一 : 2016届高考英语复习知识点
高三学生如何做好短文改错题
短文改错是十多年来高考英语试题第二卷中的一种试题，分值15分。它也是广大考生失分较多的一道题。本题宗旨是测试考生发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力，包括考生的词法（词形、搭配）句法及语篇结构等方面的知识。
试题采用大约100词的短文，分成10行排列，每行设计一小题（有时多一两行，但不设题）。考生首先要判定各行有没有错，没有错的打勾，每篇中必定有一个对的。如有错，则按照题目要求及错误的形式打上相应的符号，并纠正错误，写出自己认为正确的词。错误的形式分别为缺词、多词和错词。
此题覆盖知识面广，而且试题比较灵活，要求考生具备比较扎实的基本功，应该在短文要表达的意思的前提下，找出并改正文中的错误。这说到底是考勤查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法、语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平。换句话说，就是检查我们的词、句篇和语法的综合水平。所以说，这是一种比较全面的考查，我们在平时的学习中就要注意到词不离句、句不离篇，要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法的培养。
现就XX年至XX年高考考试卷中的改错内容归纳统计如下：
年份 题量 错词 缺词 多词 正确
XX 10 时态2，关系代词1，名词复数1，形容词1，动词ing形式1 介词2 形容词1 1
XX 10 时态1，名词单复数1，动名词1，动词单复数1，名词1，代词1 介词1
冠词1 介词1 1
XX 10 副词1，介词1，代词1，时态2，动名词1 介词1 形容词1
助动词1 1
XX 10 名词1，连词2，介词1，时态1，系动词1 代词1 冠词1
副词1 1
XX 10 时态1，名词2，冠词1，介词1，副词 不定式1 介词2 1
XX 10 形容词12，代词2，关系1，副词1 不定式1 介词2 1
由上表看出，本题型命题趋于稳定合理，试题难度逐年减小，但信息量更大、更灵活，缺词、多词本本稳定在2-4题，错词比例较大，一般都保持在7题上下，正确项一般只有一个。
综上所述，短文改错的题型特点可概括为：
1、所选文章大都以说明文、记叙文为主。
2、错误常见的有三种：多词、少词和错词，其中错词较多。
3、集阅读理解能力与综合运用知识于一体，全面考查学生对英语单词、语法知识、习惯用法以交际语言运用能力。
要想做好短文改错，应根据其特点和规律，掌握一定的解题方法和技巧。
此类题的作答要求是严格的，操作也是复杂的，作答时一定要讲究规范化、准确性。改短文改错，应先对每一行（不一定是一个句子），作出判断是对还是错。如果对，在该行右对的横线上划一个勾；如果有错误（每行不会多于一个），则按不同的情况改错如下：
（1）此行多一词，把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉，并在该行右边的横线上写上该词，再用余线划掉。
（2）此行缺一词，在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ），在该行右边横线上写上该加的词。
（3）此行错一词，在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
2、明确考试目标，逐项对号入座。
短文改错是集多项法规则和多种语言技能于一身的综合性试题。在篇幅约为120个词的短文中，任何错误都可能会随时出现。我们在答题时若销有疏或考虑不周，就会失分。但就文章本身而言，其难度并不大，错误也不是很难辨认。只要我们的语言基本功扎实。诸如从词语搭配，用词的准确性到对词法、句法的掌握，以及对语篇中的行文逻辑的理解，加上平时有针对性的训练，便能逐步形成发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力。明确考试目标，逐项对号入座是指照题目指导语的要求及错误的形式在试卷中打上相应的符号，并纠正错误，写出自己认为正确的改法。下面分别按缺词、漏词和错误的设置方法来帮助同学们理解该项试题。
（1）缺词，从近年来考试情况看，缺词多见于虚词，如介词、助动词、冠词不定式符号to 等，而这些虚词常与搭配有关，同学们应从以下几点寻找突破口。
1名词前是否则漏掉了冠词。
2某些动词或形容词后是否少了在表达该句意思应该与其形成搭配的介词或其它词。
3被动语态中的结构是否完整。
4动词不定式是否少了to。
5习惯用语中的单词是否短缺。
除此之外，漏词现象还可能会出现在其它地方，也就是说，所缺的词并非上面所提到的，但少了它将会使结构或意思不完整。
(2)多词，这恰恰是与缺词相反，即不该有的词出现在句中，多词的情况也常常出现在句子结构中，如代词、冠词、介词、助动词；不定式符合to、比较级的叠用，考生查以从以下几点寻找突破口。
1不可数名词或抽象名词前是否多了寇词；复数名词表示类别时，前面是否也多了定冠词。
2及物动词后面是否多了介词或其它词。
3比较级是否出现重叠使用的情况。
4固定搭配和习惯用法中是否多词。
以上四点，只需要同不这样根据某些语法牲来判断，属于较低难度的试题。而有些试题则需我们纵观全句，抓住全句的意思，弄清语言结构，才能最后判断出多余的词。
（3）错词，这是一个比较复杂的问题，类型多，难以列举详尽。同学们在平时的英语写作中容易犯的错误，几乎都可能成为改错的内容。它包括冠词的用法、名词的数和格、动词的时态和语态、介词、连词、形容词和副词的级、习惯用法、上下文的逻辑关系、用词的准确性等。这就是要求同学们运用所学的知识，对症下药，借助于经验和语感，作出正确的判断。
3、通语全文，弄清在大意
首先把全文浏览一遍，了解全文大意，留心短文中关键的词语，为下一步判断和改错奠定基础。
短文改错，每行不会超过一个错误，有的同学似乎认为弄清主旨，意义不大，因而只把注意力放在语法和单词上，忽视了对文章大意的理解。看到了自己认为“错误”的地方，就急于提笔改动，结果只见树木不见森林，旧错没改犯新错。同学们必须明确，在很多情况下，判断错误不能只从某个单词的本身，甚至不能从整个句子的本身去看，而要从上下文，甚至从整篇文章去看。只有通晓全文的结构，即从整体到局部，再从局部到整体，才能在最后作出判断：此行是否有错误，如果有错误是缺词、多词，还是错词，如果是错词属哪方面，是语法错误、逻辑错误还是其它错误？
4、对照上下文，分析句意
弄清清上下文之间的联系及其逻辑关系，逐行逐句检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，是否有与短文的中心意思不相符的现象。
5、根据词法、句法知识，检查和判断错误所在，这是最关键的一步。可逐句检查主谓是否一致，代词、关联词的使用是正确，动词形式是相当，词语之间的xx配是否正确，表达是否惯用法。大小写和拼写是否正确等。
