一 : 非谓语动词在高考中的考点及易错点
一．非谓语题的解题总方法与思路：
1.先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
2.看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；
3.看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
4.定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。
5.定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（tohavedone/tohavebeendone/havingdone/Havingbeendone），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（todo/tobedone/doing/beingdone/done）。
Eg.
1._________foranhourbyhisteacher,theboyfeltdepressed.
A.BeingscoldedB.HavingbeenscoldedC.TobescoldedD.Scolding【1答案：B】
二．非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：
一)．使用非谓动词的语言结构。
1）在“句子,and/or/but+句子”的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。
2.______hardandyouwillsucceedintheexam.
3.______hardoryouwillfailintheexam.
A.StudyB.TostudyC.StudyingD.Studied【2、3答案：AA】
2）在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：
4.Theteacherdevotedhislifetohiscareer,______mostofhisstudentssuccessfulinstudy.
A.makeB.tomakeC.makingD.made【4答案：C】
3）在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：
5._________withchildren,Iknowwhatisneededmost.
A.WorkingB.HavingworkedC.WorkedD.Towork【5答案：B】
4)在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：
6.Withherbaby_______onherback,thewomanwascleaningtherichman’shouse.
A.sleepB.sleptC.tosleepD.sleeping【6答案：D】
7.Withhishair_______likearoleinthefilm,theboyfeltverycool.
A.cutB.tobecutC.cuttingD.tocut【7答案：B】
5）在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。
8.Hemadehissister______bytakingawayhertoy.
9.Hissisterwasmade_______byhistakingawayhertoy.
A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.cried【8、9答案：AB】
10.thepolicemanfoundthethief______hishandintoanoldman’spocketandarrestedhim.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.beingput【10答案：B】
二).非谓语动词考点易错点：
1）表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况：
11.__________,hefellasleepquickly.
A.TireB.TiringC.TiredD.Totire【11答案：C】
12.Themanwonabigprize,__________and________.
A.surprised;happyB.surprising;happy
C.surprised;pleasantD.surprising;pleased【12答案：A】
13._______inthoughtoftheproblems,themandidn’trealizehisgirlfriend’scomingin.
A.LosingB.LostC.ToloseD.Havinglost【13答案：B】
14.Thestudents________inartcansignintheformandbeamemberofourschool.
A.interestB.interestingC.interestedD.Tointerest【14答案：C】
2)在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题：
15.__________awhiteskirt,thegirllookslikeaangel.
A.WornB.wearC.dressedinD.dressing【15答案：C】
(wear的后面加衣服；dress表示动作时，后面要加人而不加衣；bedressedin是固定搭配，其中的dressed已经演变成形容词，本是其实可以看成是whenthegirlisdressedinawhiteskirt省略而来的。)
16._______inaarmchair,heisalwayssurfingonline,eatingfishandchips.
A.SitB.SatC.SeatingD.Seated【16答案：D】
（Sit是动词，这里应该用sitting;seat作动词时，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且这个词一般用被动形式表示主动意义。）
3）在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题：
17.________tiredandweak,thewomanshouldhaveadayofftoseeadoctor.
A.LookB.LookingC.LookedD.Looking【17答案：D】
（look在本题中不是实意动词，而是感观系动词，系动词在非谓语中用主动式表被动。）
18.Withmanyproblems________________,thenewlyselectedpresidentwillhaveahardtime.
A.remain;unsettledB.remaining;unsettled
C.remained;unsettlingD.remained;unsettling【18答案：B】
（用with开头的部分在这里是一个介词短语，不是句子，因此用非谓语，而remain表示“仍然；仍然是”时是系动词，只能用主动形式；problems与unsettle是动宾关系或被动关系，所以用过去分词unsettled.）
19.Havingsomeclothes___________,Icannotjoinyoutoseethefilm.
A.towashB.tobewashedC.washedD.washing【19答案：A】
（宾语补足语中的动词用非谓语动词；虽然衣服应该是被洗，但是当句子主语与不定式为主谓关系时，我们用主动形式表被动。）
20._________smooth,thiskindofpensellswellinourschool.
A.TowriteB.WritingC.beingwrittenD.Written【20答案：B】
｛20解析：动词如果不是表示动作，而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时，往往用主动形式表示被动。｝
4）从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题：
逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致，有时逻辑主语不一致。逻辑主语不一致时，非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语，这种现象叫做“分词的独立主格结构。”
21._________fromthisangle,themountainlookslikeafaceofaman.
A.ToseeB.SeeingC.SeenD.Saw【21答案：C】
｛21解析：空格处的动词本身没有带主语，那么本句的主语themountain就要做其逻辑主语，由于themountain与see是动宾关系，所以我们选用过去分词。｝
22._______,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.【22答案：C】
A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time'spermitting
｛22解析：permit与I没有主谓关系，也没有动宾关系，permit自带了逻辑主语time(“时间允许的话”)，而time与permit为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词的独立结构。｝
三）注意的几点：
1）有些分词有时可作分词有时又可作形容词。
23._________enemy,LiuHunanwasverybrave.【23答案C】
24._________withdifficulties,weshouldnotgivein.【24答案B】
A.TofaceB.FacedC.FacingD.face
｛23、24解析：23题中的face是一个动词，由于与LiuHunan是逻辑上的主谓关系，我们用现在分词形式，；24题中实际上考查了befacedwith这一固定搭配，其中的faced看成形容词。｝
25.ThepresidentofSouthAfricafliedtoLibya,______tohelpsolvethecrisis.
26.ThepresidentofSouthAfricafliedtoLibya,______athelpingsolvethecrisis.
A.aimB.aimingC.aimedD.toaim【25选B26选C】
｛25、26解析：25题考查了动词aimtodosth.(旨在做某事)，；26题考查固定搭配beaimedatdoingsth.(旨在做某事)其中的aimed看成形容词｝
27.Though_______money,hisparentssenthimtoakeyuniversity.
28.Though_______inmoney,hisparentssenthimtoakeyuniversity.
29.Thoughin_____ofmoney,hisparentssenthimtoakeyuniversity.
A.lackB.lackingC.lackedD.tolack【27选B、28选B、29选A】
｛27、28、29解析：27题中非谓语动词lacking（与hisparents及money分别构成逻辑上的主谓关系和动宾关系）；28题中考查了固定搭配：belackingin(“缺少”)，其中的lacking为形容词；29题考查了固定搭配（介宾结构）inlackof(“缺少”)，其中的lack是名词，这其实是由thoughhisparentswereinlackofmoney省略了主语和were而业的｝
2）作结果状语时，doing与(only)todo的区别。
表示结果状语时，现在分词（v+ing）表示意料之中的结果；而不定式（todo/onlytodo）表示意料之外的结果：
30.Hisparentswerekilledintheaccident,(thus)_______himanorphan.
