair of wings and long, purple tails."
"How many of these beings were there?"
"Exactly three million and forty-one male adults and three female adults. In five weeks' time these creatures were the masters of the entire globe."
"Didn't the Earthlings fight back?"
"The humans warred against the invaders, using bullets, ordinary bombs, super-atom bombs and gases."

Appendix I- 109 -
"What were those things like, father?"
"Oh, they passed out of existence long ago. The humans fought each other with such things."
"And not with ideas, like we do now?"
"No, with guns, just as I told you. But the weapons couldn't harm the invaders. Then the humans tried bacteria against the Star beings."
"What were those things?"
"Tiny bugs that the humans tried to inject into the bodies of the invaders to make them sicken and die. But the bugs had no effect at all on the An-vils. You must know, these newcomers were more intelligent than the Earthlings. In fact, they were the greatest mathematicians in the Milky Way."
"Then, father, the invaders killed off all the Earthlings?"
"Not all. They killed many, but many others were enslaved."
"Then everything was peaceful on Earth?"
"For a little while. Then, some of the most daring of the humans, led by a man named Knowall, escaped into the interior of Greenland. This Knowall was a psychiatrist and he figured out a way to rid the earth of the An-vils."
"How, papa?"
"He filled these An-vils with human emotions, such as love, hate, ambition, jealousy, envy, despair, hope, fear, shame and so on. Very soon terrible civil wars wiped out two-thirds of the An-vil population."
"Then the An-vils finally killed off each other?"
"Almost, until among them a being named Zalibar preached the brotherhood of all An-vils. The invaders quickly quit their quarrels, and the Earthlings were even more enslaved."
"Oh, papa, weren't Knowall and his followers awfully sad about it?"
"For a while. Then Knowall came up with the final way. He filled the An-vils with homesick?ness."
"Oh, wasn't Knowall smart? That meant, the An-vils were all filled with the desire to fly back to the Star from where they had started."
"Exactly. So, one day, at a given signal, all the An-vils rose up from Earth."
"So then all the An-vils flew away from Earth?"
"Not all. There were two child An-vils, one male and one female, aged two years, who had been born on Earth. They flew up too, but when they reached the upper limits of the atmosphere, they hesitated, turned tail and fluttered back to Earth. Their names were Zizzo and Zizza."
"And what happened to Zizzo and Zizza, papa?"
"Well, they were also great mathematicians. So, they multiplied."
"Oh, papa," laughed Zoe, flapping her wings excitedly, "that was a very nice story!"

-110-Appendix I
Part II Text A
Text Organization 1.

PartsParagraphsMain Ideas
Part OneParas 1-3The narrator claims that no extraterrestrials will ever land on earth.
Part TwoParas 4-48The narrator gives an account of his encounter with extraterrestrials, making it clear why he claims that
they will return no more.
2.

SectionsParagraphsMain Plots
Section OneParas 4-5(before the E.T.'s arrival)Bart got quite irritable be?cause of his complicated tax form.
Section TwoParas 6-11(the landing of the flying saucer) The narrator was
shocked at the sight of a flying saucer landing on Earth and two men getting out of it, while Bart didn't notice it at all.
Section ThreeParas 12-34(the meeting with the E.T.) Unaware of the guests' identity and caught up with his tax form, Bart talked to the guests with an impatient and sarcastic tone and turned down their request rudely. Their conversation ended with the guests' promise of not coming back.
Section FourParas 35-48(after the E.T.'s departure) After the E.T. left, the narrator got mad at Bart because of his irrational atti?tude to the guests. Bart didn't realize his stupid error until it was too late.

Appendix I-111-
Vocabulary
I. 1.1) rocket2) garbage
3) knock off4) complicated
5) locality6) cursed
7) came around8) deputy
9) heave10) caught sight of
11) arrangement12) blinked
13) isolated14) disabled
15) regardless of
2.1) work out2) passed away
3) go for4) send for (the doctor)
5) knocked down6) called on (me)
7) turned down8) came up with
3.1) "We want to put the government at your service, giving you what you've paid for," said
the incoming president at the inauguration.
2)The doctors are keeping the patient under close observation on account of her critical condition.
3)Apparently the solution to this complicated technical problem is even beyond the wits of the skilled technicians.
4)No two zebras are alike in the details of their black and white lines though they all seem to have the same appearance.
5)I'm really bugged by her persistent complaining about her routine life, soaring prices, the polluted surroundings, and the like.
4.1) Charlotte has just finished a piece of fiction for the science column of a local weekly
newspaper.'lt is about a group of extraterrestrials with keen wits and great strength. They can solve complicated problems and knock down buildings effortlessly. And their appear?ance on Earth changes the whole mode of life of human beings.
2)To my father, retirement doesn't mean isolating himself from society. As a veteran doctor, he has worked out a plan to promote the health of the public and makes supreme efforts to fulfil it. On account of his superb medical capability and kindness, he is respected by old and young alike in the community.
3)Mike's mother is really bugged by her son's attitude to learning. When she is keeping an eye on him, he makes like he is going over his class notes. Once he is left alone, he will

112-

Appendix 1

either be hooked on computer games or simply go to bed. Maybe it is time she adopted a more effective approach to his education.

II. Usage
1. high
3. deep
5. steady

2. easy
4. real
6. funny


III. Word Formation

Abbreviation

Full Term

Chinese Meaning



WTO

World Trade Organization

世界贸易组织



GDP

gross domestic product

国内生产总值



ATM

automated teller machine

自动出纳机



VAT

value-added tax

增值税



CAD

computer aided design

计算机辅助设计



IT

information technology

信息技术



IDD

international direct dial

国际直拨电话



MTV

musical television

音乐电视



radar

radio detecting and ranging

雷达



IOC

International Olympic Committee

国际奥委会



VIP
laser

very important person
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

大人物

激光



CPU

central processing unit

中央处理器



■



Structure
1. 1) Bernard was believed to have been killed in a car-bomb attack a year and a half ago.
2)As a freshman, Jane is so curious about university life that she wants to be involved in all kinds of campus activities.
3)What worries us most is that little seems to have been done to remedy the trade deficit.
4)He got to the railway station only to be told that the train had already left.