6、根据不同的错误，分别进行解题。大小写和拼写是否正确等。
7、仔细推敲，切忌画蛇添足
众所周知，一种意思可以用多种语言形式来表达，英语也不例外。这就要求我们，尤其是英语基础好的同学牢牢记往指导语中“原行没错的，请不要改”这一关键注释；千万不要用自认为比原文更好的表达法来改正文中本来没有任何错误的句子，这一现象曾在历年的高考中出现过。
8、复读全文，验证答案
将初次改错后的短文再次读，检查并验证所做的答案是否能使全文语气贯通、流畅，行文逻辑发展是否合乎情理，全篇结构是否严谨完整等。复读过程中，凡遇到不能之处，须进一步进行细致的推敲，以便使答案更有把握。
总之，只要我们掌握了正确的语言规则和答题技巧，用正确的语言武装自己，这样，文章出现的任何错误都难逃出你的“火眼金睛”。
二 : 六年级英语复习需注意的几点及知识复习要点
六年级英语复习需注意的几点 及 知识复习要点三 : 中考英语中考单词拼写及句子翻译专题知识点复习
XX年英语中考二轮专题四 单词拼写 句子翻译
单词拼写
（一）
1. _______（九月）10th is the teachers' day.
2. can you tell me the_______（高度）of the mount huangshan?
3. the old man's sudden_______（死亡）made all his children very sad.
4. in this book, you will find out how to_______（解决）these difficult problems.
5. he'd rather play computer games than_______（慢跑）along the road.
6. you should make a_______（决定）whether to go or to stay right now.
7. anna was sick of her brother's annoying_______（举止）．
8. [XX．苏州]do you know the difference_______（在……之间）“beside" and "besides"？
9. some boys ran out of the classroom_______（吵闹的）after class.
10. we should take action to protect the_______（濒临灭绝的）giant pandas.
（二）
1. the earth is becoming more and more_______（拥挤）．
2. if you live in a new city without friends, you can be very_______（孤独）．
3. millie will go to england for further_______（教育）after she leaves college this summer.
4. zhang ziyi is one of the most famous_______（演员）in the world.
5. it takes mars about two years to revolve_______（完全地）around the sun.
6. [XX．连云港]-i am worried i’m getting fatter.
-you should eat_______（少）food and do more exercise.
7．[XX．苏州]it's my cousin's_______（第二十三个）birthday next week.
8. this is the_______（吵闹）song that i have ever heard.
9．[XX．南通]frank loves playing basketball and practises_______（两次）a week..
10. what an_______（激动的）result! our team won the game at last.
（三）
1. the doctor told me to be_______（放松）and have a good rest for a few days.
2. my cousin has a_______（习惯）of keeping his eyes closed when he listens to music.
3.yang zhenning is one of the greatest chinese_______（科学家）in the world today.
4. we need some yogurt, two_______（西红柿）and some honey to make the salad.
5. each colour on the world map_______（代表）a different country.
6. this kind of sunglasses will be the most_______（时髦的）in the shop this summer.
7. all of us were excited at his_______（到达）．
8. [XX．苏州] would you like to_______（分享）your experiences with us?
9. look! some fish are dead. the water in the river must be_______（污染）．
10. my mother often cooks_______（美味的）food at weekends.
（四）
1. [XX．苏州]_______（实际上），we still have a lot to learn.
2. do you know the_______（重要）of saving water?
3. this t-shirt makes him feel_______（不舒适）．
4. mr wang left_______（生气）without saying anything.
5. the doctor often_______（建议）me to take more exercise.
6. because of his_______（警告）, 1 was careful.
7. [XX．苏州]this book is of great______________（价值）to beginners.
8. we should drive very slowly on_______（雾）days.
9. yesterday the temperature_______（下降）a little and we felt cold.
10. we think that she has all the_______（特性）to be our monitor.
