一 : Hysterical Literature 说明

他将坐在桌前阅读文学作品的女性们拍摄下来，然而桌子下面发生的事情才是更“有趣”的。我相当喜欢这类的东西（#这东西应该是指stoya在摄像机前进行性行为的行为）。This Empty Love是我第一部相当享受整个制作过程的视频作品。我那些跟digital playground制作的硬核片算是只能后来的一些有趣的选择。我觉得性爱有意思的部分在于暗示一些无法见到的。插入式性爱，说到头，其实是对一些黑暗的，潮湿的，类似洞穴般的东西的探索。

我选了 Supervert 的“Necrophilia Variations“（#且把这本书译为《恋尸癖变奏曲》吧）的一个章节来读。我对 Supervert 以及他/他们的作品非常着迷。我选择了这篇有着恋尸癖主题的书是因为我最近对性高潮对大脑化学产生影响的方式，“la petite mort"（# 对性高潮的讳称）这个法文昵称，以及我在高潮时意识被彻底清空的原因——这三个东西的混合体有一种奇异的非病态的痴迷。在那个混合体里有着死亡与性，也许还有改变或者成长，并且自从我发表了”Touch“以来，我就一直在关注这个话题。（# Touch是stoya的一篇博文）有的时候我对这个概念会有所接触，但是我还无法

digitalplayground Hysterical Literature 说明

抓住它，好好查视它。［www.61k.com)唯一理解它的方法便是生吞下所有可能与此有着一丝线索的东西，直到一切都能拼凑在一起（除非我被什么闪闪发亮的东西吸引住了，不过那得真正*闪闪*发亮）。总而言之这本书正正好。

我被告知要穿得像要去跟一个人男人去约会那样，不是跟一个男孩。我穿了件 Vivienne Westwood（# 英国著名女服装设计大师）去年 Anglomania 系列的连衣裙，这套裙子的样式会限制我手臂的移动范围，但是在理想的情况下，同

一个男人约会时我应该不用自己给自己开门或者有必要打电话。我的妆化得很简单，我鞋子的跟虽然非常高，但是还是相对来说可以用来走路的那种。我的内裤精致而昂贵。另外我的胯下湿了，从纯性爱的角度来说，我非常喜欢我无法预测以及新的东西。这个“试着朗读并保持镇定并同时受到性刺激”的游戏对我来是新鲜的。摄像机还加上了一丝露阴癖的气氛，我相当喜欢这样。最有意思的，当然是那个即将第一次要跟我的小咪咪打交道的日立按摩棒了。

当我告诉 Clayton 可爱的小助手我从来没有尝试过日立按摩棒的时候，她的嘴角露出一丝狡诘的微笑，看样子我现在身陷最好玩的那种泥潭。光打好了，所有人都走到了自己的岗位上，我的内裤正好在取景框之外。当我开始阅读的时候，我把我对按摩棒的不信任放到了一边，我忘记了将要发生的事情。当接触到我裆部的那一瞬间，我全身的血液都流向了阴门。我继续正常发声阅读，把注意力集中在文字上。我开始出汗，如果这个东西这样继续下去的话我的头发将会粘在我满是汗水的额头上就像我做了运动或者在进行高技巧性插入式性爱那样。我念错了一个词，当我返回去重新念那个词的时候我的注意力崩溃了。不管是日立按摩棒还是手持按摩棒的那个女人都无法令人抗拒，但是我还是想为了艺术坚持下去（以及因为这个是如此美妙地肮脏，我还不想让这个停下来）。我居住的这个世界的这一部分慢下

来了，同我拉近了。就像一根紧绷许久的橡皮筋突然收缩起来那样，我被一阵充满了爱的高潮击中了。

我真是爱笑鬼，双手伏在桌子上，当我的神志恢复清醒之后，我说出了最后的结束语。

视频系列第二集的女主Alicia是一位Google搜索结果前三页都没有任何有用信息的女路人甲。

人的猜测为提艺术家托管作品，一个托管人的工作，在看了Danielle的简历我认为curator在这里作为职业应该是某某艺术展的负责人的一个工作。）

及亚洲文化还没有对性有如此的开放其直接表现便在于语言的表达上的匮乏。当然从一个词能扯出这么多东西来，明显的，我走题了。）

视频系列第五集的女主 Teresa(主页)是一名华裔……呃……是……呃……我还是从她的网站上的自我介绍来代替我的描述吧，显然她们也不太清楚如何用中文来称呼自己的职业 ：

她从冰冷的教官以及调皮施虐狂之间摆动着，她通过诱惑的力量得到她所想的。她爱笑，特别当她从你的痛苦中得到快乐。

当你同她同处一室时，当她通过她的芊芊玉手以及她迷人的身躯来屈服你的神志时，世界上其他的一切都无关紧要了。她的举止是沉思的，蓄意的，复杂的。才智与直觉有着同样的地位。同时她还(# 相对受虐者)有着业余心理学和禁制球的优势。她的尖牙利嘴以及变态的幽默感能同时挑逗并刺痛你。

(个人吐槽：当我在翻译这段自我介绍的是时候我怎么感觉这是在说任何一位当代中国女性)

二 : Unit 12   Art and literature

       unit 12   art and literature
一、学习目标和要求

   1. 学习和掌握以下单词和习惯用语
    1) 单词
     literature; leonardo da vinci; pablo picasso; romantic; comedy; exhibition; local; magic; power; trick; wonder; series; scar; forehead; hogwarts; witchcraft; wizard; wizardry; miserable; treat; unhappy; goodness; habit; villager; shoulder; whisper; chamber; charm; stupid; password; sesame; compare; announcement; checklist
    2) 习惯用语
     a series of; in trouble; come across; believe in; turn abound
2. 功能意念项目
    学会用英语谈论文学艺术。
   3. 语法
    1）复习学过的定语从句的用法；
    2）复习动词不定式的用法。
   4. 语言运用
   运用所学语言,围绕文学艺术这一题材,完成教科书和练习册中规定的听、说、写的任务;阅读课文 “art and literature”,确切理解并完成有关课文内容和练习；练习设计一张海报。

