一 : 2012高考文综全国卷及答案

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2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷）

文科综合能力测试

本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。第I卷1至8页，第II卷9至12页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：

1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

第I卷

本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

图1示意2008年中国、美国、印度、日本四个国家

的煤炭生产量和消费量。读图1并根据所学知识，完成1-2

题。

1.图示四个国家中，人均煤炭消费量最高的是

A.中国 B.美国 C.印度 D.日本

2.借助图示资料可以大致推算出相应国家的 A.单位GDP能耗 B.碳排放量

C.能源进出口量 D.煤炭自给率

某大河的一条支流与干流之间存在“吞吐”关系，图

2示意该支流出口处1970~2000年间年净径流量（输出径流量与输入径流之差）和年净输沙量（输出泥沙量和输入泥沙量之差）。根据图文资料和所学知识，完成3~5题。

3. 下列各时间段中，年净径流量与年净输沙量变化趋势最接近的是

A．1970年~1976年

C．1980年~1989年

4．该支流流入

A．黄河 B．长江

C．辽河 D．黑龙江 5．1983年以来，年净输沙量总体呈下降趋势，最可能的原因是该支流流域 A．建设用沙量增加 B．兴建水库的森林覆盖率提高

C．矿产资源开发力度加大 D．连续干旱

6月上旬某地约5时（地方时）日出，据此完成6～7 题

6．该地可能位于

A．亚马孙河河口附近

A．正东、正西 B．地中海沿岸 C．北冰洋沿岸 D．澳大利亚 7．6月份该地看到的日出和日落方向分别为 B．东南、西南 C．东北、西北 D．东南、西北 图3示意某地区人口密度。读图3，完成8～9题。

B． 1977年~1984年 D．1989年 ~ 2000年

8.该地区人口密度差异的主要影响因素有

①纬度②河流 ③降水④地形

A．①②B.①④C. ②③ D.②④

9.甲．乙两地都行成了特大城市，与甲地相比，

乙地形成城市的区位优势是

A.地形平坦 B.水源充足

C.陆路交通方便 D.水陆交通枢纽

图4示意长江中下游地区夏初某时的气

压系统。该气压系统以每天120千米的速度自

西向东移动。据此完成10～11题。

10.24小时后甲地主要吹

A .东北风 B .东南风 C .西北风

D .西南风 11.30～48小时之间，甲地可能经历 A.持续晴朗高温天气

沙尘暴天气

12.秦汉而后，官府下层文职人员俗称“刀笔吏”，这一称谓起因于秦汉时期此类人员的

A.工作器具

质

13.唐太宗说：“工商杂色之流……止可厚给财物，必不可超授官秩，与朝贤君子比肩而立，同坐而食。”在此唐太宗强调的是

A.防止官商勾结

商

14.王国维《宋元戏曲考》称：“凡一代有一代之文学……

唐之诗、宋之词、元之 B.维持社会等级 C.重义轻利 D.重农抑 B.工作内容 C.工作职责 D.工作性B.连绵阴雨天气 C.强对流降雨天气 D.

曲，皆所谓一代之文学，而后世莫能继焉者也。独元人之曲，为时既近，托体稍卑，故两朝史志与四库集部，均不著于录；后世儒硕，皆鄙弃不复道。”这反映了

A.元代文学不为后世所重视 C.士大夫对市民文化的排斥

B.厚古薄今的观念影响深刻 D.八股取士抑制文学形式

15.清帝雍正朱批谕旨说：“山右（今山西）大约商贾居首，其次者犹肯力农，再次者谋入营伍，最下者方令读书，朕所悉知，习俗殊可笑。”这反映出当地 A.商人的政治地位已经跃居首位 C.重农抑商政策并没有得到实施

B.学而优则仕的传统已被抛弃 D.传统观念因追求财富而改变

16.张謇评论某人时说：“以四朝之元老，筹三省之海防，统胜兵精卒五十营，设机厂、学堂六七处，历时二十年之久，用财数千万之多??曾无一端立于可战之地，以善可和之局。”张謇评论的是 A.曾国藩

B.李鸿章

C.张之洞

D.袁世凯

17.1928年，南京国民政府制定的《海关进口税则》确定进口货物税率为7.5～27.5％，这废止了近代某一条约的相关规定。这一条约是 A.《南京条约》 约》

18.1931年初，红一方面军开始侦察国民党军队的无线电通讯。1932年，红军破译了国民党军队的无线电通讯密码，这一成功 A.确保了红军对敌处于军事优势地位 了条件

C.加强了革命根据地间的协调作战能力 转变

19.1980年12月，我国颁发了改革开放后的第一份个体工商业营业执照。这表明

A. 公有制经济主体地位开始改变 B.城市经济体制改革全面展开 C. 企业承包经营责任制开始实行 D.单一所有制经济结构已被突破 20.一份历史文献“告人民书”指出，帝国、君主政体和议会制至今所强加给人民的，“是专制的、不合理的、专横的和令人难以忍受的集权”。这份历史文献出现于

A. 英国资产阶级革命时期 B.美国内战时期 C. 俄国二月革命期间 D.巴黎公社期间

21.1917年4月，列宁根据当时俄国政局的特点，不赞成立即推翻临时政府，主张首先争取全部政权归苏维埃，然后再把小资产阶级正当排除出苏维埃，建

D.有利于红军实现战略方针的

B.为红军取得战场主动权创造

B.《天津条约》

C.《马关条约》

D.《辛丑条

立无产阶级专政。列宁提出这一主张的重要依据是

A. 存在着两个政权并存局面 B.世界大战尚未结束

C. 红军取得了国内战争的胜利 D.尼古拉二世已经宣布退位

22.1941年6月，英国首相丘吉尔在得知纳粹德国进攻苏联后说，“如果希特勒入侵地狱，我也会在下院为恶魔说几句好话”。这反映出丘吉尔

A. 愿意承担绥靖政策失败的责任 B. 希望尽快开辟第二战场

C. 认为支持苏联符合英国利益 D. 力主建立反法西斯同盟

23.冷战期间，美苏两大阵营不断采取针锋相对的措施。北大西洋公约组织成立6年后，华沙条约组织于1955年宣告成立。促使华约成立的直接原因是

A. 第一次柏林危机 B. 两个德国分立

C. 联邦德国加入北约 D. 共产党情报局成立

24.2010年生产一件A商品的社会必要劳动时间为8小时，价值80元，全社会A商品的产量为10万件。如果2011年生产一件A商品的社会必要劳动时间缩短为4小时，那么，在其他条件不变的情况下，2011年A商品的全社会总产量、单位药品的价值量和社会价值总量分别是

A. 10万件、80元、800万元 B. 10万件、40元、400万元

D. 20万件、40元、800万元 C. 20万件、80元、1600万元

25. 2011年末，我国开始在交通运输业和部分现代服务业进行“营业税改增值税”的改革试点。之所以进行“营业税改增值税”的试点，是因为增值税

①不受企业盈亏影响

③税源广且便于征收 ②可以避免重复征税 ④能防止进货商品的偷漏税行为

C. ②④ D. A. ①② B. ①③

③④

26.银行发放贷款要收取一定的手续费和利息。收取手续费是因为银行提供了一定的服务（如记账、账户管理等）。收取贷款利息的理由是

A.银行居于垄断地位 B.银行信用高于商业信用

C.银行提供的资本是一种生产要素 D.银行是再生产顺利进行的枢纽

27.小明在某专卖店购买了一台计算机，正常使用一个月后计算机出现黑屏等故障。在与专卖店多次协商无果的情况下，小明决定采用其他手段维护自己的合法权益。他可以选择的维权手段有

A.消费者协会调解、行政部门处理、仲裁机关仲裁、法律诉讼

B.行政部门处理、仲裁机关仲裁、媒体曝光、法律诉讼

C. 消费者协会调解、行政部门处理、仲裁机关仲裁、媒体曝光

D. 行政部门处理、媒体曝光、仲裁机关仲裁、法律诉讼

28.物联网通过信息传感设备将各种物品与互联网连接起来，实现物品的自动识别、定位、跟踪、控制和信息的互换、共享。近年来，物联网技术发展迅速，越来越广泛地应用于经济和社会生活。这进一步佐证了

①人们可以根据自己的主观愿望创造事物之间的联系

②人们能够根据事物固有的联系建立新的具体的联系

③人为事物的联系因具有“人化”的特点而具有主观性

④联系具有普遍性，万事万物之间的联系多种多样

A.①③ B.②③ C.②④ D.③④

29.早期人类的生产生活往往依赖河流，视河流为主宰命运之神而顶礼膜拜。工业革命后，人类以河流的主人自居，肆意开发利用河流，遭到了河流的报复。今天，人们重新认识人与河流的关系，致力于追求人与河流的和谐。由此可见

①实践是物质性的活动，实践对认识具有决定作用

②实践具有目的性，认识的最终目的是形成理性认识

③实践具有历史性，认识必然打上历史和时代的烙印

④实践是有意识的活动，认识是促进实践发展的动力

A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.③④

30.某饭店老板请来许多一流的建筑师和工程师，探讨如何扩建狭小老旧的电梯。他们一致认为：饭店必须停业半年才能扩建好电梯。饭店一位清洁工说：“要是我，就会直接在屋外装上电梯。”根据清洁工的建议，新电梯很快就安装好了。这是建筑史上第一次把电梯安装在室外。这一案例表明

①丰富的专业知识是创新思维的源泉

维创新

③正确发现和提出问题是创新的首要环节 ④创新是对既有理论和实践的突破

A.①② B.②③ C.①④ D.③④ ②丰富的实践经验必然促进思

香港澳门回归祖国以来，“一国两制”方针得到全面贯彻实施，经济社会保持繁荣稳定。2011年12月，全国人大常委会就澳门特别行政区基本法关于特区行政长官产生办法和立法会产生办法的程序作出解释。2012年2月，全国人大常委会在审议澳门特别行政区行政长官提出的有关报告基础上，作出了关于澳门特别行政区2013年立法会产生办法和2014年行政长官产生办法有关问题的决定。回答31～32题。

