21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册答案-21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后

发布时间：2018-03-04 所属栏目：日本文化

一 : 21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后

21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后答案

第一单元

Text Comprehension

II．

1. It was a military campaign in which many soldiers died. The effects on Churchill were () he lost his political position and he was overwhelmed with grief.

2. He felt so inspired to paint that he was distracted from his personal problems.

3. His sister-in-law’s painting inspired him to try his hand at it; his wife rushed out to buy all the materials he would need; and the wife of Sir John Lavery helped him overcome his fear of the blank canvas.

4. The blank whiteness of the canvas made him feel he didn’t know where to begin. This nervousness was not typical of Churchill, who was known publicly as a brave and strong-willed person.

5. Churchill was comparing the canvas to an opponent in a fight, and he could now see that he need not fear his “adversary”.

6. He meant that Churchill would have been a great painter, just as he was a great politician.

7. It was his great comfort when the death of his mother was followed quickly by the death of his daughter.

8. Because the judges suspected that it was not painted by an amateur; they were later surprised and delighted because Churchill was not just a famous political figure but also a talented untrained artist.

9. No, she considers that decade an artistically fruitful one.

10. He meant that painting was like a friend who never betrayed or abandoned him. This seems to suggest that he often felt lonely, misunderstood and/or disappointed in his relationship with other people.

Vocabulary

III.

1.artistic 2.overcome 3.infinite 4.plunged 5.mission 6.camgpain 7.revived

8.distract 9.accustomed 10.retreat 11.precaution 12. disastrous

IV.

1. delighted with 2. bore fruit 3. kept Clementine company 4. rely on

5. take refuge 6. awaken people to 7. pay the price 8. chanced upon; dated from 9. tried his hand at 10. fell upon; came to her rescue

Word Building

1. broadens the mind 2. weakened 3. sweeten Diet Coke 4.hardens 5. strengthen 6. deepen your understanding of the course materiall

7. sharpen the kitchen knives 8. reddened 9. brighten; quickens

10. lightened

VI.

1. lucky 2. wealthy 3. tasty 4. icy 5. wavy 6. smelly 7. sleepy 8. noisy (smelly is also plausible) 9. healthy 10. sunny

Structure

VII.

1. Amazed at the great changes that are taking place in shanghai, many foreign visitors leave China with a completely new view of our country.

2. Unpleasantly startled by the appearance of a mouse, we promptly decided to clean our apartment.

3. Tired of their own cooking, they’ve decided to go to a restaurant for a change.

4. Frightened by the horror film, the little girl was alert to every sound in the house that night.

5. Deeply disappointed with the actress’s performance, tom soon switched to another channel.

6. Embarrassed about still being in bed at 10 a.m., when my friends came I pretended to be sick with a terrible headache.

VIII.

1. So I did 2. So did my brother 3. So she was 4. So they do; so do his classmates 5. So am I

Cloze

lonely; overcame; refuge; finally; however; where; delighted; contemplated; entry; campaign; distract; plunged into; Within a month; rescue; when; overwhelming

Translation

“‘在画画呢!’她大声说道。‘多么有趣。可你还在等什么呢? 把画笔给我---大的那支。’她猛地用笔蘸起颜料，还没等我缓过神来，她已经挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色。谁都看得出画布无法回击。我不再迟疑。我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕过画布。”

1. When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties, the 72-year-old retired

professor was overwhelmed by grief. Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on.

2. Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in London. Many people went to see it, including a few celebrated professors.

3. When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s, it plunged the whole world into shock and grief.

4. After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty.

5. After his failure in the election campaign, Dr. Smith retired to a small village, where he tried his hand at farming.

6. As long as you keep working hard all your life, you will recall your past with a glow of satisfaction.

7. We must awaken people to the importance of environmental protection now, or it will soon be too late.

8. That official was removed from office for being involved in a political scandal. Had he known this would happen, he might have acted differently.

Reading Analysis

XII.

Major Event:

Life and love and hope slowly revived.

How did the change happen?

(1)Churchill bought a new house.

(2) Another child was born to Churchill.

Structured Writing

XIII. One example, for reference

My sister Stephanie began her love affair with television in the second grade amid highly emotional circumstances. She had had a quarrel with her best

friend, and found herself alone and lonely every day after school with nothing to do. That’s when the miracle of television came toText

第二单元

Comprehension

II．

a 1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6 F 7T

b. 1I 2I 3 I 4N 5I 6N 7I 8N

Vocabulary

III.

1.label 2.converged 3.sacrifices 4.motivate 5.transplanted 6.horrified 7.bond

8.constitute 9.surged 10.prejudice 11.resents

12. recommendations

IV.

NB. these are not the only possible synoms/definitions/translations.

1. carried out; conducted, performed

2. led to; resulted in, caused

3. springs from; arises from, comes from

4. get ahead; make progress in life, achieve more, etc.

5. showed up; appeared, arrived

6. make up; constitute, comprise

7. owes it to; 归功于

8. cope with; find a way of dealing with, manage

9. divided the cake into; 把蛋糕分成……

10. excluded from; 被剥夺了

11. committed to; devoted to, dedicated to

12. make it to; arrive at or on after much effort

1. sense of guilt 2. finally 3. imbued her with 4.offspring

5. horrified, motivated me 6. recommendations, To start with 7. naive

8. by contrast

Word Building

VI.

1. misplaced 2. mismatched 3. misusing 4. mislead

5. misprinted 6. misinformed 7. misspelled 8. misunderstood

Structure

VII.

1. After the earthquake the government spent millions of dollars to help the victims rebuild their houses.

2. ill you reconsider your decision? No one wants you to leave.

3. Some of Lu Xun’s writings were lost for decades, but they were rediscovered in the mid-80s.

4. I see no need to restate the policy on late homework.

5. The library’s been rearranged, and I can’t find any of the books I need.

6. I hope this dictionary will be reprinted soon—I’d like to buy one.

7. Stevie Wonder’s earliest albums have been unavailable for several years, but they’re being re-released next month.

8. I didn’t care much for the book the first time, but I enjoyed it when I reread it.

9. John Harding is best known for reinterpreting Shakespeare’s plays.

10. You’ve misunderstood me—let me rephrase what I said.

VIII.

A. gardener calculator receiver container commander remainder hike inspector steamer processor supervise builder contributor consumer paint teenager

B. 1.superviser 2. inspector 3. remainder 4. processor 5. gardener

6. calculator 7. commander 8. container 9. hiking 10. teenagers

Structure

1. It was for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood that we organized this volunteer group.

2. It is only when we look back that we realize how far we have come.

3. It is his secretary who does all the work.

4. It is through the act of giving that we experience our fullest strength and power.

5. It was gold that led them to undertake the long and risky journey to California.

6. As I recall, it was you who suggested this idea in the first place.

7. It wasn’t until last week that they finished their report on the project.

8. It’s her beautiful eyes that I can’t forget.

1. The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, whereas the blue whale weighs up to 130, 000 kg.

2.The word ‘youngster’ has a cheerful connotation, whereas ‘offspring’ sounds rather clinical.

3. Confucianism emphasizes family ties, whereas Protestantism teaches individual responsibility.

4.The earliest mammals appeared on the earth hundred millions years ago, whereas the first evidence of humans dates from only about one million year ago.

5. The aim of the natural science is to predict and control natural process, whereas the aim of the social science is to understand human behavior.

6. He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.

Translation

XI.

儒教也为亚洲人的成功提供了另一个要素。在孔夫子的哲学中，家庭起着最重要的作用----这种定向引导人们为家庭的荣誉而学习工作，而不仅仅是为了他们自己。一个人永远无法报答他的父母，而且在亚洲人中间还有一种责任感、乃至负罪感，这是一种如同新教哲学在西方一样的强大力量。

XII.

9. Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class is made up of males only.

