一 : 新视野大学英语第二版第四册课后答案(全)
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册
Unit 1
III.
1. idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute
6.accused 7. object 8. contaminate 9. sustain 10. worship
IV.
1. accusing... of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pay for
6. run a risk of 7. participate in 8. other than 9. object to/objected 10. at best V
1. K 2. G 3. C 4. E 5. N 6.O 7.I 8. L 9. A 10. D
Collocation
VI.
1. delay 2. pain 3. hardship 4. suffering 5. fever
6. defeat 7. poverty 8. treatment 9. noise 10. agony
Word building
VII.
1. justify 2. glorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified
5. purified 6. intensify 7. identify 8. terrified
VIII.
1. bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery
5. robbery 6. nursery 7. scenery 8. discovery
Sentence Structure
IX.
1. other than for funerals and weddings
2. other than to live an independent life
3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `
4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .
5. other than that it's somewhere in the town center
X.
1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night
2. would have; told him the answer
3. they needn't have gone at all
4. must have had too much work to do
5. might have been injured seriously
Translation
XI. -
1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.
2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we
may have done during the day.
3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.
4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.
5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.
6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. XII.
l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。 2一些女性完全可以不待在家里，而是去工作，挣一份不错的工资。但是为了家庭，她们放
弃
了工作。
3.你怎么为这样粗鲁的行为辩护？你将会为此付出沉重的代价，因为他们己经以低毁名誉的罪
名起诉你了。
4.批评有其重要作用；我们可能当时不喜欢它，但是它能激励我们去做更伟大的事情。
5.他毫不让步的行为遭到公众的反对，这使得他陷人了精神上崩溃、经济上破产的境地。
6．即使你失败了，也不要被失败伤害，更不要被失败左右。记住：失败是学习过程中必要的一
步；它不是学习、的结束，而是学习的开始。
Cloze
XIII.
1 ．B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5. B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9. C 10.A
II．D 12.C 13. D 14.A 15. C 16.D 17.B 18.C I9. A 20.D
Section B
Reading Skills.
I.
1. I was a black and was looked down on because of the ugly shadow of racism in 1976.
2. It means that the man was different from others for he was honest and paid debts.
3. The farmer's attitude toward me changed when he learned that I was the son of an honest man who
was different from other blacks.
4. Because American social morality has changed for the worse.
5. Because people believe in honesty and this helps me in my life.
Comprehension o f the Text
II.
1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.T
Vocabulary
1 . melted 2. restore 3. initiative 4. obligation, 5. induce
6. lest 7. relief 8. furnish 9. enquire 10. meanwhile
Exercises on Web course only:
11. deposit 12: intent 13. behave 14.amused 15. glue
IV
1. kept his word 2: shrugged off 3. melted away 4. enquire into 5. cool off
6. pave the way for 7. hold up 8. fall apart 9. wipe away 10. on credit
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册
unit 2
Section A
Comprehension o f the text
1. He lived a poor and miserable life during his childhood.
2. Because no one in Britain appeared to appreciate his talent for comedy. His comic figures did not
conform to British standards.
3. Because his dress and behavior didn't seem that English.
4. It was the first movie in which Chaplin spoke.
5. He used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along without a prepared script.
6. His transformation of lifeless objects into other kinds of objects, plus the skill with which he
executed it again and again.
7. She brought stability and happiness to him and became a center of calm in his family.
8. Comic.
Vocabulary
III.
1. coarse 2. betrayed 3. incident 4. postponed 5. execute
6. surrounding 7. applause 8. extraordinary 9. clumsy 10. sparked
IV.
1. for 2. against 3. up 4. about 5. up
6. to 7. down 8. down 9. in 10. on
V.
l. I 2.J 3.B 4.D 5.E 6.G 7.F 8.L 9.N 10.A
Collocation<br />VI.
1. service 2. help/hand 3. influence 4. guarantee 5. visit
6. span . 7. welcome 8. spirit 9. duties 10. buildings
Word Building
VII.
1. artist 2. terrorist 3. novelist 4. activists
5. biologists 6. idealist 7. capitalists 8. tourist
VIII.
1. terrorism 2. industrialism 3. realism 4. idealism
5. criticism 6. heroism 7. racism 8. Modernism
sentence structure
IX
1. If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.
2. If he had tried to leave the country, he would have been stopped at the border.
3. If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life.
4. If I had caught that plane, I would have been killed in the air crash.
5. If he had been in good health, he could have written many books.
X.
1. it is a wonder to find
2. It is a surprise for us to find
3. it is a waste of time to argue with him
4. It's a comfort to know
5. It is a relief for us to learn
XI
1. If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.
2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.
3. I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.
4. As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.
5. She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her
money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.
6. No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.
XII
1 ．If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．‘
2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.
3 ．I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along·
4. As their products find their way into the international market，their brand is gaining in popularity.
5 ．She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her
money was gone，but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.
6 ．No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him．
XII.
1.如果没有查理·卓别林，世界电影史就会不一样了。
2.令人感到宽慰的是，他的努力最终给予了他长期渴望的结果—他成功地发现了这种疾病的原因。
3.查理·卓别林是最伟大、最广受热爱的电影明星之一。从《流浪汉》到《摩登时代》，他拍
摄了许多他那个时代最有趣、最受欢迎的电影。他最出名的是他扮演的一个人物—年轻可 爱的小流浪汉。
4.卓别林是一个才能非凡的人：自他1914年第一次在电影中出现，两年时间内他就成了这个国
家最有名的人物之一。
5.查理·卓别林对20世纪初期每个人的生活都产生了影响。与有史以来的任何人相比，他让更
多的人欢笑，改变了人们看待这个世界的方式。
6. 1977年，查理·卓别林在圣诞节那天去世了，身后留下了悲伤的家人和朋友，以及全世界数
以百万计的影迷。
Cloze
XIII.
1 ．C 2. B 3．C 4.B 5．A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. C
11 ．D 12. A 13．A 14.C 15．B 16. D 17．A 18．C 19. B 20. A
Structured Writing
XV.
Charlie Chaplin is a great comic for his native land Britain, but even more so for the world. On the
stage he often wore tiny moustaches, huge pants and tailcoats that were perhaps more characteristic of
Europeans and may be not much of the British. Since more than half of the roles Chaplin played were
in silent films, people throughout the world had no difficulty understanding his films. With sound
movies, Chaplin created a nonsense language that sounded like no known nationality and was accepted
and appreciated by people all over the world. For most of his lifetime he did not stay in his mother
country; he traveled throughout the world to appear on stage for people of different nationalities.
SECTION B
I.
1. F. It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions. Words representing opinions: a most revolutionary thing
Words representing facts: six months ago; ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won
2. F? It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions. Words representing opinions: even more surprising
Words representing facts: was voted in by her colleagues on the District Council, all men
3. O. It is basically an opinion though the sentence contains some words for facts. Words representing opinions: suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force
Words representing facts: thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi
4. F. It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions. Words representing opinions: many women had not been taught the basics of political participation
Words representing facts: One veteran female political activist said
What the veteran female political activist said was a fact. So the sentence is basically factual.
5. O. It is basically an opinion though the sentence contains some words for facts. Words representing opinions: not a new phenomenon
Words representing facts: political activity among Kenyan women
Comprehension of the 5-ext
II.
1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.F 8.T
Vocabulary
III.
1. fierce 2. launched 3. colleagues 4. illegal 5. funded
6. jealous 7. refresh 8. substantial 9. sow 10. ridiculous
IV.
1. Could we take a walk? I feel like a little exercise.
2. Ms. Mbogo had made a bold decision: to run for mayor of Embu, Kenya.
3. Some leaders in Kenya were afraid of losing their power, so they tried everything to shut' Kenyan
women out of politics.
4. She decided long ago that she would study the subject in earnest as soon as she left school.
5. He was arrested because he was paid to spy on our air bases.
6. After almost four hours of fierce negotiation, the President had the upper hand.
7. Victims of traffic accidents make up almost a quarter of the hospital's patients.
8. Ms. Mbogo's victory was important because all her male colleagues voted her in.
9. Two young men were originally hired to watch over the house as it was being built.
10. It is reported that government troops tried to break up the protest by firing their guns in the air. style
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册
unit 3
Section A
Vocabulary
III.
1. raw 2. convicted 3. compensation 4. notify 5. provisions
6. receipt 7. paste 8. altered 9. thrive 10. certify
Exercises on Web course only:
11. donation 12. roast 13. rent 14. champion 15. temptation
IV
1. up 2. to 3. down 4. of 5. out
6. into 7. for 8. on 9. through 10. of
V.
1. M 2. E 3. G 4. A 5. H 6. C 7.1 8. K 9.0 10. D
Collocation
VI.
1. respect 2. degree 3. money 4. living 5. praise
6. place 7. success 8. scholarship 9. job 10. reputation
Word Building
VII.
1. longish 2. animal-like 3. selfish 4. honey-like
5. ball-like 6. boyish 7. yellowish 8. bookish
VIII.
1. politicians 2. technician 3. comedian 4. musicians
5. physicians 6. electricians 7. beautician 8. magician
sentence structure
IX.
1. The wanted man is believed to be living in New York.
2. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods.
3. Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion.
4. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.
5. Four people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident. X.
1. He tried sending her flowers, but it didn't have any effect.
2. I don't regret telling her what I thought, even if I upset her.
3. The window was broken because I forgot to close it when I left.
4. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.
5. He welcomed the new student and then went on to explain the college regulations. Translation
XI.
1. Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the
affair in person.
2. These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are
again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.
3. You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.
4. Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arrived three hours later than they had
planned.
5. The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.
6. The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is
thriving.