句子翻译
（一）
1.一直往前走，在第二个路口右转。
______________________________________________________________________
2．李先生太忙，不能来看比赛了。
______________________________________________________________________
3．在地图上很容易找到我们学校。
______________________________________________________________________
4．他们尽力想逃跑。
______________________________________________________________________
5．我们别无选择，只能放弃旅行计划。
______________________________________________________________________
（二）
1．你们中多少人去过法国旅行？
______________________________________________________________________
2．你父亲给了你什么作为生日礼物？
______________________________________________________________________
3．没有人能确保通过这次考试。
______________________________________________________________________
4．房间里一定很冷，因为她在发抖。
______________________________________________________________________
5．[XX．苏州]我们的作业必须准时交。
______________________________________________________________________
（三）
1．现在这个地方已经变成公园了。
______________________________________________________________________
2．他已经结婚20年了。
______________________________________________________________________
3．[XX．苏州]我希望将来当一名像她一样的老师。
______________________________________________________________________
4．她声音太小，没人能听见。
______________________________________________________________________
5．昨天妈妈在洗衣服时，我在听音乐。
______________________________________________________________________
（四）
1．自从去年以来我就没有给他写过信。
______________________________________________________________________
2．在他们随着音乐跳舞时，我们都在鼓掌。
______________________________________________________________________
3．[XX．苏州]我们新来的英语老师年轻、漂亮、有耐心。
______________________________________________________________________
4．这些漂亮的发卡非常配她的衬衫。
______________________________________________________________________
5．他们的衣服五彩缤纷，以至于我不停地拍照片。
______________________________________________________________________
（五）
1．[XX．苏州]她要求我们每天至少花一小时学习英语。
______________________________________________________________________
2．飞机起飞的时候噪音很可怕。
______________________________________________________________________
3．他时不时地感到孤独。
______________________________________________________________________
4．表演者都穿着不同的戏服。
______________________________________________________________________
5．她课上得好，课后经常给我们很多帮助。
______________________________________________________________________
（六）
1．必须采取措施使地球免受污染。
______________________________________________________________________
2．三年前语文是由王老师教的。
______________________________________________________________________
3．我们的城市发生了很大的变化。
______________________________________________________________________
4．我认为上周末他们过得不愉快。
______________________________________________________________________
5．他从车上摔下，并受了伤。
______________________________________________________________________
（七）
1．那个博物馆是8年前建造的。
______________________________________________________________________
2．学生们正在打扫教室，是吗？
______________________________________________________________________
3．你知道你爷爷多大年纪吗？
______________________________________________________________________
4．下星期将有一场精彩的足球比赛。
______________________________________________________________________
5．---格林先生来这所学校有多久了？
---3年半了。
______________________________________________________________________
参考答案
单词拼写
(一)
l. september 2.height 3.death 4.solve 5.jog
6. decision 7. behaviour 8. between 9. noisily 10. endangered
(二)
l. crowded 2.lonely 3.education 4.actresses 5.completely
6. less 7. twenty-third 8. noisiest 9. twice 10. exciting
(三)
1. relaxed 2. habit 3. scientists 4. tomatoes 5. represents
6. fashionable 7. arrival 8. share 9. polluted 10. delicious
(四)
1. actually 2. importance 3. uricomfortable 4. angrily 5. advises
6.warrung 7.value 8.foggy 9.dropped 10. qualities
句子翻译
(一)
1. walk straight on, and turn right at the second turning. (或 take the second turning on the right.)
2. mr. li is too busy to come and watch the game.
3. it is very easy to find our school on the map.
4. they tried their best to run away.
5. we had/have no choice but to give up the travel plan/the plan for the trip.
(二)
1. how many of you have traveled to france?
2. what did your father give you as the birthday present?
3. nobody is sure to pass the exam.
4. it must be cold in the room for she is shaking.
5. our homework must be handed in on time.
(三)
1. now the place has turned into a park.
2. he has been married for 20 years.
3. i hope to be a teacher like her in the future.
4. her voice is so low that nobody can hear her.
5. i was listening to music while mother was doing some washing yesterday.
(四)
1. i haven’t written to him since last year.
2. we were clapping while they were dancing to the music.
3. our new english teacher is young, beautiful and patient.
4. the fancy hair clips match well with her blouse.
5. their clothes were so colorful that i couldn't stop taking photos.
(五)
1. she asks us to spend at least an hour a day leaning english.
2. the noise was terrible when the plane took off. .
3. he feels lonely from time to time.
4. the performers wore different costumes.
5. she teaches well and often gives us a lot of help after class. '
(六)
1. something must be done to prevent the earth from being polluted.
2. chinese was taught by miss wang three years ago./miss wang taught us chinese three years ago.
3. great changes have taken place in our city.
4. i don't think they enjoyed themselves last weekend.
5. he fell off the bike and hurt himself.
(七)
1. that museum was built eight years ago.
2. the students are cleaning the classroom, aren't they?
3. do you know how old your grandpa is?
4. there's going to be a wonderful football match next week.
(或 there'll be a wonderful football match next week.)
5. - how long has mr. green been at this school?
- for three and a half years(或 for three years and a half).
四 : 2016年中考英语语法反意疑问句考点知识复习
反意疑问句
反意疑问句是由两部分组成的，前一部分是对事物的陈述（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（即简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开。
如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用yes或no来表示。
一、含be(is, are, was, were)动词的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1:主语+ be+其它，isn’t(aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t)+ 主语?
句型2:主语+ be not+其它，is(are, was, were) + 主语?
① you are from america, aren’t you? yes, i am. no, i’m not .
② it isn’t very cold today, is it? yes, it is. no, it isn’t.
③ tom was away yesterday, wasn’t he? yes, he was. no, he wasn’t.