Appendix I-113-
2. 1) His opponent having gained a lead of almost 60,000 votes, the candidate publicly admitted that he had lost his election bid.
2)All the guests having left his house, the host kicked off his shoes and stretched out on the couch.
3)His voice (being) almost drowned by the big noise from the audience, the speaker had to stop his lecture.
4)The roads being wet and slippery after the heavy rain, I drove very carefully.

Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. deputy
3. on account of
5. go over
7. nationality
9. locality
11. garbage
(B)
1. with
3. at
5. from
7. However
9. figured/found
11. conducted
13. at
15. but
17. so

2. complicated
4.caught sight of
6.appearance
8.isolated
www.61k.com
12.leave... alone
2.buried / drowned / lost
4.away
6.sign
8.later
10.aliens
www.61k.com
14.times
16.like

II. Translation<
The extraterrestrial has been a topic of interest to experts and laymen / nonprofessionals alike. Researchers of various nationalities and organizations are adopting different modes of in?vestigation in search of extraterrestrials. Some make a close observation of stars with extremely high levels of rare, radioactive elements. They believe those elements have resulted from extrater-

- 114 -Appendix I
restrial technology that is still beyond human wits to understand. Some try to isolate radio signals from the "noise" of the universe. And some claim that they have caught sight of extraterrestrials and can even describe their appearance in detail. Researchers work up the complicated data they collect into a series of reports and books. Although no definite answer has yet been found, the explorers' hope shows no sign of fading out on account of their frustrations and they hold to the belief that their hard efforts will prove worthwhile.
Part III Text B
Comprehension Check

l.d 3. c 5. b

2. d 4. b 6. c

Translation
(#JE Appendix III)

Language Practice
1. detect
3. take ... for granted
5. orbiting
7. in connection with
9. existence
11. For one thing
13. in the process of 15. disposed of
17. true of
19. For instance

2. reliable / stable
4. stable
6. in theory
8. evolution
10. capable
12. in other words
14. endure
16. is apt to
18. universe
20. in particular

Appendix 1-115-
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Pressing Problems on Our Planet I Wish to Discuss with Extraterrestrials
Since the visitors could travel such long distances from Venus to our planet, their society must be far better developed and advanced than ours. Therefore, why not, I think, take advantage of their visit and ask for their advice about how to solve some of the most pressing problems we confront here on earth?
The number one issue on my list is global warming which is said to be caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. According to the World Meteorological Organization, global warming could increase the Earth's average surface temperature by as much as 5° F(3° C) by 2070. Such a warm planet would lead to a sea-level rise of 6 to 38 inches and consequently would give rise to more floods or droughts, which in turn could finally empty our breadbaskets.
Another urgent issue is the rapid exhaustion of the earth's natural resources.
Nowadays human society, especially in the developed countries, is what we might call a "throw-away" society. Lunch boxes, beverage containers, chopsticks, or even cameras, are just disposed of as garbage after being used only once. It is reported that to produce 100,000 pairs of chopsticks consumes as many as 17 full-grown trees. Yet to grow a tree of considerable size usually takes tens of years. Unfortunately we have grown used to all this without so much as bothering to ask our?selves: Are there inexhaustible natural resources on Earth for us to waste like this generation after generation?
These are the things that worry me most. Do our extraterrestrial visitors have the same prob?lems as we do? Could they show us how to solve them?
(269 words)

- 116 -Appendix I
Unit 5
. ■ ■■■
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
To begin with, let's listen to a song called There 's No Place Like Home for the Holidays.
There's No Place Like Home for the Holidays
Perry Como
On, there's no place like home for the holidays 'Cause no matter how far away your roam If you long lor the sunshine and a friendly gaze For the holidays you can't heat home sweet home
I met a man who lived in Tennesseet
And he was looking for
Pennsylvania and some homemade pumpkin pie
Now in Pennsylvania folks are traveling
Down to Dixie's sunny shore
The Atlantic to Pacific
Ok, the season is terrific
Oh, there's no place like home for the holidays
For the holidays you can't heat home sweet home
Perry Como has a very fine, silky voice. Just the sort of voice one needs for a sentimental song full of familiar phrases such as "there's no place like home" and "home sweet home". It sounds as if he is singing about Thanksgiving, as he sings of "homemade pumpkin pie", a traditional dish for the Thanksgiving holiday. Thanksgiving for Americans is much like the Spring Festival for us, a time when families try to get back together. In America people often travel many miles to get back to their

Appendix I-117-
hometown, whether it's from north to south, "Pennsylvania ... down to Dixie" (Dixie is a traditional name for the American South) or from east to west, "the Atlantic to Pacific."
Part II Text A
Text Organization
l.

ParteParagraphsMain Ideas
Part OneParas 1-9On Thanksgiving Day 1943, as a young coastguardsman at sea, the writer came up with the idea of expressing his gratitude to people who had helped him before.
Part TwoParas 10-16The writer wrote three thank-you letters to his father, the Rev. Nelson and his grandmother.
Part ThreeParas 17-23The writer got three letters in reply.
Part FourParas 24-26The writer wishes everyone to find the good and praise it.

CorrespondentsLetters SentLetters Received
FatherThanks him for teaching the writer from boyhood to love books and www.61k.com the writer how he, as a teacher and a father as well, felt content with his own son.
The Rev. Nelson, Thanks him for his morning
school prayers. I
iTells the writer about his retirement coupled with self-doubt, and the re?assurance brought to him by the writer's letter.
GrandmotherThanks her for teaching the writer how to tell the truth, to share and to be forgiving, and for her good cooking and her sprinkling the writer's life with Stardust.Expresses her loving gratefulness to her grandson.