XII
1.据报道这个男子曾在私下说：“许多救济对象在欺骗我们，因此，作为补偿，我们有权让他们对我们点头哈腰。
2.我们考虑了你的背景与经历，很遗憾地告诉你，我们目前没有适合你的工作机会。
3.我没能按奥斯卡的暗示去做，相反，我反驳了那个妇女，结果她竟然是我们的新经理。
4.需要有人来充当穷人权利的捍卫者，因为这一体制太容易被滥用。
5.我的车子在高速公路上抛锚后，我打电话向警察求助，20分钟后他们赶来帮我。
6.他热爱艺术，却经受了巨大的痛苦—贫穷与误解。
close
XIII.
1 ．B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5．B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B
11 ．D 12.A 13.C 14.B 15．D 16.B 17.C 18.A 19:D 20.B
structured Writing
XV
It is difficult to get a welfare client’s wheelchair repaired．Once my wheelchair needed repairing，
and I notified my caseworker. She gave me a lecture that I hadn’t taken good care of my wheelchair.
Then she told me that I must have the patience to wait until she had the time to report my wheelchair
conditions to my medical worker. Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies
to get the cheapest bid and informed the main welfare office at the state capital．It took them another
several days to consider the matter. When they finally got my wheelchair repaired，I had been confined
to bed for more than half a month．
Section B
Reading Skills
I.
1. "The stacks of paper" is being personified as someone who can bear witness to something.
2. "Western ears" symbolize people from Western countries.
3. "A gallery of human faces" symbolizes a gathering of people of different origins.
4. As we know a portrait does not have life. It is in a figurative way to say "a living portrait".
5. The word "like" tells us that this part is a simile, comparing hats to small crowns.
6. "Two tiny birds" are clearly a metaphor for the girl's two small hands, showing that it was with
loving care that the blind man held the girl's hands.
Comprehension of the Text
II.
1. The stacks of paper bore witness to a huge amount of work waiting to be done, even though I had
been working seven days a week.
2. I remember feeling annoyed at this dense collection of humanity.
3. Then the truth struck me. He was blind.
4. As we waited for our drinks, the blind man said, "The music seems out of tune to our Western ears,
but it has charm."
5. They are motionless, waiting for the performance to start.
6. The first performance ended just as we finished dessert, and I excused myself and went to talk to
the theater manager.
7. A few minutes later he was standing next to one of the dancers, her little crowned head hardly
reaching his chest.
8. About a week after our trip, the chairman told me the Chinese executive had called to express great
satisfaction with the trip.
Vocubulary III.
1. skimmed 2. steer 3. chartered 4. angle 5. veil
6. magic 7. realm 8. annoy 9. dense 10. highlighted
IV.
1. Many of these poems bear witness to his years spent in India, England, and China.
2. The other players in the team are better than me, but I'm slowly catching up.
3. 1 was loaded with many parcels, unable to walk any faster.
4. The place was deserted and there was no sign of human beings living there.
5. These instruments should be switched on and checked before we start our work.
6. My friend was dressed in a black coat whereas I was in jeans.
7. All those connected with the mission were in prayer for her, but her life was not spared.
8. May I excuse myself for a while, Mr. Davis?
9. Have you ever noticed that at yesterday's concert one of the violinists was out of tune?
10. All too soon it was over and we left feeling we had just skimmed the surface of this fascinating
topic.
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit4答案
unit 4
Section A
Vocabulary
III.
1. investment 2. disposal 3. condensed 4. strategic 5. revenue
6. scratch 7. utilities 8. invested 9. nowhere 10. transmission
IV.
1. is lagging far behind 2. are stuck with 3. going for 4. remain in contact
5. keep pace with 6. at your disposal 7. dates from 8. scratched the surface of
9. stuck in 10. choose between
V.
1.L 2.N 3.D 4.E 5.H 6.1 7.F 8.0 9.1 10.B
Collocation
VI.
1. exchange 2. growth 3. opportunities 4. understanding 5. benefits
6. peace 7. development 8. career 9. will 10. status
Word Building
VII.
1. superpower 2. superabundant 3. supermarket 4. super-speed
5. supercomputer 6. superman 7. superstar 8. super-efficient
VIII.
1. auto-timer 2. auto-focus 3. autograph 4. auto-reverse
5. autobiography 6. automakers 7. autoloading 8. autocriticism
sentence structure
IX
1. Concentrate on indoor delights rather than outdoor fights and you'll be much better appreciated.
2. As a result of the development of computer technology many people may eventually be able to
work at home rather than go to the office.
3. Some people say that the pupils' achievements this term will be measured by a formal test rather
than their teacher's assessment.
4. They argued that their products should be developed on the basis of need rather than profit.
5. During weekends the businessmen may spend time establishing friendship and mutual trust rather
than discussing any particular item of business.
X.
1. Petrol now is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.
2. Theirs is about three times as big as ours.
3. Latin American customers talk two to four times as long on the phone as people in North America.
4. the fee for cell phones is typically twice as much as for calls made over fixed lines
5. can transmit 250,000 times as much data as a standard telephone wire Translation
XI.
1. Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.
2. Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.
3. In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.
4. Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.
5. For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.
6. We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more
areas and seek further development through joint efforts.
XII.
1，发展中国家认为信息技术是促进经济发展的途径，但一些国家在估算成本与选择技术方
面缺乏经验。
2.据说地球拥有的地下水量大约是其拥有的河流和湖泊水量的三千倍，而且地下水要干净得多。
3.任何人都能照出好照片—问题只是你是否在合适的时间和地点。
4.通过在他们的学校和图书馆安装计算机，这些社区的领导们表明他们决心不在技术上落后。
5.当他开始创办这家公司时，他想他将能在市场上与那些顶级公司并驾齐驱，可是他现在失望
了，因为他没有成功。
6.佛罗里达的一对夫妇在建造一座他们称之为未来之家的房子，它既能抵御咫风，又与周围环
境十分协调。
Cloze
XIII.
1 ．C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D
11．A 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.C
Structured Writing
XV.
Compare the new welfare system with the old one and you would find a world of difference between
the two. Under the new welfare system, the law encourages welfare clients to work on their own for a
gradual shift away from welfare, and this is not the case in the past. Welfare clients now can develop
their talents to make money. In the past, they often cheated to bleed the system for a few extra dollars.
Now caseworkers will gladly help their clients find appropriate jobs rather than act like detectives to
try to seek out any unreported properties. Today many welfare clients have made a choice to live a life
of complete honesty and they tell the truth to caseworkers and declare any extra income they make.
In cases like this, caseworkers will feel greatly relieved because they don't need to search for any
cheating as in the past.
Section B
Readinq Skills
I.
1. Your home computer or TV can provide whatever you need whenever you like.
2. You can learn language easily via computer over distance.
3. Poor people must also have access to high technology as it is essential for their education, work and
daily lives.
4. Some companies provide the technology of information highway to the rich first as that is business.
5. Advocates of universal access have already launched a number of projects of their own for the poor.
Comprehension o f the text
II.
1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.T
Vocabulary
III.
1. transmit 2. insure 3. crucial 4. feedback 5. correspondence
6. specialized 7. tutor 8. hence 9. portion 10. files
Exercises on Web course only:
11. format/file 12. dose 13. terminal 14. correspondent
IV.
1. differ on 2. refer to 3. Compared to 4. specialize in
5. make routine 6. come up with 7. has access to 8. Some steps should be taken
9. signed up for 10. in the hands of
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit5答案
unit 5
Section A
Comprehension o f the text
I.
1. Because 22 million people live alone, which suggests that it is an overwhelming phenomenon in the
United States.
2. Because they can find inspiration in solitude.
3. The more positive one is toward oneself, the less the need for staying with others.
4. It depends. If they live with their friends, the friends' temporary leaving will be received as a
welcome change. However, if they live alone, the temporary absence of friends may leave them
with a feeling of emptiness.
5. Because the need to talk is the most basic need of a solitary person.
6. They may call friends to tell them important things, or talk to themselves, their pets, the television,
or even to strangers.
7. To stay rational, settle down in a comfortable way and find pleasure from the current life,. wait for
anything happy that may happen.
8. The writer thinks that as ordinary people's solitary life differs from that of great minds (like poets
and philosophers), they should cherish the thought that "since we are here, we may as well accept it
and make the best of it".
Vocabulary
III.
1. humble 2. slippery 3. tame 4. inspiration 5. crept
6. apology 7. observation 8. dictate 9. inadequate 10. solitary
Exercises on Web course only:
1l. choked 12. waterproof 13. poetry 14. commodity
IV
1. cast out 2. all by himself 3. stay up late 4. was fond of 5. at one sitting
6. filled up with 7. speaks highly of 8. set forth 9. at length 10. for the time being
V.
1.K 2.H 3.M 4.B 5.A 6.0 7.J 8.D 9.F 10.1
Collocation
VI.
1. efficiency 2. status 3. performance 4. standard 5. coordination
6. sense 7. career 8. quality 9. supply 10. accuracy
Word Cjuifdin8
VIl.
1. underestimated 2. underpaid 3. overslept 4. Underdeveloped
5. overestimated 6. overcharged 7. underweight 8. overloaded
VIll.
1. simplified 2. electrician 3. recovery 4. childlike
5. autobiography 6. underline 7. terrorist 8. overreact
sentence structure
IX.
二 : 新编大学英语（第二版第二册）习题答案
新编大学英语（第二册）习题答案
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Key toExercises of Unit 1
Part Two Reading centered activities
Pre-reading
Reading Comprehension
1.Understanding the structure of thepassage
Para.1-4c para.5-7apara.8-11bpara.12-13 d
2.1) They would stare at them.
2) He felt embarrassed/ ashamed
3) He never let on.
4) He usually walked there with the help ofhis son
5) He was pulled on a child’s sleigh to thesubway station
6) He like basketball, dances, andparties
7) He asked them to sit down and fight withhim.
8) He was proud of his son
9) He missed him very much and was sorry forwhat he had thought about him.
10) He learned to have a good heart from hisfather.