二、学 习 指 导

   1. 单词和习惯用语的用法
    1）power n. 能力；力量；权力
     例: carrying this baggage requires a lot of power. 搬运这个行李要很大的力气。
        this parrot has the power to imitate human words. 这只鹦鹉有模仿人类语言的能力。
        the dictator held absolute power over his people. 那独裁者握有对人民的绝对权力。
      come to/into power 掌握政权；得势
        he came to power in 1987. 他1987年掌权。
    2）trick n. 诡计；窍门；恶作剧
     例：her tears were just a trick to deceive others. 她的眼泪只是欺骗别人的诡计。
         i haven’t got the trick of driving this car yet. 我还不晓得开这部车的诀窍。
         our children used to play tricks on us. 我们的小孩以前常常捉弄我们。
      play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
         trick or treat! 不请吃糖，就恶作剧！（万圣节孩子用语）
3）treat vt. 对待；视为；治疗；款待
     例：they treated us with all respect. 他们郑重其事地接待我们。
         you should treat your textbooks with more care. 你使用教科书要更加细心。
         they treated him with a new drug. 他们用新药医治他的病。
         he treated her for a broken arm. 他为她医治那条骨折的手臂。
         it’s my turn to treat you tonight. 今晚轮到我请客。
         she treated me to lunch. 她请我吃午饭。
       treat… as … 把……当作……看待
         my mother treated my proposal as a joke. 母亲把我的提议当玩笑看待。
         we treated this matter as one of importance. 我们把此事视为重要问题。
     类似的短语还有：look upon … as …; regard … as …; consider … as …; think of … as … 等等。
    4) in trouble 处于困境中；在监禁中
     例：she is in great trouble, so she needs your advice. 她遇到了很大的困难，所以需要你的忠告。
         he was in trouble with the customs. 他在海关那里有了麻烦。
       ask/look for trouble  自讨苦吃；自找麻烦
       get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境
       put sb. to trouble 给某人增添麻烦
       take the trouble to do 费神做；不辞劳苦地做
    5）come across/upon 偶然遇到；碰上
      例：we've just come across an old friend we haven't seen for ages.
我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。
含义基本相同的短语还有：ran into/across; meet（up）with
例：i ran across an old friend in the street. 我在街上碰到一位老朋友。
his car ran into the post.他的车撞到柱子上。
i met with an traffic accident.我遭遇到车祸。
i met up with an old classmate in the crowd. 我在人群中偶然遇到了一个老同学。
the president is to meet with the press this afternoon.总统预定今天下午会见记者。
6）believe in 和 believe
   believe in 表示因可靠、有能力、品德好等原因而“信任”某人，属总的评价，常跟简单宾语，偶尔跟含动词ing形式的复合宾语; 而believe 表示相信某人某时某地所说的话，并不涉及对其总的评价，含有信以为真的意味。  
例：i believe him. 我相信（他说的话）。
    they believe him to have done it. 他们相信他做了这件事。
    i believe him an honest student. 我相信他是个诚实的学生。
    i believe in him. 我信任他。
    i don’t believe in the theory. 我不相信这套理论。
7）habit n. 习惯；习性
 例：it is his habit to jog before breakfast. 他习惯在早餐前慢跑。
     she has a habit of playing with her hair while reading. 她在阅读时有玩弄头发的癖好。
 be in the habit of doing sth. = have a/the habit of doing sth.
    she is in the habit of listening to music while studying. 她有边读书边听音乐的习惯。
 fall/get into the habit of doing sth. = form the habit of doing sth.养成做……的习惯
 get out of the habit of doing sth. 改掉做……的习惯
 he got out of the habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸烟的习惯。
8）compare v.比较；相比；比喻
   compare…with… 把……和……相比较；compare…to…把……比喻成……；
 例：compare one thing with another    将一物与另一物比较
     walking can't compare with flying.  走路比不上飞行。
living in a town can't compare with living in the country in many respects.
在许多方面城市生活比不上在乡村生活。
man's life is often compared to a candle.  人生常被喻为蜡烛。
the poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.
诗人在他诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。
     compare常指为了找出两种事物或现象的异同点而进行比较， 如：if you compare marx's works with hegel's, you'll find many differences. 如果你把马克思的著作同黑格尔的著作相比较， 就会发现许多不同之处。
contrast 指两者之间的“对照”、“对比”， 着重指“通过两种事物或现象的对比， 突出地指出它们的不同”， 如：contrast farm life with city life 对照一下城乡生活。

   2. 语言要点
    1）it is a world of magic and wonders, a world where anything can happen. 这是一个存在着魔法和奇迹的世界，是一个任何事情都可能发生的世界。
     本句中 “a world where anything can happen” 做同位语，而本身又包含一个where引导的定语从句。下文中的 “a boy with a scar on his forehead and a secret past” 也是同位语。
    2）…，but they can still be friends if they share the same goals, hopes and dreams. 但是如果他们有着同样的目标、愿望和同样的梦想他们仍然可以成为朋友。
share (in) sth.   分享
share sth. with/between/among sb.  （和某人）共同分享
       we shared the sweets.   我们分吃了糖果。
they share their joys and sorrows.  他们同甘共苦。
bill and bob shared the work equally between them.  比尔和鲍勃两人把工作平分了。
    3）the lady in the picture had such strange eyes that it was almost as if the woman in the picture was watching them. 画中女人的眼睛非常奇怪，就好像在窥视他们一样。
     as if = as though 似乎是，好像是
    例：she always talked to me as if/though she was my sister. 她总是以我妹妹的口气和我说话。
        he walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他慢慢地走，好像腿受伤的样子。
        she looks as if she is going to cry. 她看起来似乎要哭了。
        it looks as if we will be late. 看起来我们似乎会迟到。
    4）…，and that not all of them were safe. 他们不是所有的人都安全。
      这是一个部分否定句。这里我们也可以说 “all of them were not safe”。
      再如：not all of us are students.  我们不都是学生。
            ＝ all of us are not students.
      完全否定应该是 none of 。
            none of them were safe.  他们都不安全。
            none of us are students.  我们都不是学生。
    5）he was about to say something when helen turned around. 他正要说话的时候，海伦转过身来。
       be about to do sth. when …  正要做……，（突然）……
      例：i was about to jump into the river for a swim when the guide shouted at me. 我正要跳下河游泳的时候向导向我大喊起来。
    6）we need a password to get through the wall. 我们需要咒语穿过这堵墙。
      get through  到达；做完；通过；度过；打通
     例：the road ahead is narrow, so a truck can’t get through (it). 前面的路很窄，所以卡车没有办法通过。
         how long does it take you to get through a letter? 你写一封信要花多长时间？
         i called all day yesterday, but i couldn’t get through to you. 昨天我打了一天电话，但是没有办法联络到你。
    7）she did not have time to finish before the wall started moving and a hole open up below the picture. 还没等她说完，墙开始移动，在画的下面露出一个洞口。
     open up  展开, 打开；开发；揭露；开始
     例：coughing like that might open up your wound.  你那样咳嗽会把伤口震开。
         new mines are opening up.  新矿正在开发。
         he never opens up his shop on a sunday. 星期天他的商店从不营业。
         open up the package.  打开这个包裹。