- It6 -Appendix I

Vocabulary
I.1. 1) sprinkled2) in turn
?
3)reversed4) repay
5)at sea6) on your behalf
7)statement8) specific
9)got to10) in secret
11)unloaded12) accord
13)weep14) quote
15)under way
2.1)came across2) make out
3) hope for4) turns (it) over
5) put away6) brings back
7) got to8) go about
3.1) As supplies of traditional fuels diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar
energy.
2)Happiness will never come to those who fail to appreciate what they already have.
3)While it is true that children of today are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated.
4)Since she borrowed those books from the library she has been immersed in British history and culture.
5)Everything changed in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident.
4.1) I'd like to express my sincere thanks to everyone who has been so considerate of my well-
being. My heart is filled with gratitude that words cannot express.
2)After everyone assembled on the playground amid the noise and excitement of the specta?tors, our coach again impressed on us the need to do our best in quest of excellence.
3)Everything I saw in my hometown was marvelous. I could hardly believe that it had undergone such swift changes through cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers and the rest in the past few years.
www.61k.com
1, fond of2. sick of
3. thoughtful of4. confident of

Appendix I- 119 -
5. conscious of6. critical of
7. guilty of8. uncertain of
-III. Usage
1.To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say.
2.It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success.
3.Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.
4.I think I'll stay at home this evening rather than go / going out.
5.Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for them.
Structure
1.1) Fifty years ago it was taken for granted that marriage was the goal of every young woman's inmost thought, and the aim for her of her father and mother.
2)Most young people take tap water for granted because they've never lived without it.
3)I'd always seen them together and just took it for granted that they were married.
4)It is a very common phenomenon among people that the first gift is regarded with affection and the second is taken for granted.
2. 1) The 1980s saw the start of the development of some special economic zones in China.
2)The past decade has seen the release of many films, some of them good, some of them bad, and a few of them very brilliant.
3)The last 100 years have seen the material wealth of humankind explode beyond all previous imagining.
4)We have been at your service for five years. The future will see us developing new ideas and plans to suit more of your needs.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1) at sea2) Turning over
3) reverse4) got to
5)repay6) gratitude
7) appreciated8) assembled

- 120 -Appendix I

9) immersed in10) unloading
11) swift
(B)
1) all2) reason
3) better4) for
5) year6) together
7) because8) by
9) brings10) that
11) for12) the
13) harvest14) from
15) if16) reward
17) itself18) food
II. Translation
Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George's father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying "Gratitude is the sign of noble souls" and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
l.c2. b
3. d4. a
5. c
Translation
(#J& Appendix III)

Appendix I- 121 -

Language Practice
1. restless2. settle down
3. saturated4. designated
5. compress6. complains
7. testimony8. touched on
9. definition10. referred to
11. bring in12. spectrum
13. swap14. gear
15. to the point16. look over
17. dual18. advantages
19. kicked out20. migrate
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Dear Dad,
It's Thanksgiving and of course my thoughts are turning home to you. Looking out over the ocean I find myself thinking about how much I owe to you. Yet I have never got round to telling you just how thankful I feel towards you for all you have done for me. There are so many things, I don't know where to start and would never get to the end once I begin. But if I had to pick just one thing it would perhaps be the love of books and reading I learnt from you. Those after-dinner quizzes at the table about the books we had just read and the new words we had picked up, I can see them in my mind's eye as if it were yesterday. Not many are as lucky in their father as I am. So, simply, thank you.
Your loving son,
Alex

- 122 -Appendix I
Dear Rev. Nelson,
I am writing this on board my ship. It is Thanksgiving. My thoughts have been turning to all those who have done so much for me in the past and how I have never taken the time to thank them properly. Naturally, you were among the first to come to mind. You were, quite simply, the very best teacher a child could wish for. You gave us so many different gifts, but, if I were forced to choose one, then it would be your morning prayers at assembly at the start of each day. Whatever positive things I have done since can often be traced to the impression left by those prayers. For that guidance and all the other things I was lucky enough to learn from you, I shall always be in your debt.
Your affectionate student,
Alex Haley
Dear Grandma,
Here I am, on board my ship, and a thousand miles away from your wonderful cooking on Thanksgiving! Standing here at the rail, looking out at the sunset, I've been turning the meaning of Thanksgiving around in my mind and come up with the idea that it is just the time to be giving thanks to those we owe them to. And who better to start with than you? How could I have grown up without your help? You always found just the right way of showing me with those wonderful stories of yours the importance of telling the truth, of sharing and forgiving, of being considerate of others. Quite simply, you sprinkled my life with Stardust. Thank you.
Love
. ?{... ■■
Alex

Unit 6
Part i Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are about to hear was first performed at a concert given to raise money to fight against poverty in Africa. Its message is simple, "There are people dying and it is time to help, to lend a hand. It's no use pretending that someone somewhere will do it for us. So let's start giving to those with less than ourselves." The message is clear. The song sings that we are all of us, everyone in the world, part of one great big family. We should care for one another, because, as the song says,
We are the world...
We are the ones
Who make a brighter day.
Now here is the song:
We Are the World
Michael Jackson
There conies a time
When we heard a certain call,
When the world
Must come together as one.
There are people dying;
And it's time to lend a hand to life,
The greatest girt of all.
We can't go on pretending day by day
That someone somewhere will soon
Make a change.

- 124 -Appendix I

We are the part
Of God's great big family.
And the truth you know,
Love is ail we need.
We are the world,
We are the children,
We are the ones
Who mate a brighter day.
So let's start giving.
There's a choice we are making,
We are saving our own lives.
It's true we'll mate a better day,
Just you and me.
Send them your heart
So they'll know that someone cares
And their life
Will be stronger and free.
As God has shown us,
By turning stones to bread
So we all must lend a helping hand.
When you're down and out,
There seems no hope at all.
But if you just believe,
There's no way we can fall.
Let us realize
That a change can only come
When we started together as one.
■



Part II Text A

Text Organization
1. 1) She made up her mind to die when the last leaf fell.
2) She decided not to give up her life.



Appendix I

-125

3)Behrman, a kind neighbor, who was aware of Johnsy's state of mind, risked death to paint the last leaf and save her.
4)Because it was so perfect the girls both mistook it for the real thing.
i [\
2-.2S:

ScenesParagraphs■, ..■,. ... 'i .. ... .-
CharactersEvents
1Paras 1-2Sue, JohnsySue's roommate Johnsy caught pneumonia.
2Paras 3-8the doctor, SueThe doctor told Sue that Johnsy needed a strong will to live on.
3Paras 9-17Johnsy, SueJohnsy decided that she would die when the 1 last ivy leaf fell.
4Paras 18-2.1Behrman, SueSue told Behrman about Johnsy's fancy.
5Paras 22-33Sue, JohnsyAs Johnsy was encouraged by the last leaf that wouldn't give in to the weather, her


will to live returned.
6Paras 34-37the doctor, Sue
■The doctor told Sue that Johnsy would re?cover, but Behrman caught pneumonia him-self and his case was hopeless.
7Paras 38-39Sue, JohnsySue told Johnsy that Behrman had performed a kind deed without any thought of self.