3. 1) C 2)A3)C 4)B5)D6)A7)B8)C9)D10) A
4. Understanding the reference Words.
1)the difficulty in coordination the steps
2)whether a person has a good heart
3)a good heart
4)the baseball team
5)sat down to fight
6)what the son has achieved
7)sensed
8)the reluctance to walk with him
Vocabulary
1. 1) urged 2) halted 3)bother 4) embarrassed 5)adjusted 6) complain 7)kid 8)engage
9)subject 10)saw to it that 11)coordinate 12) participate
2. Word-building
patiencebitternessfortuneknowledgeablereluctantentrance complaint
enviousmemorable frustration
1) bitter2)fortunate3)patience4)memorable5)reluctant6)entrance
7)complaints8)envious9)knowledgeable 10)frustration
Translation
1. He walks slowly becauseof his bad leg.
2. He came to the meetingdespite his serious illness.
3. He saw to it that thesame mistake didn’t happen again.
4. Now that they’ve got toknow each other a little better, the get along just fine.
5. Then I found myselfsurrounded by half a dozen boys.
6. I send you my best wisheson this happy occasion.
Part Three Further development
3. What is love?
1) causes2)offers3)to4)not5)tell6)calls7)attracted8)discovers
9)weak 10)disappointed 11)distance12) out
Part Four Writing and Translation
2. Translation Practice
1.From Chinese into English
1)support a big family
2)care for her children and parents
3)pay for his children’s education
4)after years of diligent research
5)the financial burden on his shoulders
6)She has a golden heart/ a heart of gold andloves people around her.
7)My father has never bought any toys andcandies for my younger brother and me, but I know he loves us.
8)My parents do their best to meet our needsand always keep their promises.
2.From English into Chinese
1) 他从来不感到疲劳，非常喜欢干活，而且说话不多。
2) 有她陪在身边我很高兴并感到安全，尤其是在天气不好之际。
3) 从他那里得到的一切我们都很感激，而且下决心要努力学习来报答他。
她常常给我们讲一些很有趣的故事，而且从这些故事中我能能够知道自己该什么，不该做什么。
Key toExercises of Unit 2
Part Two Reading centered activities
Pre-reading
Reading Comprehension
1.Understanding the main idea of the passage
1)different 2)problems3)communication 4)translator5)trust 6)acceptance7)exaggerate
8)superlatives 9)metaphors10)generalizations11)unsupportive 12)literally13)rethink
14)translate
2.Understanding Specific Information
1) F 2)T3)F 4)T 5)T6)F7)T8)T9) T 10) T
Vocabulary
1.1)mess2)repeat 3)mislead4)intends 5)tend6)exaggerates 7)frustrating
8) misinterpreted9)acceptance 10)trust
2. StepOne1)f2)c3)a4)k 5)I 6)e 7)h8)j9)g10)b 11)d
Step Two1)conveyed/ conveyed2)assistance3)encounter4)conflict 5)emphasis
6)reacted7)recognize8)manner9)assumed/assume10)emerged/emerges 11)ignore
3. 1) out 2) on 3)with 4)of 5)In6) in 7)to8) on 9)At 10) of
Translation
1.I went to the dentist yesterday to have abad/decayed tooth pulled out.
2. The development of things depends fundamentally on internalcauses.
3. All roads lead to Rome.
4. I meant/intended to give you that book today, but I forgot tobring it with me.
5.I was on the verge of accepting hisadvice.
6.Divorce is not a matter you can afford totake lightly.
Part Three Further development
4 .A Letter for James
DearJames, How areyou? verybusy to getreadyplayfriendswon great
gotme mobilephone gottago Pleasewrite back.
Part Four Writing and Translation
2.Translation Practice
1)Misunderstandings are very common in ourdaily lives.
They will cause problems and unnecessary trouble: ruinfriendships, bring misery.
2)There are many ways to avoidmisunderstandings
A. Do not use words that may have double meanings.
B.Express ideas and pronounce wordsclearly.
C.Emphasize the main points.
D.Don’t pretend to understand when youdon’t.
E.Ask for clarification when not clear aboutthe meaning.
F.Be aware of the gender differences incommunication.
3) Many misunderstandings can be avoided if we are carefulenough. Life without misunderstandings will be better andhappier.
Key toExercises of Unit 3
Part Two
Post-reading
Reading Comprehension
1.Understanding the Organization of theText
1)Introduction (para.1)
Each person has the potential to win in his own way.
2)The meaning of “winner” and “loser”(Par. 2)
A winter i［www.61k.com］s one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy andresponsive
A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely
3)Few people are winners and losers all thetime.(Par.3)
4)Winners (Par. 4-7)
Characteristics of a winner:
A. A winter is genuine
B.A winner is not afraid to do his ownthinking and to use his own knowledge.
C.A winner is flexible.
D.A winner has a love for life.
E.A winner cares about the world and itspeople.
5)Losers (Para. 8-10)
Possible causes: Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationship,disease, continuing disappointments, and inadequate physicalcare.
Characteristics of a loser:
A. A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himselfthrough a full range of possible behavior.
B.A loser has difficulty giving and receivinglove.
2.Understanding Specific Information
1) C 2)D 3)A4)B5) C
Vocabulary
1. 1) appreciate A.感激 B.欣赏，赏识
2) Capacity A.容量，容积，容纳力B. 能力，力量，才能
3) channel A.频道 B. 把---导向，引导，集中
4)contribute A.捐献，捐赠，贡献出 B. 有助于， 促成
5)flexible A.有弹性的，柔韧的 B. 灵活的，可变通的
6) guilt A. 罪，罪行 B.内疚，自责，悔恨
7) potential A. 潜在的，可能的 B.潜力，潜能
8) rigid A. 硬的，不易弯曲的 B.严格的，刻板的
2．achieve---achievementdepend---dependencecruel---crueltygenuine---genuineness
aware---awarenesscapable---capabilityexpect---expectationlimit---limitation
unique—uniquenessrespond—responsedisappoint---disappointmentbehave—behavior
1) expectation 2)limitations 3)capability 4)achievement5) response
6)awareness 7)behavior 8)disappointment 9)cruelty10) dependence
3. 1) enteredinto 2)channeled---into3) holds/held back 4) unaware of
5)separates---from6) referred to ---as 7) livedup to 8) calls for
9) contributesto10) sees/ saw ---as
Translation
1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure.
2. She has shown great courage in the face of her seriousillness.
3.We came to the conclusion that she wastelling the truth.
4.His secretary failed to tell him about themeeting.
5.Learning languages isn’t just a matter ofmemorizing words.
6.Once she has made her decision, no one canhold her back.
7.It’ll be difficult to live up to thestandards set by our captain.
8.The scientist referred to this discovery asthe most exciting new development in this field.
Part Four
Writing and Translation
2. Translation Practice
1)Failure is the mother of success.
2)Any man who is afraid of failure will/cannever win.
3)Success means that you enjoy/love and aregood at doing what you are doing now.
4)One who is eager to win will not necessarilywin quickly.
5)A successful person doesn’t ask for thingsfrom others. On the contrary/ Instead, he will ask himself: “ Whatcan I leave to this world?”
6)A real winner is someone who makes thegreatest contributions to the society, not the one who is therichest, or the most famous.
3. Writing
Some people say thatwinning means being rich, some say winning means being powerful,and other think winning means being happy. I think winning meansdoing what you should do and being good at it. Most of us can onlylive in this world for no more than 70 or 80 years. We shouldn’tthink too much about what we can get form this world. Instead, weshould think about what we can leave in this world. The one who canmake more contributions to the world is a real winner. For example,cleaning the street is a humble job in many people’s eyes, but inmy opinion, street cleaners can also be great winners. They makeour city more beautiful. They give us a better environment andconsequently a better life. But, on the contrary, some people makemoney at the cost of the environment. Some are even worse: theycheat or kill others in order to gain power or earn money. Winnersor losers? It’s time to give it a second thought.
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三 : 新视野大学英语第三册答案及课文翻译(第二版
第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第三册 uni1 答案 III 1 beneath 2 disguised 3 whistles 4 restrain 5 grasp 6 longing 7 praying 8 faithful 9 pledge 10 drain IV 1 tell …on you 2 track down 3 work it out 4 picking on me
5 reckoned with 6 call on 7 on his own 8 get through 9 in disguise 10 revolves around V GODIKLBFAN VI 1 advise 2 level 3 problems 4 necessity 5 skills 6 experience 7 solution 8 value 9 tool 10 manner VII 1 air-conditioned(装空调的；有冷气的) 2 handmade（手工制作的） 3 thunderstruck（非常吃惊的） 4 heartfelt（衷心的；诚挚的） 5 data-based（基于数据的） 6 self-employed（自主经营的） 7 custom-built （定制的；定做的） 8 weather-beaten（饱经风霜的） VIII 1. well-informed 对……非常熟悉的） 2 new-found 新获得的） 3 hard-earned 辛苦挣得的） 4 soft-spoken （ （ （ （说话温柔的） 5 newly-married（新婚的）6 widely-held（普遍认为的） 7 well-meant（出于好意的） 8 well-educated（受过良好教育的） IX 1 no matter how different it may seem form any other substance 2 no matter what a woman tries to do to improve her situation 3 no matter what excuse he gives 4 no matter what anyone else may think 5 no matter how they rewrite history X 1 just as we gained fame in victory, we lost nothing in defeat 2 just as the head teacher plays a significant role in the school, Jane plays a significant role f leader in the classroom. 3 whoever was out there obviously couldn’t see him just as he couldn’t see them. 4 she has been searching all her life for the perfect chocolate just as I have been searching for the perfect beer. 5 you can make those kinds of comparisons just as you were doing the analyses a minute ago. XI 1. No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2. Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 3. Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4. If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 5. Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6. Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the
company. XII 1. 每当有人帮了你，无论事情大小，无论他地位高低，你都应该对他说声“谢谢”。 2．蒸汽机的发明使船舶发生了变化，正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样。 3．尽管经理努力帮忙，他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。 4．这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转，完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。 5．如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要对。 6．吉米有他妹妹帮助他度过那些没有父亲的艰难日子。 XIII 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 D 6 A 7 D 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 A 14 C 15 D 16 C 17 A 18 C 19 D 20 A 第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第三册 unit2 答案 III 1 moderate 2 consume 3 advisable 4 modified 5 evidence 6 restricted 7 calculate 8 remedy 9 impact 10 sufficient IV 1 bounce back 2 summed up 3 Up to 4 at risk 5 went to zero 6 goes up 7 interfere with 8 derived from 9 In general 10 take in V GKONJACDFI VI 1 cost 2 pollution 3 potential 4 quality 5 chance 6 crime 7 interest 8 efficiency 9 strength 10 creativity VII 1 appearance 2 utterance 3 attendance 4 hindrance 5 maintenance 6 resistance 7 performance 8 existence 9. occurrence 10. acceptance VIII 1. world-famous 2 ice-cold 3 snow-white 4 waterproof 5 waist-deep 6 carefree IX 1 Mr. Howe, my favorite professor, has received a Distinguished Teacher Award. 2 Yesterday I went fishing, something I hadn’t done in years. 3 Some women are normally inactive but then all of a sudden start a program of intense exercise, an action that breaks the laws of sports science. 4 Even a brief visit to Greece, a modern country with ancient civilization, gives you a deep sense of its culture. 5 The ancient Chinese, a people of inventors, discoverers, philosophers, soldiers, poets, craftsmen, gave the world many of its most useful things. X 1 His homework done, his composition written, Larry decided to go and see the film. 2 The manager sat quietly in the office, (his) eyes closed, waiting for the telephone to ring. 3 The room was a mess, empty bottles and beer cans (being) everywhere. 4 When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper spread before him. 5 Diana stood motionless at the end of the diving board, tears streaming down her cheeks.