10. American children can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to work on their homework during most their after-school time.

11. His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge success. He said he owed all this to his parents’ encouragement.

12. He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future.

13. The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device has to be readjusted.

14. As one of the many Asian students who have surged into the best

American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on traditional Chinese philosophy.

15. To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr. Young work so hard. He is committed to educating the young and tires to motivate them to get ahead in life.

16. As time was running out, we drove even faster in the hope that we could make it to the airport in time.

Cloze

XIII

1. immigrant 2. than 3. obligation 4. motivated 5. widespread

6. however 7. although 8. discrimination 9. but/although 10. One day

11. guilty 12. horrified 13. repay 14. owe

Reading Analysis

XII.

Stevenson offered three recommendations:

To start with, we need higher standards for our kids second, American parents need to become more committed to their children’s education. And third, our school could be reorganized in simple but effective ways.

Structured Writing

XIII. One example, for reference

Students at our university admire their English teachers for three main reasons. To start with, the teachers’ hard work and dedication are highly inspiring to us. Second, the wonderfully creative lessons they prepare strongly motivate us to study as hard as we should. And third, our teachers’ warmly human characters create bonds of friendship that will last forever.

第三单元

Text comprehension

II.

1. The author is talking about cultural differences: different ways of doing

things in different cultures; different attitudes, traditions, beliefs, etc. she or he says neither side can understand because people are not usually conscious of their deepest cultural attitudes.

2. The American company George worked for started a joint venture with a Japanese firm, and they needed someone to train the Japanese engineers. George was the most highly qualified employee for the position, and he accepted a two-year contract for temporary transfer to Japan.

3. The Japanese liked George’s nonassertive nature, his expertise and his

willingness to help; it’s also implied that they liked his efforts to learn Japanese, and that the secretaries liked the fact that he was single. These qualities

contributed to his becoming a cultural translator by making the Japanese trust him, feel comfortable with him, and grow accustomed to asking him for all kinds of advice.

4. He had to ‘reinvent’ himself because his expertise as an engineer was no longer needed, but he didn’t want to leave Japan. The company accepted his ‘reinvention’ because they had heard lots of horror stories about cultural conflicts and recognized the value of having someone like George around.

5. The author means that the misunderstandings were not always merely linguistic.

that in American business relations, profit and efficiency are considered more important than sentiment, and that Americans expect logical explanations for decisions, expenditures, etc.

7. Because the words and actions of the American visitors could be

misinterpreted by the Japanese: things that could seem crazy or rude to the Japanese are normal to Americans.

8. Because the author believes that language problems are not a serious barrier, compared with cultural differences.

Vocabulary

III.

1. surpassed 2. approved 3. ensure 4. thriving 5.escalated

6. qualified 7. represent 8. apparent 9. justify 10. conflicts

IV.

1. go along with 2. from the farmers’ viewpoint 3. multitudes of

4. run into 5. come to an end 6. picked up 7. at times

8. gotten into the habit of 9. smooth over 10. the other way around V.

1. due to 2. thanks to 3. Due to 4. Thanks to 5. due to 6. Thanks to

Word Building

VI.

Interchangeable: that can be used in place of each other

Interface: a place or area where different things meet and have an effect on each other

Intercontinental: between continents

Intersection: a joint where two roads or lines cross

Interdisciplinary: involving two or more disciplines

Interview: an occasion when a person is asked questions by one or more other people

1. intercontinental 2. interface 3. intersection 4. interchangeable

5. interview 6. interdisciplinary

VII.

1. Almost everyone would like to have more money for nonessential goods and services just because they make life a little more pleasant.

2 Mr. Peterson is the chairman of nonprofit charity organization.

3. Hostility towards outsiders is characteristic of both humans and

non-humans.

4. Although I’m a nonsmoker, I don’t support discrimination against smokers.

5. It would be nonsense to say that all Asian societies are the same.

6. There’s a difference between using words in a nonstandard way and using them incorrectly.

Cloze

VIII.

1. among 2. conflicts 3. made 4. understanding 5. since

6. conscious of 7. so 8. run into 9. with 10. crazy 11. that is

12. since 13. That’s is 14. escalating 15. parties

Translation

IX.

从一开始，乔治就被所有的日本雇员欣然接受。日方经理通常不信任任何被派去代表美方业主的人，但乔治生性随和，没有人把他看作是对自己职业的一种威胁。所以他们喜欢就广泛的各类问题征求他的意见，包括大洋彼岸他们的合作伙伴的

古怪行为。公司上下的工程师们都珍视乔治的专业知识和他友好而技能熟练的帮助，他们已养成了一有问题----任何问题，就找他帮忙的习惯。办公室里的秘书们都热衷于帮助这个讨人喜欢的单身汉学习日语。

1. When this temporary job came to an end, George was offered a permanent job, which he accepted at once.

2. To ensure that their ventures in Japan are profitable, the American

companies need cultural translators even more than language translators.

3. As a cultural translator, George was eager to help the Japanese employees who came to ask his advice on a great many matters, both within and outside of his field of expertise.

4. Somehow or other, George persuaded the American manager to go along with the Japanese accountant’s decision, thus smoothing over the conflict between the two.

5. Conflicts and arguments do arise at times between the American managers and their Japanese counterparts. But since both parties have the good sense to compromise, these conflicts are prevented from escalating into big emotional battles.

6. All the Japanese employees, the personnel manager included, appreciated George’s frequent help with the multitude of problems they run into.

7. My spoken Japanese is not good enough to express myself well. Please don’t get offended if I sometimes say stupid things.

8. with a solid understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and a good mastery of English, dr. Zhang is highly qualified to train foreign doctors who came to China to study Chinese medicine.

Reading analysis

XI.

General observation: at times something far more important than good English was needed.

Illustration 1: one such case was when the Japanese accountant had to explain the $ 46,534 spent of 874 December- holiday presents.

Illustration 2: or there was the time when the Japanese personnel manager had to justify keeping a chemist on the payroll even though the company no longer needed his expertise.

Structured writing

XII. One example, for reference

When foreign visitors come to China for the first time they often run into

embarrassing situations. One such case was when some British tourists tried to pay for what they bought at a street market with their credit cards. Or there was the time when they went shopping in small shops without bargaining at all. 第四单元

Text comprehension

II.

1. Vicky didn't know how to cope with rejection or failure because everything had always gone so well for her.

2. She now realizes she was simply not suited for that job, and has another in which she is happy and successful.

3. Two-valued orientation makes us see success and failure as the only two possibilities.

4. That “success” in one area is frequently accompanied by failure in another.

5. Success that’s too early can mean a person lacks preparation for other

things in life; success that comes too easily can mean the person will not know how to deal with real challenges; and success that's achieved at the cost of the

total quality of an experience can be a barrier to enjoying life fully and to trying anything new.

6. Lowering standards, shifting blame, offering a consolation prize and saying “it doesn't matter” are “failure prevention devices” that leave the child unequipped for life in the real world.

7. She learned something from her failure that's been valuable to her in her life ever since.

8. Success encourages repetition of old behavior, whereas failure can motivate us to try something different.

9. “Noble failure” is when a person aims high, tries their best, fails and moves bravely on.

10. Emerson means that fear of failure is a barrier to progress and

achievement. You might say it this way: experiencing failure can make a person more confident and effective, because once s/he loses her/his fear of failure s/he can concentrate on achieving her/his aims.

Vocabulary

III.

1. afford 2. preclude 3. emphasis 4. prone 5. applied

6. distinguished 7. obsessed 8. alike 9. enquire 10. impulse

11. practically 12. prompted

IV.

1. We put in a request for a little extra time to finish the project, but the board turned us (or it) down.

2. The politician enjoyed a successful career at the cost of his relationship with his family.

3. The author is of the opinion that early success may eventually prove harmful to a person’s all -round development in the long run.