④ the green weren’t at home last night, were they?
yes, they were. no, they weren’t.
⑤ mary is reading english now, isn’t she? yes, she is. no, she isn’t.
⑥ your parents aren’t going to have a party this sunday, are they?
yes, they are. no, they aren’t.
⑦ the girls were singing when the teacher came in, weren’t they?
yes, they were. no, they weren’t.
注意：there be句型
① there is an old picture on the wall, isn’t there?
yes, there is. no, there isn’t.
② there aren’t any children in the room, are there?
yes, there are. no, there aren’t.
③ there wasn’t a telephone call for me, was there?
yes, there was. no, there wasn’t.
④ there were enough people to pick apples, weren’t there?
yes, there were. no there weren’t.
二、行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+动词原形+其它，don’t i(you, we, they)?
句型2: 主语+ don’t+动词原形+其它，do i(you, we, they)?
句型3: 主语+动词第三人称单数+其它，doesn’t he(she, it)?
句型4: 主语+ doesn’t+动词原形+其它，does he(she, it)?
① you often watch tv in the evening, don’t you? yes, i do. no, i don’t.
② the students don’t study hard, do they? yes, they do. no, they don’t.
③ mary studies chinese hard, doesn’t she? yes, she does. no, she doesn’t.
④ the boy doesn’t often go to school by bike, does he?
yes, he does. no, he doesn’t.
⑤ the first class begins at eight, doesn’t it? yes, it does. no, it doesn’t.
三、 行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+动词过去式+其它，didn’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它，did +主语?
① you watched tv last night, didn’t you? yes, i did. no, i didn’t.
② jim’s parents didn’t go to hong kong last month, did they?
yes, they did. no, they didn’t.
③ the rain stopped, didn’t it? yes, it did. no, it didn’t.
④ mr. clarke didn’t buy a car, didn’t he? yes, he did. no, he didn’t.
四、一般将来时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+will+动词原形+其它，won’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+ won’t +动词原形+其它，will +主语?
① the boys will play games, won’t they? yes, they will. no, they won’t.
② it won’t stop raining, will it? yes, it will. no, it won’t.
③ mr. smith will visit our school next week, won’t he? yes, he will. no, he won’t.
注意：there be句型的一般将来时
① there will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t there?
yes, there will. no, there won’t.
② there won’t be too much pollution in the future, will there?
yes, there will. no, there won’t.
五、现在完成时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+have+动词过去分词+其它，haven’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+ haven’t +动词过去分词+其它，have +主语?
句型3: 主语+has+动词过去分词+其它，hasn’t+主语?
句型4: 主语+ hasn’t +动词过去分词+其它，has +主语?
① you have been to shanghai before, haven’t you? yes i have. no, i haven’t.
② you haven’t been to shanghai before, have you? yes i have. no, i haven’t.
③ jack has done his homework, hasn’t he? yes, he has. no, he hasn’t.
④ jack hasn’t done his homework, has he? yes, he has. no, he hasn’t.
六、现在完成进行时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+have been+动词现在分词+其它，haven’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+ haven’t been +动词现在分词+其它，have +主语?
句型3: 主语+has been +动词现在分词+其它，hasn’t+主语?
句型4: 主语+ hasn’t been +动词现在分词+其它，has +主语?
① you have been skating for five hours, haven’t you? yes, i have. no, i haven’t.
② you haven’t been skating for five hours, have you? yes, i have. no, i haven’t.
③ bob has been collecting kites since 1999, hasn’t he? yes, he has. no, he hasn’t.
④ bob hasn’t been collecting kites since 1999, has he? yes, he has. no, he hasn’t.
七、含有情态动词的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+情态动词+动词原形+其它，情态动词否定形式+主语?
句型2: 主语+情态动词否定形式+动词原形+其它，情态动词+主语?
① you can speak french, can’t you? yes, i can. no, i can’t.
② they can’t understand me, can they? yes, they can. no, they can’t.
③ ann could swim when she was six, couldn’t she? yes, she could. no, she couldn’t.
④ the students must study hard, mustn’t they? yes, they must. no, they needn’t.
注意：you must go home now, needn’t you? yes, i must. no, i needn’t.
★ 值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），
而是用上了“never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody”等词，这时该陈述句也属于否定句，因此，反意疑问句的后半部分应用肯定疑问式。
① you have never been to beijing, have you? yes, i have. no, i haven’t.
② mr. fat has few friends here, does he? yes, he does. no, he doesn’t.
③ there is little milk in the bottle, is there? yes, there is. no, there isn’t.
④ he could do nothing, could he? yes, he could. no, he couldn’t.
八、祈使句用于反意疑问句中
这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。回答也较灵活。
句型1: let me+动词原形+其它，shall i?
let me open the door, shall i?
yes, please. no, thanks.
句型2: let’s+动词原形+其它，shall we?
let’s go for a walk, shall we? good idea! sorry, i can’t.
句型3: 其它形式的祈使句，will you?
come into the classroom, will you? ok.
反意疑问句综述
反意疑问句提出情况或看法，问对方同不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句。
1．一般情况下，如陈述句中含有助动词、情态动词或系动词be, 则在附加疑问句中应重复此助动词、情态动词或系动词be, 问句中的主语应与前面陈述句的主语同指一个(些)人或物。如：
he has finished his homework, hasn’t he?
she can’t swim, can she?
mary is a college student, isn’t she?