   3. 语法说明：
1） 定语从句
    （1） 定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目。它在句子中出现的频率很高。对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。
     定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，就要根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。
　　被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词有两个作用：
　　① 引导定语从句。
　　② 代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
　　理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。
    正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择完全取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的什么成分。关系词一共有九个，它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。
关系词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
that 人/物 /物 √ × √
which 物 物 × × √
who 人 × × × ×
whom × 人 × × ×
whose × × × 人/物 ×
when × × × × √
where × × × × √
why × × × × √

在限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略。
   例：there is still one thing which/that is not explained.（主语）
this is the boy who came yesterday. （主语）
       this is the picture (which/that) he gave me. （宾语）
       the car which was following us seems to have disappeared. （主语）
       the woman whose daughter you met is mrs. brown. （定语）
       this is the boy (whom) we met last night. （宾语）
      
屋顶被毁坏的房子已经被修好。
                 ┏ whose roof
the house  ┣ the roof of which     was damaged has now been repaired.
                 ┗ of which the roof
       那就是他工作的大学。
　　　　　　　　　　　　    ┏ at which he works.
　　　　　　　　　　　　    ┣ which he works at.　　
　　    that is the college     ┣ where he works.
　　　　　　　　　　　　    ┣ that he works at.
　　　　　　　　　　　　    ┗ he works at.
        他出生的那一天是1952年8月20日。
　　　　　　    ┏ on which he was born
　　　　　　    ┣ which he was born on
　　    the day ┣ when he was born　       was aug.20,1952.
　　　　　　    ┣ that he was born on
　　　　　　    ┗ he was born on
        他被解雇的原因不难解释。
                   ┏ why he
the reason  ┣ that he      was dismissed is not difficult to explain.
           ┗ he
        你提到的那个人时琼的爸爸。
                ┏ of whom you spoke
        the man ┣ whom you spoke of     is joan’s father.
                ┣ that you spoke of
                ┗ you spoke of
    （2）只用关系代词that 的情况：
     ① 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，通常用关系代词that;
      this is the most interesting book that i have ever read.
     ② 先行词前有the first, the last, the only, the same, the very以及any, few, much, some, no等修饰时，通常用关系代词that;
      you are the very boy (that) i want.
      this is the last chance (that) you have. 这是你最后一次机会。
      he is the last person (that) i want to see. 他是我最不想见的人。
      please send us any information (that) you have about the subject.
     ③ 先行词是much, little, none, all, any, no, everything, anything, nothing,等不定代词，通常用关系代词that;
      this is all (that) i know.
      there is nothing in the world that can frighten him.
     ④ 先行词由“人＋物”构成时，通常用关系代词that;
      look at the boy and his sheep that are coming down the hill.
      the boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
     ⑤ 当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who, which…which等重叠，定语从句用that引导。
　　who is the man that is standing by the door?
　　which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?
   （3）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
        限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。而非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句不影响主句的意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。不用关系代词that。非限定性定语从句的关系代词有时可以代表整个主句的含义，在非限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词不能省略。
       例：the man who was driving the car was drunk. 开车的那人喝醉了。
           this is the place where the three roads meet.  这是三条路交汇的地方。
           the house whose windows are broken is mr. smith’s. 窗户破损的房子是史密斯先生的。
           i have two sisters, who are both students. 我有两个妹妹，她们都是学生。
           i have lost the pen, which i like very much.  我弄丢了那支钢笔，是我非常喜欢的那支。
           tom broke his eyeglasses, which made his mother quite angry. 汤姆打碎了自己的眼镜，这使他妈妈非常生气。（关系代词which代表汤姆打碎眼镜这件事）
   （4）as引导的定语从句
      ① as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句中作定语、表语或状语，构成the same…as…, such…as…等结构。
        例：i like the same book as you do. (as作宾语)
          i shall do it in the same way as you did. (as作状语)
          i want to have such a dictionary as he has. (as作宾语)
      ② as引导非限定性定语从句。as在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句是说明整个句子，它可以放在主句之前。
        例：as we all know, he studies very hard. (as作宾语)
          as is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (作主语)
        常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above, as is known to all, as it is等。
       注意：关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致；关系代词which和as在定语从句中的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which没有。
     （5）其它注意事项：
      ① 在定语从句中做主语的who, which 或that后的动词的数应根据先行词的人称和数来确定；
        i want a girl who knows english.
        i want three girls who know english.
        he is one of the greatest men that are known to everyone.
        he is the only one of the students who has been to canada.
      ② 关系代词做介词的宾语时，介词可置于whom 或which的前面或句末，但关系代词that不可直接放在介词之后做宾语；
        is this the car for which you paid a high price?
        = is this the car which you paid a high price for?
        = is this the car that you paid a high price for?
        = is this the car you paid a high price for?
      ③ 关系副词 ＝ 介词＋which(关系代词)
         where = in/at which    when = at/in which   why = for which
         i can still remember the sitting-room where/in which my mother and i used to sit in the evening.
         但为表意清楚，在关系副词where/when前可加介词from 或 to等。
         china is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to japan, korea, thailand and india.
      ④ that可代替关系副词when, why等，或省略。
      