4. I took your umbrella by accident—I’m sorry.

5. The bookshop was on the brink of failure until they branched out into CDs and cassettes.

6. With this out-of-date equipment, you can’t count on good results.

7. Students sometimes get in the habit of disrupting classes with annoying comments. In such cases, teachers are advised to send to the school psychologist.

8. Ever since she started her own business, she’s been much more satisfied with her life.

Word building

A. a. departure b. exposure c. pleasure d. pressure e. composure f. enclosure g. displeasure h. disclosure

B. 1. exposure 2. displeasure (or pleasure, if someone thinks that’s funny!)

3. departure 4. disclosure; pressure 5. enclosure

VI.

A. 1. d 2. a 3. f 4. g 5. h 6. b 7. c 8. e

B. 1. feedback 2. breakup 3. takeoff 4. setbacks 5. breakthrough 6. build-up Structure

VII.

1. a) their laughter and conversation sound as if they’re enjoying each others’ company.

b) Their laughter and conversation sound as if they were in the same room with us.

2. a) the secretary has been working in her office late every night this week, as if her boss is under serious deadline.

b) The secretary has been staying in her office late every night this week, as if she had no home to go to.

3. a) you’re so pale! You look as if you’re getting sick.

b) You’re so pale! You look as if you had seen a ghost.

4. a) he acts as if he has a very high opinion of himself.

b) He acts as if he were the heir to the throne.

Cloze

VIII.

1 prone 2 in the long run 3 preclude 4 obsessed 5 though 6 distinguishing 7 positive 8 beneficial 9 Even if 10 therapy

Translation

IX.

成功鼓励人们重复过去的行为，因而远不及失败这个老师来得好。你可以从一次极糟的晚会中学会如何举办一次成功的晚会，从第一次不当的选房中学到下次选

房时要注意些什么。即使一次看似彻底的失败也能激发新的思路，引起方向的改变。

X．

1. Protecting children from the knowledge that they have failed is anything but beneficial to their growth and development.

2. Emerson does not think there is a world of difference between success and failure.

3. A mature person is one who is good at turning failure into success.

4. She was so obsessed with becoming a success in ice skating that she never prepared herself for challenges of the real world.

5. He suffered a complete nervous breakdown when he learned that his company had gone bankrupt.

6. When talking about his success, Mr. Smith is very prone to exaggeration.

7. The company started by selling radios but now has branched out into selling computers as well.

8. In fact, failure is nothing to be afraid of. Once we learn how to use it, it can make a positive contribution to our growth and development.

Reading analysis

XI.

Presentation of one point of view: people are generally prone to what language expert S. I. Hayakawa calls ‘the two-valued orientation.’ We talk about seeing both sides of a question as if every question had only two sides. We assume that everyone is either a success of a failure.

Presentation of a contrasting view: in fact, infinite degrees of both are possible. Support for the contrasting view: as Hayakawa points out, there’s a world of difference between ‘I have failed three times’ and ‘I am a failure.’ Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be reasonably applied to a complex, living, changing human being. They can only describe the situation at a particular time and place.

Structured writing

XII. one example, for reference:

People are generally to the belief that a silent room is the best place to study. We act as if quiet surroundings were crucial to concentration. But in fact, noisy rooms can be more educational than quiet ones. When I study in my dorm room, for example, the constant noise my roommates make actually helps me think.

第五单元

Text comprehension

II.

A. 1. f 2. t 3. f 4. t 5. f 6. f 7. t 8. t 9. f 10. f

B. 1. N 2. N 3. I 4. I 5. N 6. I

Vocabulary

III.

1. sponsor 2. determination 3. claim 4. prospective 5. minimum 6. ultimately 7. eligible 8. employment 9. setting 10. loans

11. exhibit 12. priority

IV. The exact translations, definitions and synonyms may, of course, vary somewhat, but here are some answers for reference.

1. come up with; translation:筹划

2. take some time off; definition: arrange for a break/ a vacation/ some free time

3. throws herself into; definition: participates very enthusiastically,

wholeheartedly, etc. in

4. get by; synonym: make ends meet, manage to survive

5. on his own; synonym: independent adjust to; synonym: get used to

6. tired of; translation: 厌倦了

7. stay up; translation: 熬夜

8. ended up; definition: finally and unexpectedly (won)

9. as of; synonym: starting from

10. get put down; definition: run into setbacks, barriers, etc.

1. gets off (work) 2. couldn't take it 3. dependents 4. postpone

5. make your dream come true 6. alongside 7. look back on

8. end up with a cold

Word building

VI.

1. I missed the train this morning because I overslept again.

2. don't pay any attention to his crazy stories- he just has an overactive imagination.

3. the company ended up with 20, 000 unsold copies of the book because their sales director overestimated the demand.

4. as a result of the crowds of people coming from the surrounding countryside looking for work, the city has become overpopulated.

5. I’ve been overeating lately and have decided to go on a diet.

6. Most teenagers agree that their parents are overprotective.

7. I didn't mean anything unkind. Jane’s simply being oversensitive.

8. A cliché is an expression that’s become uninteresting because it’s overused. VII.

1. novelist 2. nationalist 3. activist 4. idealist 5. psychologist

6. economist 7. terrorists 8. Sociologist 9. typist 10. marxist

VIII.

A. affection calculation collection combination introduction declaration election invitation interruption plantation projection sensation donate negotiate generate organize

B. 1. negotiate 2. sensation 3. projection/calculation 4. combination 5. donate 6. affection 7. calculation 8. generate

Structure

IX.

1. If only you could say longer in Britain- your English might improve.

2. children may enter the club only if they are accompanied by adults.

3. if only you told me you had a spare ticket for the show.

4. you can go to the sky-diving exhibition only if you promise you won’t try if yourself.

5. the students at this university are allowed to take up part-time employment only if it doesn’t interfere with their studies.

6. If only she hadn’t told my mother, everything would have been all right. X.

1. having traveled a lot, he knows a great deal about other culture.

2. having finished all her housework, she decided to see what was on TV.

3. having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay in a hotel.

4. having forgotten his telephone number, she didn’t know how to get in touch with him.

5. having cleaned the windows, he started to mop the floor.

6. having taken the medicine you gave me, I feel much better.

XI.

1. Seeing so many people around her living in poverty

2. Bringing up the subject at the meeting

3. Looking back on the past

4. Staying up late studying before an examination

5. Working full-time and being a full-time student

6. Living at home rent-free

Translation

XII．

要做到工作学习两不误很困难。“我要一直熬夜学习，每天一大早又要去上班。我上课时很难集中思想，上班时也很难受，因为我实在太累了，”她说。不过她第一学期最后还是得了两个A。

XIII.

1. The university offered Priscilla only a small loan and she had to come up with the rest of the money herself.

2. With small income from her restaurant job, marry could barely make (both) ends meet. That’s why she found some cleaning work to do in the apartment building where she lived.

3. During her first semesters, she often stayed up late studying because she knew she had to get the highest GPA in her class to qualify the scholarship.

4. Anyone who wants to find employment in/ with that company must have at least a master’s degree; if not a Ph. D. otherwise he or she will not be accepted.

5. Only if you completely throw yourself into your studies will you ultimately achieve your long-term goal of becoming an archaeologist.

6. In the office Beth always looked happy and had a ready smile. But deep down, she was tired of being a secretary. She wanted to do something more creative.

7. A migrant farm laborer from Mexico, my father was overjoyed when I was accepted by the University of Washington and became the first person in my family to attend college.

8. When Priscilla looked back on her years of hard struggle, she said that it was no easy job to balance work and study.

Cloze

XIV.

1. knowing 2. out 3. inquired 4. stunned 5. priority 6. stunning

7. available 8. As 9. up 10. make 11. on 12. get 13. ultimately 14. first 15. assume

Reading analysis

Cause 1: Priscilla soon found that her restaurant job just didn’t pay enough for her to mand ends meet.