Vocabulary





I. 1. 1)flutter/fluttering 2) acute
3)cling to 4) streaming
5)fancy 6) mock
7)fierce 8) masterpiece
9)nonsense10) bare
11)subtracted12) victim
13)Sin14) look the part
15)for the rest
: ?

■

-126

Appendix I






2.1) gave in/gave up2) figure out
3) sized up 4) wiped out 5) pulling up 6) wear away
7) sit up8) hear of / about
3.1) Illnesses usually stand out in childhood memories.

2)According to the bulletin, Albright College now offers a joint bachelor's degree program in environmental studies together with Duke University.
3)The new government is less oppressive, but violence still stalks the country.
4)There is scarcely any surface water in the desert.
5)The demand for change in the election law is so persistent that both houses have promised to consider it.
4.1) It was dreary lying in the tent with nothing to read, so we built a camp fire. Soon the smell
of steaks, bread and coffee mingled with that of fresh grass and earth. Other campers seemed to be doing the same. Here and there people were eating, drinking or dancing to their hearts' content, if not to excess. What a merry night!
2)Miss Florence, our music teacher, called to us to stop singing. I didn't realize why until Sally told me in a whisper: " You are not in tune with the group!"
3)The angry wife poured a bucket of water over her drunken husband, who was immedi-ately wet through and stumbled backward: " You can't do without drinks? I won't hear of any excuses. You certainly don't need it to turn loose your tongue!"

■
II.Words with Multiple Meanings
1.He went to Paris on business last month.
2.The train to Brussels goes at 2:25p.m.
3.As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let the sheep go.
4.We went exploring together in the mountains. / We will go exploring together in the mountains.
5.Let's go and have a drink in the bar.
6.The store is going to close up soon.
7.South Koreans went crazy when their soccer players beat the Spanish team in the quarter?finals.
8.When Mother came out of the house, she found her children gone.
■
III.Usage
1. a little white wooden house

2.long, curly red hair
3.a large old round table
4.a cheap Indian restaurant
5.a huge cool chocolate ice-cream
6.rapid technological advance
7.a handsome young Chinese American
Struclurc
1.1)The kitchen smells of burnt rubber.
2)It smells of rose.
3)It tastes of fish.
4)It tastes of gasoline.
2.1)I killed the spider by hitting it.
2)The little girl supported herself by selling matches.
3)You can unlock the door by turning the key to the right.
4)She tried to get help by screaming.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze

(A)
1. victim2.in tune
3. Scarcely4.in a whisper
5. cling www.61k.com
7. sat www.61k.com
9. fancy10.fierce
11. sin12.masterpiece
(B)
1. As2.whose
3. www.61k.com
5. jail6.Her
7. so8.buy
9. not10.figured
11. collect12.when
13. into14.deliver

Appendix I-127-

- 126 -Appendix 1

15. including 17. take
19. in

16. feel 18. Bring 20. small

II. Translation
Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part, or to be "in tune with" other artists. They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success.
Part III TextB

Comprehension Check
1. b 3. b 5. b

2. d 4. c 6. b

Translation
(#J& Appendix III)

Language Practice
1. straps
3. dripping
5. Behave yourself
7. stooping
9. lose her balance 11. At the rear of 13. pop
15. dash
17. took off
19. in contact with

2.frail
4.switches on
6.snatching
8.furnished
10.has ... in common
12.tug
14.pop out
16.catch hold of
18.(at) full blast
20.am / get through with

Appendix I- 129
|■■: ?.■
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
The Spirit of Kindness
The most touching thing about the two stories is the way in which they capture the very best in humanity, the spirit of kindness. This they do through what seems at first sight two unlikely heroes. The old artist appears to be a no-nonsense character, one without any time for sentimentality and softness. Yet we soon see his kindly nature peeping through his rough manner. Only at the end of the story, however, do we discover how kind and considerate he was, the old man risking death to save a girl.
A somewhat similar theme can be found in the second story. The boy finds he has bitten off more than he can chew. The woman is more than a match for him. We might expect her to be justifiably angry at the boy and to march him off to the police station. Instead she marches him off to a decent supper and a lesson in kindness and trust that is more likely to turn him away from crime than any punishment.
(172 words)
Unit 7
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are about to hear came about through a chance meeting. The singer, Donna Summer, was having a meal with her manager in an expensive restaurant in the plush Beverly Hills area of Los Angeles. As Donna tells the story:
"I went into the ladies, and saw one of the waitresses sleeping on a stool, absolutely exhausted from lack of sleep," she says. "I woke the lady up and asked her name. She was called Onetta and simply told me she worked hard for money. She worked in the restaurant in the evenings, but was a full-time nurse during the day".

- 130 -Appendix I

And so was born the song, a call to show respect to those who work hard to serve people, no matter what the job. Onetta works for little, but her life is made less hard when others show they care for her. "She works hard for the money," as the song says, "so you better treat her right."
She Works Hard for the Money
Donna Summer
She works hard for the money so hard for it honey she works hard for the money so you better treat her right
She works hard for the money so hard for it honey she works hard for the money so you better treat her rig ht
Onetta there in the corner stand
and wonders where she is and
it's strange to her
some people seem to have everything
Nine a.m. on the hour hand and she's waiting for the bell
and she's looking real pretty just wait for her clientele

She works hard for the money so hard for it honey she works hard for the money so you better treat her right
She works hard for the money so hard for it honey

Appendix I- 131 -

she works hard for the money so you better treat her right
Twenty rive years have
come and gone
and she' seen a lot of tears
of the ones who come in
they really seem to need her there
It's a sacrifice working day to day for little money just tips for pay But it's worth it all just to hear them say that they care
She works hard for the money so hard for it honey she works hard for the money so you better treat her right
She already knows she's seen her had times she already knows these are the good times
She'll never sell out she never will not for a dollar hill she works hard
she works hard for the money so you better treat her right
She works hard for the money so hard for it honey
so you
She works hard for the money

-132-Appendix I
so hard for it honey
she works hard for the money
so you better treat her right
She works hard for the money so hard for it honey she works hard for the money so you better treat her right
Part II Text A
Text Organization 1.