31.全国人大常委会的上述法律解释和相关决定

①创新了国家结构形式

②保证了澳门特区的高度自治权 ④维护了基本法规定的中央的权力 C.②③ D.②④ ③限制了澳门特区的立法权 A.①③ B.①④

的生命力，是因为这一伟大构想 32.邓小平根据香港、台湾的历史和实际情况提出的“一国两制”之所以具有强大

①承认矛盾同一性是事物发展的源泉和重要动力

②坚持具体问题具体分析这一马克思主义的重要原则

③坚持一切从实际出发，使主观与客观相符合

④承认矛盾对立双方相互分离的倾向和趋势

A.①③ B.①④ C.②③ D.②④

33.在2012年2月召开的Z市八届人大常委会一次会议上，Z市市长提请关于市口岸局局长的任命并未通过。市长提请任命的任选被人大常委会否决，这说明

①地方人大是本行政区的国家权力机关

②人大常委会对政府工作行使了决定权

③人大常委会拥有对政府组成人员的任免权

④行政权力受到人大常委会的有效制衡

A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

34.目前，新疆有清真寺、教堂、佛道教寺庙等宗教活动场所约2.48万座、宗教教职人员2.9万多人。西藏有佛教活动场所1700多处，住寺僧尼约4.6万人，僧俗信教群众每年组织和参加各种宗教活动，每年到拉萨朝佛敬香的各族信教群众达百万人次以上，由此可见

①宗教信仰的本质已经发生变化②各民族享有宗教信仰的自由

③宗教信仰具有相同的阶级基础④正常的宗教活动受国家保护

A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

35.2010年12月23日，商务部根据《中华人民共和国反倾销条例》的规定，对原产于欧盟、美国和日本的进口相纸产品进行反倾销立案调查。根据调查结果和有关规定，中国政府作出决定，自2012年3月23日起，对原产于欧盟、美国和日本的进口相纸产品征收反倾销税，从上述材料可以看出

①竞争、合作和冲突已成为当今时代的主题

②中国与西方国家既有合作，又存在竞争和冲突

③维护国家利益是我国发展对外关系的出发点

④贸易冲突的实质是我国与西方国家的综合国力较量

A.①② B.②③ C.①④ D.③④

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

文科综合能力测试

第Ⅱ卷

注意事项：

1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.第Ⅱ卷共4页，请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，在试题卷上作答无效。 ．．．．．．．．．

36．（36分）阅读图文资料并结合所学知识，完成下列各题。

（注意：在试题卷上作答无效） ．．．．．．．．．

20世纪50年代以来，图5中我国境内某些区域建立了许多国营农场，引种优质长绒棉，目前，这些区域的棉区是我国最大的商品棉生产基地，种植规模大，机械化水平高，近年来，每至棉花收获季节，数十万外地民工前来这里采摘棉花。

（1）推断并说明这些国营农场的分布规律，分析这些地区种植优质长绒棉的有利条件。（12分）

（2）距消费市场较远却并未影响该区域商品棉销售，请解释原因。（6分）

（3）说明该区域商品棉生产的现实性因素。（6分）

（4）分析该区域过度扩大棉花种植面积对区域环境的影响。（12分）

37．（32分）阅读材料并结合所学知识，完成下列各题。

（注意：在试题卷上作答无效） ．．．．．．．．．

材料一

1851年英国举办“万国工业博览会”，有10个国家接受邀请，此为世界博览会的开始，后来逐步发展成为世界性盛会，为了显示国力，英国政府耗用4000多吨铁和400吨玻璃，建造了一座长逾1800英尺、高逾100英尺的“水晶宫”。此次博览会令人瞩目的展品当属引擎、印刷机和纺织机械等产品。在19世纪，原材料、机械、工业制品及雕塑作品成为世博会的主要展品，蒸汽机、混凝土、铝制品、橡胶、缝纫机、印刷机、火车、电动马达等相继成为展会上的新宠。

——摘编自霍勒斯〃格里利《水晶宫及其经验》

材料二

第一届伦敦世博会上，中国的展品包括瓷器、屏风、象牙雕刻、珐琅彩铜器、大理石群像等，“荣记湖丝”获得“制造业和手工业”奖牌。1876年费城世博会中国馆展出了丝、茶、瓷器、绸缎、铜器、雕花器和景泰蓝等。1889年巴黎世博会中国馆正中可见“大清国”三字，门口对联有“中国有圣人”、“此乡多宝玉”字样。1893年芝加哥世博会中中国村内的中国戏院，带有明显西方风格。1904年圣路易斯世博会的中国馆是满族王公住宅的复制品，摆有中华圣母像。“中华圣母”着慈禧太后服饰，保留圣母玛利亚的面貌，圣母左手抱身着中国服饰的耶稣。在1915年巴拿马世博会上，西湖48景相册等获金奖，另有中国绘画作品42件，包括唐朝吴道子、宋朝马远、明朝唐伯虎等人的作品。

——摘编自马敏等编《博览会与近代中国》等

材料三

（1）根据材料一并结合所学知识，简要说明“万国工业博览会”举办的背景及其意义。（8分）

（2）根据材料一、二并结合所学知识，

概括指出世博会上中西展品的特点，

并分析中国展品特点形成的原因。（12分）

（3）根据材料和所学知识，指出19世纪和20世纪世博会所体现的社会发展理念的变化，并分析这种变化的原因。（12分）

38.（32分）阅读材料，完成下列各题。（注意：在试卷上作答无效）

改革开放以来，越来越多的农民从土地上转移出来，到城市务工，目前，全国农民工总数超过2亿，其中进城务工的农民工达1.2亿左右。农民工对推动我国经济社会发展做出了巨大贡献。

材料一：据调查，2004年我国东部沿海地区一些企业出现了“招工难”问题，2009年以来，大范围的“民工荒”再次在这些地区出现，不仅缺工人群由技术工人扩展到普通工人，而且缺工的时间分布由“季节性”、“阶段性”向“常态化”、“全年性”转变，从农民工找不到工作的“民工慌”，到目前企业招工难的“民工慌”，东部沿海地区的劳动力市场经历了一次大的转变。

材料二：在农村外出务工群体中，“80后”、“90后”出生的“新生代农民工”约占60%，他们希望通过进城务工来改变自己的生活，但客观存在的城乡差距让他们遇到许多实际生活问题，一些不平等现象也让他们产生了较大的心里落差。这引起了社会的广泛关注。

党和政府深入贯彻落实科学发展观，坚持以人为本，统筹城乡发展，将解决“三农问题”视为各项工作的重中之重，不断研究新生代农民工面临的新情况新问题。2010年中央一号文件提出要“采取有针对性的措施，着力解决新生代农民问题”。

(1)运用所学经济知识，结合我国当前社会经济发展实际，分析东部沿海地区出现“民工荒”的原因。(9分)

(2)党和政府高度关注并着力解决新生代农民工问题，运用社会存在与社会意识辩证关系原理对此加以说明。(10分)

(3)党和政府为什么重视新生代农民工问题?结合国家职能相关知识提出解决新生代农民工问题的政策建议。(13分)

39.(60分)阅读图文资料，完成下列各题（注意：在试题卷上作答无效）

20世纪80年代以来，考古工作者在广州等地陆续发现了南越王墓等重要历史遗迹，这些发现对研究岭南历史有重要的价值。

材料一：秦始皇兼并六国后，开凿灵渠，攻打百越，设置南海、桂林、象郡三郡，秦汉之际，中原战乱，秦南海郡龙川县令赵佗举兵兼并三郡，自称南岳武王，定居番禹（今广州市）。于通向内地的各个关口屯兵，“绝道聚兵自守”

刘邦称帝后，民生凋敝，无力南征，遂封赵佗为南越王，“与剖符通使”，命其“和集百越，毋为南边患害”，开通关市 ，南岳国乘机发展，广泛使用铁器工

具，海内外贸易也相当活跃，吕后执政，汉朝“禁南越国关市铁器”，赵佗遂自称南越武帝，举兵北犯，战争持续了一年多。吕后去世后，双方罢兵休战。赵佗又以财物收买附属于汉朝的闽越等部族，势力所及，“东西万余里”，“以兵威边”。赵佗以皇帝自居，“与中国侔(对等)”。汉文帝实行休养生息政策，遣使对赵佗“自立为帝”的行为予以谴责。赵佗迫于压力，表示“去帝制”，继续f((为藩臣，奉贡职”，但在内部，“窃如故号名”。

汉武帝决心彻底解决南越国问题，要求南越王赵兴入朝，“用汉法，比内诸侯”。南越国相吕嘉等杀汉朝使者及主张“内属”的南越王、王太后，“发兵守要害处”。公元前111年，汉军十万分数路越岭，平定南越并将其地分设为九郡，实行与内地统一的制度法令。

——据《史记》等

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识，概括指出汉朝对岭南地区政策的变化及其原因。(12分)

(2)根据材料一并结合所学知识，说明西汉平定南越的历史意义。(8分)

材料二：图6示意灵渠位置。

(3)从军事角度指出秦开凿灵渠的主要目的，说明原因。（12分）

(4)说明灵渠的开凿对当时区域间联系的意义。(8分 )

(5)西汉王朝建立之后，立足现实，采取措施，巩固政权，加强中央集权，运用主次矛盾辩证关系原理对此加以分析。(10分

)

材料三

白驹过隙越千年，往事如烟话沧桑。以广州为中心的珠江三角洲地区，经过改革开放30多年的发展，现在已成为拥有超过6 000万人口的中国最密集的城市群，年工业生产总值超过7000亿美元的“世界工厂”。

在改革开放的过程中，珠江三角洲的一些地区利用国家赋予的优惠政策、毗邻香港的独特区位优势、低廉的土地成本和内地的廉价劳动力资源，吸引外来的资金、技术和人才，大力发展出口导向型的“三来一补”贸易，逐步在家电、电子信息、玩具、服装等产业领域形成巨大的生产规模， 占据了较大的国际市场份额，创立了快速工业化的经济发展模式，促进了珠三角经济的快速发展．但近年来，对珠三角上述地区经济发展模式的争论逐步增多，尤其在国际金融危机、国内经济结构调整的背景下，越来越多的人开始对这一经济发展模式进行反思。

(6)结合材料三和所学经济知识，联系当前实际对该经济发展模式进行简要评析。 (10分)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

文科综合能力测试答案及评分参考

评分说明：

1．非选择题部分，若考生答案与本答案不完全相同，但言之有理，可酌情给分，但

不得超过该题所分配的分数。

2．考生答案中，中国地名出现错别字一般不给分；外国地名应以地图出版社出版的

世界地图集为依据评分，若出现同音字可酌情给分。

I卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。

1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B

6．B 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．B

11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D

16．B 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．D

21．A 22．C 23．C 24．D 25．C

26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D

31．D 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．B

Ⅱ卷共4大题，共160分。

36．(36分)

(1)分布规律：盆地周围绿洲地带(山前洪积—冲积扇地带)。(3分)

有利条件：(棉花生长期)光照充足，热量充足，有灌溉条件。(9分)

(2)棉花易储存、易运输(交通条件改善)；棉花品质优良(我国最大的长绒棉生产基地)，市场需求量大。(6分)