Effect 1: so I went the landlord of my apartment building and asked if there was any cleaning work I could do.

Cause 2: since he felt sorry for me.

Effect 2: he agreed to give me thirty hours a month.

What markers and structures does the author use to organize the

cause-and-effect descriptions? The markers are: hearing this, so, since. Structured writing

XV. One example

Some working students end up earning/making more money than their

teachers. Knowing this, they feel/are more sympathetic. Priscilla says, “Since I can afford better food and clothes than my teachers (can), I make special efforts to be cooperative in class.”

第六单元

Text comprehension

II.

1. Because he is a star in the sense of a celebrity and in the sense that his expertise is related to astronomy.

2. He is paralyzed except for a few muscles, and he has lost his ability to use his voice.

3. These are examples of the family’s eccentricity.

4. He means that he regards Galileo as the first scientist to closely observe the world and to base his ideas about science on observation.

5. He was very gifted without having to work hard, and he hung around with an ‘elite group’ of intelligent students.

6. It seems to be meant as an example of his quick and insightful mind- but to me it sounds as if hawking just happened to know the answer to this particular ‘puzzle’ (so do I, now!)

7. His physical awkwardness, his messy uniform and his speech impediments.

8. It’s an example of Hawking’s eccentricity.

9. He gained appreciation for and interest in life.

10. They mean that it showed how determination and ambition can help people overcome seemingly impossible obstacles (i.e. Hawking’s severe disabilities).

11. it helped him focus on his real gift: theoretical research.

12. he means that civilization has evolved to the point that having physical disabilities like his doesn’t mean a person can’t make a meaningful

contribution to society.

Vocabulary

III.

1. insight 2. obstacles 3. paralyzed 4. poses 5. proclaimed

6. predicted 7. Initially 8. eccentric 9. gap 10 inherit

IV.

Slight variations in the exact wording are possible, but the general idea for each revision is :

1. Hawking has been proclaimed a genius and Einstein’s heir.

2. His father was a doctor specializing in tropical diseases.

3. Ancient astronomers maintained that the earth was the center of the solar system.

4. Hawking was part of an elite group of bright students who listened to classical music.

5. He acknowledges that his disease was a crucial factor in focusing his attention on theoretical research.

1. Big industries that are responsible for a lot of pollution pay special taxes that finance environmental clean-up projects.

2. We bought these chairs only last year and they are falling apart already.

3. Each of us has to work out the problems posed by life in our own way.

4. Haven’t your parents ever said anything about your hanging around with such eccentric friends?

5. Just as Jane put the glass on the table, the cat jumped up and knocked it off.

6. Fascinated by the stars and planets, the boy dreamed of becoming a professional astronomer someday.

7. Many educators say that an ability to perform well on tests has nothing to do with true intelligence.

8. Alfred was at once a great philosopher and a talented musician.

9. Plenty of people who have trouble in school when young later turn out to be creative genius.

10. Of course you have trouble learning if you never bother to look up new words in the dictionary.

Word building

VI.

1. anthropology 人类学 2. archaeologist 考古学家 3. astronomer 天文学家 4. biological 生物学的 5. chemistry 化学 6. chemist 化学家7. cosmology 宇宙学 8. cosmologist 宇宙学家 9. mathematical 数学的 10. mathematician 数学家 11. philosophical 哲学的 12. philosopher 哲学家 13. psychology 心理学

14. psychological 心理学的 15. sociological 社会学的 16. sociologist 社会学的

VII.

1. telegram 2. television 3. communication over long distances

4. treat a patient a long distance away; provide medical treatment from a distance 5. information in the form of text

Structure

VIII.

1. Originally located in London, the museum was moved to Hertfordshire in 1946.

2. Asked what his plan was for the coming year, the manager promised to further develop the domestic market.

3. Composed in 1878, this symphony is based on a classical Chinese love story.

4. Designed for visitors to touch or play with, many modern museum exhibits are at once entertaining and educational.

5. Aided by technology, science helps mankind to gain increasing control over the environment.

IX.

1. A star scientist in more ways than one, Steven Hawking has achieved far more than most people ever dream of.

2. An Italian mathematician and astronomer, Galileo was the first scientist to start using his eyes, both literally and figuratively.

3. A figure of classroom fun, hawking spoke with a slight lisp inherited from father.

4. A group of some forty students, the Poetry Society holds regular meetings where the members recite their poems.

5. A fascinating combination of ancient and modern China, Beijing attracts huge numbers of tourists from around the world every year.

Translation

他被称为“活着的最有才华的人”，“20世纪后期最伟大的天才”，以及“爱因斯坦的继承人”。因《时间简史》一书而闻名遐迩为众人所知的斯蒂芬霍金是一个多重意义上的明星科学家。霍金擅长于用一种为非科学家所喜爱的文体揭示宇宙的奥秘，这种天赋使他声誉鹊起，也使他的书在英国和美国都成了畅销书。该书因在《星期日泰晤士报》十大畅销书名单上持续了184周，并在全世界销售了500多万册而在《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》上赢得了一席之地——对一本科学书籍来说，这简直是前所未闻的成功。

XI.

1. Stephen Hawking, a British scientist specializing in theoretical cosmology has been proclaimed the greatest genius of the late 20th century.

2. Every time he releases a new record, the singer dreams of its/ it earning a place in the ‘top-ten’ list one the radio.

3. Located to the northwest of London, Oxford University is well known/ noted far and wide for its academic excellence.

4. An intellectual giant, Einstein was responsible for modern man’s new concept of time and space.

5. This medical research is aimed at finding new treatments for inherited blood diseases, because the drugs now in use cannot cure these complicated diseases.

6. This year is the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of our university.

A private school initially, it has now become a world-famous university specializing in theoretical research.

7. Two years ago, bob was feeling bored with his job as a restaurant manager. Luckily he won a scholarship to the state university.

8. Asked what kind of student Stephen was at college, Prof. white, the then Chair of the Physics department, recalls: “ He impressed me as a very bright student with an instinctive insight into physics.”

Cloze

XII.

1. Accompanying 2. Behind 3. device 4. pose 5. awkward 6. remaining 7. out 8. into 9. by 10. ___ 11. govern 12. in 13. ___ 14. as if 15. ultimate 16. At last Reading analysis

XIII.

Example 1: one of Hawking’s science teachers, for example, recalls the time he posed the question: “Does a cup of hot tea reach a drinkable temperature more quickly if you put the milk in first, or add the milk after pouring?” while the rest of the class struggled over how to even begin approaching the problem, hawking almost instantly announced the correct answer: “Add the milk after pouring, of course.” (The hotter the tea initially, the faster it will cool.)

Example 2: another teacher relates how hawking and his friends built a simple computer—and this was in 1958, a time when only large research centers had any computers at all.