                                   ┏ in which he
i am quite satisfied with the way  ┣ that he         has done it.
                            ┗ he
   2) 动词不定式
    (1) 构成与特征
       动词不定式事动词的一种非限定形式，由“to + 动词原形”构成，在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也保留动词的一些特征，可以带宾语或状语。
     例：he tried to work out the problem in five minutes. 他试图在五分钟之内算出这道题。（带宾语和状语）
    (2) 不定式的时态和语态
       不定式的时态：
    ①不定式的一般式：不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语的动作式同时发生的或是在其后发生的；
     例：i saw him go out. 我看见他出去了。
         thousands of young people are learning to ski. 数以千计的年轻人在学习滑雪。
    ②不定式的进行式：不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行着；
     例：i am very glad to be working with you. 我非常高兴能和你一起工作。
    ③不定式的完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
     例：i am sorry to have kept you waiting.  对不起，让你久等了。
       不定式的语态：
     当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。
     例：he asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他请求被派往农村工作。
         it is possible for our hopes to be realized. 我们的希望有实现的可能。
      注意： 不定式在句中用主动形式还是被动形式，多数情况下时容易判断的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：
      不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式往往用主动形式；
例：do you have got a key to unlock the door?  你有开门的钥匙吗？
      不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式；
     例：i have got a letter to write.  我又封信要写。
         he needs a room to live in. 他需要一个房间。
      不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用被动形式；
     例：the doctor recommended him to air the room. 医生建议他让房间透透气。
         the doctor recommended the room to be aired.
       不定式作表语形容词（easy, difficult, hard, fit等）的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，可以看成时省略了动词的逻辑主语for us, for me, for you 等；
     例：this book is difficult to read.  这本书很难读懂。
         the food was not fit (for me) to eat. 这食物不能吃。
         the path is easy to find. 这路很容易找到。
         the film is great fun (=interesting) (for us) to see. 这部电影真有趣。
    (3) 功能
     ①作主语
      例：to see is to believe. 眼见为实。
      不定式短语作主语时，往往由it代替它作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后。
      例：it is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是正确的。
     ②作表语
      例：the next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required. 下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。
          my job is to help the patient. 我的工作是帮助病人。
          they are to marry next week. （表示安排）他们下周结婚。
     ③作宾语
      例：he wanted to go with us. 他想跟我们一起去。
      feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等动词后如果是动词不定式作宾语，补语是形容词(间或是名词)，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。
      例：i find it difficult to work with him. 我发现和他一起共事很难。
          i thought it a great pity not to have invited her. 我认为没有邀请她是很大的遗憾。
      下列动词常跟不定式作宾语：
      agree, refuse, offer, promise, choose, decide, attempt, intend, manage, fail, ask, hope, want, expect, wish, desire, plan, prepare, learn, pretend等等。
     ④作宾语不足语
      例：he asked me to do the work with him. 他让我和他一起做这项工作。
      在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to.
      例：i often hear him sing the song. 我经常听到他唱歌。
          he is often heard to sing the song.
     ⑤作定语
      例：i have some books for you to read. 我有些书给你读。
      动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
     例：he is a pleasant fellow to work with. 他是个很好共事的人。
         she bought a bookshelf to put her books on. 她买了一个书架放书。
         there is nothing to worry about. 没有什么好担心的。
         please give me a knife to cut with. 请给我一把刀。
     当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，当其含义有所不同。
   试比较：do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）
           do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else）
     the first, the second, the last, the best等常跟动词不定式作定语。
     例：he is always the first to answer questions in class. 他总是第一个在课堂上回答问题。
         he would be the last to agree to the plan. 他决不会同意这个计划。
    ⑥作状语
    不定式作状语的情况很多，可以表示目的、结果、原因或条件等。
    例：i came here to see you .(表目的) 我来这是为了看你。
        we shall be very happy to cooperate with you in the project. （表原因）在此项目中与你们合作，我们非常高兴。
        he hurried to the school to find nobody there. (表结果) 他匆忙地赶到学校，结果发现没人在那。
        she is very polite to show us the way. (表结果) 她非常有礼貌地给我们指路。
        to look at him, you would like him. (表条件) 如果你看见他，你就会喜欢他。
        you couldn’t do that to save your life. (表条件) 你即使为了救自己的命也不能那样做。
        we ran all the way so as not to be late. (表条件) 为了不迟到我们一路跑来。
        they divided the work, john to wash the vegetables and marry to cook the meal. (表伴随情况) 他们分了工，约翰洗菜，玛丽做饭。
     不定式可以表明说话人的态度，在句中作独立成分。
     例：to tell the truth, this is all greek to me. 说实话，我对此一窍不通。
         to be sure, we can do it. 当然，我们能做好的。
     类似的还有：to be brief 简言之， to be exact 精确地说，to be frank with you 老实对你说吧，to be honest 说实话，to start/begin with 首先 等等。这些短语大都位于句首，偶尔位于句中或句尾，需用逗号同其它句子成分格开。
    ⑦不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
    例：he didn’t know what to say. (宾语) 他不知道要说什么。
        how to solve the problem is very important. （主语）如何解决问题非常重要。
        my question is when to start. (表语) 我的问题是什么时候开始。
  
三、课文理解
1. which of the following is not true according to the first paragraph?
a. jk rowling is a world full of wonders and strange happenings.
b. the books are about creatures and adventures and the real world as well.
c. rowling has written books about children with secret past.
d. we can know ourselves better by reading the books.
2. what is true about harry porter?
a. he is unhappy because he has to change his life often.
b. he lives miserably until he becomes a student at hogwarts.
c. he wants to become a wizard because he is normal enough.
d. he has to change his life because his parents died.
3. harry learns the following except _____.
a. the magic and how to become a wizard
b. the importance and difficulty of making friends
c. the power of love and goodness
d. the secret of his life and choices
4. according to the passage, _____.
a. you won’t succeed if you don’t have faith in what you are doing
b. wizards have to fight each other because nothing is always right
c. birth and appearance has something to do with a person’s growing up
d. people can be friends although they have little or nothing in common
5. what is the suggested idea of the passage?
a. poor children with no past will succeed in the end.
b. it is easy for normal children to become a wizard.
c. it is to believe in ourselves and to help others that make a good life.
d. things in the books are no value to the real world.