PartsParagraphsTime of the DayBill's Activities
1Paras 1-7early morningpreparation for the day's work
2Paras 8-25mid-morningon his way to work
3Paras 26-62daydoor-to-door selling
4Paras 63-84eveningeating a frozen dinner and thinking of this and that
2.

ParagraphsWhat is written about Bill's past
Paras 11-20his disability, his schooling, and his hard struggle to make a living for himself
Para 71his back surgery and the selling of his house
Vocabulary

i. l.

1) pledge
3) transit
5) off balance
7) retail
9) limitations

2)betray
4)went off
6)laundry
8)disorder
10)section

Appendix I- 133 -
11) tilted12) transferred
13) delivery14) lean
15) linger
2.1) messing around2) hang on
3) was laid up with4) are gaining on
5) kicked up6) cool down
7) drop ... off8) was reaching out
3.1) It wasn't that she couldn't hear me, but that what I said sometimes didn't register (with her).
2)He strained his back during a practice session. That explains why he was absent from today's game.
3)5,000 dollars was transferred from Father's account to my account.
4)The winter days here are lean for taxi drivers because there are few tourists.
5)Some people say drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in America.
4.1) Sam was riding his bicycle to work. He was not aware that a car was gaining on him when
he made a sudden left turn. Unable to stop his car, the driver knocked him down. Sam was laid up in hospital for months. In time he recovered, but the accident left a permanent scar on his mind. He is now scared of automobiles and has never since ridden a bicycle.
2)John was born a cripple. Even after repeated surgery, he still walks with a tilt. Despite his physical limitations, he successfully completed his college education and developed an interest in literature. He writes fascinating stories and his works enrich the life of millions of young readers.
3)John has recently found himself a job selling insurance. He works on straight commission. Most of the time, he is on the phone but sometimes he sells door to door in some section of his territory. He works so hard we are worried that it might be too great a strain on him. We tell him to slow the pace , but our advice never registers with him.
- . .■ ■ .-
II. Usage
1.I never did go over these books, although I probably should have.
2.I know this is a personal question. You don't have to answer me if you don't want to.
3.I think this topic should have attracted far more attention from philosophers than it has.
4."I think you're right." — "I'm sure I am."
5."He thought that the condition was hereditary in his case." —"Well, it might be."
6."Sugar?"
"No. Maybe next time."

- 134 -Appendix I
7.The house is only a building. It is a place to live, nothing more.
8.DIANE: You didn't! Tell me you didn't! FATHER: Oh, yes. Anything for my children.


III. Word Family
1.1) bored2) boredom
3) bored4) boringly
5) boring
2. 1) encouraged2) encouragingly
3) encouraging4) encouragement
3. 1) frozen2) freeze
3) freezing4) freezer
5) freeze
Structure
1.1) She had to finish reading all the mail that arrived that morning before leaving/she left her
office.
2)It took Jane years of hard practice before she learned to write English well.
3)Because they learned it the hard way, they will not trust anyone before he proves himself trustworthy.
4)Before you criticize him, I think you should let him explain why he acted in the way he did.
2.1) Whenever I felt like talking, they were ready to listen.
2)Are there days when you don't feel like writing?
3)Those who felt like hearing the story again came over and added themselves to the audi?ence.
4)I feel like (going for/taking) a walk. Won't you join me?

Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
(A)
1. off... feet
3. commission
5. laid up
7. representative

2.signature
4.on the phone
6.surgery
8.territory

Appendix I- 185 -

9. disorder10.linger
11. applying for12.dignity
(B)
1. www.61k.com
3. read4.But
5. for6.and
7. on8.worry
9. Now10.because
11. then12.the
13. or14.have/ bother
15. doing16.in
17. looking18.Why
19. www.61k.com
21. no

II. Translation
Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win/gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.
Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sports wear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him on straight commission.
Part III TextB
2. d 4. d 6. b
Comprehension Check
1. c
3. a
5. d

136-

Appendix I



Translation
(#B Appendix III)
Language Practice
1.institutions
3.mobile
5.Fantastic
7.issue
9.criticized
www.61k.com
www.61k.com on
15.for once
www.61k.com down to
19.being pushed around

2.campus
4.myth
6.advertise
8.management
10.blunt
12.cash in on
14.putting ... through
16.settled into
www.61k.com in a while
20.handy

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
A Synopsis
The story tells of one day in the life of a salesman, Bill Porter. It attempts to give us some idea of the hardships he faces and the strength of character he shows. For his job is made all the more difficult by a handicap from which he suffers, which makes it difficult for him to move normally.
The story starts with Bill struggling to get himself ready to go to work in the early morning. It then follows him on his long journey to work and the discouraging rejections he receives. As the story unfolds, we learn more about his past and his character, how, for example, he followed his father's example in becoming a salesman and how proud he is of his ability to support himself by his trade. We learn how many miles he has to walk, and the household provisions he deals in. In many ways, his life seems bleak. He does not get home until late at night and lives alone. He is getting old. Yet, despite all this, he refuses to give way to self-pity.
(181 words)

Appendix I- 137
Unit 8
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
A Clone of Our Own
Will humans be the next clones? The technology still has a long way to go before it's considered safe to try on humans. But even if it were safe, would it be right? Let's hear what Professor Hank Greely of Stanford University has to say on this topic .
Interviewer: When will we clone a human?
Greely: That's not a simple question. I think we have to ask ourselves: is there something about the technology that is so wrong or so evil that it shouldn't be used at all? Or should it be judged according to its intended uses? Interviewer: What are acceptable uses?
Greely: We really need to distinguish between different types of cloning. If we use cloning to grow a new liver, I don't think many people will have problems with that - as long as it's growing a liver and not taking a liver from a cloned person. Human reproductive cloning is much trickier. Interviewer: Why?
Greely: Safety. There's still a very low success rate. With Dolly, the first cloned lamb, 29 treated eggs were implanted in sheep to get one Dolly. We don't worry too much about sheep miscarriages or about deformed lambs being born. But we would with humans. And we wouldn't know if a human clone would be healthy. Interviewer: Dolly appears to be healthy. Why wouldn't a human clone be so?
Greely: There may be cell changes that are initially invisible and only show themselves as the clone ages. There's also a problem with the ends of chromosomes in cells, which shorten until the cells can no longer reproduce. We know that Dolly's chromosomes are shorter than those of other sheep her age, and we don't know what that means yet.