A.leaveB.leavingC.leftD.toleave【30选B】
｛30解析：他父母出了事故，他变成了孤儿就是意料之中在事情了，用现在分词表结果状语。｝
31.Ihurriedtoschool,only_______thatitwasSunday.【31选D】
A.findB.findingC.foundD.tofind
｛31解析：发现是星期天是我匆忙赶到学校意料之外的结果，说明我忘记了，如果我知道是星期天就不可能还匆忙地赶到学校了。用不定式表意料之外的的结果。｝
3）作主语时，非谓语动词之todo与doing的区别。
32._________isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.【32选B】
A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk
｛不定式做主语常表示具体的一次性的动作;动句词表示一般的经常性的动作，多次散步才会有利于健康。｝
4）演变成了介词或连词的分词。
英语中有些词表面上看是分词，但实际上已经变成了介词，因此应该用ing形式还是分词ed形式已经变得约定俗成了。这时往往不适用非谓动词规则，而是看英美人士的习惯。
33.___________herage，shelooksquiteyoung．
A．ConsiderB.ConsideredC.ToconsiderD.Considering
｛33解析：题意是：“就她的年龄而论，她显得十分年轻。”这里的considering表示“考虑到；鉴于”，它已经变成了介词，不管是“考虑还是被考虑”这里都用considering。｝
高中阶段我们还学过的有：
介词
concerning
regarding
accordingto
including
owingto
关于
关于
根据；按照
包括
因为；由于
连词
given
supposing
seeing(that)
imaging
providing/provided
鉴于
假如
因为；既然
假如
假如
5）有些非谓语动词是省略而来的，有些则不是。
34.______byhermother,thegirlburstintotears.【34选B】
A.BescoldedB.ScoldedC.ScoldingD.Toscold
｛34解析：scold与thegirl是动宾关系，因此用过去分词作原因状语；其实这个句子也是由一个完整的原因状语从句省略来的。原句为：Becausethegirlwasscoldedbyhermother,thegirlburstintotears.当主从复合句的主语一致，且谓语动词里有be动词时，可以把“连词+主语+be”部分省略。｝
35.____________thetombfor5years,heisnowcalledanexpertmoreorless.【35选B】
A.StudyingB.HavingstudiedC.HavingbeenstudiedD.Tostudy
｛35解析：逗号前面部分不是句子省略而来，由于he与study是逻辑上的主谓关系，加上study在先（有5年了），被叫做“专家”在后，所以用非谓语动词的主动完成式｝
6）“连词+分词”和“介词+动名词”的区别。
36.if_________anotherhour,Iwouldhavefinisheditbetter.(give的恰当形式填空)。
37.While_________homework,theboylikeslisteningtolightmusic.(do的恰当形式填空)
｛6、37解析：36.given是由ifIhadbeengivenanotherhour省略来的，if在省略前省略后都是连词；37.doing是由whiletheboyaredoinghomework省略来的，while在省略前后都是连词｝
38.After__________,hefoundajobasasecretaryinacompany.(graduate的恰当形式填空)
39.Before_________aproperpersontobethenewpresident,theoldpresidentwouldn’tresign.(select的恰当形式填空)
｛38、39解析：38.graduating/graduationafter这时是个介词，所以后面总是用动名词，如果改为afterhegraduated，那么这个after就变成了连词。39题中的before用法与after一样，后面加句子时，是连词，后面只加一个动词时，要用动名词形式，并充当介词。所以39填selecting｝
非谓语动词专练：
1.Whilewatchingtelevision,____________.
A.thedoorbellrangB.weheardthedoorbellring
C.therewassomeoneknockingatthedoorD.weheardthedoorbellrung
2．Chinaisknowngreatlyintermsofitsculturalvaluesoverthepastfewyears.
A．tochange B．havingchanged C．changing D．tohavechanged
3．I’mafraidwe’llhavetoworkextrahours,fortherearestillsomeproblems．
A．remainingtosettle B．remainingtobesettled
C．remainedtotalkabout D．toremaintodiscuss
4.Wetriedhard,andeventually,wewereabletogetMike____ushiscarjustforaday.
A.lendingB.lendC.tolendD.lent
5．Thelocalgovernmentistryingallouttofindoutwhoistheforestfire．
A．toblameforstarting B．toblametostart
C．tobeblamedforstarting D．tobeblamedtostart
6．Therailwaybridge____by2012willprovideafasterroutetotransportgoods．
A．tobecompleted B．iscompleted
C．completed D．beingcompleted
7．AlltheclassexceptEddie,whoisill,____there．
A．wereexpectinggoing B．isexpectedtogo
C．wasexpectinggoing D．areexpectedtogo
8.TheHaitiearthquakeatthebeginningof2010isbelieved_______morethan100,0130peopleandmakesmillionshomeless,______itperhapsthe mostdestroyingearthquakeinhistory.
A.tokill;makingB.tohavekilled;makingC.havingkilled;tomake D.killing;made
9．IonlyknowwewillhaveaLeaguemeeting,butIhavenoideawhen_________it．
A．shallwehave B．willwehave C．tohave D．having
10.—Whatareyoubusywith?
—Theconference ______inourcitynextweek,asyouknow.
A.heldB.willbeheldC.beholdingD.tobeheld
11.AnairFrancejetisreportedintheAtlanticOceanwith228peopleaboard，theairline’sworstdisasterinits75-yearhistory．
A．tohavecrashedB．tohavebeencrashed
C. havingcrashedD．havingbeencrashed
12. Herhusbandandshearenowatworkonanewdictionary______nextyear.
A.topublish B.beingpublished
C.published D.tobepublished
13．The2010WorldExpo_____inShanghaiisexpectedtoattractmorethan70millionvisitorsfromhomeandabroad.
A.tohold B.tobeheld C.held D.tobeholding
14.Whenthetelephonerang,Ihappened______inthekitchen,butwhenIcameovertogetit,itrangoff.
A.tocookB.tohavecooked
C.tobecookingD.havingcooked
15—I'mwonderingwhythevisitorschosetostayw iththehostfamily.
—_____reallocallife.
A.Experiencing B.Experience
C.ToexperienceD.Havingexperienced
16.–Whydoyouwanttheradiosomuch?
--tothenews,sir.
A.Listening B.Listens C.Listened D.Tolisten
17.Thegovernmenthasdoneeverythingitcantheburiedminers.
A.tosaveB.saving C.save D.saved
18.peoplehavefoodandwater,thegovernmenthassentenoughsuppliestoquake-hitYushu.