Structured writing

XIV. One example, for reference

Some famous geniuses had very surprising beliefs. Thomas Edison, for example, was sure that magic creatures lived in his garden, and he never traveled on the 13th because he was afraid it would be bad luck. Another example is Charles Darwin, who claimed ghosts visited him every Sunday

【Unit7】

l 他在尝试制订促进思考艺术的新计划时脑子里闪过了一个绝妙的主意。A brilliant idea flashed into his mind while he was trying to formulate a new plan to promote the art of thinking.

l 不管你怎么看他，都没有理由怀疑他是蓄意造成这一骇人故事的。Regardless of what you may think of him there is no reason to suspect him of bringing about this horrible accident deliberately.

l 他转过身来正好看见玛丽在聚会中途悄悄离去，因而感到非常不安。He turned round just in time to catch Mary sneaking off in the middle of the party which greatly disturbed him.

l 他那些尖刻的话使我想起了他对足球教练的强烈不满。其实它们纯粹是来自偏见，并使他自己为大部分队友所疏远。His sharp words reminded me of the

strong resentment he feels toward his soccer coach. Actually they come from pure prejudice and most of his teammates shun him for it.

l 现在整个书房归乔治独用了，他准备把沙发搬出去以腾出地方来放他的新书桌。Now that George has the whole study to himself he is going to move the sofa out to make room for his new desk.

l 他对工作忽视太久了，别说一个星期，就是一个月也不可能赶完它。He has neglected his work for too long and it is impossible for him to catch up on it in a month let alone in a week.

l 解决他的问题的最好办法是向精神病专家作些咨询。但如果他拒绝这种咨询怎么办？The best solution to his problem lies in seeing a psychiatrist for counseling. But what if he refuses such counseling?

l 虽然他声称是现实主义者，但他好像对他的公司资金正在耗尽且可能很快就会陷入困境这一事实视而不见。While he claims to be a realist he seems blind to the fact that his company is running out of funds and will be in serious trouble soon.

【Unit 8】

l 不成文的规定比成文的规定更有力地规范着我们的生活和行为。The unwritten rules govern our lives and behavior more strongly than the written ones.

l 在图书馆和教师里当你和某人在交谈时你并不提高嗓门。事实上，我就从没见任何人在那些地方大声尖叫过。When you are talking with someone in libraries and classrooms you don not raise your voice. As a matter of fact I have never seen anyone screaming at the top of their lungs in those places.

l 当他喊过：“该死，西尔维亚”后发现拥挤在餐馆里的所有人都在惊讶地看着他时，弹压的脸涨得通红。He blushed when he found that everyone in the crowded restaurant was looking at him in surprise after he yelled “Damn it Sylvia.”

l 尽管比赛很激动人心，但坐在看台上的八万名观众却没有一人离开座位。正如鲍勃·格林所说，那道无形的屏障一直是有效的。Regardless of the emotion of the contest none of the 80000 spectators sitting in the stands left their seats. Just as Bob Green says the invisible barrier always holds.

l 每天早晨六点半，运动场上已挤满了跑步和做早操的学生。这本身是一个充满希望的征兆，说明越来越多的学生已认识到身体好的重要性。By six thirty every morning the playing field is already full of students jogging and doing morning exercises – which in itself is a hopeful sign that more and more students have realized the importance of keeping fit.

l 由于某种原因莉莉没有为法语测试做好准备。但作为一个诚实的姑娘，她决不会在考试中作弊，正如她不会说谎一样。For some reason Lily was not well

prepared for the French test. But being an honest girl she would no sooner cheat on an exam than tell lies.

l 我认识一个定期给墨西哥的父母寄钱的农业季节工人。他把这看作是理所当然的事。他常说：“你应该赡养自己的父母，是不是？”I know a migrant farm laborer who sends money to his parents in Mexico on a regular basis. He regards it as the right thing to do. He often says “You’re supposed to support your parents aren’t you?”

二 : 21世纪大学英语读写教程(第二册)课

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21世纪大学英语读写教程(第二册)课文翻译及课后答案

第一单元

UNIT1

翻译

TEXT A

温斯顿?丘吉尔——他的另一种生活

玛丽?索姆斯

我的父亲温斯顿?丘吉尔是在40几岁开始迷恋上绘画的，当时他正身处逆境。1915年，作为海军大臣，他深深地卷入了达达尼尔海峡的一场战役。原本那次战役是能够缩短一场血腥的世界大战的，但它却失败了，人员伤亡惨重，为此丘吉尔作为公务员和个人都付出了代价：他被免去了海军部的职务，失去了显赫的政治地位。

“我本以为他会因忧伤而死的。”他的妻子克莱门泰因说。被这一不幸压垮的他同家人一起退隐到萨里郡的一个乡间居处---耘锄农场。在那儿，正如丘吉尔日后所回忆的，“绘画女神拯救了我!”

一天他正在花园里漫步，正巧碰上他的弟妹在用水彩画素描。他观看了她几分钟，然后借过她的画笔，试了一下身手----于是缪斯女神施展了她的魔法。自那天以后，温斯顿便爱上了绘画。

任何能让沉浸在忧思中的温斯顿分心的事情都让克莱门泰因高兴。于是，她赶紧去买来她所能找到的各种颜料和画具。水彩颜料、油画颜料、纸张、帆布画布---很快耘锄农场里便堆满了一个绘画者可能想要或需要的各样东西。

画油画最终成了温斯顿的一大爱好---但是最初几步却出奇地艰难。他凝视着他的第一块空白画布，异乎寻常地紧张。他日后回忆道：“我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后小心翼翼地在雪白的底子上的画上蚕豆般大小的一笔。就在这时，我听到车道上传来一辆汽车的声音，于是

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惊恐地丢下我的画笔。当我看清是谁从汽车里走出来时，更是惊慌失措。来者正是住在附近的著名画家约翰?莱佛利爵士的妻子。

后来教丘吉尔画画的莱佛利曾经说起过他这位不同寻常的学生的艺术才能：“如果他当初选择的是绘画而不是政治，他定会成为一位驾驭画笔的大师。”

在绘画中，丘吉尔发现了一个将陪他走过大半人生的伴侣。1921年，他的母亲去世，两个月后，他又失去了他和克莱门泰因的3岁爱女玛丽戈尔德。那时，绘画是他的慰藉。悲痛欲绝的温斯顿住到了苏格兰朋友们的家中---并在他的绘画中寻得安慰。他写信给克莱门泰因：“我外出画了一条在午后阳光下的美丽的河流，背景是红色和金黄色的山峦。爱怜的思绪油然而生??啊，我一直感受到失去玛丽戈尔德的痛楚。”

生命、爱和希望慢慢地复苏了。1922年9月，克莱门泰因和温斯顿的另一个孩子出生了：那就是我。同年，温斯顿买下了查特威尔，这是他将在以后40年里画出其所有不同风貌的他所钟爱的家。

20世纪20年代中期，我父亲在伦敦举行的一次享有盛名的业余画展中赢得了一等奖，当时他一定颇为得意。参赛作品不署名，所以一些评委坚持认为温斯顿的画---有关查特威尔的第一批画作中的一幅---是一位专业画家而不是一位业余画家的作品，所以应该取消其参赛资格。但最后，他们同意信赖那位艺术家的诚实，而在得知那幅画为丘吉尔所作时他们都很高兴。

史学家们一直把1929年温斯顿再次被免职后的10年称为他无所作为的十年。也许政治上那些年（他）的确毫无作为，因为他一个人大声

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疾呼，想要唤醒英国人认识到来自希特勒的威胁，然而响应者寥寥无几。但在艺术上，那些年却硕果累累：现存的500多幅丘吉尔的油画中，约有一半作于1930年至1939年之间。

绘画始终是丘吉尔的一种乐趣，直到他生命的结束。“画家是幸福的，”他在他的《作为一种消遣的绘画》一书中写道，“因为他们不会孤独。光线与色彩，宁静与希望，将终日伴随着他们。” 对我的父亲来说也是这样。

Text Comprehension

II．

1. It was a military campaign in which many soldiers died. The effects on

Churchill were () he lost his political position and he was overwhelmed with grief.

2. He felt so inspired to paint that he was distracted from his personal

problems.

3. His sister-in-law?s painting inspired him to try his hand at it; his wife

rushed out to buy all the materials he would need; and the wife of Sir John Lavery helped him overcome his fear of the blank canvas.

4. The blank whiteness of the canvas made him feel he didn?t know where to

begin. This nervousness was not typical of Churchill, who was known publicly as a brave and strong-willed person.

5. Churchill was comparing the canvas to an opponent in a fight, and he could

now see that he need not fear his “adversary”.

6. He meant that Churchill would have been a great painter, just as he was a

great politician.