- 188 -Appendix I
Interviewer: Suppose human cloning was safe. In what situations do you see cloning being used?
Greely: Helping parents who are having difficulty having children would be one area. Interviewer: Are there other situations where it might be acceptable to create a human clone?
Greely: A situation where parents want to create a new child to be a bone marrow donor for an older sick child. That's a real tough one. But that issue might never arise if we succeed in growing bone marrow outside the body. Another situation is cloning a child who has accidentally died. I think that's disturbing. But I've never been in that position and so I don't feel comfortable saying whether that's a good application or a bad application of the technology. Interviewer: What about cloning a Hitler or Michael Jordan ?
Greely: I think we can dismiss those as bad or even silly applications. Interviewer: Is there anything else you'd like to say about the future of human cloning?
Greely: Even if cloning humans were safe and we as a society had decided it was right and proper for reproductive purposes, I don't think we'd see a lot of clones. The oldfash-ioned way of making babies has a lot going for it: It's easy, traditional, well understood, and occasionally even pleasant. People are not going to give up sex anytime soon.
Part II Text A
Texf Organization 1.

PartsParagraphsMain Ideas
Part OneParas 1-2Dolly the sheep, a clone, was born.
Part TwoParas 3-6Dolly's birth has made cloning a reality and human clon?ing a possibility.
Part ThreeParas 7-11People have to face the ethical problems of human clon?ing.
Part FourParas 12-16Cloning technology could benefit people in more than one way.

Appendix I- 189 -
2.

SectionsParagraphsMain Ideas
Section OneParas 7-9Human cloning has given rise to the question of what implica-tions the technology may have for mankind.
Section TwoParas 10-11The making of the atomic bomb had a tremendous impact on scientists .
Vocabulary

1)residence2) gave birth to
3)fuse4) primitive -
5)genes6) compromise
7)mixture8) union
9)beforehand10) started out
11)comment, 12) catalog
13)theoretical14) all the world
15)opposed
1)calls for2) woke up
3)took up4) runs out of
5)sums ... up6) broke down
7)lashed out at8) has grown into
1)The hillside facingthe Pacific is dotted with colorful houses.
2)The present Labour government inherited a weak economy from the Conservative govern-
3)The great historian Dr. Franklin lashed out at the racial discrimination that has plagued the American Blacks for more than two hundred years.
4)This blood test will show whether or not you're immune to the disease.
5)Polite society will not tolerate such offensive behavior.
4. 1) I am not opposed to the idea of cloning humans. I believe that in principle it is far less terrifying for a person to use his or her own genetic material to create an identical twin than to use an atomic bomb to kill people.
2) Some people are wondering whether the advances in science have been good. They say that the discovery of atomic energy let loose a power far more destructive than any weap?ons people have invented since ancient times. They think that science has a great potential

- 140 -Appendix 1
for doing evil unless we learn to harness it.
3) The young man was a genius and had a brilliant mind for business management. Soon after he inherited from his father a local newspaper, he merged it with another. Today his news?paper has grown into one of the best-known national news dailies.
www.61k.com
1)Would you rather she took up residence elsewhere?
2)I'll order tea. Or perhaps you 'd rather have coffee?
3)She would rather work for a living than become dependent on her husband.
4)Yd rather she did not tell you the story.
III.Usage
1)An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday,
2)The reason (he gave) that he didn't notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.
3)Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.
4)Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.
Structure
1.1) True, the sentence is grammatically correct, but it does not read naturally.
2)It's true there has been a considerable increase in our living costs, but the quality of our life has improved significantly because our wages have doubled over the same period.
3)True, Peter does not hold an MBA degree, but he is none the less a competent manager.
4)"In my country, teenagers are not allowed to buy alcoholic drinks." "True, but we're not in your country, are we?
2.1) What if the scheme does not work out?
2)What if some scientists ignore bioethics and start to clone human beings?
3)What if you can't get home before dark?
4)What if I did have a talk with your boss before he fired you ?
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. cloning2. am opposed to

Appendix I- 141 -

3. terrifying4.offensive
5. normally6.curiosity
7. in principle8.potential
9. transplanting10.immune
11. genius12.identical
(B)
1. on2.producing
3. of4.that/which
5. both6.Despite
7. took8.with
9. human10.for
11. not12.but
13. by14.who
15. opposition/condemnation16.of
17. what18.from
19. with20.when
II. Translation
After Dolly was born, cloning could no longer be dismissed as science fiction. The ability to create an identical twin of a lamb is but one step short of cloning humans, which many find terrifying and offensive . However the technology holds great potential for medical application. Scientists could cultivate a batch of cells and direct them to grow into whole organs or even limbs that will be genetically identical to those of the patient, thus eliminating the problem of rejection caused by immune reaction when they are transplanted into his body. Or they could take an organ from animals such as a pig that has been genetically altered so that it will be tolerated by the recipient. Then the lives of thousands of patients who die every year before a replacement heart, liver or kidney becomes available would be saved.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
1. d2. c
3. b4. d

- 142 -Appendix I
c
5. b6.
Translation
(#JAL Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. prospect2.
3. necessarily4.
5. vague6.
7. was bound to8.
9. lent ... support to10.
11. objections12.
13. subscribed to14.
15. come to terms with16.
17. had second thoughts18.
19. prohibiting20.
enhance
condemn
overcome
rests on
artificial
inevitable
significant
by virtue of
in essence
vital
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
My Views on Human Cloning
With human cloning becoming a near-term prospect, we are brought face-to-face with the most basic ethical questions of life. Opinions differ widely as to whether human cloning should be prohibited.
True, human cloning clearly has much to offer. By using cells from the patient's own body to grow organs to replace diseased parts, the problem of rejection can be avoided. This might prove useful, for example, in fighting leukemia through bone marrow transplants. But what about making an identical copy of a human being?
Ian Wilmut, who created Dolly the sheep, finds the idea offensive. Professor Hank Greely at Stanford also finds the suggestion deeply disturbing. For one thing, the technology is far from perfect. There may be lots of miscarriages and deformed clones. What shall we do with them? Shall we keep the healthy clones and just kill off the ones with a deformed body or defective brains? That, I am afraid, would offend the religious beliefs of a great many people. For another, even if the