XI 1. The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2. All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 3. No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4. Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5. If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6. Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. XII 1. 作为补救缺铁的一种方法，专家推荐食用肉、鸡和鱼，它们是最好的铁质来源，也是唯一最容易被身体 吸收的铁质来源。 2．铁质储量为零时，你会觉得虚弱，疲乏无力，喘不过气，这是缺铁第三阶段的典型症状。 3. 耐力运动员，尤其是女性，经常会缺铁，如果增食肉类食物或服用铁质补剂，能够恢复到健康状态。 4．这位运动医学专家认为，感到劳累、工作效率差的人，最好食用61阅读球。他发现打网球是一种很好的放松方式。 退休后， 4.退休后，他远离政治，开始打网球。他发现打网球是一种很好的放松方式。 5.过了一会 显然带着不情愿，他在电话里承认了自己的身份，并请求我原谅他。 过了一会， 5.过了一会，显然带着不情愿，他在电话里承认了自己的身份，并请求我原谅他。 6.在我看来 当老师的唯一缺陷，是它不太会引起公众的注意。 在我看来， 6.在我看来，当老师的唯一缺陷，是它不太会引起公众的注意。 Cloze Cloze XIII. l.B 2.C 3. A 4.B 5.D 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B Text Structure Analysis John Bullyer was doing mathematical work that supported big, scientific projects. newspapers Occasional paragraphs in newspapers charted his steady success. On the occasion when he retired, a report said that his last job was the harnessing of solar power for a satellite put into orbit. I was, by that time, successful in my own line, having written a streak of 30 without bestsellers without a single failure. Structured Writing XV. Shopping has changed in recent years. Going shopping took time and strength in the past. If you were to buy food, household items and clothing, you had to visit within different shops. Sometimes they were not within walking distance. You had to take a bus to go from one place to another. It was not unusual that shopping would take you a whole day and at the time you returned home, you'd he completely exhausted. In contrast, shopping nowadays has become something enjoyable. A lot of supermarkets, in which prices are usually lower and a wider variety of items are offered-mainly offeredfood, household items, clothing, bedding and furniture or even anything that is out of your imagination. So you cast hay everything you need in a single supermarket. Most of the supermarkets operate on the "serve yourself' method: You go in. pick up a basket, walk round it and choose what you want. At the exit there is a checkout lane where you pay for everything at one time.
第一单元 1 我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。 从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。 伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。 ” 不带上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的 游戏。 我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。 我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。 我则负责外面的事， 找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母， 告他们的状， 为我哥哥讨回公道。 父亲和吉米形影不离。 他们一道吃早饭，平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心，他们都在那里工作，吉米在那搬 卸标有彩色代号的箱子。 晚饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。 他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。 所以，父亲 1991 年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。 他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。 通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表 情了解他的心事。 我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还 是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。 有一天，我问他： “你是不是想念爸爸？” 他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我： “你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的朋友。 ” 接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。 六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。 吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。 我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像适应得很好。 但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。 此事最后做成了。 如今，他在那里生活了 11 年，在许多人的照料下，同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。 他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。 如果你有邮件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。 当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。 事实上，关照像吉米这样一个深爱又感激我的人，更加丰富了我的生活，其他任何东西都不 能与之相比。 这一点，在 9·11 灾难后几天更显真切。那天是吉米 57 岁生日。
我在纽约自己的家里为他举办生日宴会，但是我们家的人都没能来参加，因为交通困难，而 且灾难带来的恐惧使他们依然心有余悸。 我邀请了我的好友，请他们来帮忙把宴会弄得热闹些，增加点欢快气氛，没去理会他们多数 人在情感上都有些疲惫这一事实。 于是我一反常态，没说“请不要带礼物” ，而是向他们喊“请带礼物来” 。 我的朋友──吉米认识他们多年了──带来了中意的礼物： 乡村音乐 CD、 一件长袖运动衫、 一条有“吉米”字样的皮带、一顶编织的羊毛帽，还有一套61阅读上不断接收的数据， 另一台处理 他接收的数以百计的电子邮件。 甚至他在用可视电话主持会议时，还能审核数据。 盖茨主要通过以下三种方法来经营他的公司： 他每天 （和每晚） 发出 100 封或更多电子邮件； 他大约每月与由专家和顾问组成的高层管理委员会会晤一次； 更重要的是，他每天召开两三个小型碰头会，接连与会的是研发公司各种产品的团队。 他不作指名道姓的个别谈话，也不作太多的表扬，只作顺时针方向的圆桌会谈，仔细听取每 个人的意见。 遇到不太明白的说法，他就询问甚至质疑他的手下。 “请就此明示， ”他会这么说，希望把不清楚的地方弄明白。 他作出的每个决定，都是基于对其价值的了解。 他不需要依赖个人权术。 比尔·盖茨读六年级时，他父母送他去看心理医生。 一年后，经过多次看医生和检查，医生有了结论。 “您管不了他的， ”他对盖茨的母亲玛丽说。