7. It was his great comfort when the death of his mother was followed quickly

by the death of his daughter.

8. Because the judges suspected that it was not painted by an amateur; they

were later surprised and delighted because Churchill was not just a famous political figure but also a talented untrained artist.

9. No, she considers that decade an artistically fruitful one.

10. He meant that painting was like a friend who never betrayed or abandoned

him. This seems to suggest that he often felt lonely, misunderstood and/or

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

disappointed in his relationship with other people.

Vocabulary

III.

1.artistic 2.overcome 3.infinite 4.plunged 5.mission 6.camgpain

7.revived 8.distract 9.accustomed 10.retreat 11.precaution 12. disastrous

IV.

1. delighted with 2. bore fruit 3. kept Clementine company 4. rely on

5. take refuge 6. awaken people to 7. pay the price 8. chanced upon;

dated from 9. tried his hand at 10. fell upon; came to her rescue

Word Building

1. broadens the mind 2. weakened 3. sweeten Diet Coke 4.hardens

5. strengthen 6. deepen your understanding of the course materiall

7. sharpen the kitchen knives 8. reddened 9. brighten; quickens

10. lightened

VI.

1. lucky 2. wealthy 3. tasty 4. icy 5. wavy 6. smelly 7. sleepy 8. noisy (smelly is also plausible) 9. healthy 10. sunny

Structure

VII.

1. Amazed at the great changes that are taking place in shanghai, many foreign

visitors leave China with a completely new view of our country.

2. Unpleasantly startled by the appearance of a mouse, we promptly decided

to clean our apartment.

3. Tired of their own cooking, they?ve decided to go to a restaurant for a

change.

4. Frightened by the horror film, the little girl was alert to every sound in the

house that night.

5. Deeply disappointed with the actress?s performance, tom soon switched to

another channel.

6. Embarrassed about still being in bed at 10 a.m., when my friends came I

pretended to be sick with a terrible headache.

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

VIII.

1. So I did 2. So did my brother 3. So she was 4. So they do; so do his classmates 5. So am I

Cloze

lonely; overcame; refuge; finally; however; where; delighted; contemplated; entry; campaign; distract; plunged into; Within a month; rescue; when; overwhelming

Translation

1. When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties, the 72-year-old retired professor was overwhelmed by grief. Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on.

2. Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in London. Many people went to see it, including a few celebrated professors.

3. When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s, it plunged the whole world into shock and grief.

4. After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty.

5. After his failure in the election campaign, Dr. Smith retired to a small village, where he tried his hand at farming.

6. As long as you keep working hard all your life, you will recall your past with a glow of satisfaction.

7. We must awaken people to the importance of environmental protection now, or it will soon be too late.

8. That official was removed from office for being involved in a political

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

scandal. Had he known this would happen, he might have acted differently. Reading Analysis

XII.

Major Event:

Life and love and hope slowly revived.

How did the change happen?

(1)Churchill bought a new house.

(2) Another child was born to Churchill.

Structured Writing

XIII. One example, for reference

My sister Stephanie began her love affair with television in the second grade amid highly emotional circumstances. She had had a quarrel with her best friend, and found herself alone and lonely every day after school with nothing to do. That?s when the miracle of television came toText

第二单元

翻译

UNIT2

TEXT A

他们为何出类拔萃？

富克斯?巴特菲尔德

当郑金枝的父亲用积蓄的钱为她买了一张票，让她乘上一条将带她离开越南的渔船时，她才9岁。对这个家庭来说，将金枝送上小船，置身于陌生人中间，是一种令人心碎、代价昂贵的牺牲。他们只愿她最终能到达美国，在那儿受到良好的教育，享受更美好的生活。

对小女孩来说，这是一次充满危险的艰苦旅程。在小船到达安全之地以前很久，食物和水的贮备已经用完。当金枝最终到达美国后，她又不得不同一连3个收养家庭相处。但是当她1998年从圣地亚哥的帕特里克?亨利中学毕业时，她取得了全优的成绩以及这个国家最享盛名的几所大学提供的奖学金。

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“我必须取得好成绩，”这个现为康奈尔大学二年级学生的19岁姑娘说，“这样我才对得起在越南的父母。”

金枝是一群聪明伶俐、积极进取的美籍亚裔中的一员，他们正突然潮水般地涌入我们最好的大学。虽然美籍亚裔只占全国人口的2.4%，但他们在哈佛的本科生中却占了17.1%，在麻省理工学院占了18%，在加州大学伯克利分校占了27.3%。

为什么美籍亚裔的成绩这样优秀呢? 他们是否像一些陈旧的看法所暗示的那样是些埋头用功的学生? 他们是否有更高的智商? 或者在我们一向珍视，但也许已经丢失的价值观----如敬业、家庭和教育等方面，我们是否可以向他们学到一些有用的东西呢?

并非所有的亚裔人都学得一样好；比如，没受过什么教育的柬埔寨难民的孩子就常常需要特殊的帮助。许多美籍亚裔人不喜欢被称为“模范的少数民族”，他们感到这是美国白人的逆向歧视----虽与1965年以前排斥大多数亚洲移民进入美国的法律截然不同，但仍是一种偏见。

亚裔年轻人的成绩已经引发了一系列引人注目的研究。也许最令人不安的结果来自于密歇根大学心理学家哈罗德?W?斯蒂文森进行的研究。他将芝加哥和明尼阿波利斯7000多名幼儿园、一年级、三年级和五年级的学生同他们在北京、台北和仙台的同级伙伴作了比较。在一组数学测试中，美国学生在所有的年级层次上都考得最差。

斯蒂文森没有发现智商上的差别。但是如果成绩上的差异在幼儿园就开始显现，那就表明事情出在家庭中，甚至是在孩子们上学之前。

正是在这一点上，各研究者的不同研究趋于了一致：亚洲的父母在激发孩子的学习动力方面做得更好。“决定的因素是亚洲孩子学习努力。”斯蒂文森说。

接下来，真正要弄清的问题是，亚洲父母是如何将这种学习动力灌输给他们的后代的。斯蒂文森的研究提出了一个重要的答案。当被问及

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

他们认为他们的孩子为什么学得好时，大多数亚洲父母说是“用功”。而美国父母则说是“天赋”。

“依我看，”斯蒂文森说，“对于我们都能通过艰苦努力在生活中取得成功的观念我们已经不再相信。相反，美国人现在认为有的孩子具备成功所必需的素质，而有的孩子则不具备。于是我们开始把班级分为‘快班’和‘慢班’，而中国人和日本人则认为所有的孩子都能在同一课程中成功。”

这种对于勤奋的信念是促成亚洲学生成绩突出的三大要素中的第一个。它来源于亚洲人共同的儒教传统，即公元前5世纪那位中国圣人的哲学思想，他的教义对中国社会产生了深远的影响。孔夫子的主要教义之一是，人们通过努力能够完善自我。

还有另外一个重要因素存在于亚洲父母及其子女的这种关系中。在我住在中国、日本和越南的15年间，我注意到同大多数美国父母相比，亚洲父母同他们的婴儿建立了一种更为亲密的身体联系。比如，当我让幼小的女儿在地板上爬时，我的中国朋友们会大惊失色，冲过去把她抱起来。我们认为这种无时不在的关心已经过时、甚至是不健康的，但是对于亚洲人来说，它却十分有效。

我们能从亚洲人那儿学到点什么吗？“我还没有天真到认为亚洲的每样东西都能被移植过来。”斯蒂文森说。但是，他却提出了3条建议。

“首先，”他说，“我们需要为我们的孩子们确立更高的目标。我们不会指望他们不经过刻苦训练就能成为职业运动员。”

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

第二，他宣称，美国父母需要更加关心子女的教育。“在孩子表现不好时表示理解是不够的。” 斯蒂文森发现，亚洲父母比美国父母花费更多的时间帮助孩子做作业或者写信给孩子的老师。

第三，我们的学校可以用简单而有效的方式加以重组，斯蒂文森说。近90%的中国年轻人说他们确实喜欢学校， 60%的年轻人迫不及待地盼着学校假期结束。同美国年轻人所表示的态度相比，这种态度要积极得多。原因之一也许是中国和日本的学生一般在每节课后都有一段休息时间，这有助于他们放松并增加注意力集中的持续时间。

“我并不认为亚洲人更聪明。”伯克利的一位美籍亚裔学生李?唐说，“在我的化学班里，有一些很聪明的美国人。但是亚洲学生更刻苦。我在美国人身上看到很多被浪费的潜能。”

Comprehension

II．

a 1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6 F 7T

b. 1I 2I 3 I 4N 5I 6N 7I 8N

Vocabulary

III.

