一 : Where is she? She is ____.[ ]A. the USAB. in the o
Where is she? She is ____. |
[ ] |
A. the USA B. in the office |
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:期中题
考点:
考点名称:名词
名词:
是表示人、动物、地点、物品以及抽象概念的词。
名词分类:
一、根据其词汇意义,可分为专有名词和普通名词,
1.专有名词:
指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。具体说来,它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。如:
Jim 吉姆
China 中国
Mr. Smith 史密斯先生
July 七月
Friday 星期五
the Yellow River 黄河
Christmas 圣诞节
English 英语
A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》
注:专有名词的首字母通常要大写。若是专名名词词组,则其中每个单词的首字母要大写;若是缩略词,则通常每个字母都大写;
称呼家人的 mum, dad, father, mother 等有时也可小写。
2.普通名词:
指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。
具体地说,它可分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
其中个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体,如girl(女孩)等;
集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如 audience(观众,听众)等;
物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物,如water(水)等;
抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如work(工作),happiness(幸福)等。
普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词;
二、名词根据能否用数字计算标准,又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一般说来,个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的;
而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及小部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。
但是这种区分只是大致的,原则性的,并不是绝对的。比如,在通常情况下专有名词具有“独一无二”性,因此它通常没有复数形式,即不可数。
但是,专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的,随着范围的扩大,这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。
如在一个星期(week)内,只有一个星期六(Saturday), 一个星期日(Sunday)等,但是在一个月中甚至一年中,便有多个星期六,多个星期日了。
又如,在一个小范围内,可能只有一个 Henry,但在一个较大的范围内则可能有多个 Henry, 因此我们有时会见到类似以下这样的句子:
We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。
There are five Henrys in our school. 我们学校有五个亨利。
三、另外,物质名词在通常情况下不能分为个体,所以它通常是不可数的。
但是,在某些特殊情况下(如表示种类等),有些物质名词也可以连用不定冠词或用复数形式。如:
Will you have tea or coffee? 你喝茶还是喝咖啡?
Two coffees, please! 请来两杯咖啡!
再如,抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的,因此它通常是不可数的。
但是,有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词,表示具有某种性质的人、事物或行为(可数)。如:
She did this out of kindness. 她这样做是出于好心。(指抽象意义)
He has done me many kindnesses. 他对我很关心。(指好意的行为)
名词复数的变化规律:
1. 名词复数的规则变化
(1) 一般情况加词尾 -s,如 book / books, desk / desks等。
其读音规则是在清辅音后读[s],在元音和浊辅音后读[z]。
(2) 以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词,通常加词尾 -es:bus / buses, box / boxes, dish / dishes等。
(3) 以y 结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将 y 改为 ies;
以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s:city / cities, toy / toys, holiday / holidays 等。
2. 复数规则变化的几点说明
(1) 以 ch 结尾的名词变复数时加词尾-es,指的是 ch 读音为[tF]时;
若ch的读音为[k],则其复数应加词尾-s,如 stomach[tstQmEk]是 stomachs,而不是 stomaches。
(2) 以y结尾的专有名词,直接加词尾s变复数。如:
There are two Marys in our class. 我们班在两个玛丽。
(3) 以 o 结尾的名词,有些加词尾 -s,有些加-es,
但在中学英语范围内,以o结尾的名词变复数加词尾-es 的主要有以下4个:tomato(西红柿),potato(土豆),hero(英雄),Negro(黑人)。
注:有些以o 结尾的名词在变复数时加-s或-es均可,如zero / zero(e)s(零)等。
(4) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,也有两种可能:即有些直接加词尾-s,有些则把 f / fe 改为 ves:roof / roofs(屋顶),knife / knives(小刀)等。
但在中学英语范围内,要改 f / fe 为 ves 的只有以下10个词(它们都是日常生活中的常用词):
wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(树叶),thief(贼),half(一半),self(自己),shelf(架子),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)。
注:中学英语中的handkerchief(手帕)在变复数时有两种形式:
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves,但在现代英语中,以用 handkerchiefs 为多见。
3. 单数与复数同形的名词。这类名词不多,主要的有:
sheep 绵羊
fish 鱼
deer 鹿
Chinese 中国人
Japanese 日本人
Portuguese 葡萄牙人
Swiss 瑞士人
aircraft 飞行器
means 方法
series 系列
head (牛等的)头数
works 工厂
注:
(1) fish 有时也用 fishes 这样的复数形式,尤其是表示种类时;
head 若不是表示牲口的“头数”,而是表示“人的头”或“人数”,则要用 heads 这样的复数形式。
(2) 由汉语拼音形式出现的名词,其复数与单数同形,如 fifty yuan(5元),thirty fen(3角),five li(5里),ten mu(10亩)等。
4. 名词复数的不规则变化。有的名词单数变复数时,没有一定的规则,需特别记忆:
man / men 男人
woman / women 女人
child / children 小孩
tooth / teeth 牙齿
foot / feet 脚
goose / geese 鹅
mouse / mice 老鼠
ox / oxen 公牛
注:
(1) 一些以 man, woman 结尾的合成词,在构成复数时与 man, woman 的变化形式相同,
如:policeman / policemen(警察), Englishman / Englishmen (英国人),等等。
但是 human(人),German(德国人),Walkman(随身听)不是合成词,它们的复数要按一般规则变化,即为 humans, Germans, Walkmans,而不是 humen, Germen, Walkmen。
又如Bowman是姓,其复数是Bowmans,不是 Bowmen。
(2) foot表示“英尺”时,其复数可以有两种形式 feet / foot,
如:He is about six feet [foot] tall. 他大约6英尺高。
5. 复合名词变复数的方法。复合名词变复数通常是将其主要名词变为复数:
passer-by / passers-by 过路人
looker-on / lookers-on 旁观者
若没有主要名词,则通常在最后一个词尾加s:
know-all / know-alls 万事通
对于由man / woman用于另一名词前构成的合成名词,则需将两者变为复数:
man nurse / nurse doctors 男护士
woman lawyer / women lawyers 女律师
二 : — Where is Kate?— Look, _____, she is at the schoo
— Where is Kate? — Look, _____, she is at the school gate. |
[ ] |
A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is |
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:0110 期中题
考点:
考点名称:部分倒装
部分倒装的概念:
倒装英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前,这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要,需要将谓语动词放在主语之前,这种语序则叫倒装语序。主语和助动词倒置叫部分倒装。
部分倒装:
1、含有否定意义的副词位于句首时的倒装:
在正式文体中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装:
如:I shall never forgive him./ Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。
He seldom goes out for dinner./Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。
She hardly has time to listen to music./Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 他几乎没时间听音乐。
He little realize show important this meetingis./Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off./No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。
注:(1)对于not…until句型,当not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序:
如:He didn't leave the room until the rain stopped./Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
(2)某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装:
如:On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
In[Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是,in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序:
如:In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
2、“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装:
当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序:
如:Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。
3、“so+形容词或副词”位于句首时的倒装:
副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装:
如:So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑。
4、“So+助动词+主语”倒装:
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构:
如:You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。
If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。
注:(1)若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,则应将其中的so改为neither或nor:
如:You aren't young and neither am I. 你不年轻,我也不年轻。
She hasn't read it and nor have I. 她没有读它,我也没有读。
(2)注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别:
如:"It was cold yesterday." "So it was."“昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did."“爸爸,你答应过的。”“嗯,是答应过。”
5、由not only…but also引出的倒装:
当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时,not only后的句子通常用部分倒装形式:
如:Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。
6、虚拟条件句省略if后构成的倒装:
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句:
如:Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him. 若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。
Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么,可以给我打电话。
Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助,我会仍然无家可归。
注:省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词:
如:Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱,我就会买它。
三 : Unit 1 Where is your pen pal from教案
发布时间:2017-04-16
unit 1 where is your pen pal from教案
(section a)
ⅰ. teaching aims and demands
1. knowledge objects
names of some countries and cities. where is your pen pal from?
where does he/she live? what language do they speak? this is my
new pen pal?
what language does she speak? she speaks english.
2. ability objects
listening skill. writing skill. practice skill. communicative competence.
3. moral skill
be proud of being a china. make pen friends. know about more information about some countries.
ⅱ.teaching key point
the new words of this section. the language names
ⅲ. teaching difficulties
where is your pen pal from? she is from japan. where does he/she live? what language
does she speak? she speaks english.
ⅳ.teaching methods
listening and talking methods. pairwork. practice. discovering and checking methods.
ⅴ.teaching aids
a tape recorder. a world map. computer.
ⅵ.teaching procedures
stepⅰ
greet the class as usual.
stepⅱ 1a
1. first show the pictures of some countries on the screen. learn the names of
these countries.
2. now open your books. listen to the recording. please repeat the names of the
countries.(play the recording twice)
step ⅲ 1b
listen and circle the countries in 1a you hear.
play the recording the first time. students only listen. then a second time. this
time ask students to circle the country names they hear.
then check the answers.
stepⅳ 1c
read the conversations in the picture.
ask students to work in pairs, ask and answer questions about where they are from?
ask some pairs to present their conversations to the class.
stepⅴ. 2a
point to the chart and ask the students to write the name of a country in the blank
after each city.
stepⅵ. 2b, 2c, 2d
1. 2b listen and circle the cities and countries you hear on the recording.
2. 2c listen again and complete the chart.
3. 2d now use the information in the chart in 2c and make more conversations.
stepⅶ grammar focus
review the grammar box. ask students to say the questions and answers.
发布时间:2017-04-16
step ⅷ 3a, 3b,4
1. finish the chart of 3a , then choose a country and make a conversation.
2. quiz name the place! play this game.
stepⅸ summary
summary the information in section a.
stepⅹ homework
have more practice after class.
blackboard design
unit 1 where is your pen pal from?
where is your pen pal from?
he’s from canada.
where does he live?
he lives in england.
what language does she speak?
she speaks english.
四 : Where is —— (I) penciI box?
Where is —— (I) penciI box?
The yellow jacket is not ——(my).
Where is —— (I) penciI box?的参考答案
第一个。my 第二个。mine
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