四、语法知识训练
  i. 单项选择
   1. the man _______ today left the message for you.
 a. called   b. has called   c. whom called  d. who called
   2. he has to work on sunday, _______ he does not like.
 a. which   b. which time   c. on which time  d. when
   3. i don’t think the number of people _______ this happens is very large.
 a. whom   b. who    c. of whom   d. to whom
   4. i, _______ your friend, tell you so.
  a. that am  b. that is    c. who is   d. who am
   5. that’s the science museum _______ we visited last year.
 a. where   b. to which   c. which   d. in which
   6. the river _______ are covered with trees is very long.
  a. which banks      b. of which banks
  c. whose the banks      d. the banks of which
   7. he is the most boring speaker _______ i have ever heard.
  a. who   b. that     c. who    d. which
   8. ---did you ask the guard what happened?
     ---yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
 a. about which b. which    c. that    d. what
   9. the man and the horse _______ fell into the river were drowned.
 a. which   b. who    c. that    d. of which
  10. i helped him with his homework, _______ was my duty.
 a. when    b. as    c. it     d. that
  11. the building _______ all elderly university teachers prefer looks so
beautiful.
 a. at which   b. where   c. which    d. in which
  12. when you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any
questions.
a. at which   b. at where  c. the place where  d. where
  13. i will provide you with such things _______ you may need.
 a. that    b. which   c. as     d. whose
  14. this is the man _______ is honest.
 a. who i believe      b. whom i believe
 c. who believe i       d. i believe who
  15. you have many people around you _______ are kind to you but _______ you will
soon forget.
a. /;/    b. /; who   c. who; /   d. who; whom

   ii.写定义
name 名称 category 类别 function/action 功用/行动
a clock a machine tell time
april 1 a holiday be called april fool’s day
a traveler a person travel
a passenger a traveler travel by public transport such as the bus, boat, plane or train
an aircraft any machine or structure can fly in the air and carry goods and passengers
an airbus  an aircraft operate regularly over short or medium distances
 16. a clock is a machine which tells the time.
 17. april 1 ________________________________________.
 18. a traveler _____________________________________.
 19. a passenger _____________________________________.
 20. an aircraft ______________________________________.
 21. an airbus ________________________________________.

  iii. 请指出下面一则短文中不定式的语法功能
     s = subject  o = object   p = predicative  ac = adjective complement
    ad = adverbial   att = attributive
   
a note to fellow students of english writing
①to make good use of a non-verbal phrase, it is necessary ②to think why you need it. any phrase ③to be included should be used to ④back up the main idea you want ⑤to put across. don’t aim ⑥to write long sentences for their own sake or ⑦to impress the teacher. if you hope ⑧to get a good mark this way, you may often find it leads to the opposite. moreover, long sentences are harder ⑨to write and more difficult ⑩to read. so, it’s better ⑾to avoid long sentences whenever you can. good writing practice is ⑿to write in a simple style. this is also the best way ⒀to communicate with readers.
 
iv. 用适当的选项补全下列句子
   a. to help you
   b. to win the national lottery
   c. to talk with food in your mouth
   d. to say “thank you” when you receive help
   e. for ordinary people to own weapons in some countries
   f. to bring flowers to a dinner party you’re invited to
   g. to go snowboarding during the summer vocation
   h. for a teenager to buy alcoholic drinks
   i. to have a “pot-luck party” where everyone brings a dish to share

   1. it’s a pleasure __________________________________.
   2. it’s good manners ________________________________.
   3. it’s not always polite ___________________________.
   4. it’s bad manners _________________________________.
   5. it’s cool ________________________________________.
   6. it’s good luck ___________________________________.
   7. it’s a good idea _________________________________.
   8. it’s against the law _____________________________.

五、综合训练
 i. 基础知识运用
 a. 单项选择
  1. compare this _______ that, _______ you’ll find which is better.
 a. with; or  b. with; and  c. to; or   d. to; and
   2. _______ 1992, the price of grain was reduced by 50%.
 a. compare with     b. compare to
 c. compared with     d. comparing to
   3. girls are often compared _______ flowers.
    a. with   b. to    c. by   d. for
   4. his father is _______ treatment in that hospital.
   a. in    b. by    c. with   d. under
 5. _______, a form must be filled in.
 a. to ask for this job    b. in order to get this job
 c. making request for this job  d. if you want to get this job
 6. next summer _______ you will spend in shanghai, i’m sure, will be another exciting holiday.
 a. which   b. when   c. in which  d. where
 7. go to ask the person _______ can help you.
 a. whom you think     b. who you think
 c. you think      d. you think who
 8. they treated him _______ a king when he won the money.
 a. as   b. as being  c. like   d. like being
   9. i _______ what he said, but to tell you the truth, i don’t ________ him.
 a. believed in; believe    b. believed; believe in
 c. believed in; believe in   d. believed; believe
10. the manager told us _______ had happened in the shop.
 a. all   b. all that   c. all what  d. all which

 b. 选择短语并用适当形式填空
turn into      turn up      turn down       turn away  
turn in       turn out      turn to          turn over
11. the manager ________ the assistant.
 12. we politely ________ the invitation.
 13. the students all ________ the final exam ahead of time.
 14. he ________ the lights before he left.
 15. several old friends _________ at the party.
 16. the ice in the street ________ water gradually.
 17. the plan ________ a failure.
 18. when you are in trouble, you can ________ him for help.
 19. she ________ the problem in her mind.
 20. ________ to the next page and let’s do the exercises.