2．如陈述句部分中谓语动词仅为实义动词。则应借助于助动词do 的适当形式引导问句。附加疑问句部分的主语与陈述句的主语一致。如：
you went home yesterday, didn’t you?
he likes playing basketball, doesn’t he?
3．如陈述句部分是 i 引导的主系表结构组成，附加疑问句部分的主语仍用第一人称单数，但谓语动词应用are的某种形式，一般不用am。如：
i’m a teacher, aren’t i / ain’t i?
4．若陈述句部分为祈使句，则附加疑问句部分中用will you 或 won’t you。如：
be quick, won’t you / will you?
let us have a rest, will you / won’t you?
但如陈述句部分为否定祈使句，附加疑问句部分用will you。如：
don’t smoke here, will you?
don’t make so mush noise, will you?
如果陈述句部分为let’s 开头的祈使句，附加疑问句部分用“shall we?”。如：
let’s stop here, shall we?
5．如陈述句部分含有hardly, seldom, never, little, few, never等否定意义的词时，附加疑问句部分要用肯定形式。如：
he hardly raised his head, did he?
she is never here on time, is she？
6．如陈述句部分的主语为nothing, nobody, none, no one 等含有否定意义的不定代词时，附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。如：
nothing has happened, has it?
no one knows about it, does he?
7．如陈述句部分的主语为表示物的不定代词everything, something, nothing, anything等时，附加疑问句部分主语应是it。如：
nothing has been taken away, has it?
everything is right, isn’t it?
8．陈述句部分的主语为表示人的不定代词no one, someone, nobody, everyone, anybody, anyone等时，附加疑问句部分主语用they 或 he。如：
everybody knows how to do it, don’t they/ doesn’t he?
nobody was there, wasn’t he / weren’t they?
9．如陈述句部分的谓动词或表语是通过加前缀构成的否定词，附加疑问句部分用否定形式。如：
he is unfit for the job, isn’t he?
they discovered the secret, didn’t they?
it is unnecessary to write down all the words and phrases, isn’t it?
10.陈述句部分的主语是“none+of+ n.”, 附加疑问句部分的谓语在人称和数上应和这个名词保持一致。如：
none of the students went there, did they?
none of the dish smells good, does it?
11. 陈述句部分是一个复合句，附加疑问句部分的主语谓语在人称和数上一般与主句保持一致。如：
he said he would help me, didn’t he?
you promised that you would do me a favour, didn’t you?
12．在复合句中，如果主句的主语是i，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等时,附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语应和从句保持一致。当主句或从句中出现否定词时，则附加疑问句部分一律用肯定形式。如：
i don’t think you are right, are you?
i believe he will come today, won’t he?
i suppose you know him, don’t you?
13．陈述句部分的谓语动词是wish，附加疑问句部分应用“may+主语”。如：
i wish to go there tomorrow, may i?
i wish to have a word w ith you, may i?
14．陈述句部分是there be 句型时，附加疑问句部分主语用“be there”的适当形式。 如：
there are a lot of students in the hall, aren’t there?
there won’t be any trouble, will there?
there is something wrong, isn’t there?
15．陈述句部分的主语为this 或that，附加疑问句部分的主语用代词it；如果是these 或those，用they。如：
this is a desk, isn’t it?
these are books, aren’t they?
16．当动词不定式、动名词短语、从句作主语时，附加疑问句部分主语用it，谓语动词由陈述句部分决定。如：
to see is to believe, isn’t it?
what he said is true, isn’t it?
where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?
learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?
17．如果陈述句部分由两个或以上的并列句组成，则附加疑问句部分的主谓语应和最后一个分句保持一致。如： he studies hard and he is the best one in his class, isn’t he?
he got up late, and he didn’t arrive on time, did he?
he has been wr iting letters all afternoon, and he should be finished, shouldn’t he?
18．当陈述句部分含有情态动词must，且表示推测意义“一定”、“想必”时，附加疑问句部分不能用must，而应根据陈述句部分的不定式结构采用相应的主动词或助动词。
(1) must be, must be doing 的反意问句用be not 的简略式。如：
he must be your friend, isn’t he?
they must be huntin g in the mountains, aren’t they?
(2) must +have done (been) 时，若动作在过去发生，用didn’t / wasn’t / weren’t；若动作延续但现在或已经完成，则用haven’t/ hasn’t。如：
he must have been a schoolboy when the war broke out, wasn’t he?
he must have joined the army when he left home, didn’t he?
charlie must have worked here for 12 years, hasn’t he?
it’s one o’clock in the afternoon. they must have had lunch, haven’t they?
(3) must+动词原型（be,have除外)，用do / does / did not 的简略式，若must 后接表示 “有”的意思的have，则用have / has / had not 或 do / did/ dose not皆可。如：
he must feel terrible, doesn’t he?
you must have a lot of jewels, haven’t / don’t you?
19．当陈述句部分的must 表示“必须”时，附加疑问句部分用mustn’t; must 表示“有 必要”时，附加疑问句部分用needn’t；mustn’t 表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分一般用must,有时用may。如：
you must work hard next term, mustn’t you?
i must answer the letter, mustn’t it?
you must go back right now, needn’t you?
you mustn’t walk on grass, must you?
20．当陈述句部分含有情态动词ought to 时，附加疑问句部分可以用oughtn’t ( in british english)，也可以用shouldn’t(in american english)。如：
you ought to go there, oughtn’t you / shouldn’t you?