A.MakesureB.TomakesureC.MakingsureD.Madesure
19．Ourteachersoftentellus,“theharderyoustudy,themorequestionsyouwillthinkof．”
A．asking B．toask C．beingasked D．tobeasked
20.Togreatlyraisepeople’slivingconditions,_______.
A.allkindsofmeasureshavetaken
B.theyhavetakenallkindsofmeasures
C.itissaidthattheyhavetakenallkindsofmeasures
D.Ithinktheyhavetakenallkindsofmeasures
21. ______thegrowingnumberofpatients,theclinichadtoextenditsservicefromfivedaystosevendaysa week.
A.Toaccommodate B.Accommodating
C.Beingaccommodated D.Accommodated
22.Tedandhisfriendsestablishedawebsiteofferingusefulinformationaboutthunderstorms______similaraccidentshappening.
A.prevent B.preventing C.toprevent D.prevented
23. _______moreaboutParticipantServiceofExpo2010,ShanghaiChina,callHotline+86-21-962010.
A.Tofindout B.Findingout
C.FindoutD.Havingfoundout
24.Hehurriedtothehotel,only_________hisgirlfriendhadleft.
A.totell B.tobetold C.telling D.told
25._______60milesaday,youneedyourmountainbikeinaverygoodstate.
A.CoverB.CoveredC.TocoverD.Havingcovered
26．Ourmonitor，itcleartousthathedidn’twanttowastetimeplayingcomputergames—lefttheInternetbarquickly.
A．made B．havingmade C．making D．hadmade
27._______bygreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.
A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven
28．_____thechapterfourtimes,Ifinallyunderstoodtheauthor'stheory．
A．Reading B．Havingread C．Toread D．Read
29.–Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.
–Sorry,withsomuchwork__________mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.
A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled
30.Themanager,______hisfactory’sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.
A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.beingknown
31The82ndOscarsAcademyAwards,________thebestinfilmfor2009,washeldonSunday,March7,2010.
A.tohonor B.honoring C.honored D.havinghonored
32．TheHotelAlArab______thefirstandonly7-starhotelintheworldwasdesignedintheshapeofasailof321meters.
A．wasconsidered B．considering C．beingconsideredD．considered
33．In1888,amajorFrenchnewspaperannouncedthedeathofNobelinanarticle________“Themerchantofdeathisdead”,whichindicatedthatNobelwasonlythoughtofasone_______fromkilling.
A.read;profiting B.read;toprofit
C.reading;profited D.reading;profiting
34.Nowadays,manypeopleabouteatinghabitswhattheybelieve.
A.takechoices;baseonB.makechoices;basedon
C.dochoices;basingonD.havechoices;tobaseon
35.Chinahasapopulationof1.3billion,____itthelargestcountryintheworldbypopulation.
A.making B.made C.makes D.tomake
36．Threetimesinarow,theboxerdecidedtogiveupfighting.
A．Havingdefeated B．Tohavedefeated
C．Havingbeendefeated D．Tohavebeendefeated
37．afteralongwalk，Henrycalledandsaidhecouldn’tcomeforourparty．
A．Havingwornout B．Wearingout
C．Wornout D．Tobewornout
38．Accordingtothereport,peopleintheareasarerebuildingtheirhomesandmanyroadstotheareashavebeenrepaired.
A．flooded;lead B．flooding;leading
C．flooding;tolead D．flooded;leading
39.－Whatareonshowinthemuseum?
－Somepictures____bymiddle-schoolstudents.
A.taking B.havingbeentaken C.taken D.beingtaken
40.Theyplantogoabroadforaholidaywithallthetask_______aheadoftime.
A.tofinishB.finishedC.finishingD.havingfinished
41.______,insomeareastheelectricitywascutoff,______residentsin8countiesspendtheirlunarNewYear’sEveindarkness.
A.Makingmattersworse,making B.Whatwasworse,tomake
C.Worsestill,making D.Tomakemattersworse,tomake
42.Fromtheschoolnameonthepackage,weguessedthatitmightbelongtoastudentofourschool.
A.tomarkB.markingC.markedD.havingbeenmarked
43.Insummer,foodwillgobadif________inroomtemperature.
A．leavingB．leftC．beingleftD．havingleft
44．Oncethiscity,you’llfindthatthereissomuchsurprisewaitingforyoutodiscover．
A．visitingB．visitC．visitedD．tovisit
45．SubwayLine4，intouseinSeptember2009，hasmadetravelinginBeijingeasier．
A．havingbeenputB．puttingC．beingputD．put
46.---Isthereanypossibilityofthefilm____inParisInternationalFestival?
---Notintheleast,becausetheaudiencegenerallythinklittleofit.
A.tryingoutB.triedoutC.totryoutD.beingtriedout
47.Withthreechildrenschool,thecouplehavetoleavetheirhometowninthecountrysideandworkinbigcitiesthroughouttheyear.
A.attending B.toattending C.attended D.beingattended
48.WhenIcamein,IfoundLucy_____ bythewindow______tomusic.
A.seated；listeningB.seated;listened
C.seating；listenedD.seating；listening
49.Youshouldunderstandthemathproblemnow,youhavehadit________threetimes.
A.explaining B.toexplain C.explained D.explain
50．Stellawasdisappointedtofindhernewplanandfellintogreatdepression.
A．putaway B．carriedout C．turneddownD．leftout
非谓语专练习题解析
1B考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。根据watchingtelevision可知，主句的主语为“我们”，并且hear后接不带to的不定式作宾补。故选B。
2D考查不定式的完成时。根据overthepastfewyears可知动作已经完成。故用不定式的完成时。
3B考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我恐怕不得不加班了，因仍有一些问题有待处理。根据句意问题被解决可知选B。
4C考查动词搭配及非谓语动词。此处考查短语getsbtodosth使某人做某事。
5A考查非谓语动词的用法。此处toblame用不定式的主动形式表被动；介词for后用动名词。
6A考查非谓语动词的用法。不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
7D考查非谓语动词及主谓一致的用法。句意：除了Eddie班里的所有学生都期望去那里。
8B。bebelievedtohavedonesth．据信已经做了某事；makingitperhapsthemostdestroyingearthquakeinhistory．为现在分词短语作结果状语。
9．C“wh疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语、表语或者同位语，表示（将来）要做的事情，等于从句：Whenweshall/willhaveit。
10D考查非谓语动词的用法。根据nextweek可知选tobeheld，不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
11.A.此题考查非谓语动词的用法.据报道,一架装有228名乘客的法国飞机坠落在大西洋,是航空75年的历史上最大的灾难.