1.label 2.converged 3.sacrifices 4.motivate 5.transplanted

6.horrified 7.bond 8.constitute 9.surged 10.prejudice 11.resents

12. recommendations

IV.

NB. these are not the only possible synoms/definitions/translations.

1. carried out; conducted, performed

2. led to; resulted in, caused

3. springs from; arises from, comes from

4. get ahead; make progress in life, achieve more, etc.

5. showed up; appeared, arrived

6. make up; constitute, comprise

7. owes it to; 归功于

8. cope with; find a way of dealing with, manage

9. divided the cake into; 把蛋糕分成??

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

10. excluded from; 被剥夺了

11. committed to; devoted to, dedicated to

12. make it to; arrive at or on after much effort

1. sense of guilt 2. finally 3. imbued her with 4.offspring

5. horrified, motivated me 6. recommendations, To start with 7. naive

8. by contrast

Word Building

VI.

1. misplaced 2. mismatched 3. misusing 4. mislead

5. misprinted 6. misinformed 7. misspelled 8. misunderstood

Structure

VII.

1. After the earthquake the government spent millions of dollars to help the

victims rebuild their houses.

2. ill you reconsider your decision? No one wants you to leave.

3. Some of Lu Xun?s writings were lost for decades, but they were

rediscovered in the mid-80s.

4. I see no need to restate the policy on late homework.

5. The library?s been rearranged, and I can?t find any of the books I need.

6. I hope this dictionary will be reprinted soon—I?d like to buy one.

7. Stevie Wonder?s earliest albums have been unavailable for several years,

but they?re being re-released next month.

8. I didn?t care much for the book the first time, but I enjoyed it when I reread

it.

9. John Harding is best known for reinterpreting Shakespeare?s plays.

10. You?ve misunderstood me—let me rephrase what I said.

VIII.

A. gardener calculator receiver container commander remainder

hike inspector steamer processor supervise builder contributor consumer paint teenager

B. 1.superviser 2. inspector 3. remainder 4. processor 5. gardener

6. calculator 7. commander 8. container 9. hiking 10. teenagers

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

Structure

1. It was for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood that we

organized this volunteer group.

2. It is only when we look back that we realize how far we have come.

3. It is his secretary who does all the work.

4. It is through the act of giving that we experience our fullest strength and

power.

5. It was gold that led them to undertake the long and risky journey to

California.

6. As I recall, it was you who suggested this idea in the first place.

7. It wasn?t until last week that they finished their report on the project.

8. It?s her beautiful eyes that I can?t forget.

1. The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, whereas the blue whale weighs up to 130, 000 kg.

2.The word ?youngster? has a cheerful connotation, whereas ?offspring? sounds rather clinical.

3. Confucianism emphasizes family ties, whereas Protestantism teaches individual responsibility.

4.The earliest mammals appeared on the earth hundred millions years ago, whereas the first evidence of humans dates from only about one million year ago.

5. The aim of the natural science is to predict and control natural process, whereas the aim of the social science is to understand human behavior.

6. He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.

Translation

XI.

儒教也为亚洲人的成功提供了另一个要素。在孔夫子的哲学中，家庭起着最重要的作用----这种定向引导人们为家庭的荣誉而学习工作，而不仅仅是为了他们自己。一个人永远无法报答他的父母，而且在亚洲人中间还有一种责任感、乃至负罪感，这是一种如同新教哲学在西方一样的强大力量。 XII.

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

9. Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class is made up of males only.

10. American children can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to work on their homework during most their after-school time.

11. His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge success. He said he owed all this to his parents? encouragement.

12. He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future.

13. The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device has to be readjusted.

14. As one of the many Asian students who have surged into the best American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on traditional Chinese philosophy.

15. To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr. Young work so hard. He is committed to educating the young and tires to motivate them to get ahead in life.

16. As time was running out, we drove even faster in the hope that we could make it to the airport in time.

Cloze

XIII

1. immigrant 2. than 3. obligation 4. motivated 5. widespread

6. however 7. although 8. discrimination 9. but/although 10. One day

11. guilty 12. horrified 13. repay 14. owe

Reading Analysis

XII.

Stevenson offered three recommendations:

To start with, we need higher standards for our kids second, American parents need to become more committed to their children?s education. And third, our school could be reorganized in simple but effective ways.

Structured Writing

XIII. One example, for reference

Students at our university admire their English teachers for three main reasons.

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

To start with, the teachers? hard work and dedication are highly inspiring to us. Second, the wonderfully creative lessons they prepare strongly motivate us to study as hard as we should. And third, our teachers? warmly human characters create bonds of friendship that will last forever.

第三单元

翻译

UNIT3

TEXT A

一个文化翻译的故事

西方和日本公司的合资企业经常会发生冲突----许多无关紧要的琐事会扩大为情绪激动的交战，各方不停地叫嚷：“他们是怎么了!?他们能不能理解???!” 但是因为冲突主要是由文化差异引起的，所以没有一方能够理解----除非他们有一名“文化翻译”。

我遇到的第一位文化翻译是一位设备安装工程师，名叫乔治，他在一家我担任国际业务部主任的美国公司里工作。这家公司刚同一家日本商社开办了一家合资企业，美方管理部门需要有人在它的独特技术方面培训日本雇员。乔治对设备及其安装和使用的透彻了解使他成为最能胜任这项工作的雇员，所以当乔治接受了暂时调往日本的一份两年期合同时，大家都很高兴。

从一开始，乔治就被所有的日本雇员欣然接受。日方经理通常不信任任何被派去代表美方业主的人，但乔治生性随和，没有人把他看作是对自己职业的一种威胁。所以他们喜欢就广泛的各类问题征求他的意见，包括大洋彼岸他们的合作伙伴的古怪行为。公司上下的工程师们都珍视乔治的专业知识和他友好而技能熟练的帮助，他们已养成了一有问题----任何问题，就找他帮忙的习惯。办公室里的秘书们都热衷于帮助这个讨人喜欢的单身汉学习日语。

谁也没有料到那么快公司就成了一家赢利、兴旺、日益壮大的企业。乔治的第一份两年期合同到期了。这时，他已经能讲很好的日语，并养成了一些日本人的习惯。他整天喝绿茶，顿顿吃米饭，甚至学会了正确

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

地坐榻榻米。所以，当公司向乔治提出在日本的第二份两年期合同的建议时，他立即就接受了。之后又有第三份合同，乔治与日本文化的情缘在继续着。

但是当乔治在这个国家的第6个年头即将结束时，一个未曾料到的困难变得显而易见了：日本工程师对迅速更新的技术的了解已经超过了乔治。他没有什么剩下的东西可以教他们了。

难道这就是可怜的乔治的结局吗? 他对于这家他曾经如此忠诚地服务过的、现已成熟的合资企业，就再也没有什么可以贡献的了吗? 他只得离开他已开始爱上的这个国家吗? 不! 面对着要离开日本的威胁，乔治心有不甘，于是将自己重新塑造成了一名“文化翻译”。