“最好接受现实，打他是不管用的。 ” 自从盖茨从哈佛退学转去攻克计算机操作系统和应用软件，22 年来他一直是那些企图挤进 这个市场的竞争对手的死敌。 1975 年初，他 19 岁，还在哈佛大学读书，他和保罗·艾伦写了一份程序设计语言的编译程 序，供 MITS （微仪表和自动系统公司）的 Altair 电脑用，这是第一台商业个人电脑。 盖茨是个勤奋的编码者和竞争对手， 而艾伦却是个充满幻想的梦想家， 正是他们的这种密切 关系给微软垫定了第一块砖。 1976 年，盖茨开始许可计算机生产商直接配销微软软件产品，这大大增加了微软的利润。 尽管 MITS 很快就关闭了，微软却已吸引住了新的顾客，还包括当时一些小硬件公司，如苹 果公司，柯摩多尔公司和坦迪公司。 1980 年，IBM（美国国际商用机器公司）邀请微软为其新产品即 IBM 个人电脑（IBM PC） 编写一整套程序设计语言。 盖茨提议微软也可以生产操作系统（即微软磁盘操作系统，MS-DOS） 。 于是 IMB PC 和 MS-DOS 便捆绑在一起，并于 1981 年 8 月面世。 整个 20 世纪 80 年代，微软稳定发展。到了 90 年代，MS-DOS 已出口到世界各地，成了独 霸全球的软件平台。 到 1995 年，全世界大约 85%的个人电脑使用微软操作系统。 如今， “微软校园”成了新思想和新产品的“家园” ，产品数量目前超过 200 种。 其雇员迅速增加到将近 18,000 人，利润达到 60 亿美元。 到 1992 年，至少有 3,400 名微软雇员因持有微软股份而成为百万富翁。 盖茨说，他希望再经营微软十年，并许诺之后会将主要精力放在家庭和捐赠自己的钱财上。 但是这不会是你听到他的最后的故事。 在发达国家， 几乎人人都已使用或正在使用含有他的部件的产品。 人们借用微软浏览器上网， 观看梦工厂带来的影片。 人们唯独不知道的是，不久的将来他还会干什么。
2 1863 年，美国废除了黑奴制，黑奴自由问题引生的血腥内战也于 1865 年以签订投降协议而 结束， 但是，为美国黑人平等权利而战的斗争却刚刚开始。 黑人的民权直到 1964 年才受到法律保护。许多黑人在美国南部的种植园劳动，这里黑人的 权利来得尤其缓慢。 内战后的 100 年间，对黑人平等权利的抵制常常充满暴力。 然而，这既不能终止黑人要求平等权利的运动，也不能使这场运动最伟大的领袖马丁·路 德·金求助于暴力手段来达到获得平等的目的。 坐牢、拷打和贿赂，都不能让他停止奋斗，因为他的努力，他获得了诺贝尔和平奖。 1968 年，一个邪恶的人想让这位领袖永远保持沉默，开枪结束了他的生命。但是他的梦想 以及为正义、和平而战的斗争却留存了下来。
20 世纪中叶，二次世界大战后的那些年，民权运动在马丁·路德·金的领导下开展得如火 如荼。 他的能言善劝给这场运动注入势不可挡的力量。 1954 年，金就任亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利市德克斯特大街浸礼会的牧师。 他建立了一些委员会进行各种各样的社会行动，其中包括为黑人争取民权。 早期取得的成就有 1954 年发生在托皮卡的 “布朗对抗教育委员会” （Brown vs. Board of 一案 Education of Topeka）的决议，在这个决议中，最高法院改变了在学校实行了几十年的种族 隔离的做法，宣称隔离制度本质上是不平等的，因而违背了第十四条修正案。 1955 年 12 月， 罗莎· 帕克斯在公共汽车上因为拒绝给一名白人乘客让座而遭逮捕之后， “蒙 哥马利市政改进协会”成立了起来，金任协会会长。 他开始不敢肯定抵制公交车座位隔离制度在道德上是否正确，到后来他想起梭罗的一句话： “我们再也不可与邪恶的制度合作。 ” 12 月 5 日晚上，金做了他后来认为是一生中最具影响力的一次演讲。 他发出了号召，告诉所有相信平等的人们，反对种族政策的时刻到来了。 报纸和电视记者报道了这件事。 在他的指导下，蒙哥马利市的黑人抵制公交车座位隔离制度长达 382 天。 1956 年 11 月，美国最高法院给与种族歧视致命一击，宣布支持种族隔离行为的亚拉巴马州 法律违背了联邦宪法。 12 月，蒙哥马利市的黑人和白人首次平等同乘公交车。 抵制蒙哥马利公交车座位隔离制度的运动使金成为美国黑人社会的英雄。 他的勇气和演说能力使他成为最受尊敬的民权运动领袖。 金发起了一系列民权运动，旨在调整雇工制度和消除所有公共场合中的种族隔离行为。 他组织抗议，到处游说，被逮捕超过 15 次。 1963 年的 3、4 月间，他在亚拉巴马州的伯明翰市领导了一场大规模抗议活动，呼吁实施合 理雇工制度，终止种族隔离。 金违抗禁止上街游行的禁令，为此被关了 5 天监狱。 这期间，他撰写了《伯明翰狱中书柬》 ，将这些信件散发给那些批评他的行为“不聪明、不 合时宜”的白人宗教领袖。 他写道： “事实上，时间本身是不偏不倚的。 人类的进步从来就不是自然而然地到来……没有奋斗， 时间本身就变成了使社会一成不变的 势力的同盟者。 ” 1963 年，金和拉尔夫·艾伯纳西以及其他领导者一起组织了美国历史上最大规模的民权运 动。艾伯纳西当时是他的副手，后来接替他担任南方基督教领袖会（SCLC）主席。 8 月 23 日，大约 25 万人为争取自由向首都华盛顿进军。 这一进军犹如一次军事行动。 他们──黑人、白人以及其他人种──站在 10 公顷的土地上，见证国会表决民权法，给参 议院中反对民权法的人，比如代表南方一些州的共和党代表，施加压力。 就在那一天，金发表了他的著名演说，告诉全世界他四海之内皆兄弟的信念。 在他因“我有一个梦想”这一口号而著称的演说中，他表达了自己的希望，即在上帝的伟大
国度里，自由将属于全人类。 次年七月，总统林登·约翰逊邀请金到白宫，请他见证 1964 年的《民权法案》 。 这一法案确认， 在公共场合隔离白人和黑人以及在雇工、 工作环境和支付工资方面实施种族 歧视都是违法的。 当年晚些时候，金获得了 1964 年诺贝尔和平奖。 挪威诺贝尔委员会的冈纳·杨说： “马丁·路德·金是位信使，他向所有为和平而奋斗的人 传递着一个号召...他已向西方世界证明，不用武力也可以发起一场斗争。 ” 在他的诺贝尔奖演讲中，金说： “这场运动不是要以让白人困窘或者使白人变为奴隶为代价 来解放黑人。 它寻求的不是针对任何一方的胜利。 它寻求的是解放美国社会，让所有的人来参与自我解放。 ” 1968 年 4 月 4 日，金站在孟菲斯市洛林旅馆的二楼房间的阳台上时被人开枪谋杀。 1983 年美国国会确定每年一月的第三个星期一为金的纪念日。
第八单元 1 起初，这对人们绝对是个震惊。 有消息称科学家已经成功克隆了一只成年哺乳动物，一项长期以来被认为是不可能的成就。 这一传闻引发了每个人的想象。 克隆多莉（一只相貌无奇的绵羊）的实验过程，从理论上说也同样适用于克隆人类。 一个克隆人的世界突然间近在咫尺， 科幻小说变成了现实。 此消息宣布之后，为了一个未知世界，一个充满各种不可思议的可能性的未来，各国政府立 即起草指导方针。 克林顿总统命令一个全国委员会研究克隆在法律和道德上的含义。 在欧洲， 大多数国家都已禁止克隆人类， 各国领导此时也开始研究克隆其他物种的道德含义。 就像相对论、原子裂变和第一次太空飞行一样，多莉的出现给科学家、政治家和哲学家们提 出了一长串难以解答的难题。 关于克隆的奇怪问题不断涌现。 首先，为什么有人想克隆人类? 专家们考虑得最多的关于克隆人类的情形可以分为两大类：1)父母想要克隆孩子，要么是想 为面临死亡威胁的孩子提供移植器官，要么是想代替那个孩子；2)成年人出于各种各样的原 因想要克隆自己。
是否可能克隆死去的人? 有位专家说，如果是刚死去不久，也许就可能。 所使用的克隆方法要求将一个卵细胞和一个含有被克隆人的 DNA 的细胞核相结合。 (DNA 是一种含有我们的基因信息的狭长带状分子。) 这就意味着细胞核必须保持完整。 而人死之后，细胞死亡，细胞核就开始分裂。 但是，的确，至少从理论上说克隆死去的人是可能的。 克隆的人会和母本一模一样吗? 相同的基因不会复制出相同的人。任何认识一些双胞胎的人都知道这一点。 事实上，双胞胎相像的程度胜于克隆人，因为他们至少在母体内分享过相同的环境，通常也 在同一个家庭里被抚养长大，等等。 父母可能克隆出一个面貌与第一个孩子相似的人， 但是所有的证据都表明， 这两个人的个性 会有很大差异。 一出生就被分开的双胞胎， 有时可能有相同的个性特征， 但是这样的特征出现在克隆的儿子 或女儿身上，却只能令人想起失去的孩子。 即使从生物学的角度看，克隆人也不会和“母本”一模一样。 比如，克隆人的细胞可能会有来自卵子而非被克隆人的能量加工机制。 然而， 在母体和克隆体之间存在的身体差异大部分都很小， 需要在设备精良的实验室里才能 测定。 唯一可能的例外就是生育能力。 成功地实施了克隆多莉的科学家们也不敢肯定多莉是否能生育。 他们会等到多莉到了生育年龄时再确认这一点。 如果父母决定克隆一个孩子以获得器官，那会怎样? 多数专家都认为， 如果一个孩子感到自己只是作为一个器官捐赠者来到这个世界， 那他的心 理可能受到伤害。 但也有为了进行一些非致命器官的移植而生育第二个小孩的父母，对此许多专家也并不反 对。 克隆可以将组织适配率从 25%提高到将近 100%。 如果把被克隆的动物用作器官捐赠体，那我们就不必担心为器官移植而克隆双胞胎了。 例如，猪的器官就和人类的差不多大小。 但是人体会排斥并破坏来自其他物种的组织。 为了克服这一障碍，一家公司正在试图改变猪的基因码，以避免猪的器官受到排斥。 如果该公司的技术人员成功的话，那么用克隆技术来繁殖这样的猪比用现行的方法更为有 效。 克隆的人将如何称呼其 DNA 捐赠者?