12D考查不定式作定语。此处tobepublished作定语，修饰anewdictionary，意为：她和她的丈夫正在编写的明年要出版一本新的词典。
13B考查不定式作定语。此处The2010WorldExpotobeheldinShanghai即将在上海举行的世博会。
14C考查不定式的进行时。句意：当电话响的时候，我碰巧正在厨房做饭。根据句意选C。
15C考查不定式作目的状语。原句可改为：thevisitorschosetostaywiththehostfamil ytoexperiencereallocallife.句意：参观者选择和主人住在一起为了体验真正的当地生活。
16D在情景对话中考查不定式作目的状语。原句为：Iwanttheradiosomuchtolistentothenews。此处tolisten作目的状语。
17A考查不定式作状语。此句can后省略了do，原句结构为：Thegovernmenthasdoneeverythingitcandotosavetheburiedminers.
18B考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为确保人们有食物和饮用水，政府已经向玉树震灾区运输足够的供应物资。
19B考查非谓语动词。此题容易错选asking。因为thinkof已经有自己的宾语themorequestions,所以选toask目的状语，意为“想出更多的问题来问”。
20B分析语境可知，为了提高人民生活水平的逻辑主语应为“他们”，因此应用they做主句主语。不定式做目的状语时，其逻辑主语应为主句主语。
21A考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为满足不断增长的病人的要求，诊所不得不把他们的服务由一周五天增加到七天。
22C考查不定式作目的状语。句意：泰德和他的朋友们建立一个提供有关雷雨信息的网站以避免类似事故的发生。根据句意选C。
23A考查不定式作状语。此处不定式tofindout表目的。
24B考查不定式作结果状语。句意：他急匆匆地到达旅馆却意外发现他的女朋友已经离开了。此处不定式作状语表意外的结果。
25C考查不定式作状语。句意：为了每天行60英里，你的山地车需要好的车况。
26B考查非谓语动词的用法。本句可改为：Havingmadeitcleartousthathedidn’twanttowastetimeplayingcomputergames，ourmonitorlefttheInternetbarquickly。先声明然后再离开，故用现在分词的完成时。
27.A考查非谓语动词的用法。此处过去分词短语drivenbygreaterdemandofvegetables作原因状语。
28B考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句意：read动作应发生在understand前，故用现在分词的完成时；I和read之间是主动关系，故用现在分词状语。
29B考查非谓语动词及with的复合结构。此处with+名词+现在分词的结构状语。
30A考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：因为懂得他的工厂生产的产品质量差，经理决定让他的员工进修。此句可改为：Knowinghisfactory’sproductswerepoorinquality,themanagerdecidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining。此处Knowinghisfactory’sproductswerepoorinquality作原因状语。
31B考查非谓语动词的用法。此处The82ndOscarsAcademyAwards与honor之间是主动关系故用现在分词，其可以改写为非限制性定语从句：whichhonoredthebestinfilmfor2009。
32D考查非谓语动词的用法。此处过去分词短语consideredthefirstandonly7-starhotelintheworld作定语，修饰theHotelAlArab。
33D考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空reading作伴随状语；第二空one与profit之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语。
34B考查短语及分词作定语。此处makechoices做出选择，eatinghabits与basedon是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
35A考查非谓语动词的用法。此处现在分词作结果表示自然的结果。句意：中国有13亿人口，致使它成为世界上人口最多的国家。
36C考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：一连三次被打败，那个拳击手决定放弃拳击。根据句意拳击手被打败可知选C。
37C考查非谓语动词的用法。此句相当于Becausehewaswornoutafteralongwalk,Henrycalledandsaidhecouldn’tcomeforourparty．
38D考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空指被洪水袭击的地方，用过去分词表被动；第二空road与lead之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语。
39C考查非谓语动词的用法。答语是省略句，takenbymiddle-schoolstudents为过去分词短语作定语，表示一个被动的、已经完成的动作。
40B此题考查with的复合结构。With+名词+过去分词作状语，“所有的任务被完成”，故用过去分词。
41C考查独立成分及非谓语动词的用法。句意：更糟糕的是，一些地区断了电，致使八个县的居民在黑暗中过除夕。第一空插入语Worsestill；第二空现在分词作结果状语。
42C考查过去分词的用法。句意：根据被刻在包裹上的学校名字，我们推测它可能是我们学校的一名学生的。theschoolname被刻在包裹上，所以用过去分词。
43.B考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在夏天，食物处于室温下会变坏。根据句意食物被放在室温下，故用过去分词。
44A考查非谓语动 词的用法。句意：一旦你拜访这个城市，你会发现有那么多的惊奇在等着你去发现。You与visit之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。
45D考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：2009年9月被付诸使用的第四条地铁使在北京的旅游更容易。SubwayLine4被使用，所以用过去分词。其相当于非限制性一个定语从句whichwasputintouseinSeptember2009。
46D考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：那部电影有可能在巴黎国际电影节上被试播吗？此处thefilm与tryout之间为被动关系。
47A考查with的复合结构。此处with+宾语+现在分词作原因状语。因threechildren与attend之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。
48A考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空过去分词seated作宾补，第二空listeningtomusic作伴随状语。
49C考查非谓语动词的用法。此处考查havesthdone的结构，此处过去分词explained作宾补。
50C考查过去分词作宾补。句意：Stella发现她的新计划被拒绝感到失望。此处考查findsthdone结构。
二 : 高考英语非谓语动词教学案
三 : 初中英语非谓语动词的用法
初中英语非谓语动词的用法一、非谓语动词的种类
非谓语动词，顾名思义，即不能作句子的谓语用的动词，也称动词的非限定形式。主要分为动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词和动名词四种，非谓语动词也有动词的特征，可有自己的状语和宾语。
二、动词不定式（The Infinitive）
动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有加“to”和省to两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语，宾语补足语、状语等成份。
1、动词不定式作主语。
To get an Injectionis a little painful.
To complain too muchisn’t a good thing.
注：（1）不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语用单数形式，还可用it作形式主语而把不定式放于句末，保持句子平衡。如
It takes me two hoursto finish my English homework.
It’s difficultto Learn English Well.
(2)不定式作主语有两种特殊结构，一般认为是由for 或of引导其逻辑主语，如
It’s importantfor us learn a foreign language.
It’s difficultfor us to finish it on time.
It’s kind /good/niceof you to help me.
It’s clever /foolish/polite/careful/carelessof you to do that.
2、动词不定式作表语。
My job isto feed animals.
Our duty isto keep the classroom clean and tidy.
His wish isto become a singer.
3、动词不定式作宾语
He wantsto borrow a book from me.
I hopeto see my pen friend as soon as possible.
Children loveto play games.
