一 : 2017高考英语备考 非谓语动词
XX高考英语备考（考点聚焦+名题导解） 非谓语动词¯一、考点聚焦 1、非谓语动词的句法功能
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语 法 功 能
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宾语补足语
表语
定语
状语
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√2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题 （1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。 his job is to guard.(说明内容) be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事) （2）带不定式作宾语的词语。 下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。 下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。 （3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。 ①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。there is no one to look after her.③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。she is now looking for a room to live in.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。we hurried to the classroom only to find none there .in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语，如:the girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.i’m not such a fool as to believe that.（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。the novel was said to have been published.i regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。i’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）i’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（a）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（b）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（c）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
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（7）不定式的省略。 ①同一结构并列由and或or连接。i want to finish my homework and go home.i’ m really puzzled what to think or say.特例：to be or not to be,this is a question.he is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。what he did was lose the game.③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。⑤why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。如：he could not but walk home.（8）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：susan is not what she used to be.—you came late last night. you ought to have finished yourhomework.—i know i ought to have.常见的有：i’d like / love / be happy to.3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（1）动名词作宾语。①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand例 句
解 析1. it began to rain. it began raining.2. it was beginning to snow.3. i love lying (to lie)on my back.4. i like listening to music, but today i don’t like to.5. i don’ t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try
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解 析1. i remember to meet her at the station.i remember seeing her once somewhere.2. i forgot giving it to you yesterday. i forgot to tell you about it. now here it is.3. i regret not having working hard. i regret to hear of your sister’s death.
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4. try knocking at the back door. we must try to get everything ready.5. that will mean flooding some land. i had meant to go on monday.1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4. try to do sth.设法……，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试5. mean to do sth.打算做……，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 want, require, need例 句
解 析these desks need repairing.these desks need to be repaired.the patient required examinedthe patient required to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做2. want doing want to be done3. require doing require to be done4、分词复习应注意的几个问题 （1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 ①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.②原因状语seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note③伴随状语the girls came in, following their parents.④结果状语the poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。（2）分词作表语。s. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；s. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：教学资源，完全免费，无须注册，天天更新！">教学资源，完全免费，无须注册，天天更新！"> 感官动词 动词原形→做了某事s．+ + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事 使役动词 过去分词→做了或被做5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。 （1）过去分词作原因状语 tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep. = because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep. lost in thought , he almost ran into a car. =as he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. （2）作时间状语 seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. =when the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden. （3）作条件状语 given more time, i would have worked out the problem. =if i have been given more time, i would have worked out the problem. （4）伴随状语 the teacher came in, followed by some students. =the teacher came in and was followed by some students. 分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如： her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him. ñ二、精典名题导解 选择填空 1. __________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. a.having suffered b.suffering c.to suffer d.suffered 解析：答案为a。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语for people，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用完成时。 2. one learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.(XX年春季高考) a.correct b.correcting c.corrects d.to correct 解析：答案为b。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过……，凭……”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+ v. –ing ”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting符合。 3. the picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. a.having hung b.hanging c.hangs d.being hung 解析：答案为b。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。 4.“we can’t go out in this weather,”said bob, out of the window. a. looking b. to look c. looked d. having looked 解析：答案为a。本句考非谓与动词作伴随状语。全句合理的句意是：bob看着窗外说，“我们不能在这种天气出去”。bob在说话的同时在看着窗外，应使用现在分词一般式，表主动和进行。a项正合语境。b项不定式表主动、将来的动作。c项表被动完成的动作（上处不是并列谓语）。d项表完成的主动动作，均不和语境。 5.reading is an experience quite different from watching tv; there are pictures in your mind instead of before your eyes. a. to form b. form c. forming d. having formed 解析：答案为c。全句意为：读书是一种与看电视相当不同的体验，有画面在你的心中，而不是在你的眼前形成。所以本题考非谓语动词，表主动且进行着的动作。人们看书时，读到什么情节或场面，这样的情节或场面便（同时）在心中形成。 6.the news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left. a. to tell b. to be told c. telling d. told 解析：答案为b。本题考查非谓语用法。only + to do 常用此结构作结果状语，tell及物动词，tell之后常带双宾结构，故tell采用被动形式。
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二 : 初中英语非谓语动词的用法
初中英语非谓语动词的用法一、非谓语动词的种类三 : 2016考研英语：非谓语动词中的动词-ed形式
2016考研英语：非谓语动词中的动词-ed形式
来源：文都教育
在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词。(www.61k.com）非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的特点，还可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。因为一个句子只能有一个谓语动词，如果一个句子动词为两个或两个以上的话，只能有其中一个动词作谓语，其他动词作非谓语，今天我们再来讲解非谓语动词中的动词-ed形式。
过去分词的形式分为规则动词变化（即由动词原形加-ed构成）和不规则动词变化。
1.作定语
【例1】911 is a premeditated tourism attack.911是一场有预谋的恐怖袭击。
【例2】Those selected as congress members will attend the first meeting.当选为人大代表的人将出席第一次会议。
【注意】当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前（前置定语，如第一句）；如果过去分词为短语，要放在被修饰名词之后（后置定语，如第二句）。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。例如：Those selected as congress members.=Those who are selected as congress members.