 ii. 完形填空 用适当的词将下列短文补充完整，每空一词。
    spielberg was __21__ in cincinnati, ohio. his father was an engineer and his mother was a pianist. __22__ a boy he used to __23__ his own stories with pictures. he started making home movies at the age of 12, __24__ he filmed a toy train crash at home. at 13 he won a film competition __25__ a 40-minute film. at the age of 16 he made a longer film of 140 minutes at a __26__ of $600.
he had his first __27__ at 25 when he made duel, a film about a motorist __28__ is chased by a giant truck. people in the film industry began to notice him. after that came jaws, close encounters of the third kind, raiders of the lost ark, and et, with its star, a gentle creature from    __29__ space.
__30__ 1999, spielberg had directed 22 films and had produced many others. his fortune from film-making is now over $1 billion.
as __31__ as popular thrillers(惊险电影) like jaws, spielberg has also filmed more difficult subjects, for example, schindler’s list. it was always __32_ that the death of the jews in world war ii was an important historical subject. but film directors avoided it, __33__ the deaths were so terrible, and because it would be difficult to __34__ the truth without shocking film-goers. finally, spielberg found the right book (by thomas keneally) with its positive story and unusual hero. it was an important film for him as it finally won him the two oscars __35__ he had always wanted, one for best picture and another for best director.

iii. 阅读理解
a
    a new attraction is now showing in paris, florida, california and tokyo----“honey, i shrunk(缩小)the audience.” like the film “honey, i shrunk the kids” the show makes the audience feel very small. have you ever wondered what it would be like to be as small as a mouse? now is your chance to find out!
    when you enter the cinema, you are given a pair of 3d glasses. the film starts in an ordinary way. then suddenly you are the size of a mouse and everything else in the world seems huge! a dog seems ready to jump out of the cinema screen and eat you up! then someone picks up the cinema in which you are sitting, and it feels as if it is moving! the show uses special effects, and sound effects too. in one scene a snake attacks the audience and a cat turns into a lion and jumps at the audience. in another scene the inventor’s son puts his pet mouse into a magic box to make more mice, and suddenly it seems as though a hundred mice are running over your feet all round the theatre!
  根据短文内容判断正误（true or false）。
(   )36. the new show is called “honey, i shrunk the kids”.
(   )37. the show makes other people in the audience look small.
(   )38. you need to wear special glasses for the show.
(   )39. after the show starts, a big dog runs into the cinema.
(   )40. at one point, you feel as if your seat is moving.
(   )41. during the show, a cat becomes a lion.
(   )42. at one point in the show, a lot of mice run over the cinema floor.
b
how to go busking(街头卖艺) in the street
    find a busy spot with lots of “people traffic”. but make sure you’re not in anyone’s way. an empty shopfront will do nicely. don’t make the mistake of choosing very busy places with crowds. outside a busy bus station is not a good place. it will be too noisy for people to hear you and they won’t see you either. it will be too easy for them to pass by in a crowd without giving anything.
    having found your spot, put out something to collect the money, for example, your empty guitar case, a blanket or an old hat. put a few coins in yourself before you start playing; add a couple of ￡ 1 coins to show that some people have given a lot! don’t overdo it, though; if your hat is too full, people will think you don’t need the money.
    play simple, well-known pop tunes that people love. make sure that you know plenty of songs. if you play very fast tunes, people will walk by quickly and won’t stop to give. play a sad, tuneful song from time to time. guitars, violins, flutes are all good street instruments and are easy to hear. if you can play the australian didgeridoo(迪吉里杜管)( a long wooden pipe which makes a deep sound), people will stop to listen, because in many countries it’s an unusual instrument.
    when people stop to listen to the end of the tune, and maybe to hear the next one, then you know you’ve got an audience. smile at them, make eye contact, and thank them when they drop their coins into your hat. finally, remember that busking is not begging, but making people happy. show that you love music and that the money is not the most important thing. if you play with a smile on your face and with your foot tapping, you’ll give out a sense of happiness to passers-by.
  找出与以下短语或句子意思相同的短语。
43. where many people are walking by   ___________________________
44. you are not stopping people from walking by ___________________________
45. would be good        ___________________________
46. do too much of this       ___________________________
47. people are enjoying listening to you   ___________________________
48. look at them in the eyes     ___________________________
49. moving your foot in time to the music  ___________________________

c
    at the beginning of the century there was a big farm called hollywood ranch. it was near los angeles in california. a few years later hollywood was one of the famous places in the world. from 1910’s to the 1950’s hollywood was the film centre of the world. every family knew the names of its film stars ---- charlie chaplin, greta garbo, bergman and hundreds more.
    the reason why people went to hollywood to make films was the sun. at first people made films in new york on the east coast of the united states.
    but then they heard about los angeles where there are 350 days of sun every year. as they made all the films by sunlight, west coast was a much better place to work. also near hollywood you can find mountains and sea and desert. they did not have to travel far to make any kind of film.
    when tv became popular, hollywood started making films for television. then in 1970s they discovered people still went to cinema to see big expensive films. after twenty years they are still making films in hollywood and people watch them all over the world.
50. hollywood used to be a _______.
 a. cinema   b. big farm   c. park   d. market
51. in the 1910s hollywood became a _______.
 a. famous theatre      b. good place to have holidays
 c. film centre       d. home for stars
52. who was not mentioned as a film star in the passage? _______.
 a. charlie chaplin      b. marily monroe
 c. ingrid bergman      d. greta garbo
53. people went to hollywood to make films because ________.
 a. it was a beautiful place    b. you can find many film stars
 c. there was a lot of sunlight there   d. it was a famous place
54. which statement is true? ________
 a. the east coast was a better place to make films.
 b. there are no mountains near hollywood.
 c. people no longer went to cinema after television became popular.
 d. hollywood began to make films for television after the first world war.