I found it difficultto get on with him.(it为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式)
注：不定式有时与疑问句where, how, what, which, when, who 等连用，作动词的宾语。
如：What to do
I don’t know How to do it
Where to go
When to set off
Which one to choose
Who to ask
He gave a talk onhow to study English Well.
4、不定式作定语
Would you like somethingto drink /to read/to eat?
I have a lot of homeworkto do.
I have something importantto tell you.
5、不定式作宾语补足语。分省“to”和加“to”两种。
I told himto do it himself.(加to)
He asked meto buy some oranges for him.（加to）
Ｗe didn’t expect himto be the winner.(加to)
I often saw himgo to the cinema last year.(省to)
Please let the boycome in.（省to）
The boss makes the workerswork ten hours a day.(省to)
注：感观动词（see, watch, notice, hear, feel）和使役动词（have, let , make）后用省to不定式作宾补，但改成被动语态时，不定式前加to，宾语补语相应变成主语补语。
如；The workers are madeto work ten hours a day.
6、作状语
They went to the shopto buy some school things.(目的状语)
My sister to youngto go to school.（结果状语）
三、现在分词（The Present Participle）和过去分词（The Past Participle）
现在分词由动词加“ing”构成（构成方式略）表示主动或正在进行；过去分词由规则动词加“ed”或查不规则动词表，一般表示被动或动作已完成。分词主要起形容词和副词作用，可在句中作表语定语，状语、宾补等成份。
1、作表语
The news isexciting.
The result isamazing
The window isbroken.
The door islocked.
2、作定语
Do you know the young manstanding under the tree?
The womanwearing a red coatis my aunt.
I like to read bookswritten by LuXun.
She asked Grandma to put a bookmark in each of theborrowedbooks.
Then we can see many dinosaursdiscovered by youin the museums.
3、作状语
A lot of land has gone with the trees,leaving only sand.(结果)
They wake up their parents ,calling “Merry Christmas”（伴随）
Given more time,I can finish the work myself.（条件）
4、作宾补
I hear a girlsinging in the next room.
I’ll have my haircuttomorrow.
We had our picturestaken in the middle of the square.
四、动名词（The Gerund）
在形式上，动名词与现在分词无法区别，但现在分词里一个动词性的形容词，而动名词则是一个动词性的名词，它具有名词的绝大多数特征，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补等成份。
1、作主语
Seeingis believing.（眼见为实）
Selling computers to foreign countriesis his job.
Picking applesis much better than having classes.
注：动名词作主语可与表语对调位置；有时也可用it作形式主语，而将动名词放于句末。如：
His job is selling computers to foreign countries.（主语与表语可互换）
It’s no usecomplaining about others.
2、作表语
His job isfeeding animals.
The only thing that I want to do issleeping.
3、作宾语，分为动词宾语与介词宾语两种。
Tom enjoysliving in Beijing.
Have you finishedreading that novel?
Would you mindmy opening the door.
I often practicespeaking English with foreigners.
Thank you forteaching us so well.
What aboutgoing fishing tomorrow?
注：有些动词后加不定式和动名词作宾语有两种截然不同的含义。
如：go on to do sth．（接着做另一件事）
go on doing sth．（继续做同一件事）
forget /remember to do sth．（记住或忘记去做某事，还未做）
forget /remember doing sth．（记住或忘记做过某事，事先已做过）
stop to do sth．（停下来做某事）
stop doing sth．（停止做某事）
4、作定语
a swimming pool 游泳池a sleeping car 卧铺车厢
a reading room阅览室a walking stick 手杖
注：现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的不同之处在于：现在分词相当于一个定语从句的作用，可改成定语从句，而动名词相当于一个名词作定语，说明被修饰词的类别、功能或性质，不可以改成定语从句。
Thesleepingchild=the childwho is sleeping
The womantalking with my fatheris my English teacher.
=The womanwho is talking with my fatheris my English teacher.
附录2：简单又快捷熟记非谓语动词
动词使用原形：
1. Will / Would you please + ( not ) + V(原)….?
2.Why not +V(原)….? = Why don’t you + V(原)
3. had better ( not ) +V(原)
加动词不定式省to:
使役动词或感官动词后加动词不定式省to:
1. let / make / have sb. do…让/使某人做…2. watch/see / hear / notice / feelsb. do …..
注意：在主动语态中省to的不定式在被动语态中要加to
对比：
1.hear / see sb. do…听见 / 看见…做了…
hear / see sb. doing…. 听见 / 看见…正做…
used to do…过去常常做… ,
不是被动语态，而是固定短语
2.be / get/ become used to doing …习惯于做…
被动语态
be used for doing… 被用于做….
be used to do …..被用于做….
动词后面加不定式：
tell sb.(not ) to do…告诉某人（不）做…
ask sb.( not ) to do…叫某人（不） 做…
want to do ..= would like to do … 想做….
3.want sb. to do.. = would like sb to do.. 想要某人做.. .
4.plan to do .. 计划做…
5. begin to do…, start to do…, start packing
6.try to do.. 努力/尽力做… try to learn English well
7. childrenloveto playthis game8. call to do …打电话做…
9. hope to do… ,hope( that) +句子10. be sorry to do…很抱歉做…
11. encourage sb. to do … 鼓励某人做 ….12. help (sb) (to) do…
13. get sb. to do….使某人做某事…14. learn to do….学做….
15. teach sb. to do…. 教某人做…16. decide to do …. 决定做….
17. wish sb. to do ….希望/愿某人做某事18. allow sb. to do…允许某人做….
19. warn sb. not to do… 警告某人不要做… 20. deserve to do.. 注定做…
21. (can’t) afford to do… (不能)负担得起做…22.can’t wait to do…迫不及待做..
23. seem to do …似乎要做…24. be to do … 将要做…
25. refuse to do….拒绝做…..26. agree to do…..同意做…..
27. expect to do….期望做…. 28. expect sb. to do ….期望某人做……
29. set one’s mind to do…. 一心想做某事
30. make up one’s mind to do….下定决心做某事
31. preferto do…… rather thando…..宁愿做…而不做…
32. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花某人多长时间做某事
33. It’s + adj. + (for sb. ) to do …..（对于某人）做某事adj.
34. sb. finds it … to do…..某人发现做某事…..
35. It’s better / best ( for sb.) to do… 较好/最好做….
接动名词：
1. enjoy doing…, enjoy oneself2. finish doing…
3. hate doing… 讨厌做….
4. be good at sth. = do well in sth.
be good at doing …= do well in doing…..
5. what / how about doing…?6. thank sb. for doing….感谢某人做….
7. have fun doing…做…有乐趣8. have problems / difficult doing…做……有困难/问题
9. give up doing….放弃做…10. take part in doing….（积极）参加做….