21．当陈述句部分含有情态动词need，dare 时，如果need, dare 为情态动词，则附加疑问句部分应重复此动词；如果是实意动词时，则要借助助动词do。如：
you dare to swim in the sea, don’t you?
he needn’t say sorry to me, need he?
22．当陈述句部分的谓语动词是have 时,附加疑问句部分应视不同情况采用不同形式。
(1) have意为“有”时，附加疑问句部分采用have或do 的形式。如：
she has two children, hasn’t she?/doesn’t she?
she doesn’t have a new bike, does she?
(2) 其他情况下，则应借助于do。如：
they had a meeting here yesterday, didn’t they?
23．陈述句部分以代词one 作主语时，附加疑问句部分在正式场合用one，非正式的用you。如：
one can’t be too careful, can one (canyou )?
24．陈述句部分用had better结构时，附加疑问句部分用had。如：
you had better finish the experiment, hadn’t you?
25. 陈述句部分用have to do sth. 结构时,附加疑问句部分借助于助动词do的适当形式。 如：
i have to do the work now, don’t i?
she had to give up the plan, didn’tshe?
we have to finish th e compositio n in class, don’t we?
26.当陈述句部分用used to 时，附加疑问句部分用used to形式或did形式。如：
he used to have a walk after supper, usedn’t he / didn’t he?
27．陈述句部分是感叹句时，附加疑问句部分应用否定形式，其主语取决于表示感叹的对象采用相应的代词，且用动词be的现在时。如：
what a lovely day, isn’t it?
what colours, aren’t they?
what a stupid boy, isn’t he?
how delighted, isn’t he?
28．陈述句部分用neither...nor...，either...or...并列主语时，附加疑问句部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。如：
neither you nor i am an engineer, are we?
neither you or he studies politics, don’t they?
29．当对某人的话表示怀疑或讽刺时，用简略的形式重复对方的话，然后再加上反意问句，陈述句部分和附加疑问句部分的形式应取得一致，要么都肯定，要么都否定。如：
jack: tom told me he saw a snake last night.
mary: he did , did he?
30．陈述句部分有语气词so, ah, oh等时,附加疑问句部分与陈述句部分应该同为肯定或否定，这类反意问句往往带有感情色彩。 如：
so you are a student, are you?
so she can’t swim, can’t she?
反意疑问句的特殊情况如下：
1) 陈述部分的主语是i，疑问部分要用 aren”t i.
i”m as tall as your sister，aren”t i?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
i wish to have a word with you, may i?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 the swede made no answer, did he / she?
some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn”t / oughtn”t +主语。
he ought to know what to do, oughtn”t he? / shouldn”t he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don”t +主语（didn”t +主语）。
we have to get there at eight tomorrow, don”t we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn”t +主语或 usedn”t +主语。
he used to take pictures there, didn”t he? / usedn”t he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn”t you?
you”d better read it by yourself, hadn”t you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn”t +主语。
he would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn”t he?
9) 陈述部分有you”d like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn”t +主语。
you”d like to go with me, wouldn”t you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
he must be a doctor, isn”t he?
you must have studied english for three years, haven”t you? / didn”t you?
he must have finished it yesterday, didn”t he?
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
what colours, aren”t they?
what a smell, isn”t it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
neither you nor i am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
everything is ready, isn”t it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
mr. smith had been to bei jing for several times, he should have been in china now, shouldn”t he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
he is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
he said he wanted to visit japan, didn”t he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
i don”t think he is bright, is he?
we believe she can do it better, can”t she?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
everyone knows the answer, don”t they? (do es he?)
nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
we need not do it again, need we ?
he dare not say so, dare you?
当da re, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
she doesn”t dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
don”t do that again, will you?
go with me, will you / won”t you ?
注意： let”s 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
let”s go and listen to the music, shall we?
let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
there is something wrong with your watch, isn”t there?
there will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
it is impossible, isn”t it? he is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20) must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问 句。
he must be there now, isn”t he? it must be going to rain tomorrow, won”t it?
五 : 中考英语中考动词及动词短语专题知识点复习
中考英语语法分类总复习
------动词及动词短语
a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.do you mind if i ＿＿＿＿＿＿with my work while you are getting tea ready?
a.carry out b.come on c.carry on d.go over
2.old memories are often ＿＿＿＿ when you hear a particular song or a piece of music.
a.called in b.called on c.called out d.called up
3.—— that’s a lovely dress.
—— do you think so? my aunt gave it to me for my birthday, but i don’t ＿＿the color.
a.interest in b.care for c.please with d.fond of
4.the folk song concert was so well ＿＿＿＿that all the tickets had been sold out on the first day.
a.accepted b.recognized c.received d.promised
5.the college is planning to offer more english courses to ＿＿＿the needs of beginners of english.
a.meet with b.meet c.supply d.satisfy with
6.he looked through as many daily newspapers as he could to ＿＿＿＿＿＿ what they said about his latest book.
a.hear of b.see to c.look up d.find out
7.nowadays too many people are＿＿their eyes ＿＿trade.
a.turning ...on b.fixing ...to c.turning ...to d.fixed ...on
8.we had a good many anxious mom but everything ＿＿all right in the end.
a.turned down b.turned on c.turned out d.turned to
9.twenty people were expected, but only ten ＿＿＿＿＿＿.
a.turned round b.turned up c.turned out d.turned to
10.some eighty years ago three-quarters of american production ＿＿＿＿family farms or from business employing fewer than six people.
a.made from b.kept from c.got from d.came from
11.the period ＿＿＿＿dance classes increases gradually from two or three hours a day to five or six.
a.referred to b.kept to c.got to d.given to
12.—— what did she ＿＿＿＿so much money?