d
    about the year 1900, a small, dark-hair boy named charlie chaplin was often seen waiting outside the back entrances of london theatres. he looked thin and hungry. he was hoping to get work in show business. he could sing and dance, and above all, he knew how to make people laugh. but he couldn’t get work and therefore wandered about the city streets. sometimes he was sent away to a home for children who had no parents.
    but twenty years later this same charlie chaplin became the greatest, best known, and best loved comedian in the world. any regular visitor to the cinema must have seen some of chaplin’s films. people everywhere have sat and laughed at them until the tears ran down their faces. even people who don’t understand english can enjoy chaplin’s films because they are mostly silent. it isn’t what he says that makes us laugh. his comedy doesn’t depend upon words or language. it depends on little actions which mean the same thing to people all over the world. acting out without words, of common human situations plays an important part in the dances and plays of many countries. it’s a kind of world language.
    chaplin lived most of his life in america and died in switzerland on christmas day 1977, at the age of eighty-eight. there was sadness all over the world at the news of his death.
55. chaplin was born in ________.
 a. america   b. switzerland  c. england  d. france
56. little does chaplin’s comedy depend on ________.
 a. actions       b. acting out  
c. common human situations    d. words and language
57. one of the reasons that people all over the world can enjoy chaplin’s films is that _______.
 a. most of them have been translated into different languages
 b. most of them are silent films
 c. they are good comedies
 d. most of them are good sound films
58. _______ is a kind of world language according to the passage.
 a. comedy       b. acting out without words
 c. silence       d. films
59. chaplin is regarded as master of comedy mainly because _______.
 a. he acted out the common human situations best in his comedy
 b. his films are mostly silent
 c. he knew how to make people laugh
 d. any regular visitor has seen some of his films

 iv. 单句改错
60. the parents told the police their child was missed.
61. i am telling my friend to see that he wants to go to see a film with me.
62. the heroine has to save her father who took away by a kidnapper.
63. she said she couldn’t take part in the party, but we had better have a good idea and get her go with us.
64. an arts festival is being taken place in the park of your city.
65. in the world of jk rowling much of what happens are strange.
66. actually we can learn a lot ourselves and the real world by reading books.
67. harry learns to be brave and to do things he was used to be afraid of.
68. he together with his friends are going to see the film “harry potter”.
69. the man had so strange eyes that we were afraid to talk with him.
70. some of the boys i invited them didn’t come．
71. anyone who break the law will be punished．
72. he is the only one of the teachers who know french in our school．
73. i still remember the day when we spent together．
74. have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？
75. it was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．
76. he always refuses doing what he is unwilling to.
77. the building completed next week will be used as a library.
78. this problem is very difficult to deal.
79. in order to not be late, he got up very early.
80. the girl was so lazy that she always had her clothes to be washed.

 v. 书面表达:
  根据下面的提示写一张电影海报。
a film poster
电    影：《莎翁情史》
 出品日期：1998年
 导     演：john madden
 主    演：joseph fiennes, gwyneth paltrow
 放映日期：5月15日（星期五）
 时    间：18：30
 地    点：超星影院

 票    价：10元（成人）； 6元（学生）
           我校图书馆及校办有售

 评    论：“一部非常有趣的喜剧”
          “演技卓绝”
          “主角和其他演员的表演都很出色”
          “情节紧凑连贯，一气呵成”
          “生动地描绘了16世纪伦敦剧院的生活”

unit 11
三、课文理解 1－5 dbcad
四、语法训练
i.单项选择
 1－5 dabcb  6－10 adaad
 ii. 把下列句子变成被动语态
 11. my watch has been broken by my little sister.
    12. his room was being cleaned when i entered the house.
    13. a note had better be left to him by her.
    14. no attention was paid to me. or  i was paid no attention to.
    15. a letter was written to her by him.
    16. let smoking be given up.
    17. don’t let such a novel be read. or  let such a novel not be read.
  iii. 宾语从句
 18－22 bdcda  23－27 baaba  
五、综合训练
  i. 基础知识运用
a. 1—5 adcac 6—10 abada
  b. 11. intelligent  12. folks  13. spread  14. performances  15. contains/contained 
16. suggested  17. tradition  18. entertainment  19. expressed  20. total
 ii.  完形填空
21. slaves; 22. with; 23. started/began; 24. traveled; 25. popular; 26. sad;
27. feelings; 28. in; 29. instruments; 30. named/called; 31. after; 32. happier;
33. change/put/turn; 34. emotions; 35. differently
 iii. 阅读理解
a. 36. c  37. f  38. b  39. e  40. d  41. a
    b. 42. e c g f a d b
    c. 43-47 cdccc
    d. 48-52 dabcc
 iv. 单句改错
53. with----to  54. which----in which/that   55. spreaded----spread 
56. spanish-spoken----spanish-speaking   57. won----beat/defeated
58. pick up you---- pick you up   59. star----stars   60. 去掉it
61. latest----last   62. 去掉a
 v. 书面表达
     blues and jazz are twins from african-american music in the 19th century. they started in louisiana and mississippi in the usa and became very popular in the 20th century. musicians who play blues and jazz change the music to show their emotions, and so the music can be played differently each time. they are enjoyed by the people all over the world nowadays because of having strong emotional feelings in them.
     blues express sad feelings, sometimes in a funny way. a person who sings the blues feels sad possibly because he or she lost something. people played blues first with one or two instruments and sometimes without any instruments. jazz came soon after blues. composers added more musical instruments. jazz can be happier and faster.