11. make a contribution to doing….
12. practise doing…13. be worth doing… 值得做…
14. feel like doing…. 想要做….15. be interested in doing…
16. by doing… 通过，以….17. the way of doing….做….的方法
18. keep doing…一直做…19. keep sb. doing…让某人一直做…
keep on doing …反复做….
20. succeed in doing…成功做某事21. be busy doing….
22. spend ….(in) doing…. 花时间/钱做…
23. can’t help doing …. 禁不住 / 情不自禁做某事
24. instead of doing….. 代替做某事
25. prefer doing …. to doing…宁愿做…而不是做… ; 较喜欢做…而不是做….
20. keep / stop / prevent sb. from doing….. 阻止某人做某事
19. mind (sb. / one’s）doing …介意(某人)做….
既可加不定式,又可加动名词,但有区别:
like doing…表示一般情况
like to do..喜欢/愿意做…表示具体谋一次情况
2. remember to do…记得要做…3.forget to do…忘记要做…
remember doing…. 记得做过….forget doing….忘记做过…
4. stop to do…停下来做..(另一件事)stop doing…停止做…..
6. be afraid to do…不敢做…;害怕做…;be afraid of sth.害怕某物
be afraid of doing… 害怕做…
5. go on to do… 继续做另一件事go on doing…. 继续做同一件事
7. need to do….. 需要做…..need doing ……(某物/人) 需要被….
四 : 高中英语非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词作主语
表示经常性，常用动名词作主语，
表示某一次，常用动词不定式作主语，
有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词
Seeing is believe. To see is to believe.
动名词的完成式一般不做主语（动名词表示一个事）
It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having（B为什么不行）
It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.（D为什么不行？）
A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played
________ the homework made his father lose his temper. （但复合结构可以）
A. The boy’s not having done B. The boy not having done
C. The boy’s having not done D. The boy having not done
what在问句中作主语时，常用动名词短语来回答
What made your brother so delighted?
___ for his progress.
A. His teacher praised him B. His being praised by his teacher
C. His teacher having praised him D. He was praised by his teacher
B
非谓语动词作宾语
动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语
有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语
这类及物动词常见的有：
agree (同意) , ask (请、要) , attempt (试图) , afford 付得起agree 同意ask 要求apply 申请care (想要) , choose (决定、要) , decide (决定) , desire (希望) , determine (决心) , help 帮助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (学习) , manage (设法) , offer (愿意) , plan (计划、打算) , pretend (假装) , refuse (拒绝、谢绝) , wish (希望)等等promise 答应want 想要wish 希望
有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语
下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语：
admit 承认advise 建议allow 允许appreciate 感激avoid 避免consider 考虑delay 推迟deny 否认discuss 讨论dislike 不喜欢enjoy 喜爱escape 逃脱excuse 原谅fancy 设想finish 完成forbid 禁止forgive 原谅give up 放弃imagine 想像keep 保持 mention 提及mind 介意miss 没赶上pardon 原谅permit 允许practise 练习prevent 阻止?摇prohibit 禁止put off 推迟report 报告risk 冒险stop 停止suggest 建议understand 理解feel like想做某事
有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别
forget ，remember跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘了以前做的事。跟不定式，还未作
mean to do, 打算作某事；mean doing, 意味着
try to do , 尽力作某事；try doing, 尝试着作某事
want / need/ require doing sth, 表示被动；
regret doing sth. 对做过的某事表示后悔；regret to say, 很抱歉的说
like hate doing, 经常性的，like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次
be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事，used to do 过去经常做某事be used to do被用来做
can’t help doing=can’t help but do 忍不住做某事can’t help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事
stop doing 停止正在做着的某事；stop to do停下来做别的事情
go on doing继续做原来做的事 go on to do接着干别的事情
forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something
except, but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to, 否则要带to
There is nothing to do except ___ till it stops snows. C
A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waits
She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）
非谓语动词作表语
1.表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语
( 表示某一次，如果主语中有do时，不定式省略to)
2. 动名词作表语同进行时的区别
动名词作表语时是说明主语的职责和功能等，和主语是对等关系，没有正在进行之意， 而现在分词有正在进行之意
如：My job is looking after the children. (looking 为动名词)
He is looking after the baby. (looking 为现在分词)
3现在分词和过去分词作表语时相当于-ed形容词和-ing形容词。
-ing 形容词，令人。。。的；-ed形容词，令人感到。。。的，有被动意味。
动词短语
be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事，used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do被用来做
can’t help doing=can’t help but do 忍不住做某事 can’t help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事
stop doing 停止正在做着的某事； stop to do停下来做别的事情
go on doing继续做原来做的事 go on to do接着干别的事情
forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something
非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较
1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语
a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。 动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：
________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 B
b. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
It’s kind of you to help us.
注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：
It’s no good / use doing sth.
It’s useless doing sth.
There is no need to do sth.
2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
a、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：
My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)
Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. （主表语要用同一种形式）
b、分词作表语
记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)， surprising (令人吃惊)， surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)， disappoint (失望)，move （感动），
如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.
c、在seem / appear (似乎，好像)， prove / turn out (被证明是)， remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如： He seemed (to be ) very happy.
Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. (to be seen)
不定式、动名词作宾语的比较
1、只能接不定式的动词：
a.（想要）want, would like, would prefer, ask, demand, intend, desire,
b.(希望) wish, hope, expect,
c.（决定）agree, decide, manage, promise, choose, continue, plan, prepare, make up one’s mind, try one’s best, offer, apply,
d.happen, learn, fail, pretend, refuse, afford
2、只能接动名词的动词：
suggest, advise(建议), finish, mind(介意)，enjoy (喜欢)，appreciate (鉴赏，感激)，forbid禁止），avoid (避免)，can’t help doing (忍不住)，risk (冒险)，feel like (想要)，delay, put off （推迟），give up (放弃)，be busy (忙于)，be worth (值得)，practise (反复练习)，
3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：
remember to do 记得去做， remember doing 记得做过 forget to do 忘记去做， forget doing 忘记做过了, regret to do 遗憾去做，regret doing 后悔做过, try to do 设法去做，try doing 试着做, go on to do 接着做另一件事，go on doing 继续做同一件事,
mean to do 打算做，mean doing 意味着做, stop to do 停下来去做，stop doing 停止做,cant help (to) do 不能帮助做，can’t help doing 忍不住做。
如：In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting A
4、表示未实现的愿望的动词, 即表示本打算、想做，但事实上没做
这些动词 plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, expect , 用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 来表示。Would like / love 只用would like to have done
如：I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone B
5、要接动名词的几个句型
prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing …(阻止…做)
spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在…花费或浪费时间或钱
how about / what about doing
have some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做… 有困难
have a hard / good time in doing 做… 很艰难或做…很愉快
There is no sense / point in doing
6、含介词to 的短语
look forward to 盼望，devote…to 致力于、献身于，be / get used to 习惯于， lead to 导致，get down to 着手做，pay attention to 注意，refer to 谈到，所指，参考，equal to 等于，能胜任，belong to 属于
如：Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ___ some school for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
7、介词but （除了）后接不定式：
如：have no choice but to do sth. 没有别的选择 只好做…
但当but 前有形为动词 do 时，but 后的不定式省to. 如：
Sandy could do nothing but ____ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit A
8．permit / allow (允许)，advise (建议)，forbid (禁止)，有两种用法：一是后接动名词，二是后接“sb. + to do sth”
9、need, want, require 意为“需要”，主语是物时，用句型：
need, want, require + doing （用动词ing 主动形式表被动意义）
to be done
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较
1、不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask sb to do sth (sb作宾语，to do sth作宾补，宾语＋宾补＝复合宾语)
类似动词有：invite, tell, want, encourage, advise, order, requir, foce, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid（禁止）, warn（警告）, remind, teach, call on (号召)，depend on (指望)，would like / love (想要)，prefer, wish, expect, (hope 不带复合宾语) 注：help sb (to) do sth.