称呼“妈妈”不正确，因为提供卵子并生下婴孩的女子才更有资格被称为母亲。 称呼“爸爸”也不对。 传统意义上的父亲只提供孩子身上一半的 DNA。 朱迪斯·马丁在用笔名“礼仪小姐”撰写的著作里建议这样称呼： “尊敬的先生/夫人” 。 为什么呢? “不论他们用什么方式将你带到这个世界， ”她说， “人总得尊敬自己的祖先。 ” 这样做还是留下了一些词汇上的难题。 一本词典的主编说，名词“被克隆者”听起来不错，但却不够明晰。 他更愿意用“母本”和“副本” 。 克隆对社会还有什么其他含义? 最让人担心的不是克隆本身，而是基因工程──即根据特定的要求故意改变基因来创造人 类。 具体地说，有些专家担心会出现一个新的（和不被尊重的）社会阶层，即“克隆阶层” 。 有位专家相信，这一情形类似于 16 世纪时的一种情况，当时的欧洲人对如何对美洲的陌生 居民进行归类感到困惑，并无休止地争论他们究竟是不是人类。 问题不胜枚举，而人们只是刚刚开始探询克隆技术出现后的世界的未来。
2 上星期的新闻报道说，科学家已经克隆了一只绵羊。这一消息引起了学术界和公众的恐慌， 他们预想下一个就轮到克隆人类了。 这种反应是可以理解的。 克隆向生物学最基本的规律发起了一次根本性的挑战， 因此有理由担心这或许是威胁人类社 会和人类尊严的活动的序曲。 然而，这种道义上的反对大多出自一种本能的、未经思索的厌恶。 这种拒绝对此问题作理性思考的行为， 甚至使训练有素的科学家和其他专家也难以看清这件 事的实质。 虽然克隆人类可能不会给人类带来很大的好处， 但也没有人能提供有力的论据证明它会带来 真正的危害。 保守派的宗教领袖宣称，克隆人类是对人类尊严的一次重大挑战。 假如克隆的人被当作一种次等动物，权利小，地位低，事实就会的确如此。 但是为什么会想到保护人类权利和尊严的法律不适用于被克隆的人呢？ 一名权威律师提出，克隆将会违犯“基因唯一身份权” 。 他从何处得来这一权利？ 未经通知并征得本人同意，成年人有权不被克隆，这是完全合理的。 但是，如果事先得到允许，那又会侵犯谁的基因身份“权”呢？ 有关克隆人类前景的科幻小说所发出的种种真切的警告，仔细想来，却变成了无稽之谈。
例如，有人担心，父母克隆孩子是为了“备用器官” ，以备原来的孩子器官移植之需。 但是，同卵双胞胎的父母并不会把一个孩子看作另一个孩子的器官作坊。 为什么克隆孩子的父母会有所不同？ 另一个让人不安的想法是， 克隆会使人们致力于培育具有理想基因特质的个人 （如数学天才、 足球运动员等） 。 这样的想法很令人反感， 不仅仅缘于一种下意识的厌恶， 还因为纳粹分子以优化种族之名实 施的恐怖行为。 但是， 某些团体实施的培育项目和在民主社会里已有先例的更为无害的培育方式之间存在着 天壤之别：前者迫切地培育某类人因而对其余的人进行毁灭，而后者，比如说律师，则是通 过自由地选择与别的律师发生性关系得以实现。 已经有了贮存天才的冷冻精子的精子库， 但它们还没有生成一个优等种族， 原因是很少有妇 女排队等候以这种方式怀孕。 为什么我们要认为克隆人类是与此不同的呢？ 那么谁可能从克隆技术中受益呢？ 也许是濒临死亡的孩子的父母。 这在心理学上似乎不可信。但是，和一个正常生育的孩子相比，被这样的可疑的父母所克隆 的孩子，被关爱或被抛弃的机会却是完全一样的。 患不孕症的夫妇也可能求助于克隆。 这样的夫妇当然也有其他选择（人工授精，或收养孩子)，但这不能作为剥夺他们克隆权利 的借口。 或者不妨考虑一下理查德· 波斯纳法官举出的例子： 有一对夫妇， 丈夫不幸有某种基因缺陷。 目前，如果这对夫妇想要一个具有自己遗传基因的孩子，他们有四个不甚令人满意的选择。 他们可以自然生育，但却要冒着把疾病遗传给孩子的风险； 他们可以去精子库，冒险尝试不知名的基因； 他们也可以人工授精，然后在将受精卵植入母体之前，或在生育之前，放弃有遗传缺陷的胎 儿──尽管这也可能引起反对； 或者，他们还可以请孩子父亲的某位男性亲戚捐献精子──如果有这么一位亲戚的话。 在这个例子中，就连不愿意在显微镜下创造孩子的人也可能认为克隆不是最坏的选择。 即使克隆人类不会给人类提供任何明显的好处，为什么要禁止它？ 在民主社会里， 除非有证据证明某件事确实或可能产生危害， 否则我们通常不会立法禁止它。 在我们尚未继续前进之前， 最好是先要求暂时停止克隆人类的研究， 以便系统地研究它所引 发的深刻问题。 当克隆研究重新开始时，克隆人类应该仍然会是一项历时长久的研究活动。 而且， 如果试图研究， 它就应当──而且毫无疑问地将会──在谨慎的检查和层层的法律监 督之下进行。 最重要的是，约束人类克隆行为的，应当也是现在保护人权的同一法律。 对于克隆人来说不安全的世界，也会是一个对我们其他人同样不安全的世界。
第九单元
1 一位即将结婚的男子希望能够确保即使婚姻失败， 他仍可以把他珍爱的冰淇淋藏品好好储存 在冰柜里。 一名女子坚持要求明确婚后由谁来遛狗。 一名男子要求，如果他未来的新娘婚后体重增加 15 磅以上，他有权离婚。 以上这些都是婚前协议中一些比较荒唐的条款。 但是不要弄错了，大多数婚前协议涉及到的都是钱──以及一旦离婚该怎样分配财产。 而且，离婚及其带来的钱财纠纷，在美国是很常见的事。 婚前协议──简称 prenup──就是用来处理这些问题的。 婚前协议由即将结婚的男女双方的律师共同协定， 然后由双方在牧师宣布他们结为夫妻之前 签署。 自 20 世纪 80 年代初以来， 婚前协议在美国被越来越多的人接受， 因为当时越来越多的州开 始通过关于离婚财产分配的法律。 这些法律要么是基于“共有财产” （平均分配） ，要么是基于“合理分配” （法官认为怎样“公 平”就怎样分） 。 名人的婚前协议总是新闻头条：杰奎琳·肯尼迪·奥纳西斯的律师在亚里士多德·奥纳西斯 死后拿出两人的婚前协议对簿公堂，据说她后来在庭外和解中得到了 2,600 万美元。 但婚前协议也适用于那些不甚有名却很富有的人。 “这是因为离婚会带来巨大的经济后果，而再婚又如此常见， ”一位家庭法律师说。 典型的想签订婚前协议的人是那些积累了大量财富、 曾吃过苦头的男性， 他们想减少日后的 麻烦。 “他们想自己安排解决，而不想让法庭裁决， ” 美国婚姻法律师协会纽约分会的会长说。 保护前一次婚姻的孩子是签署婚前契约的一个重要原因。 “有人可能有价值 10 亿美元的财产，而他又不想让第二个配偶分得 5 亿美元。他可能想多 留一点给自己的孩子， ”一名律师说。 为了将财产传到自己的儿孙手中，六、七十岁的退休丧偶老人在找老伴时，订立婚前协议也 很常见。 另一种要求签订婚前协议的情况大多是， 未来的丈夫或妻子已经或即将继承巨额遗产或家庭 产业，而未来伴侣却家产不多或一贫如洗。 但是， 即使双方签订了这样的协议， 如果不遵循正确的指导方针， 还是不可能在法院实施它。 协议应当由律师起草，因为文字错误──哪怕只是介词放错了位置──也可能是灾难性的。 但婚姻法顾问警告说，永远不要选择你未来伴侣的律师来做你的律师。 另一个问题是出于压力而签订的婚前协议。 为避免这类问题，有些律师不愿在婚期已定之后起草协议。 “我认为他们的头上悬着一把剑，那就是压力， ”一位律师这样说道。
这些律师会建议自己的当事人绝不要在双方签订协议之前发出结婚请柬。 但不是每个人都采纳这一建议。 律师们援引的一个经典例子是： “婚礼那天，某人──通常是女方──面前突然出现了一份 协议，于是，她看都没看一眼就签了字。 ” 还有一位律师回想起一件尴尬事：男女双方还在修改协议，争论哪些该保留，哪些该删除， 却有 150 名宾客陆陆续续来参加婚礼。 结果由于协议无法确定，婚礼取消了。 如果夫妇决定离婚时正住在国外，或两人拥有不同的护照，那也可能因婚前协议产生纠纷。 伦敦一家经常为分处英美两国的夫妇处理离婚事宜的律师事务所的一名律师指出，在英国， 法院“基本上忽视”婚前协议，因为英国的法律认为婚姻状况不是静态的，因此应由法官来 决定资产怎样分配。 这就可能导致“逛法庭”的现象，因为问题的关键在于夫妇办理离婚时所在国的法律。 他举了一个例子： “有位富有的艾德·史密斯先生和史密斯夫人结了婚，而且在纽约签订了 婚前契约。 可他们住在英国，后来他们决定离婚。 英国律师会对史密斯夫人说‘不行，那个契约无效。 ’而史密斯先生却想把它当作一桩美国 案例来处理。 案子将在何处受理，这可能大大增加达成协议所需的时间。 ” 这些律师认为，婚前契约是一个商业协议，浪漫的爱情与此过程无关。 他们的理由是：在美国，50%的婚姻最终将被扔进垃圾堆。 另外， 有关婚前协议的讨论将使两个人的钱财完全公开化， 有时这可以使一对夫妇避免一桩 可怕的婚姻。 一个律师说： “它使人们看清一些问题，而这些问题日后可能扩大，并导致离婚。 ” 然而希望还是有的。 这位律师接着说： “很多人一签好协议，就把它扔进抽屉，然后再也不看它一眼。 ”
2 整个世界，不论是在穷国还是富国，家庭生活的结构都在发生着极大的变化。这是对许多国 家作了新的研究分析后得出的结论。 这份研究报告的一位主要撰稿人朱迪斯·布鲁斯说： “认为家庭是个稳定有序的单位，父亲 是经济支柱、母亲是情感给予者的观点已经不现实了。 事实上，像未婚妈妈的出现、离婚率上升和家庭变小这样的趋势，并不是美国独有，而是发 生在世界各地。 ” 这份报告是星期二由人口委员会公布的。人口委员会是一家研究儿童养育问题的国际组织， 总部设在纽约。
其图表所包含的信息来自对几十个国家的人口和家庭所做的各种研究。 主要发现概括如下： · 不论是因为遗弃、分居、离婚，还是因为配偶死亡，婚姻解体的频率都在上升。 在许多发达国家，1970 年至 1990 年间，离婚率翻了一番，而在不太发达的国家，约有四分 之一的首次婚姻都在女方 40 多岁时解体。 · 父母在其黄金工作年间面临着越来越重的双重负担：一是抚养孩子，孩子需要他们的支 持去接受更多的教育；二是赡养父母，父母现在的寿命比以前长。 · 未婚妈妈越来越常见，几乎到处都有。比如在北欧，未婚生育的孩子占出生率的三分之 一。 · 单亲家庭的孩子──通常是只有母亲的家庭，较之与双亲一起生活的孩子，更可能遭受 贫穷，这主要是因为缺少父亲的经济支持。 · 即使是在有父亲的家庭，母亲为孩子承担的经济责任也越来越多。 专家说，即使在不同的文化里，家庭改变的方式也是类似的，这一议题应当促使人们重新思 考社会政策，政府的议事日程尤其应该更多地考虑家庭问题。 人口委员会的报告说，全世界的妇女，无论在家里还是在工作岗位上，都往往比男性工作的 时间长。 对 17 个不太发达的国家的研究表明，妇女的工作时间比男性多出 30%。 从 12 个工业国收集的数据中发现：较之男性普通雇员，女性普通雇员的工作时间多 20%。 妇女在经济上的贡献也越来越重要。 报告指出，在加纳，三分之一有孩子的家庭主要由妇女支撑。 在菲律宾， 人们发现家庭现金收入的三分之一来自妇女， 若是将她们做的诸如种粮食和捡干 草喂家里的驴之类的家务劳动的经济价值计算在内，那她们提供的家庭经济支持将占 55%。 在美国， 本月初公布的一项调查表明， 将近一半的已婚职业女性的收入占家庭总收入的一半 或更多。 尽管加入工作大军的原因可能因国家而不同，但各地的妇女都发现，要让孩子丰衣足食，唯 一的选择就是找一份工作。 高通货膨胀率致使物价上升到了妇女不得不自己挣钱的地步。 “在孟加拉国， 传统上一名女子需要找一份纺织工作， 因为孩子年幼时丈夫就年事已高或者 已经去世， ”布鲁斯女士说， “在非洲，18 岁的女子就可能需要一份工作，因为她还未结婚就生了孩子，而她与孩子的
父亲只有一种若即若离的关系，或者她的丈夫可能另外结婚，需要扶养与别人生的孩子。 ” “在亚洲， ”她接着说， “丈夫可能会为寻找更好的赚钱机会迁移他处，一两年后就不再给家 里寄钱了。 无论在何处，做父母的都发现很少有一份能让一个家庭经济上不发愁的工作。 ” 她还说，甚至在一些不太发达的国家的农村人口当中，对金钱的需求也变得越来越迫切了。 “全世界的父母都越来越意识到学习的重要性， 意识到自己的孩子需要能读会写， 会计算， ” 布鲁斯女士说， “这就意味着他们 6 岁大的孩子不能再跟着自己在地里干活， 而是要到学校里学习字母和加 减法。 由于通常没有奖学金，学费、校服费、交通费还有必需品费，都必须父母掏腰包。 ” 她说， 许多发展中国家经常将削减公立教育经费作为减轻债务计划的一部分。 这一事实更加 重了家庭的压力。 对于这一总体趋势，日本明显是个例外。在日本，单亲家庭和未婚妈妈一直相对较少。 人口委员会的报告发现， 尽管多数国家都对身为母亲的女性做了大量研究， 但对身为父亲的 男性，研究者们却几乎视而不见。 但已有研究发现， 尽管父亲的收入通常要超过母亲的收入， 母亲通常会将自己大部分的收入 用于家庭，而父亲的多用于个人消费，如娱乐等。 收取孩子的抚养费（离了婚的父亲支付的用于抚养孩子的费用）也是件难事。 报告说，在所有离了婚的父亲当中，日本有四分之三，阿根廷有大约三分之二，马来西亚有 二分之一，美国有五分之二的人都不支付孩子的抚养费。
第十单元 1 我和约翰·布雷尔初次见面时，我俩都已 60 出头了，不过，较之别人，他对我的人生影响 最大却是事实，并且我害羞的毛病也主要归咎于他。 卡丽舅妈是我最喜欢的亲戚，也是我最喜欢的权威人物。 她总是一脸笑容，满口赞美之词，随时宽容他人的失误。 对我而言，她只有一个缺点，即她也是约翰·布雷尔的姨妈。约翰是她住在格洛斯特郡的妹 妹的儿子。 卡丽舅妈总是称他“我的另一个外甥小约翰” ，而且总是提起他。 在我意识到之前，我与小约翰可能已被比较了无数次了。 我能清楚记得的第一次，是“卡丽舅妈的另一个外甥小约翰”与我同一天上学，而且他喜欢 上学就像鸭子喜欢水， 而我的第一天却是灾难性的。