unit 12
三、课文理解 1－5 cbdac
四、语法训练  
i.单项选择
 1－5 daddc  6－10 dbccb  11－15 cdcad
 ii.写定义
16. april 1 is a holiday which is called april fool’s day.
    17. a traveler is a person who travels.
    18. a passenger is a traveler who travels by public transport such as the bus, boat, plane or train.
    19. an aircraft is any machine or structure which can fly in the air and carry goods or passengers.
    20. an airbus is an aircraft which operates regularly over short or medium distances.
  iii.不定式的语法功能
ad; s; att; ad; ad; ad; ad; o; ac; ac；s; p; att
  iv.补全句子
 a d f c g b i; e or h
五、综合训练
i.基础知识运用
a. 1-5 bcbdd  6-10 ababb
    b. 11. turned away  12. turned down  13. turned in  14. turned out  15. turned up 
16. turned into  17. turned out  18. turn to  19. turned over  20. turn over
 ii.完形填空
 21. born; 22. as; 23. write; 24. when; 25. with; 26. cost; 27. success; 28. who; 29. outer;
30. by; 31. well; 32. known; 33. because; 34. tell; 35. that/which
 iii. 阅读理解
a. 36. f; 37. f; 38. t; 39. f; 40. t; 41. t; 42. f
    b. 43. with a lot of “people traffic”;
      44. you’re not in anyone’s way;
       45. will do nicely;
       46. overdo it;
       47. you’ve got an audience;
       48. make eye contact;
       49. with your foot tapping
    c. 50-54 bcbcd
    d. 55-59 cdbba
 iv. 单句改错
60. missed----missing/gone/lost  61. that----if/whether  62. took----has been taken
   63. go---- to go   64. being taken---- taking 或 taken place----hosted
   65. are----is   66. ourselves前加 about   67. 去掉was   68. are----is
   69. so----such  70. 去掉them  71. break----breaks  72. know----knows 
   73. when----which/that  74. why----which/that  75. where----that  76. doing----to do
   77. completed----to be completed  78. deal----deal with  79. to not ---- not to
   80. 去掉to be
 v.书面表达
a film poster
 title of film: shakespeare in love
 date of film: 1998
 director: john madden
 stars: joseph fiennes, gwyneth paltrow
 date: friday 15th may
 time: 18:30
 place: superstar cinema
 tickets: 10 yuan (adults); 6 yuan (students)
          from the library or the office at our school
 opinions: “a very funny comedy”
           “beautifully acted”
           “excellent acting by the stars and the other actors”
           “it never slows down for a second”
           “it gives a lively view of the 16th century theatre life in london”

三 : Module 3 Literature

module 3 literature

part one teaching design

教学设计说明话题介绍本模块主要介绍英国古典文学中狄更斯作品及其生平，了解上述内容并掌握有关的词汇，培养有关的语言技巧。period 1 readingintroduction vocabulary and reading 和reading and vocabulary合并为第一课时“阅读课”。课文oliver asks for more 让学习了解狄更斯作品。在学生课前自学、预习的基础上，以背景介绍导入新课，然后采取“自上而下”的阅读教学模式，引导学生关注文章的篇章结构、段落大意，得出“树型图”，进行“信息转换”，理解全文、复述意义。 教师还可以参考“教学资源”中 关于 charles dickens 相关信息的材料，帮助学生更多了解英国作品。period 2 function第二课时function emphatic sentences是“功能课”，学习倒装句的用法”。教学重点是倒装的用法。period 3 grammar课本32页grammar 1 inversion used for emphasis为第三课时“语法课”，集中学习和演练inversion used for emphasis。period 4 writingwrite a description of characters period 5 reading and vocabulary(2) 课本37页的reading and vocabulary(2)  “为泛读课 ”，学习philip pirrip。引导学生阅读课课文，然后模仿其语篇结构、尽量运用课文中学到的词语、结构和话题模式，用记叙文体介绍自己熟悉和喜爱的人物。period 6 listening and everyday english能识别所学词语及结构并听懂意义，能听懂并理解包含感情和情感的日常用语；能理解《雾都孤儿》的内容。period 7 reading practice课本39页的reading practice 让学生进行阅读，然后完成书上练习题。period 8 cultural corner该部分简单介绍了charles dickens 的生平，是本模块的一个重要内容。教师可以按教学时间来决定教学方法，如果时间紧，可以用泛读、速读、略读的方法处理。了解英国古典文学和同期的古典文学，了解它们对世界文化的贡献period 9 tasktask “任务课”，学生课前利用图书馆、网络等手段收集某一地区的facts，课上教师出示若干file范例，指导学生完成

period 1 reading---oliver asks for more▇ goals ●to learn to read passages with inversion used for emphasis about literature ●to learn to read with strategies ■ proceduresstep 1: warming up by learning about charles dickenscharles dickens’s father was a clerk at the naval pay office and because of this, the family had to move from place to place: plymouth, london, and so on. it was a large family and despite hard work, his father couldn’t earn enough money. in 1823 he was arrested for debt and charles had to start working in a factory, labelling bottles for six shillings a week. after leaving school, charles started to work in a solicitor’s office. he learned shorthand and started as a reporter working for the morning chronicle in courts of law and the house of commons.in 1836 his first success was published, the pickwick papers. this was followed by more novels: oliver twist (1837), nicholas nickleby (1838-39) and barnaby rudge (1841). he travelled to america later that year and aroused the hostility of the american press by supporting the abolition movement. in 1858 he divorced from his wife catherine, who had borne him ten children. during the 1840s his social criticism became more radical and his comedy more savage: novels like david copperfield (1849-50), a tale of two cities (1959), great expectations (1860-61) only increased his fame and respect. his last novel, the mystery of edwin drood was never completed and was later published posthumously.step 2: before you read please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling step 3: while you read cut/ the sentences into thought groups, blacken the predicates, underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives. step 4: after you read copy all the useful expressions into your expression book. if possible, make your own sentences with these expressions.

useful expressions from oliver asks for moreneed washing, try to, in this way, become wild with hunger, be tall for his age, be used to doing, pick out, it was…who…, stare at, for support, not until, no sooner…than…, seize somebody’s arms, rush into the room, be sure ofsentences made with expressions from module 31. that young thief needs a good beating!2. most young smokers who try to quit usually do so on their own instead of using recommended methods.3. in this way, i can finish the job ahead of time.4. his face became red with cold5. the merchant’s son is mature for his age.6.  i have always lived in the country but now i’m beginning to get used to living in the city.7. can you pick out your sister in this crowd?8. it was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday.9. it is so peaceful to stare at the clouds without a care in the world on bright warm sunny day.10. the old man held a stick for support.11. not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.12. no sooner said than done!13. he seized the gun from the enemy soldier.14. when the bell rang, students rushed into the classroom like bees.15. it is our responsibility as citizens to be sure of the truthfulness of information before we act on it or pass it on.step 5: drawing a diagram of the text to show its organizationoliver asks for morethe beginning of the film: the boys became quite wild with hunger children chose oliver to ask for more soup and he did so oliver was locked in a room and maybe would be hanged step 6: closing up by retelling the text to end this period we are going to retell the text with the help of the diagram above, using as many inversion sentences as possible.

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