(3)劳动力不足，在棉花采摘期尤为突出；气候干旱(降水稀少)，水资源有限。(6分)

(4)过度扩大棉花种植面积，会过度消耗水资源，导致河流下游水量大减甚至断流；(4分)荒漠化扩展、绿洲消失(生态环境恶化)；(4分)灌溉用水过量(与排水失衡)，会引起地下水位上升，(造成盐分在土壤表层积累)引发土壤的次生盐碱(渍)化。(4分)(其他合理答案酌情评分)

37． (32分)

(1)背景：英国完成工业革命，成为世界工业强国；世界各国联系加强。 意义：提升了英国的国际影响；开创举办世博会的先河；提供了各国展示文明成果的重要平台，有利于科技创新和经济文化交流。(8分)

(2)特点：中国：以传统工艺、美术、手工业品为主；有西方色彩。

西方：以先进科技成果、工业品为主。

原因：中国文化源远流长，农业文明高度发达，手工业技术精湛；现代化滞后，工业发展程度低；中西文化交流增强。(12分)

(3)变化：19世纪关注科技与工业的发展；20世纪更关注人类和平、和谐以及人与自然的关系。

原因：世界大战造成的灾难；科技作用的两重性受到关注：冷战凸显对抗的危险；经济全球化，片面追求经济发展导致环境、资源问题；技术革命展示了新的发展前景。(12分)

38．(32分)

(1)农民工工资偏低，没有完善的医疗、工伤保险等保障；产业向中西部转移，吸引农民工就近务工；政府的惠农政策、农业自身发展等增加了务农收益：新生代农民工的就业观念影响其就业选择；产业升级换代提高了对用工技能的要求。(每答出一项给3分，答出任意三项给满分9分)

(2)社会存在决定社会意识，社会意识对社会存在具有能动作用，先进的社会意识对社会存在的发展起促进作用。(4分)党和政府高度重视新生代农民工进城务工面临的新情况，形成了着力解决新问题、促进社会和谐的认识：(3分)以科学发展观为指导，制定政策措施，促进了新生代农民工问题的解决。(3分)

(3)①是党的执政为民理念和政府对人民负责原则的要求；(2分)新生代农民工已成为城市建设与经济发展的重要力量；(2分)促进农民工融入城市，维护社会稳定。(2分)

②履行国家社会公共服务职能：(2分)加强和创新社会管理，让农民工享有与市民同等的公共服务和社会保障；(3分)加强职业技能培训，为农民工创造更多就业机会。(2分)

39．(60分)

(1)变化：从承认南越国半独立状态到制度统一，从尽力维持和平到武力解决。

原因：汉朝社会经济状态从凋敝到繁荣；汉朝政治上从分封诸侯王到全面解决诸侯王问题，北方匈奴的威胁基本解决；南越国经济发展，分立的趋势明显。(12分)

(2)结束了南越的分立局面；巩固了多民族国家的统一；加强了对岭南地区的管理；促进了各地区之间经济、文化交流；推动了边疆地区的发展。(8分)

(3)主要目的是运输粮食等物资，保障军队的后勤供给。(3分)原因是(对秦政权而言，岭南地区位置偏远，远途劳军以至长期统治，保障后勤供给尤为重要。)岭南地区地形崎岖(丘陵广布)，植被茂密，陆路交通不畅。(3分)在当时的条件下，大量物资的运输以水路为主。(3分)南岭阻断了长江水系和珠江水系的水路联系。(3分)

(4)(南岭为长江水系和珠江水系的分水岭)灵渠连接湘江和漓江，沟通长江水系和珠江水系，扩大了水路交通运输的范围；(4分)促进了岭南地区与长江流域以至北方地区的经济、贸易和文化交流；(2分)有利于岭南地区经济、文化的发展。(2分)

(5)西汉王朝建立之初，面临经济凋敝、南越割据等各种矛盾，它们的地位和作用并不平衡，其中经济凋敝与王朝稳定的矛盾是主要矛盾。(2分)主次矛盾相互影响。统治者采取休养生息政策，着力发展经济，而对南越采取安抚政策。(4分)主次矛盾在一定条件下相互转化。国力强盛后，消除地方割据、实现国家统一成为统治者需要解决的主要问题，汉武帝平定内乱、设置郡县。(4分)

(6)长处：产业容易被复制并产生规模效应：产品进入国际市场便捷：可以充分利用外资。(每答出一项给2分，答出任意两项可得满分4分，其他答案言之成理可给相应分数)

局限性：对政策依赖性强；易受国际市场变化的影响：处于制造业产业链的低端，利润微薄：可持续发展能力弱；易受资源能源和劳动力短缺的制约。(每答出一项给2分，答出任意三项可得满分6分)

二 : 2015年高考江苏卷语文试题及答案解析Word版（转）

2015年高考江苏卷语文试题及答案解析Word版——

语文Ⅰ试题

一、语言文字运用（15分）

1．在下面一段话空缺处依次填人词语，最恰当的一组是（3分）

书是整个人类的记忆。没有书，也许历史还在混沌未开的蒙昧中▲。读书，让绵延的时光穿越我们的身体，让几千年来▲的智慧在我们每一个人的血液里汩汩流淌。读书，不仅需要▲的精神，还需要懂得快慢精粗之分。

A．徘徊积聚宵衣旰食B．徘徊积淀废寝忘食

C．踟蹰 积淀宵衣旰食D．踟蹰 积聚废寝忘食

【答案】B（①徘徊：在一个地方来回地走；比喻犹豫不决；比喻事物在某个范围内来回波动、起伏。踟蹰：心里迟疑，要走不走的样子。②积聚：积累。积淀：动词，积累沉淀；名词，所积累沉淀下来的事物。③宵衣旰食：天不亮就穿衣起来，天黑了才吃饭，形容勤于政务。废寝忘食：顾不得睡觉和吃饭，形容非常专心努力。）

2．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是（3分）

A．英国政府计划从今年9月开始，推行4到5岁幼童将接受语文和算术能力的“基准测验”，此政策遭到了教师工会的强烈反对。

B．一种观念只有被人们普遍接受、理解和掌握并转化为整个社会的群体意识，才能成为人们白觉遵守和奉行的准则。

C.批评或许有对有错，甚至偏激，但只要出于善意，没有违犯法律法规，没有损害公序良俗，我们就应该以包容的心态对待。

D．今年5月9日是俄罗斯卫国战争胜利70周年，有近30个国家和国际组织的领导人参加了在莫斯科红场举行的阅兵式。

【答案】C（A.删除“将”；“推行”缺少宾语，可在“‘基准测验’”后加“的政策”。B.应将“接受、理解和掌握”改为“理解、接受和掌握”。D.应在“70周年”后加“纪念日”；表意不明，“有近30个国家和国际组织的领导人”有歧义，可改为“有来自近30个国家和国际组织的领导人”。）

3．下列诗句中，没有使用比拟手法的一项是（3分）

A．东风便试新刀尺，万叶千花一手裁。B．浮萍破处见山影，小艇归时闻草声。

C．有情芍药含春泪，无力蔷薇卧晓枝。D．唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书。

【答案】B（比拟的辞格是将人比作物、将物比做人，或将甲物化为乙物。运用这种辞格能收到特有的修辞效果：或增添特有的情味，或把事物写得神形毕现，栩栩如生，抒发爱憎分明的感情。A.由“试新刀尺”“一手裁”可知将“东风”拟人化。C. 由“有情”“含春泪”“无力”“卧”可知将“芍药”“蔷薇”拟人化。D. 由“旧相识”“偷开门户”“翻书”可知将“南风”拟人化。）

4．在下面一段文字横线处填人语句，衔接最恰当的一项是（3分）

自宋元至明清，清明节除了要祭扫家墓，还要在门楣、窗户上插上柳条。▲，

▲。▲，▲，▲，▲。

①达到人丁兴旺、身体健康的目的②于是在郊游踏青时

③它便成了人类文化中生命力的象征

④人们企盼将这种生命力转移到自家门庭和家庭成员身上

⑤不会忘记顺便折一些柳条回来

⑥由于柳树最先送来春的消息并且具有旺盛的生殖力

A.⑥③④①②⑤B.②⑤①④⑥③C.②④⑥③①⑤D.⑥④②⑤③①

【答案】A（横线处前文描写了“在门楣、窗户上插上柳条”的现象，横线处首先应该对这种现象进行分析，⑥是这种习俗的动机，因此应为首句，排除B、C两项。③中“生命力”是对⑥中柳树“生殖力”的升华，因此⑥③相连。④中“这种生命力”承接③，①进一步阐释④，②⑤在语段的最后表明上述文化心理因素产生的行为结果。）

5．下列对“中国文化遗产”标志理解不恰当的一项是（3分）——图（略）

A．标志整体呈圆形，既体现民族团结、和谐包容的文化内涵，也体现文化遗产保护的理念。

B．标志中的太阳神鸟图案动感很强，既体现中国文化强大的向心力，也体现自强不息的民族精神。

C．标志中的神鸟与太阳光芒的数目，暗合中国文化中四季、四方、十二生肖、十二时辰等元素。

D．标志中光芒四射的太阳，既象征着光明、生命和永恒，也象征着我国飞速发展的文化产业。

【答案】D（错在“也象征着我国飞速发展的文化产业”。“文化遗产”与“文化产业”不是同一概念。文化遗产，概念上分为有形文化遗产、无形文化遗产。包括物质文化遗产和非物质文化遗产。物质文化遗产是具有历史、艺术和科学价值的文物；非物质文化遗产是指各种以非物质形态存在的与群众生活密切相关、世代相承的传统文化表现形式。文化产业，这一术语产生于二十世纪初。最初出现在霍克海默和阿多诺合著的《启蒙辩证法》一书之中。文化产业作为一种特殊的文化形态和特殊的经济形态，影响了人民对文化产业的本质把握，不同国家从不同角度看文化产业有不同的理解。）

二、文言文阅读（18分）

阅读下面的文言文，完成6—9题。

欧阳伯和墓志铭

张耒

君欧阳氏，讳发，字伯和，庐陵人，太子少师文忠公讳修之长子也。为人纯实不欺．内外如一，淡薄无嗜好，而笃志好礼，刻苦于学。胡瑗掌太学，号大儒，以法度检束士，其徒少能从之。是时文忠公已贵，君年十有五，师事瑗，恂恂惟谨，又尽能传授古乐钟律之说。