而且灾难持续不断。 他是个令人难以置信的孩子，学数学长进很快，解高等数学题轻而易举。而我几乎总是跌跌 撞撞，连学百分数都很费力。 于是我开始害怕卡丽舅妈来访，因为她老是比较我们俩。 时间在继续，我们之间的比较也在继续。 通过放假时大人们的谈论，上学时大人之间的通信，我总能随时了解约翰的进步。 在这样的挑战下，我终于开始寻找我最擅长的事情。 当我发现我擅长写作时，我就用心地提高我的写作水平，置其他一切于脑后。 我只要写作，让约翰去拥有所有其他的吧。 我创作的故事，多半与科技相关，本质上是科幻小说。 都是关于火箭、航天飞机，诸如此类把人送上天的东西。 对自己的性格作了点分析后，我认识到我的这些故事就是自己愿望的延伸，我想愈升愈高， 直至超过约翰·布雷尔。 在以后的 40 年里，有三四次我在报上读到约翰·布雷尔的消息。 他当时在做支持大型科学项目的数学研究工作。 这种职业不太会招来多少公众注意，但偶然见诸报端的报道却描绘了他一步步成功的故事， 直到退休。 另有一次，有一半专栏报道了他，说他最后的工作是将太阳能用于将卫星送入轨道。 他在波斯湾某国为一个政府部门工作。 而那时，我也在自己的行业获得了成功，写了 30 本畅销小说，其中无一失败之作。 后来，那一年的 11 月，我正在一家俱乐部喝酒，等着吃饭。 一声咳嗽令我转头张望。 我看见一个矮矮胖胖的人， 小小的鼻子看上去难以支撑沉重的眼镜 框架。 他叫了我的名字，显然不太自在，而我也不情愿地说是我。 自从我有了点名气后，偶尔也有陌生人向我打招呼。 然后无论他们说什么，我总是感到十分窘迫。 “你—不—不—认识—我—我， ”这个矮小男人结结巴巴地说。 “我叫约翰·布—布雷尔。我们都—都有一个亲戚，卡—卡罗琳·莱西。我过去常常听她提 起你， ”他笑着说。 “你知道……我一直以为，你至少八英尺高，很英俊，生气勃勃，比世界上任何人都能干。 ” 说着话，他的笑容扩散开来。 “真的， ”他说， “卡丽姨妈写的那些关于你的信，弄得我几乎要自杀了。渐渐地，我就不愿 听到你的名字了。 ” 听说他那么多年之后突然见到他我有点吃惊。与你母亲过去常写的关于你的信相比，我说， “ ” “那些信算不了什么。 每次信都告诉我你的计算题做得对。 我总是把你想成一位光辉典范， 九英尺高， 比罗伯特· 泰 勒英俊，比丘吉尔聪明。 所以，那些信是互相夸奖对方的，对不对？”
“对我来说更糟糕， ”他说。 “我一向是小个子，过去总是戴着这东西。 ” 他摸了摸自己的眼镜。 “而你呢，魁梧、英俊，还很聪明。我总得做点什么，而我能做的就是计算。我拼命取悦于 他人，我几乎可以说， ”他似乎有点怨恨地说， “就是因为你，我做了一辈子的算术！ ” “把算术换成写作，你就知道我的情形了， ”我说。 我俩相对而视，脸上挂着相同的表情。 也许，我俩都明白了，我们坐着的这个地方，并不是人生失败的人出没的地方，对于男孩子 来说，无论他们现在什么样，偶尔的鞭策并非一件坏事。 我们都推了推自己的眼镜，两人之间的对抗情绪荡然无存。 虽然都没说话，但我知道，我们在举杯纪念我们的卡丽舅（姨）妈。
2 警察在大街上巡逻。 时值晚上 10 点，冷风飕飕，带着雨意，把城里的街道刮得几乎没了人影， 而这条空冷的大街，也几乎没有一点声响。 警察走在街上心想深夜万籁俱寂， 不可能遇上什么麻烦， 更不用说拔出别在腰间皮带上的手 枪了。 警察挨户地巡逻，查看门是否关好门，就像通常值勤那样，一路穿过宁静的住宅区。 在深夜的这个时刻，住宅区异常的宁静。 倘若围着它绕一圈， 可能会不时地看到牙科急诊所或诸如此类地方的灯光。 但是大多数生意 场所都已经打烊了。 没有哪家酒吧的嘈杂音乐传到街上。 走到某街区的中段，警察突然放慢了脚步。 或许，普通人需要用望远镜才能看清警察从这样远的距离外看到的东西。 但是这个警察不是普通人。 差不多 20 年前，在他获得警察证书的时候，他就因目光锐利而受到称赞。 就在这时，他看见一个男人站在幽暗的五金店门口。 警察一向他走去，那人就开口说话了。 “没事，长官， ”那人安慰地说。 “我在等一位朋友。这是 20 年前的约会。听起来很有趣，是不是？ 好吧，如果有兴致的话，我来给你讲讲。 大约 20 年前，这里有一家餐馆，大乔布雷迪餐馆，就在这个商店所在的位置。 ” “五年前， ”警察说。 “餐馆给拆了。 ”
站在门口的男人划了跟火柴，点上了雪茄。 他吸了一口，雪茄闪着光， 映出一张灰白的脸，一双锐利的眼睛。 他的裤子是黑色，上面有细细的白色条纹。 “20 年前的今晚， ”男人说道， “我在大乔布雷迪餐馆和吉米·韦尔斯吃饭，他是我最好的 朋友。 我和他都在纽约长大。 我们是穷机器修理工，摆弄涡轮引擎，安装发电机。 但这不是我想干的。 第二天早晨，我就会上路，到西部去发财。 你是无法让吉米离开纽约的，不管用什么车，多大马力。 哦，我们倒是答应，20 年后的今晚在这里见面。 ” “你在西部混得不错，是吧？”警察问道。 “那当然！吉米能有我做的一半好就好了。 他不是最聪明的，但人不错。 有些非常聪明的人想得到我的钱，我得跟他们斗一斗。 在纽约人会变懒，变的没朝气。 西部就不同了，西部的严峻形势，能让人变得意志坚强。 我一开始在汽船上工作， 最终凭借着合法的和不合法的手段做了人上人。 ” 警察走了一两步。 “我得走了。如果我一整夜站在这儿聊天，局里会从我工资中扣钱。晚安，先生。 ”他说着 就离开了。 接着下起了大雨，风一阵比一阵紧，刮向城里的街道。 在五金店的门口，那个男人一边抽着雪茄一边等人，他是从一千英里外赶来赴约会的。 大约 20 分钟后，一个身穿长大衣的高个子男人从对面街道匆匆走来， 直奔等待中的男人。 “是你吗，鲍勃？”他问道。 鲍勃，这个从西部来的男人，微笑着点了点头。 两个男人相互问候，然后挽着胳膊走上大街。 来自西部的男人，因为成功而自我膨胀，开始叙述他的职业历史，描绘他的成就。 高个子男人深深地埋在大衣里，兴趣盎然地听着。 拐角处有一家食品杂货店，电灯明亮。 当他们走进灯光下时，两人同时转身凝视对方的面孔。
接着，鲍勃，这个从西部来的男人，注意到了一点怪异。 他朋友的脸有点不对劲，不是他记得的多年前的那张脸了。 在他的夹克下的衬衫上，有一个小小的麦克风。 “你不是吉米·韦尔斯， ”他厉声说。 “时间不会将人改变这么多！ ” “时间有时将好人变成坏人， ”高个子男人说道，一边拔出手枪。 “10 分钟前你就被捕了，你这个坏蛋、蠢才。 现在不做声了，是吗？ 很好。 我说，在我们继续去局里之前，这里有一张字条，是我受人之托带给你的。 你可以在这儿的窗边读一读。 是韦尔斯警官写给你的。 ” “鲍勃：我按时到达了指定地点。 当你划火柴点雪茄时，我把你看清楚了。 鲍勃，你模样变了，我几乎认不出你是我的朋友。 但是，我认得你是芝加哥通缉的罪犯。 不知为什么，我不能亲手逮捕你，所以我去找了位警官来做这项工作。 吉米”
四 : 新视野大学英语第二册听力答案
新视野大学英语听说教程【第二版】
第二册
Unit 1 International Clock Talk
Short Conversations
1- 5.BDCDC
6-10.CBBAC
Long Conversation
1-5.DDABC
Understanding a Passage
1-5.CDBCB
Movie Speech
1.upset 2.sick 3.law 4.harmless 5.break 6.replaced 7.memories 8.natural
9.birthday 10.appreciate
Story-retelling
1. Sit quietly and listen to him 2. A blank stare 3. Put it a different way 4. speak up in class
5. In turn/ a great deal of
Homework Listening
Task 1 1-5.D C B D B
Task 2 1-5.C A B A C
Task 3
1.the age, size and future 2.seventy years ago
3.increase with distance 4.late that month
5.a light year 6.distances in space
7.other measurements 8.support the idea
9.slow down and break up 10.or possibly even older
Unit 2
All that Glitters Is Olympic Gold
Short Conversations
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.A
9.C 10.A
Long Conversation
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D
Understanding a Passage
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D
Movie Speech
1.training 2.touch
5.trouble
6.fighting 7.three
10.borrow
Homework Listening
Task 1 1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A
Task 2 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D
Task 3
1.on the ball 2.did something unexpected
3.at the job or activity 4.hit it out of the park 3.understand 4.appreciate 8.honest 9.cry
5.think it over 6.is very successful
7.complete a job or activity 8.did something wrong
9.how much it is worth 10.close to my selling price
新视野大学英语听说教程【第二版】第二册Unit 3 Pros and Cons of mixed Marriages
Short Conversations
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.B
9. A 10.B
Long Conversation
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A
Understanding a Passage
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B
Movie Dialog
1.night 2.definitely 3.love 4.wise
5.My wife
6.26 7.died 8.youngest 9.goes by
10.gotten old
Listening and Speaking
1.physically OK 2.To the kitchen 3.a bowl of ice cream
4.I don’t need to write it down 5. a plate of bacon and eggs
Supplementary Listening
Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.D
Task 2 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A
Task 3
1.they care about 2.performed marriages .
3.wait longer to get married 4.bring people together
5.plan a blind date 6.follow their cultural traditions
7.meant for the other 8.establishing a relationship
9.improve their chances 10.meet someone over the Internet
新视野大学英语听说教程【第二版】第二册Unit 4 A Hunk of Burning Love
Short Conversations
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C
9.C 10.B
Long Conversation
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B
Understanding a Passage
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A
Movie Speech
1.certain 2.occasionally 3.come along 4.receiving
5.delight
6.gathering 7.natural 8.special 9.welcoming
10.reminding
Homework Listening
Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B
Task 2 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B
Task 3
1.answer a question 2.to be admitted
3.copies of all school records 4.the results of the TOFEL
5.minimum acceptable TOFEL score 6.additional English training