一天，这家合资企业的日方总裁----又一次----被来自美方管理层的一份电文激怒了，乔治就是在那一天产生了做一名“文化翻译”这一想法的。像通常碰到类似的情况时一样，日方总裁冲进乔治的办公室，怒气冲冲地将那份电文扔到了他面前。乔治也同往常一样，读了电文，然后心平气和地解释了美国人这样说的真正意思，而不是在日本文化背景下听上去的那种意思。

对大家来说都很幸运的是，合资企业的日方和美方都已经听说过足够多的有关文化冲突的骇人故事，他们能够认识到乔治的技能的价值，所以当他为自己提出这个新的职位时，这个想法很快便被采纳了。在这几年中，这一决定的英明一次又一次地得到了证明。

有时我们需要比熟练的英语远为重要的东西。当日方会计师不得不解释花在874份十二月假日礼物上的46,534美元时，就是这么一种情况。或者当日方人事经理不得不说明即使公司不再需要一个化学师的专业知识仍要继续聘用他的理由时也是如此。在诸如此类的情况下，人人都求助于乔治。

他用各种办法让他们的电文使美国人听上去至少有一部分道理。当有些事连乔治也无法“译”成美国式的含义时，他会写道：“这听上去很

三 : 21世纪大学英语读写教程(第二册)课

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

21世纪大学英语读写教程(第二册)课文翻译及课后答案

第一单元

UNIT1

翻译

TEXT A

温斯顿?丘吉尔——他的另一种生活

玛丽?索姆斯

画油画最终成了温斯顿的一大爱好---但是最初几步却出奇地艰难。他凝视着他的第一块空白画布，异乎寻常地紧张。他日后回忆道：“我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后小心翼翼地在雪白的底子上的画上蚕豆般大小的一笔。就在这时，我听到车道上传来一辆汽车的声音，于是惊恐地丢下我的画笔。当我看清是谁从汽车里走出来时，更是惊慌失措。来者正是住在附近的著名画家约翰?莱佛利爵士的妻子。

“‘在画画呢!’她大声说道。‘多么有趣。可你还在等什么呢? 把画笔给我---大的那支。’她

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

猛地用笔蘸起颜料，还没等我缓过神来，她已经挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色。谁都看得出画布无法回击。我不再迟疑。我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕过画布。”

史学家们一直把1929年温斯顿再次被免职后的10年称为他无所作为的十年。也许政治上那些年（他）的确毫无作为，因为他一个人大声疾呼，想要唤醒英国人认识到来自希特勒的威胁，然而响应者寥寥无几。但在艺术上，那些年却硕果累累：现存的500多幅丘吉尔的油画中，约有一半作于1930年至1939年之间。

Text Comprehension

II．

1. It was a military campaign in which many soldiers died. The effects on Churchill were () he lost his

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

political position and he was overwhelmed with grief.

2. He felt so inspired to paint that he was distracted from his personal problems.

3. His sister-in-law?s painting inspired him to try his hand at it; his wife rushed out to buy all the materials he would need; and the wife of Sir John Lavery helped him overcome his fear of the blank canvas.

4. The blank whiteness of the canvas made him feel he didn?t know where to begin. This nervousness was not typical of Churchill, who was known publicly as a brave and strong-willed person.

5. Churchill was comparing the canvas to an opponent in a fight, and he could now see that he need not fear his “adversary”.

6. He meant that Churchill would have been a great painter, just as he was a great politician.

7. It was his great comfort when the death of his mother was followed quickly by the death of his daughter.

9. No, she considers that decade an artistically fruitful one.

10. He meant that painting was like a friend who never betrayed or abandoned him. This seems to

suggest that he often felt lonely, misunderstood and/or disappointed in his relationship with other people.

Vocabulary

III.

1.artistic 2.overcome 3.infinite 4.plunged 5.mission 6.camgpain 7.revived 8.distract

9.accustomed 10.retreat 11.precaution 12. disastrous

IV.

1. delighted with 2. bore fruit 3. kept Clementine company 4. rely on

5. take refuge 6. awaken people to 7. pay the price 8. chanced upon; dated from 9. tried his hand at 10. fell upon; came to her rescue

Word Building

1. broadens the mind 2. weakened 3. sweeten Diet Coke 4.hardens 5. strengthen 6. deepen your understanding of the course materiall

7. sharpen the kitchen knives 8. reddened 9. brighten; quickens

10. lightened

VI.

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

1. lucky 2. wealthy 3. tasty 4. icy 5. wavy 6. smelly 7. sleepy 8. noisy (smelly is also plausible) 9. healthy 10. sunny

Structure

VII.

1. Amazed at the great changes that are taking place in shanghai, many foreign visitors leave China with a completely new view of our country.

2. Unpleasantly startled by the appearance of a mouse, we promptly decided to clean our apartment.

3. Tired of their own cooking, they?ve decided to go to a restaurant for a change.

4. Frightened by the horror film, the little girl was alert to every sound in the house that night.

5. Deeply disappointed with the actress?s performance, tom soon switched to another channel.

6. Embarrassed about still being in bed at 10 a.m., when my friends came I pretended to be sick with a terrible headache.

VIII.

1. So I did 2. So did my brother 3. So she was 4. So they do; so do his classmates 5. So am I Cloze

lonely; overcame; refuge; finally; however; where; delighted; contemplated; entry; campaign; distract; plunged into; Within a month; rescue; when; overwhelming

Translation

1. When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties, the 72-year-old retired professor was overwhelmed by grief. Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on.

2. Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in London. Many people went to see it, including a few celebrated professors.

3. When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s, it plunged the whole world into shock and grief.

4. After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty.

一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

5. After his failure in the election campaign, Dr. Smith retired to a small village, where he tried his hand at farming.

6. As long as you keep working hard all your life, you will recall your past with a glow of satisfaction.

7. We must awaken people to the importance of environmental protection now, or it will soon be too late.

8. That official was removed from office for being involved in a political scandal. Had he known this would happen, he might have acted differently.

Reading Analysis

XII.

Major Event:

Life and love and hope slowly revived.

How did the change happen?

(1)Churchill bought a new house.

(2) Another child was born to Churchill.

Structured Writing

XIII. One example, for reference

第二单元

翻译

UNIT2

TEXT A

他们为何出类拔萃？

富克斯?巴特菲尔德

对小女孩来说，这是一次充满危险的艰苦旅程。在小船到达安全之地以前很久，食物和水的贮备已经用完。当金枝最终到达美国后，她又不得不同一连3个收养家庭相处。但是当她1998

四 : 21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册答案01

第一单元

Text Comprehension

II．

1. It was a military campaign in which many soldiers died. The effects on Churchill were () he lost his political position and he was overwhelmed with grief.

2. He felt so inspired to paint that he was distracted from his personal problems.

4. The blank whiteness of the canvas made him feel he didn?t know where to begin. This nervousness was not typical of Churchill, who was known publicly as a brave and strong-willed person.

5. Churchill was comparing the canvas to an opponent in a fight, and he could now see that he need not fear his “adversary”.

6. He meant that Churchill would have been a great painter, just as he was a great politician.

7. It was his great comfort when the death of his mother was followed quickly by the death of his daughter.

9. No, she considers that decade an artistically fruitful one.

Vocabulary

III.

1.artistic 2.overcome 3.infinite 4.plunged 5.mission 6.camgpain 7.revived 8.distract

9.accustomed 10.retreat 11.precaution 12. disastrous

IV.

1. delighted with 2. bore fruit 3. kept Clementine company 4. rely on

5. take refuge 6. awaken people to 7. pay the price 8. chanced upon; dated from 9. tried his hand at 10. fell upon; came to her rescue

Word Building

1. broadens the mind 2. weakened 3. sweeten Diet Coke 4.hardens 5. strengthen 6. deepen

your understanding of the course materiall