一 : 非主谓句的用途和界定
二 : 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别
1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。(www.61k.com]
Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语) Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。(to have a talk....不定式 作状语)
2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征:
1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语) It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语) 3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化:
1.不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一般 to write to be written
进行 to be writing
完成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing
2.现 在 分 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
过去分词一般 written
3.动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
三 : 非谓语动词的一般式和完成式
非谓语动词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生,非谓语动词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。1.动词不定式
例1:a lot of young people are learning to drive cars. (同时发生)
例2:all of us expected to discover a new oil field. (非谓语动词动作发生在后)
例3:he is said to have studied english for three years. (非谓语动词动作发生在前)
注:动词不定式的完成式有时用在intended, expected, meant, were to, was to等过去式的动词后面,表示未实现的行为。例如:
1)i meant to have sent the book to you by mail. (我本想把这本书邮寄给你的。)
2)he was to have been the new ambassador, but he fell ill. (他原是要任新大使的,但是他病了。)
2.动名词
例1:i am thinking of getting a new dictionary. (非谓语动词动作发生在后)
例2:we enjoy watching colour tv. (与谓语动词动作同时)
例3:he forgot having promised to write things for us. (非谓语动词动作发生在前。)
3.分词
例1:singing a song, he came into the room. (非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生)
例2:having written his composition, he went to have a heart to heart talk with wang. (非谓语动词动作发生在前)
非谓语动词的比较
1.动名词和动词不定式在用法上的比较
(1)一般说来动名词所表示的动作在意义上是比较抽象的、一般的,时间概念不强,不是指某一次的动作;而动词不定式所表示的动作则往往是具体的一次行为。例如:
1)i like swimming, but i don't like to swim today.
2) they prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.
3) would you prefer to stay at home this evening?
(2)动词不定式的逻辑主语,常常是句子的主语或句中的某个词;而动名词的逻辑主语可能是句子主语或句中某个词,也可能是泛指一般人物,在句子里是找不着的。例如:
1)i hate to be sitting idle. (我不想闲坐着。)(指自己)
2)i hate saying nothing at a meeting but gossiping afterwards. (我不喜欢开会不说会后乱说。)(可能指自己,也可能泛指一般人)
四 : 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别
1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语) Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。(to have a talk....不定式 作状语)
2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征:
1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语) It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语) 3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化:
1.不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一般 to write to be written
进行 to be writing
完成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing
2.现 在 分 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
过去分词一般 written
3.动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
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