2、let / make / have sb do sth. 但使役动词的被动语态常用：be made to do sth.
注：get sb to do sth. 也译成“让某人做…
Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.
A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry
3、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式
感官动词：feel, see, hear, watch, notice
句型：感官动词＋sb + do / doing / done (分别表示全过程、正在发生、被动完成)
1) They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow A
2) The missing boy was last seen ____ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play A
4、with 的复合结构：with +宾+宾补。作宾补的词可以是：形容词、副词（in, out）,介词短语，非谓语形式）。With 的复合结构的宾补中的非谓语形式 to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done表示被动和完成。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied D
5、have 句型：have sb do sth, have sb/ sth doing, have sb /sth done
have sth done 表示两种意义：请别人做，而不是主语做；意外事故引起的。
如：He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch ______.
A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair B
6、find + 宾语 + 宾补（doing / done）, keep +宾+doing, catch sb + doing (撞见某人在做)，smell sb +doing (察觉到某人在做)
He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passager.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting D
7、表示“认为”的 think, believe, consider, judge 等，常用句型：think sb (to be )+ adj. / n. , be considered to have done sth. 被认为已做了某事
8、make oneself understood / heard / known , 即用了过去分词作作宾补
9、句型 It is said / reported / thought / known that…. 可变成：sb / sth be said / reported to have done sth.
如：Robert is said ___ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying A
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较
1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语
a.作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)
b.原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surpried, disappointed. 不定式不放在句首。
如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.
c. 结果：常用 only to do…来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。另外 固定结构：too… to do, enough to do, so / such… as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语。
d.在形容词后作状语，只用不定式 如：
The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.)
We find the lake safe to swim in. (注意尾介词)
2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作目的状语。注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, once（一旦） though, although）
1）_____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given D
2）I won’t attend his wedding _____ .
A. unless invited B. if invited C. unless inviting
三种非谓语形式作定语定语的比较
1、不定式作定语 常表示“用…要做”和“修饰the +序数词”。常用句型：
have / there be… / with +宾语+ to do
分析：以 I have homework to do. 为例：不定式作定语有两种关系：
a.主谓关系：I do homework
b.动宾关系：to do 与 homework 构成动宾关系
注意：以 Jack, do you have some clothes _______?
A. to wash B. to be washed 为例：
分析：（1）动宾关系：wash clothes 成立；（2）主谓关系：You wash clothes成立吗？根据句意，显然不是。这里的洗衣服是说话做，而不是句子的主语you. 所以只能用不定式的被动式，选B。
如：1）He gave me a book to read.
2）There are five pairs ____, but I’m at a loss which to choose.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing B
(根据语境，可知是“有五双可供选择，即从5中选1，而不是选5)
3）There are always people to ____ if you feel like a chat.
A. talk to B. talk C. speak about D. speak A
(to talk 要与people构成动宾关系，要用短语 talk to / with sb)
2、分词作定语：单个的分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词前，而分词短语常放在后面。
（1）They made efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China. (过去分词表被动和完成)
(2) I want to write about people addicted to drugs.
比较：
a sleeping boy (= a boy who is sleeping); a swimming pool (= a pool for swimming)
falling leaves (leaves that are falling); fallen leaves (leaves that have fallen down)
a developing country (发展中国家)；a developed country (发达国家)
3、to be done, being done, done 作定语的区别
这三个都表示被动，就是时间不同。To be done 表将来，being done 表同时进行，done表完成。注意：having been done 也表完成被动，但不用作定语。
2013年非谓语动词高考真题详解
【2013北京】24. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found
2【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处动词find与主语she为主动关系且作原因状语，故用现在分词finding。句意：（由于）她发现该课程很难，她就决定转到低一水平的（课程）。
【2013北京】29. When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked
3【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词作宾补，动词block与see的宾语the road之间为被动关系，构成短语see sb/ sth done。故选D。
【2013福建】22. ______ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known
4【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句谓语为will help，因此所选非谓语动词做主语，故使用动名词，答案选C。
【2013福建】32. Anyone, once _______ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test
5【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。状语从句连词once之后的非谓语动词与主句主语anyone之间为被动关系，故选过去分词。
【2013湖南】25. The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.
A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. have bathed
6【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词bathe与主语the sun之间为主动关系，且表示进行，故选B。
【2013湖南】29. You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.
A. offering B. to offer C. having offered D. offered
7【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。先判断此处需要填非谓语动词作opinion的后置定语；再判断opinion与动词offer间为被动关系，故答案选D。
【2013湖南】30. Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
8【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子，不难判断，该句为祈使句，故用动词原形，答案选A。
【2013湖南】31. ________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay
9【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处考查动词不定式表目的，意为：晚间，我为了保持暖和，我就把柴炉加满。故选C。
【2013江苏】24. Lionel Messi, the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set
10【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先判断该句谓语为is considered，故可知横线部分为非谓语动词，描述主语Lionel Messi。短语set the record与主语之间为主动关系，故选B。
【2013江苏】31.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins, the city took on a new look.