7.conditionally accept students 8.taking regular class
9.provides more information 10.successfully pass classes
新视野大学英语听说教程【第二版】第二册Unit 5 Enough of worries and tears
Short Conversations
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D
9.D 10.C
Long Conversation
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.A
Understanding a Passage
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C
Movie Speech
1.everything the light touches 2.rises and falls 3.will rise
with you 4.shadowy place 5.never go there
6.getting your way
7.exists together 8.respect all creatures 9.let me
explain
10. in the great circle of life
Homework Listening
Task 1 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C
Task 2 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.B
Task 3
1.one million new cases 2.have increased 3.drug treatments
4.gathered results 5.145,000 6.before it has spread
7.from coming back 8.reduce by half 9.within 15 years
10.middle-aged women
新视野大学英语听说教程【第二版】第二册Unit 6 What’s in a name?
Warming up
1.T 2.F 3.T
Short conversations
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A
9.B 10.C
Long conversation
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.B
Passage
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D
Movie dialog
1.important decisions 2.As in
3.agreed on
4.What’s wrong with 5.I mean 6.wait a
minute
7.what a challenge 8.what he’s doing? 9.gets his
way
10.ever imagined
Homework
Task 1 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C
Task 2 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.D
Task 3
1.federal government 2.education reform law 3.be
forced to
4.place top importance on 5.calls
6.main goal
7.by 40 percent 8.low-income and minority
9.poorly performing students 10.free after-school help
新视野大学英语听说教程【第二版】第二册Unit 7 Relax or Die
Short Conversations
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C
9. D 10.C
Long Conversation
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B for
Understanding a Passage
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.B
Movie Speech
1.flight 2.heartbroken
3.tries real hard
4.witnessing a miracle 5.completely 6.marriage
7.special occasions 8.sacrifices 9.dream
10.choose
Homework Listening
Task 1 1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.A
Task 2 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.D
Task 3
1.severe mental health 2.published the findings
3.examined the results 4.gathered the information
5.learn what treatment 6.nervous anxiety
7.illegal drugs 8.less likely to admit
9.with serious disorders 10.prevent many serious cases later
新视野大学英语听说教程【第二版】第二册Unit 8 Life Outside of Work
Short Conversations
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.B
9. A 10.B
Long Conversation
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C
Understanding a Passage
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B
Movie Speech
1.the light had gone 2.should remember
3.don’t go the right way 4.when we suffer defeat
5.you’re really tested 6.on the highest mountain
7.served this government and this country 8.always give your best
9.high hopes and good spirits 10. in our hearts
Homework Listening
Task 1 1.C 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B
Task 2 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C
Task 3
1.how much they expect to learn 2.dishonest reporting
3.are charged with 4.under pressure
5.include a warning 6.should not be held responsible
7.have influenced that decision 8.no reason to stop
9.estimate earnings 10.to
hide bad news
新视野大学英语听说教程【第二版】第二册Unit 9 Only Losers Quit
Short Conversations
1C 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.B
9.C 10.C
Long Conversation
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C
Understanding a Passage
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.B
Movie Speech
1.come on in 2.sweetheart 3.a
life
4.your own destiny 5.God gave you 6.figure that out
7.a box of chocolates 8.explaining 9.had got the cancer
10.with little flowers on it
Homework Listening
Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B
Task 2 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A
Task 3
1.develop a plan 2.reduce cancer rates
3.cancer prevention and control 4.a leading cause of death
5.on the rise 6.cancer-producing chemicals
part of
7.aging populations 8.most common forms,
9.more action is needed 10.early cancer testing
新视野大学英语听说教程【第二版】第二册Unit 10 The Tragedy of War
Warming up
1.F 2.F 3.T
Short Conversations
1.D 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.B
9.C 10.A
Long Conversation
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D
Understanding a Passage
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.A
Movie Speech
1.guarded
3.Marines
4.probably saved lives
6.parties
7. honor
9.freedom
10.Otherwaise
Listening and Discussion
1. A Japanese pen friend. 2.
2.a greater responsibility 5.existence 8.spent defending something He had always criticized the nuclear attacks.
3. Around 140,000 people. 4. Open-ended.
5. Open-ended.
Homework Listening
Task 1 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B
Task 2 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A
Task 3
1.monthly payments 2.more money than
3.is expected to 4.be out of money
5.born out of 6.pay for itself
7.start with 8.survived the death
9.for the poor 10.all federal workers
新视野大学英语第二版读写教程（1~4册）Unit 1~Unit 10 答案
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新视野大学英语第二版读写教程（第一册）Unit 1~Unit 10 答案
http://blog.163.com/chaoyangjian@126/blog/static/13342719820103247493572/
新视野大学英语第二版读写教程（第二册）Unit 1~Unit 10 答案
http://blog.163.com/chaoyangjian@126/blog/static/13342719820103247584576/
新视野大学英语第二版读写教程（第三册）Unit 1~Unit 10 答案
http://blog.163.com/chaoyangjian@126/blog/static/13342719820103248145764/
新视野大学英语第二版读写教程（第四册）Unit 1~Unit 10 答案
http://blog.163.com/chaoyangjian@126/blog/static/1334271982010324831252/
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