既长，益学问，不治科举文词，独探古始立论议，自书契以来至今，君臣世系，制度文物，旁至天文地理，无所不学。其学不务为抄掠应目前，必刮剖根本见终始，论次使族分部列，考之必得，得之必可用也。呜乎！其志亦大矣。然其与人不苟合，论事是是非非，遇权贵不少屈下，要必申其意，用是亦不肯轻试其所有，而人亦罕能知君者。而君之死也，今眉山苏公子瞻哭之，以为君得文忠之学，汉伯喈、晋茂先之徒也。

君为殿中丞时，曹太后崩，诏定皇曾孙服制。礼官陈公襄疑未决，方赴临，召君问其制，君从容为言，裹即奏用之。是时，方下司天监讨论古占书是否同异，折中为天文书，久未就，而襄方总监事，即荐君刊修。君为推考是非，取舍比次，书成，诏藏太史局。

君治官无大小，不苟简，所创立，后人不能更。其著书有《古今系谱图》《国朝二府年表》《年号录》，其未成者尚数十篇。

夫人吴氏，故丞相正宪公充之女，封寿安县君。男一人，日宪，滑州韦城县主簿。女七人。元祜四年十一月甲子，葬君郑州新郑县旌贤乡刘村文忠公之兆，而宪来求铭。（选自《张耒集》，有删节）

6．对下列加点词的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）

A．为人纯实不欺欺：欺骗B．不治科举文词治：研究

C．要必申其意 申：施展D．召君问其制问：询问

【答案】C（申：表明。）

7．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）

A．欧阳发学习刻苦，尊师重道。十五岁时拜胡瑗为师，后来能够传授古乐钟律方面的学问。

B．欧阳发为人诚实，淡薄名利，爱好礼义。他性格刚直，议论事情坚持原则，不随意迎合别人。

C．曹太后去世后，欧阳发帮助陈襄解决了皇曾孙服制的问题。后经陈襄推荐，欧阳发参与修订完成天文书。

D．欧阳发道德学问俱佳，不傀是名门之后。他去世后，苏轼感到很悲伤，让张耒写下了这篇墓志铭。

【答案】D（不是苏轼让张耒写下了这篇墓志铭，而是“而宪来求铭”。）

8．把文中面线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（8分）

(1)胡瑗掌太学，号大儒，以法度检束士，其徒少能从之。

【答案】胡瑗掌管太学，人称大儒，用法度来检点约束士人，他的学生很少能跟从他。【思路点拨】“掌”“号”“检束”“徒”个1分。

(2)君治官无大小，不苟简，所创立，后人不能更。

【答案】欧阳发担任官职无论大小，都不草率简略，创立的东西，后来的人不能更改。【思路点拨】“治”“苟简”“更”及所字结构个1分。

9．欧阳发在治学方面有哪些特点？请简要概括。（4分）

【答案】 勤奋刻苦，广泛涉猎，刨根究底，分门别类，学以致用。 【思路点拨】解答此题首先必须明确答题区间。欧阳发治学在文章第二段前两句。根据“既长,益学问,不治科举文词,独探古始立论议”可概括出勤奋刻苦；根据“自书契以来至今,君臣世系,制度文物,旁至天文地理,无所不学”可概括出广泛涉猎；根据“其学不务为抄掠应目前,必刮剖根本见终始”可概括出刨根究底；根据“论次使族分部列”可概括出分门别类；根据“考之必得，得之必可用也”可概括出学以致用。

【参考译文】

欧阳发,字伯和,庐陵人,是太子少师欧阳修的长子。他为人纯良诚实不欺骗,内外如一,淡薄没有不好嗜好,并且广泛学习而意志坚定，爱好礼义,学习刻苦。胡瑗掌管太学，人称大儒，用法度来检点约束士人，他的学生很少能跟从他。这时欧阳修已经显贵,欧阳发十五岁,拜胡瑗为师, 恭谨温顺非常谨慎,并完全能够传授古乐钟律方面的学问。

欧阳发成年之后,更加钻研学问,但不研究科举方面的文词,只探究远古立论议,自从有契约等书面凭证书契以来到现在,君臣世系,制度文物,其他到天文地理,没有不学习的。他的学问不致力于抄掠来应付目前,一定刨根究底发现事物发生演变的全过程,论定编次分门别类，研究一定有所得，有所得一定可以致用。唉!他的志向也够伟大的了。然而他不随意迎合别人,谈论事情的是是非非,遇到权贵也不会稍微屈服,重大的一定表明他的心意,因此也不肯轻意表现出他所有方面,人们也很少能够真正了解欧阳发。欧阳发死的时候,现在眉山苏轼为他悲哭,认为欧阳发学到了欧阳修的学问,是汉伯喈、晋茂先的学生。

欧阳发担任殿中丞时,曹太后去世,下诏确定皇曾孙的服制。礼官陈襄犹豫不决,将要前往,召唤欧阳发询问他服制的问题,欧阳发从容应答,陈襄随即奏请皇上重用欧阳发。这时,正到任司天监讨论古占书是否同异,折中为天文书,很久没有完成,陈襄刚好担任总监事,于是推荐欧阳发修订。欧阳发便追究考查是非曲直,取舍排列次序,书稿完成,皇上下诏藏在太史局。

欧阳发担任官职无论大小，都不草率简略，创立的东西，后来的人不能更改。他的著述有《古今系谱图》《国朝二府年表》《年号录》,那些没有完成的还有几十篇。

夫人姓吴,是原来丞相正宪公充的女儿,被封为寿安县君。生了一个男孩,名叫欧阳宪,担任滑州韦城县主簿。生了七个女孩。元祐四年十一月甲子,将欧阳发安葬在郑州新郑县旌贤乡刘村欧阳修的墓地旁,欧阳宪前来请求我写篇墓志铭。

三、古诗词鉴赏（11分）

10.阅读下面这首唐诗，回答问题。

秋日题窦员外崇德里新居

刘禹锡

长爱街西风景闲，到君居处暂开颜。清光门外一渠水，秋色墙头数点山。

疏种碧松通月朗，多栽红药待春还。莫言堆案无余地，认得诗人在此间。

注：堆案，堆积案头，谓文书甚多。

(1)联系全诗，概括作者“开颜”的原因。（4分）

【答案】朋友新居落成；周围景色优美；自己心情闲适；主人品位高雅；宾主志同道合。

【思路点拨】根据标题“题窦员外崇德里新居”可概括出朋友新居落成；根据“长爱街西风景闲”可概括出自己心情闲适；根据颔联可概括出周围景色优美；根据颈联可概括出主人品位高雅；根据“认得诗人在此间”可概括出宾主志同道合（都喜欢诗歌，都喜欢闲适）。

(2)简要赏析颔联、颈联的写景艺术。（4分）

【答案】选取景物，铺陈描摹；移步换景，富有层次（由远及近、由外而内）；虚实结合，寓情于景。

【思路点拨】两联选取“一渠水”“数点山”“碧松”“红药”等景物进行铺陈描摹；颔联写院外的远景，颈联写院内的近景；这两联前三句是实景，第四句是虚景。

(3)尾联表达了作者什么样的情感？（3分）

【答案】赞美恭维之意；羡慕向往之情；志趣相同之感。

【思路点拨】根据“诗人在此间”（原来诗人在此间），可以表现出诗人对窦员外的恭维之意；根据“在此间”，可以表现出诗人的向往之情；诗人和窦员外都喜欢诗歌，诗人和窦员外都喜欢闲适，可以表现出他们志趣相同。

【赏析】

刘禹锡，唐代中晚期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马（今湖南常德）。

这首律诗可分三层。首联为第一层，是说诗人长久喜爱街西悠闲的风景，来到窦员外居处突然“开颜”（露出微笑）；中间两联为第二层，是说窦员外居处无论院外还是院内景物都非常秀丽幽静；尾联为第三层，是说诗人和窦员外志趣相同。整首诗语言清新隽秀，景色秀丽幽静，表现出诗人积极乐观的心态。

“长爱街西风景闲，到君居处暂开颜”，道出了不少文人的心声，为我们透露的是诗人对“闲”的生活和情态的欣赏与向往。刘禹锡性格刚毅，饶有豪猛之气。在忧患相仍的谪居年月里，确实感到了沉重的心理苦闷，这首诗中也能听出作者吟出了一曲曲孤臣的哀唱。

四、名句名篇默写（8分）

11．补写出下列名句名篇中的空缺部分。

(1)总角之宴，言笑晏晏。▲，不思其反。（《诗经·卫风·氓》）

(2)风急天高猿啸哀，▲。（杜甫《登高》）

(3)▲，其为惑也终不解矣。（韩愈《师说》）

(4)中通外直，▲。（周敦颐《爱莲说》）

(5)塞下秋来风景异，▲。（范仲淹《渔家傲》）

(6)▲，徘徊于斗牛之间。（苏轼《赤壁赋》）

(7)兴于《诗》，立于礼，▲。（《论语·泰伯》）

(8)落红不是无情物，▲。（龚自珍《己亥杂诗》）

【答案】（1）信誓旦旦（2）渚清沙白鸟飞回（3）惑而不从师（4）不蔓不枝（5）衡阳雁去无留意（6）月出于东山之上（7）成于乐（8）化作春泥更护花【思路点拨】每空1分，错、漏、缺1处则该空不得分。第一句易错字“誓”，第二句易错字“渚”，第三句易错字“惑”，第四句易错字“蔓”，第五句易错字“雁”，第六句易漏字“于”，第七句“成于乐”比较生疏，第八句易错字“作”。

五、现代文阅读（一）（20分）

阅读下面的作品，完成12~15题。

比邻而居（王安忆）

①装修的时候，有人提醒我，不要使用这条公共烟道，应该堵上，另外在外墙上打一个洞，安置排油烟机的管子。可是，我没听他的。好了，现在，邻居家的油烟就通过我家的排油烟机管道，灌满了厨房。

②我可以确定，我家厨房的油烟仅来自于其中一家，因为油烟的气味是一种风格。怎么说？它特别火爆。花椒、辣子、葱、姜、蒜、八角，在热油锅里炸了，轰轰烈烈起来了。这家人在吃方面还有一个特征，就是每顿必烧，从不将就。时间长了，我对他们生出一些好感，觉得他们过日子有着一股子认真劲：一点不混。并且，也不奢侈。他们老老实实，一餐一饭地烧着，一股浓油赤酱的味，使人感到，是出力气干活的人的胃口和口味，实打实的，没有半点子虚头。在我的印象中，他们没落下过一顿。他们在吃的方面，一是有规律，二是很节制。这些，都给人富足而质朴的印象，是小康的生活气息。