—— nothing but a necklace made of glass.
a.spend on b.pay for c.buy for d.sell to
13.if we ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, we can realize the progress we have made.
a.turn back b.look back c.answer back d.move back
14.after the meeting, i ＿＿＿＿to write a report on our next term’s work.
a.set about b.made off with c.set out d.set off
15.if you do not feel well, you should not ＿＿＿＿going to see the doctor.?
a.pick out b.give off c.put off d.make out
16.we must ＿＿＿＿that our customs and habits aredifferent from theirs.
a.keep in mind b.keep up with c.keep in touch d.keep to ourselves
17.i think the car will ＿＿＿ till we get to the village.
a.extend out b.go in for c.hold out d.hold up
18.the museum is ＿＿＿in a park surrounded by a number of impressive buildings.
a.blocked b.based c.occupied d.located
19.a good writer must ＿＿what he writes with what has happened around him.
a.connect b.think c.join d.know
20.the gentleman does not ＿＿＿＿the argument but watches the other guests.
a.drop in b.fill in c.put in d.join in
21.teaching a pronunciation class to a mixed group of learners can ＿＿ a teacher with many challenging problems.
a.provide b.produce c.present d.offer
22.we want our children to know that hard work＿＿＿＿＿.
a.comes off b.gives off c.pays off d.sees off
23.we can’t wait.we have to ＿＿＿＿the direction and the distance before we take action.
a.make out b.figure out c.think out d.turn out
24.it＿＿＿＿to look after these naughty grandchildren of mine for a whole day.
a.put me down b.drives me out c.wears me out d.pulls me through
25.we’ d better try to ＿＿＿＿with the experiment, i think.now let’ s ＿＿＿
with it.
a.go through； go on b.go on； go over
c.go over ； go through d.go on； go through
26.the host stood at the door and ＿＿＿＿＿＿ every guest a welcome.
a.nodded b.dropped off c.shook d.moved
27.no one knows when xo was first discovered, or how it ＿＿＿to be such a popular drink.
a.went b.came c.got d.became
28.the party central committee ＿＿＿＿the chinese people to work hard for the economic development.
a.calls on b.calls up c.calls out d.calls for
29.we always ＿＿＿＿we have said.
a.lead to what b.see to what c.get to what d.hold to what
30.don’ t forget to ＿＿＿＿your things after you have finished your homework .
a.set aside b.put away c.take away d.put into
31.the actor was so interesting that he＿＿＿us laughing all the time when wewere chatting.
a.made b.keep c.had d.let
32.i can’t find my watch.i must have ＿＿＿＿it in the hotel.
a.lost b.missed c.left d.forgot
33.all of us still remember the terrible earthquake that＿＿＿＿tangshan twenty years ago.
a.attacked b.struck c.knocked d.exploded
34.being much too fat, the lady was advised to reduce her food for each meal, yet she would ＿＿＿that.
a.have none of b.accept c.take care of d.listen to
35.as director of the company, i can’ t ＿＿＿three weeks away from work.
a.carry b.cost c.afford d.pay
36.when i entered his room, i found him ＿＿＿＿an armchair, deep in thought.
a.sitting on b.sit in c.seated on d.seated in
37.the good service at the hotel ＿＿＿the poor food to some degree.
a.made up for b.saved up for c.took the place of d.turn out
38.his strength had almost ＿＿when they found him in the desert.
a.given out b.given in c.given up d.given off
39.—— your tie looks smart.it ＿＿＿with your shirt perfectly.
—— thanks.i’m glad you like it.
a.matches b.meets c.agrees d.goes
40.anything that is dropped＿＿towards the centre of the earth.
a.fall b.falls c.has fallen d.is falling
41.tom was a black slave and he at last ＿＿＿the cotton farm to join the north army.
a.left b.escaped c.ran away d.fled
42.she had a nature that quickly ＿＿＿the friendship of her classmates.
a.made b.won c.caught d.seized
43.it takes a long time to ＿＿＿a good fame, but this name is quickly lost but just one crime or piece of bad behavior.
a.build up b.put up c.turn up d.set up
44.—— i’m ＿＿＿＿＿＿ too much weight, doctor?
—— i think you ought to go on a diet.
a.putting on b.getting on c.carrying on d.living on
45.—— will another fifty be enough?
—— just twenty will＿＿＿＿.
a.work b.do c.suit d.fit
46.his pale face ＿＿＿a reluctant smile when he heard the news.
a.came on b.was taken on c.took on d.turned into
47.although the working mother is very busy, she still ＿＿＿ a lot of time
to children.(上海XX)
a.devotes b.spends c.offers d.provides
48.the thing that＿＿is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try it or not.
a.matters b.cares c.considers d.minds
49.your football team＿＿ours on sunday, but we＿＿the game yesterday afternoon.
a.beat； beat b.beat； won c.won； won d.won； beat
50.—— can i help you?