2.作表语
【例1】The clothes are broken.衣服破了。
【例2】You were frightened at the horror film.你看恐怖片害怕了。
【注意1】“be+过去分词”的形式，有系表结构和被动语态两种可能。辨析下面两个句子：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
【注意2】不及物动词过去分词形式不表示被动，只表示完成。如gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
boiled water（开水）fallen leaves（落叶）newly arrived goods（新到的货）the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）
3.作宾语补足语
【例句】I heard the window broken by the thief.我听见窗户被小偷给砸碎了。
【注意】过去分词也可作介词with短语中的宾语补足语。例如：With the homework done, they went out to relax ourselves.作业做完了，他们出去放松一下。
4.作状语
【例1】Given 20 years, Putin will be able to return a powerful Russia.如果给予20年的时间，普京将造就一个强大的俄国。（表示条件）
【例2】Praised by the president, he became the pride of his family.受到总统的褒奖，他成为全家人的骄傲。（表示原因）
【例3】Filled with hopes and fears, he set foot on America.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他踏上了美国的土地。
非谓语动词的-ed形式没有-ing形式的种类多，也没有那么复杂，大家只要认真学习并适当的加以练习，就可以顺利掌握。
四 : 2017届高考英语非谓语动词
发布时间：2017-05-05
非谓语动词 【知识点归纳】 i.概述 1.基本形式的变化： 不定式：时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been built john said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主动态) he hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态) he pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式) he intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态) this work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态) v-ing形式时态主动态被 动 态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done 注意：不及物动词没有被动式 动名词 i am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) (= i am sure that he will come in time) he is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) (= he is proud that he is selected as monitor.) i’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态) (= i am confident that he have passed the exam.) he complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态) 现在分词 he sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态) being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态) having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态) all this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态) 2.所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式现在分词△△△△动名词△△△△不定式△△△△△△过去分词△△△△ 注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。 ii.基本知识 1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分 ①作主语。 to see once is better than to hear a hundred times. to make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的 在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。 it is important for us to learn english very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 ②作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后： help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem) he managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。 he promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。 i didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。 在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。 he considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。 i found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。 ③作定语(常置于名词之后)。 由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词来源地址：
发布时间：2017-05-05
代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something) she is always the first student to arrive at school. he is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。 i don’t think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。 i have no desire to travel. you’ll find something to interest you here. 注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。 i haven’t decided which hotel to stay at. i found no one to play with. ④作状语 i walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.(不至于跌倒) (表目的) they lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果) he tried only to fail. (结果没有成功) she was happy to hear the news. (表原因) 不定式常用于修饰下列形容词： able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit,frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful,thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc. french is difficult to learn. 法语难学。 i’m sorry to interrupt you, but i have to. ⑤作独立副词成分。 to speak frankly, i don’t like your attitude. ⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 when to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。 the problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。 注意： ①在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,consider,understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。 he didn’t know what to do next. i haven’t decided whether to go to japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。 ②不定式的复合结构 由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。 it is necessary for you to finish the work before friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工 his idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。 由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：brave, careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good, honest,kind,nice,rash, right,rude, stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong, wise等。 it’s kind of you to say so. it’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!本文链接:
发布时间：2017-05-05
你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿 ③不带to 的动词不定式 ▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let,make,have, hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。 the teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。 将该句转换成被动语态：i am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition. i heard her say that she was fed up. ▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but,do nothing but等。 i’d better go now, or i’ll miss the train. they can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。 ▲在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。 we have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待)。 there is no choice but to go there. there is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book. ▲在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to why argue with him? why not send those books back?为什么不把那些书送回去? 2.动名词在句中充当的成分 ①作主语 asking for help is sometimes necessary. 请求帮助有时是必要的。 eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。 teaching offers something besides money and power. ②作补语、表语 seeing is believing. we call such an act cheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。 ③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语 建议冒险去献身：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to 忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受), look forward to, stop 放弃延期悔失去：give up, delay, put off, regret, miss 坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成：keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish 注意原谅避反对：pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to 考虑要求不自禁：consider, require, cannot help 允许习惯不介意：forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind 值得开始想动名：be worth, set about, imagine the mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.冒险游过河 his wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room 他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。 all of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer. 他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。 i'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. being ill for a few days,she doesn't feel like eating anything.不想吃任何东西 另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系)。 my hair needs cutting. (= my hair needs to be cut.)本文地址:
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⑤作定语 它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。 the factory built a swimming pool last year.游泳池 our teacher uses a very good teaching method.教学方法 ⑥作同位语 his hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting. 注意： ①动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成，在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： do you mind my closing the door? do you mind me closing the door? my closing the door made him angry. i can’t stand lao chang’s talking like that about other comrades. ②动名词的某些固定结构 ▲it is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth. it is no use crying.哭没有用。 it is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 it is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 ▲it is + useless+doing sth. it is useless speaking.光说没用。 ▲there is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。 there is no knowing how old she is.(= i t is impossible to know how old she is.) there is no telling where she’s gone.(= it is impossible / difficult to know where she’s gone.) ▲make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的” our family make a point of going to church every sunday.(= our family make it a rule to go to church every sunday.) ▲be on the point of + doing “濒临，将要…” he was on the point of leaving. ▲on (upon) + doing “一…就…” on hearing the news, i changed my plans.(= as soon as i heard the news, i changed my plans.) ▲go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏) he went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc. ▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中 have difficulty (in) + doing sth have trouble (in) + doing sth have fun (in) + doing sth/ have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth ▲feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词 do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? i don't feel like reading tonight.今晚我不想读书。 3.分词在句中充当的成分 ①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。 the boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= the snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.) china is a developing socialist country.发展中的社会主义国家 the man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend. (= the man who is writing the obituary is my friend.)本文链接:
发布时间：2017-05-05
the broken glass scattered on the ground.破杯 注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。 ②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。 the story is boring. i found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语) i found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语) ③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。 having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.(时间) being short of money, i decided to apply for the work.(原因) seriously injured, allen was rushed to the hospital.(原因) if going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.(条件) unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in mrs smith’s class.(条件) the farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.(结果) he sat in a rocking chair, watching tv.(伴随) 注意：分词的特殊结构 ①独立主格 有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。 that being the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan. weather permitting, we will go out. == if weather permits the teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom. ②“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构 常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：he fell asleep with the lamp burning. ③某些固定结构 generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。 judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断 frankly speaking, i don't like him at all.坦率地说 ④catch+宾语+doing i caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 if she catches me reading her diary，she'll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的 注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。 considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄 i have nothing to say concerning his speech.关于他的演讲 iii.非谓语动词比较 1.做主语和宾语时的比较 一般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。 looking after children is her job.照看小孩 to clean the classroom is his job today.打扫教室 i like swimming, but i don't like to swim today because i don't feel well.本文地址:
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注意下列重点内容： ①begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式 when we came in, they were beginning to have supper. after his explanation, i began to understand it / realize that i was wrong. ②有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意 a.remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义 please remember to bring me the book i want next time. i remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before. don't forget to write to me soon. i never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time. i regret missing that good film last week.(后悔) i regret not taking (not having taken) your advice. i regret to say i can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry) b.mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要…… mean doing：意味着，就是 i am sorry i didn't mean to hurt your feelings， i meant to call on you, but i was so busy. learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class. c.stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事(不定式作目的状语) stop doing停止做(动名词作宾语) after some time, they stopped walking and had a rest. after walking some time, they stopped to have a rest. d.try：try to do，努力，试图干…… try doing：试着干…… he searched everywhere and tried to find his key. he came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job. the mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself. they tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again. e.want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要i用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。 these young trees require looking after(=to be looked after). the matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over). f.go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事(不定式作目的状语) go on doing继续干原来同一件事(动名词作宾语) after a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story. after writing the composition he went on to work out his maths problems. g.动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。 doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.(放弃) the doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. (放弃) she doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.(允许) h.be considered to have done被认为已经做了…… consider…to be认为是…… consider doing考虑做某事 i.be(get)used to doing习惯于…… be used to do被用来做……本文地址:
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j.can’t help doing情不自禁做…… can’t help to do不能帮助做…… 2.做宾补时的比较 不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。 when i came in, i saw her dancing happily. i often hear her sing songs in english in her room. they had the lights burning all night long. i saw li ping pass by and enter the next room just now. the mother will have the doctor examine her son again. tomorrow i'll have my hair cut. when i got home i found the window broken and the thief gone away already. when they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed. 3.做表语时的比较 不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。 her job is cleaning offices.(what is her job?) (=cleaning offices is her job.) our job today is to clean the office.(=to clean the office is our job today.) the news is very exciting.(how is the news?) they are very tired after a long walk. the door is locked now. the children are well dressed these days. 4.做定语时的比较 不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。 a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming a swimming pool=a pool for swimming the boiling water=the water that is boiling drinking water=water for drinking today i have a letter to write. please find a man to help us. it is a good chance to practice your spoken english.练习你的口语 i like reading books written by lu xun. the woman standing over there is our english teacher.站在那边的 the house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library. the house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library. the house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now. 5.做状语时的比较 不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末;分词 可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。分词用于go doing结构中作目的状语。文章来源：
发布时间：2017-05-05
①目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。 the smiths have gone to london to spend their holidays. i came here (in order/so as) to hear the report. in order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats. ②时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。 arriving (=when he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there. waiting (=when i was waiting) to see the doctor, i met with a friend of mine. having (=when we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination. having (=when he had) finished his homework, he went to bed. after finishing his homework, he went to bed. seen (=when the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful. locked (=when he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world. when asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时 once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复 ③原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。 i am sorry to hear that you are not well. i'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.让你久等了 we are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide. being (=since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium. there being no enough money, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted. 由于没有钱 having (=since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away. moved (=as he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the pla man, he burst into tears. ④条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。 turning (=if you turn) to the left，you will see the post office. united (=if we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall. given (=if he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better. ⑤结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。 he arrived late to find the train gone. i worked late into the night, only to find i had not finished half of the job.本文地址：
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he was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbors. his is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy. i ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath. the man died young, leaving nothing but debt. ⑥让步状语：通常由过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。 though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely. though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. ⑦伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。 chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using english. she came running towards us. they walked along the streets, talking and laughing. he went into the house, followed by some children. he continued to walk up and down, lost in thought. iv.关于there be 的非谓语形式 there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语 1.作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如： we don't want there to be any comrades lagging behind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 they hate there to be long queues everywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 we have no objection to there being a meeting here.我们并不反对在这里开会。 2.作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词for之后要用there to be there being nobody else at hand,i had to do by myself.由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语) it’s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) there having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry. 因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语) 3.作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be. it is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young. 老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 there being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers. 校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。 【高考预测】 1.—why don’t you like tom? —i think he is a man_________. a.to be worked with b.working with c.to work with d.being worked with 2.he said that he _________what he could________us,but he was too busy then. a.would do,help b.could have done,to help c.would have done,helping d.could do,helped 3.would you please tell me the way thought of_________the garden. a. take care of b. to take care of c. taking care of d. how to take care of 4.—you look rather tired today. —______ not to miss the 4:20 flight, i didn’t dare to close my eyes.本文地址：