③有一段日子，在一日三餐之外，这家人还增添了两次草药的气味。草药的气味也是浓烈的，“扑”一下进来，涌满了厨房。不知是因为草药气的影响，还是实际情况如此，一日三餐的气味不那么浓郁了。倒不是变得清淡，而是带些偃旗息鼓的意思，、这段日子蛮长的，这么算吧，每周炖一次鸡汤，总共炖了四至五次．草药的苦气味和鸡汤的香味，是这段时间油烟味的基调。这也是认真养病的气味：耐心，持恒，积极，执着。

④之后，忽然有一天，我家的厨房里滚滚而来一股羊肉汤的气味。这就知道，他们家人的病好了，要重重地补偿一下，犒劳一下，、倒不是吃得有多好，但它确有一种盛宴的气氛，带有古意。古人们庆贺战功，不就是宰羊吗？果然，草药味从此消遁，炖汤的绵长的气味也消遁，余下一日三餐，火爆爆地，照常进行。

⑤在较长一段稔熟的相处之后，我家厨房来了一个不速之客，那是一缕咖啡的香气。这是另一路的气味，和他们家绝无相干。它悄悄地，夹在花椒炸锅的油烟里，进来了。这是一股子虚无的气息，有一种浮华的意思在里面，和他们家实惠的风格大相径庭。因此，我断定，这又是一户新入住的人家，很没经验地，也将管子接进了烟道，又恰逢顺时顺风，于是，来到我家厨房凑热闹了。这一路的风格显然要温和、光滑一些，比较具有装饰感，唤起人的遐想。和它不那么实用的性格相符，它并不是按着一日三餐来，不大有定规，有时一日来一次，有时一日来两次，有时一日里一次不来，来时也不在吃饭的点上，而是想起了，就来，想不起，就不来，显得有些孱弱似的。而那先来的，从来一顿不落，转眼间，油烟全面铺开，又转眼间，油烟席卷而去，总是叱咤风云的气势。但是，有时候，夜已经很深了，那新来的，悄然而至。咖啡的微苦的香味，弥漫开来。

⑥气味终究有些杂了，可是泾渭分明，绝不混淆。你来我往，此起彼伏。再过段日子，又来了一个，显见得是苏锡帮的，气味特别甜，空气都能拉出丝来了。第四位又来了，它一方面缺乏个性，另一方面又颇善融会贯通。它什么都来：香、辣、酸、甜，大蒜有，大蒜粉也有，麻油有，橄榄油也有。于是，所有的气味全打成一团，再分不出谁是谁的来路。我们这些比邻而居的人家，就这样，不分彼此地聚集在了一处。

⑦这一日，厨房里传出了艾草的熏烟。原来，端午又到了。艾草味里，所有的气味都安静下来，只由它弥漫，散开。一年之中的油垢，在这草本的芬芳中，一点点消除。渐渐的，连空气也变了颜色，有一种灰和白在其中洇染，洇染成青色的。明净的空气其实并不是透明，它有它的颜色。（有删改）

12．文章③④两段写第一家的草药味，凸显了这家人什么样的生活风格？请简要分析。（4分）

【答案】病了也认真生活，凸显出一种实打实的风格；草药味的出现于消失都没有打断实打实的生活，可见此种风格的韧性。

【思路点拨】根据“这段日子蛮长的,这么算吧,每周炖一次鸡汤,总共炖了四至五次”“这也是认真养病的气味”可概括出病了也认真生活，凸显出一种实打实的风格；根据“每周炖一次鸡汤”“这就知道,他们家人的病好了,要重重地补偿一下,犒劳一下”“这也是认真养病的气味:耐心,持恒,积极,执着”可概括出从这实打实的生活中足见此种风格的韧性。

13.请结合文章内容，说明第⑤段中“孱弱”的含意。（4分）

【答案】相对第一家的气味，咖啡的味道较弱；生活不大有定规；日常化的生活气息不浓烈；有虚无浮华的气息，不如第一家实打实。

【思路点拨】要解答此题需要弄清本段层次。前两句总写；第三至六句讲的是这家有虚无浮华的气息；第七句讲的是这家生活不大有定规以及咖啡的味道较弱；第八至第十句讲的是日常化的生活气息不浓烈。

14．文章的叙述线索是什么？设置这一线索有什么作用？（6分）

【答案】（1）线索：气味。（2）作用：以“气味”为线索，贯串全文，便于把不同的生活状态呈现出来；以“气味”为线索，体现不同的生活风格，便与表达理解和包容各种生活状态的思想。

【思路点拨】文章第二段“我家厨房的油烟仅来自于其中一家,因为油烟的气味是一种风格”是文章的中心句，据此可以确定本文叙述线索是“气味”。线索的一般作用是：贯穿全文，使文章浑然一体，使结构完整严谨，便于更好地表现文章内容。

15．请探究文章最后一段中画线句的意蕴。（6分）

【答案】不同的生活状态也有相同的生活内容；蕴含了对端午等传统文化的认同感；艾草的熏烟升华了不同的生活状态，从而达成一种火辣与安静、绚烂与明净的平衡。

【思路点拨】平时的生活会有不同的气味，但到了端午都会有艾草味，说明不同的生活状态也有相同的生活内容；到了端午都会有艾草味，说明人们认同端午，认同这样的传统文化；艾草味在弥漫、散开，有一种灰和白在其中洇染,洇染成青色，说明艾草味能升华平衡不同的生活状态。

六、现代文阅读（二）（18分）

阅读下面的作品，完成16~18题。

罗丹的雕刻

熊秉明

雕刻的发生源自一种人类的崇拜心理，无论是对神秘力的崇拜，对神的崇拜，或者对英雄的崇拜。把神像放在神龛里，把英雄像放在广场的高伟基座上，都表示这一种瞻仰或膜拜的情操。雕刻家把神与英雄的形象具体化。他的创作是社会交给他的任务。所以雕刻家在工作中，虽然有相当的自由，可以发挥个人才华，但是无论在内容上，在形式上，还要首先服从一个社会群体意识长期约定俗成的要求。有时，我们在庙宇装饰、纪念碑细部也看到日常生活的描写，有趣而抒情，然而那是附带的配曲。

罗丹的出现，把雕刻作了根本性的变革，把雕刻受到的外在约束打破。他不从传统的规格、观众的期待去考虑构思，他以雕刻家个人的认识和深切感受作为创造的出发点。雕刻首先是一座艺术品，有其丰富的内容，有它的自足性，然后取得它的社会意义。所以他的作品呈现的时候，一般观众，乃至保守的雕刻家，都不免惊骇，继之以愤怒、嘲讽，而终于接受、欣赏。他一生的作品，从最早期的《塌鼻的人》《青铜时代》，一直到他最晚年的《克列蒙梭》《教皇伯诺亚第十五》都受到这样的遭遇，只不过引起的波澜大小不同而已。

欣赏罗丹毕生的作品，我们也就鸟瞰了人的生命的全景。从婴孩到青春，从成熟到衰老，人间的悲欢离合，生老病死，爱和欲，哭和笑，奋起和疲惫，信念的苏醒，绝望的呼诉……都写在肉体上。

他说“忠于自然”，而在他的手中，人体已经开始扭曲，破裂；他说“尊重传统”，然而他已经把雕刻从纪念碑功能中游离出来。他所做的不是凯旋门，而是“地狱之门”。这是一大转变。凯旋门歌颂历史人物的丰功伟绩，而“地狱之门”上没有英雄。“地狱之门”其实也可以称作“人间之门”，而罗丹所描述的人间固然有鲜美和酣醉，但也弥漫阴影和苦难，烦忧和悲痛，奋起和陨落。罗丹用雕刻自由抒情，捕捉他想象世界中的诸影，诸相。雕刻是他恣意歌唱的语言。在罗丹手中，塑泥变成听话的工具，从此，在他之后的雕刻家可以更大胆地改造人体，更自由地探索尝试，更痛快地设计想象世界中诡奇的形象。现代雕刻从此可能。

说他的雕刻是最雕刻的雕刻是可以的，因为雕刻本身取得意义：说他的雕刻破坏雕刻的定义，已经不是雕刻，也是可以的，因为雕刻不仅具有坚实的三度实体的造型美，而且侵入诗，侵入哲学。说在他的作品里，我们看见雕刻的源起是可以的；说在他的作品里，我们看到雕刻的消亡也是可以的。因为他的雕刻在生命的波澜中浮现凝定，生命啄破雕刻的外壳又一次诞生。

他说：“在做艺术家之前，先要做一个人。”每天有那么多年轻人、中年人、老年人从世界的各个角落来到巴黎罗丹美术馆，在他的雕像之间徘徊，沉思，因为那些青铜和大理石不只是雕刻，那是，用他自己的话说，“开向生命的窗子”。（有删改）

16．请简要概述第一段的论述层次。（6分）

【答案】首先指出雕刻的发生源自人类的崇拜心理，接着论述雕刻家的创作要服从于约定俗成的社会要求，最后补充说明雕刻对日常生活的描写只是配曲。

【思路点拨】首段可分为三个层次。第一层：前两句的中心词是“崇拜”；第二层：中间部分的表达重点放在“但”之后，强调雕刻服从群体意识、长期约定俗成的要求；第三层：最后是补充说明雕刻对日常生活的描写只是配曲。

17．罗丹给雕刻带来的“根本性的变革”体现在哪些方面？请简要概括。（6分）

【答案】在雕刻观念上，罗丹是以雕刻家个人的认识和深切感受为出发点进行创作；在雕刻内容上，罗丹的雕刻体现人的生命全景；在雕刻形式上，突破具体形象的表现手段，大胆改造人体，恣意表现生命，自由表达想象中的诡奇形象。

【思路点拨】第二段的首句是第二至第五段的中心句。文章第二至五段讲了三个要点，第二段讲的是雕刻的观念，第三段讲的是雕刻的内容，第四五段讲的是雕刻的形式。

18.请结合文章，阐释文末“开向生命的窗子”的内涵。（6分）

【答案】雕刻开启了以生命为表现内容的历史；雕刻成为人们思考生命的载体；雕刻呈现了罗丹对生命的思考与想象；雕刻带给艺术家们以创作的启示。

【思路点拨】首先明确这是一个比喻句，将自己的雕刻品比作“开向生命的窗子”，再抓住关键词“生命”，可知此题实际考查罗丹雕刻品蕴含的有关生命的意义。从第17题可知，罗丹的雕刻从观念、内容和形式上，都是表达对生命的理解、关注和赞美。同时这种全新的雕刻也是艺术创作的新启示。

七、作文（70分）

19．根据以下材料，选取角度，白拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章；文体不限，诗歌除外。