Appendix I- 143 -
technology is perfected, who can guarantee no one will misuse it for evil purposes? To clone a Hitler, for example, or to produce new class divisions, with some designed to lead and others designed to serve?
Therefore, I am strongly opposed to human cloning for reproductive purposes. The govern?ment should enact laws to prohibit it before it is too late. Non-reproductive cloning, on the other hand, should be encouraged. It may mean hope to many who are waiting desperately for organs for transplantation to save their lives. If used wisely the technology may eventually free humans from many kinds of suffering that today seem unavoidable.
(273 words)

三 : 《为学》教案3

教学要求   

1．流利地背诵课文，明确“乎、矣、也、焉、哉”所表达的语气和“为、语、恃、逮、怠、屏、迄”的意思。 

    2．认识蜀鄙二僧故事的内涵和作用。 

3．理解“人之为学”，关键在于“立志去为”的道理，激发学生树立志向大胆实践的精神。 

教学设想 

    《为学》一文能得到广泛的传诵，是因为这不仅说了“为学”，也阐明了事物的一般道理。在论证过程中，插入贫富二僧的故事，增添了文章的说服力，教给读者从根本上解决学习中的困难的方法——要有志向和知难而进的精神。这些认识，只有在学生充分诵读的基础上才能领悟，因此，教学的起始要紧紧抓住学生自我诵读、自我领悟这些环节。疏通文意应力求把握住一句或一段话的整体意思，使学生的注意力始终放在对原文的直接理解上，从而改变“字字落实”、“对号入座”的读死古文的方式。基于对《为学》和古文教学的这些认识，我把教学重点定为教学要求中的第一条：指导学生流利地背诵课文，做到背准字音、背对停顿、背出语气。在读、背的过程中突破教学难点：蜀鄙二僧故事的深刻涵义和作用，及这个故事给我们的启迪。视学生程度，在较好的班级还可以讨论文章里所涉及的几种关系：天下事和为学、为学和蜀鄙二僧的事例、蜀鄙二僧的事例和人之立志、人之立志和知难而进相互间的关系。同时，还可以印发苟子《劝学》的片段进行比较阅读。 

    教学方法以导读为主兼用讨论法、自我发现法。两课时完成。 

按：就体裁而言，本文是议论文，但教学重在使学生懂得立志学习的道理，不宜从体裁特点进行分析。 

教学内容和步骤 

a(适于一般水平) 

    一、导入新课。 

    运用激趣法引入学生进入课文的学习：根据自己的感受谈“天下事有无难易之别”?难易之间是否存在转化的条件? 

    调动学生大胆地发表自己的认识、看法，教师及时做出评定。如果学生答出了难易间的转化条件，那么教师顺势提出“我们学习是否也存在难易之别、相互转化的可能呢?”今天，我们就学习一篇论述这个问题的课文《为学》。如果学生未能答出，教师此时告诉学生——我们今天就学习一篇解决这个问题的课文《为学》。 

  二、研习课文。     

    1．学生出声自读课文，要求读准字音、读对停顿。 

    注出下列字音：逮  怠  迄  屏  鄙  恃  钵  为    语 

划分句内停顿示例：“天下事│有│难易乎?” 

                     “然则│昏庸聪敏│之用，岂有│常哉!” 

     “吾│一瓶一钵│足矣” 

   “顾│不如│蜀鄙之僧哉?” 

  2．指名朗读课文，疏通文意。结合书下注释，学生自我领悟为主。教师答疑、体温并归纳有关字、词的读音、释义和用法。     

实词： 

为wéi  做、求         昏hūn  愚笨   之  往 

怠dài 松懈             语yù  告诉、对  说0 

虚词： 

无以：没有什么       是故：因此 

之：做助词用，无义 

  3．学生归纳各段的意思：     

明确：第一段  提出为学难易可以相互转化的观点。 

          第二段  用学和不学的结果进行对比，论证“人之为学”关键在学的道理。     

    第三段  用蜀鄙二僧的故事，来论证“只要坚忍不拔，终会将难事变为易事的”深刻道理。 

第四段       总结故事；立志为学，勇于实践。 

    4．引导学生探究各自然段和为学的关系，提问、讨论的方法。(视学生程度，好的班级细讲，差点的班级粗讲)     

    (1)课文讲的是为学的事，可是从“天下事”起笔，为什么? 

    明确：开头从“天下事”写起，它包含着“人之为学”；“人之为学”只是“天下事”之一。这样自然的由泛论天下事的难易引入到求学难易的问题上。同时用两个设问句式，引入思考，把天下事和为学相提并论，显然是为了突出为学的主题。论证均从正反两方面作答，鲜明对比，揭示了“易”“难”相互转化的辨证关系，使阐发的道理倍为深刻。 

    (2)第二段“吾昏、庸、聪、敏”的结果与为学有什么关系? 

    作者在提出论点之后，没有急于旁征博引和找事实论证，而是承接第一段用自我昏庸、聪敏转变无常规的现象，进而让学生领悟到“为学”的重要。可见这一段仍然是紧紧围绕中心论点的对比论述。 

    (3)为什么把“蜀鄙二僧”的故事放在事无难易结论之后，可不可以颠倒过来?作者为 什么选取与“为学”似乎没有直接关系的“两僧去南海”的事例作例证，选取这一事例的作用是什么? 

    先指导学生当堂复述、背诵蜀鄙二僧的故事。 

    明确：先讲故事，然后从中推出结论，这种缘事论证法也有说服力。但是，本文采用的是开门见山的方法，直接提出结论、观点，所以不能颠倒过来。 

    介绍文学常识：本文是清朝散文家彭端淑写的，原题是《为学一首示子侄》这个题目告诉我们，此文是彭老先生对晚辈的指导、劝导。所以“示”，就是理所当然的了。但是“示”有明示、暗示之别。暗示带有启发性，明示则不然；暗示可培养人的悟性，明示则有以告诫。这彭老先生不举与“为学”有直接关系的例子，想用“贫富僧朝南海”的故事，让后辈去悟其中所蕴涵的道理，真可谓循循善诱。同时，让我们再次明白了开头为什么从天下事起笔，这为文中选取事例提供了广阔的空间。可见文章结构的缜密。     

    (4)指导学生讨论“蜀鄙二僧”故事的含义和作用?     