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a. reminding b. reminded c. being reminded d. having reminded 5.___________, the monument could be restored to its former glory. a. if repaired well b. if repairing well c. to repair well d. repairing well 6.“can’t you read?” mary said_______to the notice. a. angrily pointing b. and point angrily c. angrily pointed d. and angrily pointing 7.on august 12,XX typhoon morakot swept across taiwan island, _________a lot of villages___________. a.left; damaged b.leaving; damaging c.leaving; damaged d.left; damaging 8.the food, ____________good, was soon sold out when it was taken to the market. a. tasted b. being tasted c. tasting d. having tasted 9.walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work_______, we refused his offer. a. not finishing b. had not been finished c. not having finished d. not finished 10.with too many construction projects_________all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot. a.sucking b. to suck c. being sucked d. being sucking 11.tim bemers-lee is generally considered _________ the world wide web, on which all the information is shared by all. a. to have founded b. having founded c. founding d. to found 12.on the bank of the river, we found him ______ on a beach, with his eyes _______ on a kite in the sky. a. seated; fixing b. sitting; fixing c. seated; being fixed d. sitting; fixed 13.tigers _____ meat-eating animals _____ meats. a. belonged to; feed on b. belonging to; feed on c. were belonged to; are fed on d. belonging to; are fed on 14.______ for the serious accident, the present of shanxi province had to resign. a. to blame b. blaming c. being to blame d. to be blamed 15.with some books he needed _________ , he went into the bookstore quickly. a. to buy b. bought c. to be bought d. buying 16.after the shenzhou vi capsule(太空舱 )touched down, two astronauts succeeded in traveling around the earth, thus again __________ china is a global space power. a. proving b. to prove c. to have proved d. being proved 17.there was a nice little gift for everyone,with a suitable poem _______ to it. a. attached b. to be attaching c. to attach d. attaching 18.____ by his parents for long, john feels sad in the heart though he appears _______ bothered about it. a. being ignored; not to be b. to be ignored; to have not been c. ignored; not to be d. ignoring; not being 19.we are _______ to talk loudly in the dormitory when others are taking a noon-break.本文地址：
发布时间：2017-05-05
a. supposed b. supposing c. not supposed d .not supposing 20.the latest survey, _________by www.qq.com, found more than 12 percent of teenagers want to work as pilots. a.to be carried out b.being carried out c.carried out d.having been carried out 21.the construction of an economic zone to the west coast of the taiwan straits, _____ at present, will surely stimulate (刺激)the declining economy on both sides of the straits. a.to be discussed b.being discussed c.discussed d.discussing 22.the young man sat back in his sofa, ______ with what he had worked out to do with the remaining work. a. having satisfied b. being satisfied c. to be satisfied d. satisfied 23.anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _____ to the outside world. a. having been lost b. to be lost c. losing d. lost 24.—the police have caught the murderer. —yes, but he refused to admit ________ his wife on a rainy night seven years ago. a. to kill b. to have killed c. having killed d. have been killing 25. ________to train his daughter in english, he put an ad like this in the paper, “_________,an english teacher for a ten-year-old girl.” a. determined; wanted b. determined; wanting c. determine; wanted d. determining; wanting 26.—lucy doesn’t seem to be what she was. —no. _________so much in the war has made her more thoughtful. a. seen b. her seeing c. having seen d. to have seen 27. twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. a. examining b. examined c. being examined d. having been examined 28.we hope the building project_________will be completed as soon as possible because a lot of citizens are complaining about the noises. a. to be carried out b. carried out c. being carried out d. carrying out 29.a new teachnique_________the yields as a whole increased by about 30 percent. a.had applied b.having applied c.to have applied d.having been applied 30.the long lasting war, ______ with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______ no result. a.filling;reached b.filled;to reach c.filling;would reach d.filled;reaching 31.the two old sisters，_______ so long，held each other and burst into tears. a.being separated b.having been separated c.having separated d.had been separated 32. some people against toll booths (收费站) argue that roads, once ___________, should be free. a. building b. built c. having built d. being built本文地址：
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33.something extraordinary happened in that hospital. a man, ________clinically dead, suddenly came to life. a. declaring b. being declared c. declared d. having declared 34. _________your receipt to the customer service department and they will pay the money back to you. a.having brought b.bring c.bringing d.to bring 35. ____it with me should be a good choice. trust me. a.when left b. leaving c. if you leave d. leave 36. i really can' t understand _________her like that. a. you treat b. you to treat c. why treat d. you treating 37. _____ what he can do. he might get a job tomorrow. he might stay out of work for weeks. a.we didn’t know b.he doesn’t know c.there is no knowing d.it was known that 38.there are a lot of students in the reading room, most of_________with their eyes_________on and their heads bent over their books. a.whom; fixing b.them; fixed c.whom; fixed d.them; fixing 39.the boy i considered ______ cheated in the last exam. a. to be honest b. that is honest c. was honest d. being honest 40.though a typhoon is on the way, people are still looking forward _________ the outdoor concert by the pop singer. a. to canceling b. not to canceling c. not to cancel d. to not canceling 【参考答案】 1-5cbbba 6-10accda 11-15adbca 16-20aaccc 21-25bddca 26-30bccdd 31-35bbcbb 36-40dcbad本文链接:
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