A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced
11【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处是and连接的after之后的并列的动名词形式；且reduce与主语city之间为被动关系，故选C。
【2013江西】34. If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked
12【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。状语从句连词if之后省去了从句的主语，即主句的主语；而主句为祈使句，默认主语为you；主语you与动词ask之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。答案选A。
【2013辽宁】28. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail ______ for her.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting
13【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此题there be句型的主语mail后接后置定语，wait与mail间为主动关系，且wait这个动作正在进行，故选C，现在分词。
【2013山东】25. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.
A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood
14【答案】A解析原创：山东省
【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词standing作bookshelf后置定语，表主动进行。
【2013山东】29. I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
15【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。解
【2013山东】33. ________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating
16【答案】A解析原创：山东省
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：因为以前曾经在自助餐厅吃过，Tina再也不想在那儿吃了。动词eat与主语Tina之间为主动关系，再根据句中before可知需强调eat这个动作发生在主动词之前，可知用现在分词完成体Having eaten表主动完成，作原因状语。
【2013陕西】13. Let those in need that we will go all out to help them.
A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood
17【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词let后接动词原形understand做宾补，表示与宾语those in need之间为主动关系，构成短语let sb do sth。故选B。
【2013陕西】14. The witnesses by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned
18【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处需要一个非谓语动词作witnesses的后置定语；且判断动词question与witnesses间为被动关系；根据非谓语动词短语中标志词just now可知动作question已经完成。故可选A。区别：done作后置定语意为“已被…的”；being done作后置定语意为“正被…的”；to be done作后置定语意为“将被…的”。
【2013四川】8. _______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not
19【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语the girl与非谓语动词know之间为主动关系，故用现在分词；且非谓语动词的否定式应在其前加否定词。据此可知答案为A。此处分词Not knowing在句中作原因状语。
【2013四川】10. The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed
20【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。先判断出此处需要填上一个非谓语动词作the airport的后置定语；根据标志词next year及句意“明年将竣工的机场”可知非谓语动词表示将来动作，故选动词不定式to be done（将被做）；而A项being done“正在被…”；C项“已被”；D项常作状语。
【2013天津】10. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words in daily conversations.
A. using B. to use C. having used D. used
21【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词use在句中作words的后置定语，与其存在被动关系，故使用过去分词used，答案为D。
【2013新课标II卷】5.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington
A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught
22【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意，因为我赶上了7:30的车，所以那天我更早地到了办公室，可知赶车发生在到办公室之前，且与主语I之间为主动关系，故使用现在分词完成体表主动完成。
【2013新课标I卷】22.They might just have a place ______on the writing course一why don't you give it a try?
A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave
23【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语have sth to do。
【2013新课标I卷】35. The sunlight is white and blinding, hard-edged shadows on the ground.
A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown
24【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语sunlight与throw shadows之间为主动关系，故选A。
【2013浙江】7. ______how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
25【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。需辨明句子结构：句子谓语为creates，之前为主语，因此可以判断是非谓语动词作主语，故选动名词做主语。
【2013浙江】19. There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated
26【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。连词when之后为状语从句的省略，非谓语动词treat的逻辑主语即为主句主语health problems，判断它们之间的关系为被动关系，即用过去分词即可。而being done意为“正在被…”；to be done“将被…”。
【2013重庆】30. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, me stories till I fell asleep.
A. having told B. telling C. told D. to tell
27【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词tell与主语my mother为主动关系，故用telling作伴随状语。
【2013重庆】34. The engine just won't start. Something seems wrong with it.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
28【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词seem之后用不定式，排除CD项；to do表将来，to have done表完成，根据句意：引擎发不动。看起来好像出了什么毛病，可知答案为B。
【2013安徽】32. in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded
29【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子主语the school与found之间为被动关系，故此处使用过去分词founded表被动并表完成动作。
【2013福建】32. Anyone, once _______ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test
30【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。状语从句连词once之后的非谓语动词与主句主语anyone之间为被动关系，故选过去分词。
【2013江西】34. If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked
31【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。状语从句连词if之后省去了从句的主语，即主句的主语；而主句为祈使句，默认主语为you；主语you与动词ask之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。答案选A。
【2013浙江】19. There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated
32【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。连词when之后为状语从句的省略，非谓语动词treat的逻辑主语即为主句主语health problems，判断它们之间的关系为被动关系，即用过去分词即可。而being done意为“正在被…”；to be done“将被…”。
五 : 高中英语短文改错特训：非谓语动词类错误
高中英语短文改错特训：非谓语动词类错误
1. A lot of money has been spent to buy the book.
2. You will have to pay the cost of send a postcard.
3. What he did was puzzled.
4. I will spend a week reading and prepare for the examination.
5. Charles and Linda do all of these things as well as climbed buildings.
6. Yesterday I had my bad tooth pulling out.
7. I heard her singing a song which moved me to tears.
8. I made a terrible mistake. I regretted not to take your advice.
9. When we reached the top of the mountain, we stopped having a rest before we went down the mountain.
10. There’ll be a good film tonight, remember seeing it on time!
11. The game was over, she went home.
12. When speaking, you must make yourself hear.
13. She pretended not seeing me when I came in.
14. Abraham Lincoln was considered being one of the greatest of all American presidents.
15. Following by the officers, the general inspected the army.
16. There is something wrong with my computer, and it needs repaired.
17. Don’t burn the falling leaves on the ground.
18. Losing in thought, he almost ran into a car in front of him.
19. I enjoy to listen to the classic music.
20. Judge by what he wears, he is a farmer.
【答案与解析】
1. to buy改为buying。(www.61k.com］
2. send改为sending。介词of后要求用动名词作宾语。
3. puzzled改为puzzling。puzzling表示“令人疑惑不解的”意思。
4. prepare改为preparing。preparing和前面的 reading是并列结构。
5. climbed改为climbing。as well as是介词短语，后面接动名词或名词。
6. pulling改为pulled。have the tooth pulled out表示“请人拔牙”的意思。
7. singing改为sing。从后面可以看出来，“我”听完了整首歌曲，强调动作的全过程，用不定式作宾补。
8. to take改为taking。用动名词表示对已发生过的事情的后悔。
9. having改为to have。stop的目的是have a rest。
10. seeing改为to see。还未看电影。
11. was改为being。独立主格结构。
12. hear改为heard。make oneself heard意为“使别人听到自己的话”。
13. seeing改为to see。pretend后面要求接不定式作宾语。
14. being改为to be。consider后用不定式作宾补。
15. following改为followed。过去分词表被动。
16. repaired 改为repairing。动名词主动形式，表被动意义。
17. falling改为fallen。过去分词作定语，强调动作的完成。
18. losing改为lost。be lost in thought 表示“陷入深思”。
19. to listen改为listening。enjoy后面用动名词作宾语。
20. Judge改为Judging。Judging by…为一固定说法。
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