智慧是一种经验，一种能力，一种境界……如同大自然一样，智慧也有其自身的景象。

【写作指导】

这个题目比较好入手，对大多数考生来说，审题上没有障碍。这道题属于话题型言论类材料作文。现在材料作文主要有两大类，一大类是故事类的，一大类是言论类的。言论类材料作文中，最好操作的属于话题类作文。去年高考作文就是以“青春”为话题，今年就是围绕“智慧”为话题。

这个作文题可能会有以下几种写法，第一种即为抓住前面三个“一种”排比句当中的任何一句做一个阐述；第二种写法就是抓住这三句话，把文章分为三段，每一个分论点加以说明；第三种则是写一种记叙文，譬如可以写一个很有智慧的人，通过他的小智慧战胜了生活的困难。不过前面两种写法只是停留在题面上的，没有升华，分数会受很大的影响。这个题目可能包含着由浅入深的内涵，因为后半段尤为重要。很多考生可能会忽略后半段“和大自然一样……”是什么意思，大自然是默默无闻地为人类的生存、发展做贡献。智慧也和大自然一样，是为人类服务的，其用一种低调的、谦虚的方式造福人类。材料中后半段的主旨是勉励人们要像大自然一样谦虚、低调地获得知识和智慧，并用这个去造福人类。如果这么想，主题就升华了，然而大部分的同学可能想不到这一层。能想到这一层立意的同学分数就比较高，仅停留在平面化理解的同学可能得分在42到47分左右。如果能联想到后面这半段，一般会有十几分的提高。而水平更高的考生则可以从材料说开，谈自己对智慧的看法，不拘泥于材料，比如中国传统文化中的“大智若愚”“藏巧于拙”等，发表自己独特的观点。一类作文一定不是证明一个“人人尽知的公理”而告诉别人“你独特的观点”。

至于在文体选择上，记叙文和议论文都是可以的。记叙文应该说比较好写，只要记叙一个智慧的故事就可以了，然后把经验、能力、境界蕴含其中，关键看语言表达，把故事说得生活，把话说得漂亮；而议论文就要把道理说清，当然理说清的前提是关于“智慧”确立一个明确的论点。

参考立意：①从智慧的生成来看，是经验的一种提升；②智慧虽然来源于知识但又不是知识，而是运用知识的一种能力；③智慧是人生的一种境界，有了智慧才能洞察人心、看穿世间，才能有荣辱不惊的境界；④要像大自然一样谦虚、低调地获得知识和智慧，并用这个去造福人类；⑤聪明反被聪明误，智者千虑必有一失；⑥既要赞美智慧，又要对智慧有清醒的认识；⑦大智若愚，等等。

解析：江苏省镇江中学 陈乃香 说明：解析定有不妥，见谅！

语文Ⅱ（附加题）

一、阅读材料，完成20—22题。（10分）

予友武林王子丹麓，手订《今世说》一书，盖祖刘氏所作《世说新语》而稍节其条目。予受而读之，自清兴以来名臣硕辅，下逮岩穴之士、章句之儒，凡一言一行之可纪述者靡不旁搜广辑因文析类以成一家言其大要采诸序记杂文之行世者而不敢妄

辍一词，其详慎不惮烦如是。（节选自严允肇《（令世说）序》）

20．用斜线“／”给上面文言文中的画线部分断句。（限5处）（5分）

【答案】凡一言一行之可纪述者/靡不旁搜广辑/因文析类/以成一家言/其大要采诸序记杂文之行世者/而不敢妄缀一词

【思路点拨】根据虚词“凡……者”可短出第一处；根据“因……以”可断出第二第三处；根据“其……者……而”可断出第四第五处。

21．《世说新语》的作者是▲。（1分）

【答案】刘义庆【思路点拨】《世说新语》，中国古代志人小说集，题为南朝宋临川王刘义庆撰，实际是他组织门下文人杂采众书编纂而成，南朝梁刘孝标为其作注。

22．根据材料，概括《今世说》的特点。（4分）

【答案】模仿《世说新语》而条目略有减少;搜集广泛;分类合理;对所用文字不妄评述。

【思路点拨】根据“盖祖刘氏所作《世说新语》而稍节其条目”可概括出第一点；根据“凡一言一行之可纪述者，靡不旁搜广辑”可概括出第二点；根据“因文析类，以成一家言”可概括出第三点；根据“而不敢妄缀一词”可概括出第四点。

【参考译文】

我的朋友武林王子丹麓，亲手修订《今世说》一书，是在先祖刘义庆所编撰的《世说新语》的基础上稍稍略去其中的一些条目而成。我接过这部书阅读，自从清兴以来著名的臣子、贤良的辅弼之臣，下到隐居之士、不能通达大义而拘泥于辨析章句的儒生，所有人一言一行可记述的，无不广泛搜求广泛辑录。依据文字分门别类，自成体系和派别。它大致采集流传于世的集序记杂文，不敢对所用文字妄加评述，它像这样周详审慎不怕繁琐。

二、名著阅读题（15分）

23．下列对有关名著的说明，不正确的两项是（5分）

A．《三国演义》中，关羽接受曹操赠送的新战袍后，仍将旧战袍穿在外面，说明关羽生活简朴，对新战袍格外珍惜。

B．鲁迅《白光》中反复出现的“这回又完了！”既是指陈士成又一次的科举考试失败，也是暗示他对人生前景的绝望。

C．《子夜》开头，吴荪甫的一九三O年式雪铁笼汽车与吴老太爷的《太上感应篇》形成强烈比照，标志着资产阶级全面压倒了封建阶级。

D．第一幕开场时，哈姆莱特的父亲被克劳迪斯杀害，造成了哈姆莱特与克劳迪斯之间不断

的争斗，全剧人物无一例外被卷入其中。

E．《老人与海》中，老人年轻时曾在黄昏时分看到海滩上的狮子，后来又多次梦到狮子，这里的狮子象征着旺盛的生命力和青春。

【答案】AD（A.曹操笑云长节俭，云长说因为旧袍是刘备所赐，不敢因丞相之新赐而忘兄长之旧赐。曹操闻言不由的感叹“真义士也”，但心里着实不悦。D.莎士比亚的处世哲学是，在激烈的社会冲突和对抗中，弱势者要学会回避矛盾，不要卷入矛盾的漩涡，于是书中有一些弱势者没有卷入其中。）

24．简答题（10分）

(1)在《红楼梦》第四十回“史太君两宴大观园，金鸳鸯三宣牙牌令”中，鸳鸯说：“天天咱们说，外头老爷们吃酒吃饭，都有一个篾片相公，拿他取笑儿。咱们今儿也得了一个女篾片了。”鸳鸯她们要取笑的“女篾片”指谁？请结合本回情节，归纳她的性格特征。（5分）

【答案】刘姥姥。朴实善良,善解人意;老于世故,精明狡黠;幽默风趣,性格诙谐;顺从讨好,偶有反抗。

【思路点拨】平时注意积累记忆名著中的重要情节及涉及的人物形象的特征。

(2)《边城》中，端午赛龙舟，二老失足落水，上岸后迎面碰上翠翠。翠翠没有说话，到处找黄狗。黄狗泅水而来，翠翠说：“得了，你又不翻船，谁要你落水呢？”翠翠对黄狗说话这一情节，体现了她什么样的心理活动？（5分）

【答案】因为听到碾坊一事,心中有些忧愁、嗔怪;因为二老明明对自己有意,又隐隐地有些欢喜。

【思路点拨】平时注意积累记忆名著中的重要情节及涉及的人物形象的心理。

三、材料概括分析题（15分）

古文的写作讲气，词句的短长与声调的高下，说话时的婉转或激昂，都是由气势决定的。这个气势里就含有作者的感情在内。作者由气势决定言之短长与声之高下；读者则从言之短长与声之高下中去求气，得到了气，就能体会到作者写作时的感情，这就是因声求气。

就作者来说，他在写作时，不是考虑什么什么手法，而是考虑怎样把意思表达清楚，表达正确，怎样把感情表达出来。手法是从声情的变化中自然形成的。不是学会了种种手法，才让自己的情意去凑合各种手法。一凑合就成了做作，就写不好文章了。要达到前人写作的很高境界，就要学通他们下笔的精妙处：要懂得他们写作是本于准确地表达情意的自然流露，而不是有意做作。这样，到自己写作时，才能本着自己的情意，透过气势来表达声情，在表达不同的声情中自然形成各种不同的艺术手法。

因声求气不光是会读出文章的声情来，还要求能长久熟读。这样读，当然是读经过时间考验的名篇；这样读，也是提高阅读能力的最简便方法。由于熟读，接触书里的词汇时，不是孤立的，而是连同整个句子一起记熟的。这样，当对这个词完全懂得时，就对这个词在不同句子里的意义变化，以及在不同句子里的不同用法都懂了。自己在写作时，可使之用得合乎法则。因声求气，就是透过熟读来学习写作的一种方法。（节选自周振甫《文章例话》，有删改）

25．“声…‘气”分别指什么？“因声求气”的内涵是什么？（5分）

【答案】（1）“声”指声调的高下，“气”指语气或气势；（2）读者从言之短长与声之高下中去求气，得到了气，就能体会到作者写作时的感情，这就是因声求气。

【思路点拨】回答第一问，只要根据文本将“声”与“气”进行组词即可，便可得出“声”指声调的高下，“气”指语气或气势。回答第二问，一定要抓住“这就是因声求气”，根据“这就是”可知“因声求气”的内涵就在前面的文字中。

26．为什么说“一凑合就成了做作”？（4分）

【答案】“一凑合就成了做作”，是指一旦用自己的情感拼凑、迎合各种艺术手法，文章写作就显得不自然了；手法是从声情的变化中自然形成的，如果为了表现某种手法而拼凑自己的情意，那就成了虚情假意，就写不好文章了。

【思路点拨】回答此题先要明确“一凑合”与“做作”的内涵：“一凑合”就是一旦用自己的情感拼凑、迎合各种艺术手法；“做作”就是文章写作显得不自然。在此基础上补出“一凑合就成了做作”的原因。

27.结合全文，简析如何通过读书来学习写作。（6分）

【答案】通过读书来学通前人下笔的精妙处；通过因声求气来学习如何准确地表达情意和自然地运用各种艺术手法；通过熟读名篇来积累词句等的用法。

【思路点拨】要明确“如何通过读书来学习写作”，可将节选文字进行分层。本片段可分三层：第一层从开头到“一凑合就成了做作，就写不好文章了”，是讲通过因声求气来学习如何准确地表达情意和自然地运用各种艺术手法；第二层从“要达到前人写作的很高境界”到“在表达不同的声情中自然形成各种不同的艺术手法”，是讲通过读书来学通前人下笔的精妙处；第三层从“因声求气不光是会读出文章的声情来”到结尾，是讲通过熟读名篇来积累词句等的用法。

三 : 2012年江苏高考英语真题及答案

2012年高考英语试题（江苏卷） 2012-6-28

第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20 分)

第一节(共5 小题;每小题1 分,满分5分)

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?