—— i’d like a room with a bath.how much do you?
a.offer b.afford c.charge d.spare
动词及动词短语参考答案及简析
1.c。carry on with sth.意为“继续做某事”；carry out意为“实行，执行”。
2.d。call up意为“使人想起；打电话”；call on 意思是“号召”；call in 有“收回，请来”等意；call out有“出动，唤起，引起，大声叫出来“等意。
3.b。care for 在这里是“喜欢”的意思。
4.c。be well received意为“很受欢迎”。
5.b。meet 在这里是“满足，符合”的意思。
6.d。find out意思是“查清，弄明白”；see to 意思是“处理，负责”；look up意思是“查找（单词等）”。
7.c。turn...to...在这里意思是“把……转向……”。d有一定干扰性，可以说 fix one’s eyes on (upon) sth.，但语态不正确。
8.c。turn out 在这里意思是“证明是，结果是”，为连系动词；turn on 意思是“打开”；turn to 意思是“参考，转向，求助于”。
9.b。turn up 在这里是“出现，露面”的意思；turn round 意为“转身，转变”；turn in 意为“上交”。
10.d。come from表示“来自于”。
11.d。given to dance classes为过去分词短语作定语，相当于that was given to dance classes,意思是“分给舞蹈课的时间”。
12.c。表示花费的几个动词的搭配是这样的：sb.spend some money on sth.； sb.pay some money for sth.； sb.buy sth.for some money。
13.b。look back在这里是“回顾”的意思。
14.c。set out to do sth.／set about doing sth.意为“着手做某事”。
15.c。put off 在这里是“拖延，延期”的意思。pick out 意思是“挑选出”；give off 意思是“释放，发出；”make out意为“制定出，理解，辨认出”，因此其它答案不符合题意。16.a。keep in mind意为“记住”，空后的that 从句为keep的宾语。
17.c。hold out 在这里是“支持，维持”的意思。如：how long will the enemy’s food supplies hold out? hold up 意思是“举起，支撑,阻挡”。
18.d。be located in,意思是“位于”。
19.a。本句话的意思是“一个好的作家必须把他所写的与周围发生的事联系起来。”join与to搭配，表示“连接”。
20.d。join in有“加入（到某项活动中去）”的意思； drop in意思是“拜访”；fill in意思是“填补”。
21.c。provide,present,offer 都有“提供”的意思。provide 意思是“装备，供给（某物）”如：the villagers provided the guerrillas (游击队) with food； present则表示“呈献给某人（某种状况）”；offer构成offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的搭配。22.c。pay off 在这里意为“回报”；see off 意思是“给……送行”。
23.b。figure out 在这里有“计算出”的意思；think out意思是“想出”。
24.c。wear sb.out“使人筋疲力尽”。
25.a。go through with sth.意思是“做完，完成”；go on with 意思是“继续”。
26.a。nod sb.a welcome意思是“向某人点头表示欢迎”。
27.b。come to 在这里有“开始”之意。
28.a。call on sb.to do sth.意思是“号召某人做某事”。
29.d。hold to 意为“坚持（观点，理论等）”。本句话意思是“我们一直坚持我们所说的。30.b。put away意为“收起来”。
31.c。have／keep sb.／sth.doingsth.意为“使某人（物）一直做某事”。b项时态错误。
32.c。表示“忘带，遗留”，英语中要用leave,不可用forget.
33.b。表示自然灾害“侵害”了某地，可以用hit 或strike。attack表示“进攻，袭击”，多表示用武力进攻；knock是“敲打”的意思。
34.a。have none of sth.意思是“不理睬；不接受”。
35.c。afford意思是“负担得起（时间或金钱）”。
36.d。seat为及物动词，作宾补用seated（相当于sitting）；（坐）在有扶手的椅子上，用介词in。
37.a。make up for 意思是“弥补”。本句的意思是“宾馆优质的服务在一定程度上弥补了不好的饭菜。”
38.a。give out在这里为不及物动词，意思是“用完，耗尽”；give in 意思是“屈服，投降”；give up意思是“放弃”； give off 意思是“释放，发出”。
39.d。go with在这里是“与……相配”的意思；match 也有此意，但match 为及物动词；agree with 有“与……相适应“的意思，因此不合题意。
40.b。描述客观事实，用一般现在时。
41.d。escape,run away 都有“逃脱”的意思，后需加from。
42.b。win在这里是“赢得，获得”的意思。
43.a。build up 有“树立，逐步建立”的意思，其宾语可以是表示荣誉、名望等的名词。put up 意思是“（具体的）建造”，其宾语为房屋、桥梁、道路等；set up多指组织、单位、机构的建设。
44.a。put on weight 意思是“发胖，增加重量”。
45.b。do 在这里的意思是“行，可以，起作用”。又如：“what do you want for your birthday?” “anything will do.”
46.c。take on 在这里是“呈现”的意思。
47.a。c项有较大干扰性。offer sth.to sb.意思是“提供某物给某人”；devote one’s time to sb.／ sth.／doing sth.意思是“把时间用在某人（某事或做某事上）”。
48.a。matter在这里的意思是“有关系，要紧”。d项有一定干扰性。mind的意思是“在意，在乎”，其主语是人。
49.b。win和beat分别是“赢”，“击败”的意思，但 win 的宾语是比赛，而不可以是对手；beat 的宾语是对手。
50.c。charge 在这里是“收费”的意思。offer提供；afford支付得起；spare空出（时间，金钱），因此其它答案不合题意。
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