    “蜀鄙二僧”的故事，“鄙”点出了二僧住于四川的边远地区，交通闭塞。要想到千里之外的南海，真是具有相当大的困难。贫富和尚同时面对这样的客观难题，然而他们所恃的态度、方法截然不同，结果自然不一样。贫和尚问富和尚“吾欲之南海，何如?”富和尚则反问“子何恃而往?”表示极大的怀疑。当贫和尚说“吾一瓶一钵足矣”，一个“足”字表现出贫和尚面对困难知难而进的勇气和敢于大胆实践的精神。然而，富和尚第二次的“子何恃而往?”在嘲讽他人中，充分表现了在困难面前强调客观条件，没有坚定的志向，更不具有为着志向的实现而大胆实践的勇气。而贫和尚只凭一瓶一钵就实现了朝南海的愿望。让学生从这个对比中悟出：有条件的反为条件误，而没有条件的，凭恒心、*毅力最终获得成功。 

    这个故事启示学生：面对困难，要充分发挥人的主观能动性，而关键在于“立志”，更在于具有“立志去为”的毅力。这是战胜一切困难的根本思想：知难而进，勇于实践。还要让学生了解这样设喻的客观效应：“人之为学”遇到困难时应有的根本原则和态度。这样劝导人无声色之厉，平易质朴，语重心长，增添了文章的说服力。 

    (5)你从最后的反问和小结中获得了什么感受? 

    明确：读出反问句的语气，点明故事的内涵——人贵在立志。“是故”以下的小结激励我们“立志去为”，面对困难应有知难而进、勇于实践的精神。 

    5．课文内容的挖掘和扩展：想一想天下事，是不是没有难易分别?你学过有什么感受？ 

    明确：天下的事当然有难易之分，本文说的没有难易，是从有志者事竟成的角度说的，意在鼓励人们不畏困难，立志求学，知难而进，实干下去终会有成。 

    学生的感受发散展开，不作统一要求，只要跟课文有联系就可以， 

    三、留作业。 

    1．背诵课文。 

2．思考练习(2)。

四 : 英语教案－unit 3 shopping

Unit one My school (the first period)

Date	292004	day	Monday
Aims & contents	Identify/ point to pictures/ objects by listening to simply words
Materials	p.c  word cards  recorder
procedures	Activities			Purpose  & feedback
Warm-up	1. question: what day is today? Today is …			1. 通过课前的英语对话,活跃课堂气氛,调动学生的积极性.     2. 事物或图片教学,可吸引学生的注意力.   3.操练单词,采用形式多样的方法,运用声音的抑扬顿挫,让学生在乐中学习枯燥的单词.
	2. every English.
Revision	1. say the ordering in the new term . tell the Pupils
	how to learn the English.
presentation	1. Bring in a photo or picture of our school  And
	photos or pictures of the different Rooms taught
	in the unit.
	2. show the pictures ,saying this is my School. Give
	individual pupils the pictures And ask them to
	repeat the sentences.
	3.show the different rooms and say their names
	and ask the pupils repeat them after me.
practice	Show the pictures and ask the pupils to make the
	Sentences about them.
homework	Read the part A.
Board design	Unit 1 my school Word : a class room     a library A computer room  a hall    a playground A music room   an art room

五 : 英语教案－Unit 3 Lesson 9

第9课

（步骤一）复习

             检查家庭作业 。

（步骤2）介绍新语言项目

      把学生分为若干小组。把List at least five ways we can clean up our hometown..这菊花写在黑板上。给学生及分钟时间让他们在他们的小组里列出他们自己的净化他们家乡的方法。教师在教室里四处走动并给学生必要的帮助，确保每个学生都有发言的机会。鼓励学询问在他们讨论时需要用的词语。他们特可以使用汉英辞典。让几组学生和全班一起给出他们的答案。把学生的想法写在黑板上。

（步骤3）读，说

       学生用书低11页第一部分。口语录音带第9课。合上书。把下列这个问题写在黑板上：What has the factory been doing?方录音杨学生汀病赵答案。核对答案。（It has been pouring waste water into the river near it.）教学生词pour, waste,dirty和词组be afraid of.把书打开。在访一边录音让学生听并让他们跟着重复。

       和全班一起做练习死地9课怜惜1。

（步骤四）介绍信语言项目

       收集一个学生的资料，斌感召下列方式在黑板上画一时间轴线：

rd

       1988→→→1994→→→ 2000→→→now

        born      started      3  year

                  primary     jr.middle

                  school      school

        让学生两人一组就这些问题进行问答练习，并把他们同伴的经历画一时间轴线。

讨论那些他们的时间轴线写在黑板上的学生的情况。说He/She was born(fourteen) years ago.He/She started primary school(eight) years ago. He/She finished primary school just over(two)years ago.让个别学生用同样的方式谈论他们的同伴。

复习单词since和for:说He/She has been at this school since 2000.说Istarted at this school in 19(97). I’ve been here…(向学生打手是要他们完成这个句子)since19(97)/for(five)years.

谈论另外一个老师。在黑板上写下这位老师开始在这个学校教书的日期。这一次，把how long has (Miss Li)been at this school?这个文具介绍给学生。在这里使用现在完成实施用来表示动作的延续性，或者发生在过去而已含蓄到现在的状态。

（步骤5）问、答

学生用书第11页地2部分。让两个学生自愿模仿练习第一个对话。教学生词member,join,on(意思是about)和environment.接着让另外两个学生模仿练习第二个对话。让学生良人一组活动，用方框里的词语编写他们自己的对话。样机组学生和全班一起给出他们的对话。

（步骤6）练习册

做练习册第9课练习2和3。练习2营全班一起来完成。鼓励学生提问半晌其他学申个入药总是提问他们的同伴。如果时间允许，让几个学生谈一谈他们采访过的其中一个学生。提起学生注意，这个练习里的所有动词所表示的动作都能延续一段时间。

练习3可以单独完成。

家庭作业 ：

完成练习册里的练习。

把练习3写在练习本里。 本文标题：大学英语综合教程3答案-英语教案－Unit 3 Toys
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