A. In a bookstore. B. In a classroom.

2. At what time will the film begin?

A. 7:20. B. 7:15. C. 7:00.

3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?

A. Their friend Jane. B. A weekend trip. C. A radio programme.

4. What will the woman probably do?

A. Catch a train. B. See the man off. C. Go shopping.

5. Why did the woman apologize?

A. She made a late delivery. B. She went to the wrong place. C. She couldn’t take the cake back.

第二节 (共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)

听第6 段材料,回答第6、7 题。［www.61k.com］

6. Whose CD is broken?

A. Kathy’s. B. Mum’s. C. Jack’s.

C. Give her 10 dollars. 7. What does the boy promise to do for the girl? A. Buy her a new CD. B. Do some cleaning.

听第7 段材料,回答第8、9 题。

8. What did the man think of the meal?

A. Just so so. B. Quite satisfactory. C. A bit disappointing.

9. What was the 15% on the bill paid for?

A. The food. B. The drinks. C. The service.

听第8 段材料,回答第10 至12 题。

10. Why is the man at the shop?

A. To order a camera for his wife B. To have a camera repaired.

11. What colour does the man want?

A. Pink. B. Black. C. Orange.

12. What will the man do afterwards?

A. Make a phone call. B. Wait until further notice. C. Come again the next day. 听第9 段材料,回答第13 至16 题。

13. What would Joe probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday?

A. Go to a play. B. Stay at home. C. Visit Kingston.

C. See a car show.

C. To pick up Daniel. 14. What is Ariel going to do in Toronto? A. Attend a party. B. Meet her aunt. 15. Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave? A. To call up Betty. B. To buy some DVDs.

16. What might be the relationship between the speakers?

A. Classmates. B. Fellow workers. C. Guide and tourist.

听第10 段材料,回答第17 至20 题。

17. Where does Thomas Manning work?

A. In the Guinness Company. B. At a radio station. C. In a museum.

1 C. In a library. C. To get a camera changed.

2012年江苏高考英语 2012年江苏高考英语真题及答案

2012年高考英语试题（江苏卷） 2012-6-28

18. Where did the idea of a book of records come from?

A. A bird-shooting trip. B. A visit to Europe. C. A television talk show.

19. When did Sir Hugh’s first book of records appear?

A. In 1875. B. In 1950. C. In 1955.

20. What are the two speakers going to talk about next?

A. More records of unusual facts. B. The founder of the company. C. The oldest person in the world. 第二部分: 英语知识运用(共两节, 满分35 分)

第一节: 单项填空

21. — Can I help you with it?

— I appreciate your _______, but I can manage it myself.

A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea

22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.

A. which B. who C. where D. what

23. Sophia waited for a reply, but _______came.

A. either B. another C. neither D. none

24. — Don’t worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.

—_______! I’ll tell Dad there’s nothing serious.

A. What a relief B. Congratulations C. How surprising

25. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______?

A. is there B. isn’t there C. is he

26. — OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.

— You can’t _______your responsibilities.

A. run off with B. run up against C. run out of D. run away from

27. The notice came around two in the afternoon_______ the meeting would be postponed.

A. when B. that C. whether D. how

28. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _______say where he was.

A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t

29. — Thank God you’re safe!

— I stepped back, just _______ to avoid the racing car.

A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain D. isn’t he D. I’m so sorry

30. One’s life has value _______ one brings value to the life of others.

A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that

31. _______an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.

A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base

32. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _______ some European business partners.

A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met

33. — Honey, the cat’s stuck in the tree. Can you turn off the TV and get a ladder. . . ?

— Oh, it jumped off. _______.

A. Never mind B. All right C. No problem D. Take care

34. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he_______.

A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start

35. — Happy birthday!

— Thank you! It’s the best present I _______ for.

A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished

2 D. could have wished

2012年江苏高考英语 2012年江苏高考英语真题及答案

2012年高考英语试题（江苏卷） 2012-6-28

第二节: 完形填空

The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be____36___. Solitude can be hard technologies have ___38____our culture.

The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) ’ve known it. People have become ’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our ___42____, but from our mobile phones as well.

Most developed nations have become digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not ___44____it would make them an outsider. ___45____, many jobs and careers require people to be I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who be shut mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many ___50____, as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up ___51____on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel forced to answer unwanted calls Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society across generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like ___55____daily advancements in technology.

36. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected

37. A. though B. until C. once D. before

38. A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved

39. A. edge B. stage

40. A. sensitive B. intelligent

41. A. even if

42. A. media

43. A. bent

44. A. finding C. end D. balance C. considerate D. reachable C. as if C. databases C. keen C. protecting D. if only D. monitors D. dependent D. changing B. only if B. computers B. hard B. using

45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow

46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested

47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment

48. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really

49. A. out B. down C. up D. in

50. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions

51. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted

52. A. trapped B. excited

53. A. turn B. submit

54. A. vary B. arise

55. A. beyond B. within

第三部分: 阅读理解 C. confused D. amused C. object D. reply C. spread D. exist C. despite D. without

3

2012年江苏高考英语 2012年江苏高考英语真题及答案

2012年高考英语试题（江苏卷） 2012-6-28

A

56. According to the survey, people left alone on a desert island would most want their__________.

A. MP3 player B. dog C. spouse/ partner D. celebrity

57. Which of the following is true about George Clooney?

A. He has been trained in wilderness survival. B. He may not be able to help you survive.

C. He does not think Roseane is beautiful. D. He is the choice of most South African women.

58. The survey results are analyzed in terms of the respondents’ __________.

A. sex, age and nationality B. race, nationality and sex

C. marriage, age and race D. age, sex and marriage

4

2012年江苏高考英语 2012年江苏高考英语真题及答案

2012年高考英语试题（江苏卷） 2012-6-28

B

Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across America’s farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The country’s farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.

Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of America’s farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of “useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country.

“There couldn’t be anything that’s more incorrect,” Merrigan said. “We know that there aren’t enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.”

In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.

“I truly believe we’re at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows,” said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.”

The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers’ Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.

Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21-year-old Best hopes his message—that this is a new time in agriculture—“Never before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,” he said. “There’s really a place for everybody to fit in.”

59. What is the new challenge to American agriculture?

A. Fewer and older farmers. B. Higher fuel prices.

C. More natural disasters. D. Lower agricultural output.

60. Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?

A. To draw federal agriculture officials’ attention. B. To select qualified agriculture graduates.

C. To clarify a recent blog posting. D. To talk more students into farming careers.

61. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people

because__________..

A. the government will cover production costs B. global food supplies will be even lower

C. investment in agriculture will be profitable D. America will increase its food export

62. What do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics” in the last paragraph mean?

A. To re-analyze the result of the national census. B. To increase agricultural production.

C. To bring down the average age of farmers. D. To invest more in agriculture.

C

Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have 5

2012年江苏高考英语 2012年江苏高考英语真题及答案

2012年高考英语试题（江苏卷） 2012-6-28

designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.

The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.

That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.

So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that’s even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What’s more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.

63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?

A. Temperature change. B. NIR light. C. Acidity change. D. UV light.

64. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?

A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.

C. It has not come onto the market up till now. D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.

65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?

A. protected B. formed C. exposed D. combined

D

Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. ”I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn’t seem to require any explanation.

We’d just finished John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying?” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am,” I told her, “and the funny thing is I’ve read it many times.” But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I’ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel’s terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate (命运).

For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school—one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan’s upper classes—into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, 6

2012年江苏高考英语 2012年江苏高考英语真题及答案

2012年高考英语试题（江苏卷） 2012-6-28

whose parents had earned Ph. D.’s.

Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn’t always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, “it’s about being a man, it’s about manliness.”I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck’s writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they’re all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.

Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.

66. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to __________..

A. realize our dreams B. give support to our life

C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emotions

67. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?

A. Because they spent much time reading it. B. Because they had read the novel before.

C. Because they came from a public school. D. Because they had similar life experiences.

68. The girl left the selective high school possibly because__________..

A. she was a literary-minded girl B. her parents were immigrants

C. she couldn’t fit in with her class D. her father was then in prison

69. To the author’s surprise, the students read the novels__________..

A. creatively B. passively C. repeatedly D. carelessly

70. The author writes the passage mainly to__________..

A. introduce classic works of literature B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heart

C. argue for equality among high school students D. defend the current testing system

第四部分: 任务型阅读

“Happiness Advantage” Effect

In July 2010 Burt’s Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex ( 大脑皮层), which is responsible for effective problem solving.

Burt’s Bees’s then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he’d send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing. He’d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company’s values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang’s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.

That outcome shouldn’t surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set (思维模式), performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity, involvement—improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. “Once I get a promotion, I’ll be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit my sales target, I’ll feel great. ”But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again—the 7

2012年江苏高考英语 2012年江苏高考英语真题及答案

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happiness that results from success does not last long.

In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the “ happiness advantage”—every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I’ve observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I’m not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.

Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one’s general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The habits you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stress—

all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.

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2012年江苏高考英语 2012年江苏高考英语真题及答案

2012年高考英语试题（江苏卷） 2012-6-28

第五部分: 书面表达(满分25 分)

81. 生活中冲突时有发生。(www.61k.com］假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。请 你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文,向学校英文报“Happy Teens冶专栏投稿。

注意: 1. 对所有要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。

2. 词数150 左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数。

3. 作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。

Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.

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2012年江苏高考英语 2012年江苏高考英语真题及答案

2012年高考英语试题（江苏卷） 2012-6-28

英语试题参考答案

第一部分(共20 小题,每小题1 分,共20 分)

1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. C

11. A 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. A

第二部分(共35 小题,每小题1 分,共35 分)

21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. C

31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. C 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. D

41. A 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. C

51. B 52. A 53. D 54. A 55. D

第三部分(共15 小题,每小题2 分,共30 分)

56. C 57. B 58. A 59. A 60. D 61. C 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. C

66. D 67. D 68. C 69. A 70. B

第四部分(共10 小题,每小题1 分,共10 分)

71. bother/ annoy 72. anxiety/ concern/ worry

73. considerate/ aware/ conscious 74. loyal/ faithful/ devoted/ committed

75. difference 76. positively

77. success/ achievements 78. strongly

79. determined/ decided 80. chances/ possibilities/ opportunities

第五部分(满分25 分)

81.

Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started

shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel.

To be honest, it was Su爷s fault but Li was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.

To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a

harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and

stressful society. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in

others’place.

Don’t be self-centered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and

wisely.

10

四 : 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

绝密 启用前

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）

英语

注意事项：

1. 答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。[www.61k.com）请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2. 短小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20 分)

做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转

涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5 小题;每小题1 分,满分5分)

听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选

项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?

A. In a bookstore. B. In a classroom. C. In a library.

2. At what time will the film begin?

A. 7:20 B. 7:15. C. 7:00

3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?

A. Their friend Jane. B. A weekend trip. C. A radio programme.

4. What will the woman probably do?

A. Catch a train. B. See the man off. C. Go shopping.

5. Why did the woman apologize?

A. She made a late delivery. B. She went to the wrong place.

C. She couldn’t take the cake back.

第二节 (共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)

听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5 秒钟;听完

后,各小题给出5 秒钟的做答时间。每段对话读两遍。听第6 段材料,回答第6、7 题。

6. Whose CD is broken?

A. Kathy’s. B. Mum’s C. Jack’s.

7. What does the boy promise to do for the girl?

A. Buy her a new CD. B. Do some cleaning. C. Give her 10 dollars.

听第7 段材料,回答第8、9 题。

8. What did the man think of the meal?

A. Just so-so. B. Quite satisfactory. C. A bit disappointing.

9. What was the 15% on the bill paid for?

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

A. The food. B. The drinks. C. The service.

听第8 段材料,回答第10 至12 题。[www.61k.com）

10. Why is the man at the shop?

A. To order a camera for his wife. B. To have a camera repaired.

C. To get a camera changed.

11. What colour does the man want?

A. Pink. B. Black. C. Orange.

12. What will the man do afterwards?

A. Make a phone call. B. Wait until further notice. C. Come again the next day. 听第9 段材料,回答第13 至16 题。

13. What would Joe probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday?

A. Go to a play. B. Stay at home. C. Visit Kingston.

14. What is Ariel going to do in Toronto?

A. Attend a party. B. Meet her aunt. C. See a car show.

15. Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave?

A. TO call up Betty. B. To buy some DVDs. C. To pick up Daniel.

16. What might be the relationship between the speakers?

A. Classmates. B. Fellow workers. C. Guide and tourist.

听第10 段材料,回答第17 至20 题。

17. Where does Thomas Manning work?

A. In the Guinness Company. B. At a radio station. C. In a museum.

18. Where did the idea of a book of records come from?

A. A bird-shooting trip. B. A visit to Europe. C. A television talk show.

19. When did Sir Hugh’s first book of records appear?

A. In 1875. B. In 1950. C. In 1955.

20. What are the two speakers going to talk about next?

A. More records of unusual facts. B. The founder of the company.

C. The olderst person in the world.

第二部分: 英语知识运用(共两节, 满分35 分)

第一节: 单项填空 (共15小题; 每小题1分,满分15分)

请认真阅读下面各题, 从题中所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. –Can I help you with it?

-- I appreciate your _____, but I can manage it myself.

A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea

22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.

A. which B. who C. where D. what

23. Sophia waited for a reply, but _____ came.

A. either B. another C. neither D. none

24. –Don’t worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.

-- ______! I’ll tell Dad there’s nothing serious.

A. What a relief B. Congratulations

C. How surprising D. I’m so sorry

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

25. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ____?

A. is there B. isn’t there C. is he D. isn’t he

26. –OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.

-- You can’t ______ your responsibilities.

A. run off with B. run up against

C. run out of D. run away from

27. The notice came around two in the afternoon______ the meeting would be postponed.

A. when B. that C. whether D. how

28. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _____ say where he was.

A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t

29. –Thank God you’re safe!

-- I stepped back, just _____ to avoid the racing car.

A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain

30. One’s life has value _____ one brings value to the life of others.

A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that

31. ____ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.

B. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base

32. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _____ some European business partners.

A. would meet. B. is meeting C. meets D. had met

33. --Honey, the cat’s stuck in the tree. Can you turn off the TV and get a ladder…? --- Oh, it jumped off. _____.

A. Never mind B. All right C. No problem D. Take care

34. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ____.

A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start

35. --Happy birthday!

-- Thank you! It’s the best present I _____ for.

A. should have wished B. must have wished.

C. may have wished D. could have wished

第二节: 完形填空(共20 小题; 每小题1 分, 满分20 分)

请认真阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（www.61k.com）

The concept of solitude(独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have our culture.

The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) as we’ve known it. People have become so in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog(写博客), not only from our phones as well.

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

Most developed nations have become on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not it would make them an outsider. , many jobs and careers require people to be . From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.

I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who wants it. Computers can be shut and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel and forced to answer unwanted calls or to unwanted texts.

Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society across generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like daily advancements in technology.

36. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected.

37. A. though B. until. C. knce D. before.

38. A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved.

39. A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance.

40. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable.

41. A. even if B. only if C. as if D.if only

42. A. media B. computers C. databases D. monitors

43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent

44. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing

45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow

46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. insterested

47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment

48. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really.

49. A. out B. down C. up D. in

50. aspects B. weakenesses C. advantages D. exceptions.

51. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted

52. A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused

53. A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply

54. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist

55. A. beyond B. within C. despite D . without

第三部分: 阅读理解(共15 小题; 每小题2 分, 满分30 分)

请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（www.61k.com］

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

56. According to the survey, people left alone on a desert island would most want their _____.

A. Mp3 player B. dog C. spouse/partner D. celebrity

57. Which of the following is true about George Clooney?

A. He has been trained in wilderness survival.

B. He may not be able to help you survive.

C. He does not think Roseane is beautiful.

D. He is the choice of most South African women.

58. The survey results are analyzed in terms of the respondents’ _______

A. sex, age and nationality B. race, nationality and sex

C. marriage, age and race D. age, sex and marriage

B.

Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic(流行病) sweeping across America’s farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The country’s farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National

agricultural

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

census(普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over

65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.

Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of America’s farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of “useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agirucltural organizations across the country.

“There couldn’t be anyting that’s more incorrect,” Merrigan said. “We know that there aren’t enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.”

In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.

“I truly believe we’re at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows,” said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger perople are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.” The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers’ Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.

Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the ocuntry and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21-year-old Best hopes his message—that this is a new time in “Never before have we had the innovations(创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the msot efficient it has ever been,” he said. “There’s really a place for everybody to fit in.”

59. What is the new challenge to American agriculture?

A. Fewer and older farmers. B. Higher fuel prices.

C. More natural disasters D. Lower agricultural output.

60. Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?

A. To draw federal agriculture officials’ attention.

B. To select qualified agriculture graduates.

C. To clarify a recent blog posting.

D. To talk more students into farming careers.

61. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because ______.

A. the government will cover production costs

B. global food supplies will be even lower

C. investment in agriculture will be profitable

D. America will increase its food export

62. What do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics” in the last

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

paragraph mean?

A. To re-analyze the result of the national census.

B. To increase agricultural production.

C. To bring down the average age of farmers.

D. To invest more in agriculture.

C.

Meddical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is toput the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks--- burns, for example. Now, researchers in Califonia have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR，近红外钱) on the drug in the capsule.

The idea of suing light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers(聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet(UV，紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readilyabsorb UV and visible light, which emans the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物) absorb NIR well and go thourh chemical changes.

That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the Unviersity of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitroberizyl(ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.

So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that;s even better. This one consists of a long chain fo compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What’s more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.

63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?

A. Temperature change B. NIR light.

C. Acidity change. D. UV light.

64. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?

A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.

B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.

C. It has not come onto the market up till now.

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.

65. Which word can be used to compete the following process of changes?

D.

Franz Kafka wrote that “” I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn’t seem to require any explanation.

We’d just jinished John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying?” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am,” I told her, “and the funny thing is I’ve read it many times.”

But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I’ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel’s terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate (命运).

For the last seven yers, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of lieterature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school --- one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhatten’s upper classes---into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned PH. D.’s.

Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn’t always read from the sxpected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, “it’s about being a man, it’s about manliness.” I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies(独白) read as raps(说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbech’s writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they’re all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.

Year aftr years, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch(碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising text scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be tranformative and that it belongs to them.

66. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to ______.

A. realize our dreams B. give support to our life

C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emotions

67. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?

A. Because they spent much time reading it.

B. Because they had read the novel before.

C. Because they came from a public school.

D. Because they had similar life experiences.

68. The girl left the selective high school possibly because ____.

A. she was a literary-minded girl B. her parents were immigrants

C. she couldn’t fit in with her class D. her father was then in prison

69. To the author’s surprise, the students read the novels ______.

A. creatively B passively C. repeatedly D. carelessly

70. The author writes the passage mainly to ________.

A. introduce classic works of literature

B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heart

C. argue for equality among high school students

D. defend the current testing system

第四部分: 任务型阅读(共10 小题;每小题1 分,满分10 分)

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。（www.61k.com]

注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

“Happiness Advantage” Effect

In July 2010 Burt’s Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flod their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex(大脑皮层), which is responsible for effective problem solving.

Burt’s Bees’s then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he’d send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing. He’d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company’s values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with exmployees on happiness in the course of the expansion feffort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang’s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully tranformed the company into a global one.

That outcome shouldn’t surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set(思维模式), performance on nearly every level--- productivity, creativity, involvement---improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. “Once I get a promotion, I’ll be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit sales targe, I’ll feel great.” But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again ----- the happiness that results from success does not last long.

In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the “happiness advantage” –every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I’ve observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I’m not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.

Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one’s general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The habits you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stress---all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）

81.生活中冲突是有发生。（www.61k.com]假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执，导致关系紧张。请你结合此事，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报

1． 对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。

2． 词数150左右。形状已经写好，不计入总词数。

2012江苏英语高考试卷 2012年高考英语(江苏卷)word版及答案

3． 作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。［www.61k.com］ Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2012江苏省高考英语试题答案：

1—20： CABCA CBBCC ABBAC BAACA

21—35： CBDAA DBCAC BDACD

36—55： CCBCD ABDBA ACDBC BADAD

56： CBAAD CCBDC DDCAB

71． Bother/annoy 72. anxiety/concern/worry

73. considerate/aware/conscious 74. loyal/faithful/devoted/committed

75. difference 76. positively 77. success/achievements 78. strongly 79. determined/decided 80. chances/possibilities/opportunities

81.

During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel. To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame ----they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.

To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.

Don’t be self-centered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.

(150 words)

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