一 : 英语强调结构
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强 调 结 构
在现代英语中，强调的主要手段有词汇手段，语法手段及it作主语的强调结构等。
一、 词汇手段
1、用强调性形容词very、single等。如:
This is the very textbook I want to buy.
He did it under your very eyes.
Not a single person has been in the shop this morning.
Not a single one of her neighbours gave her any help.
2、用强调性副词如especially, right, just 等。如：
I like Beijing especially (=particularly) in Autumn.
I like the story very much, especially the last part.
She sat right in front of him.
Just before dinner, Mum told us a funny story.
3、用强调性疑问词，ever，on earth，in the world等。如： Who on earth is that old man standing at the school gate?
What in the world made him so angry?
How ever did you drop it?
4、用强调性否定词at all，in the least，，a bit等。如：
We were not at all surprised that he won the first prize.
He wasn’t at all tired.
She wasn’t in the least angry with me.
—Are you hungry?
—Not in the least.
He was not a bit sleepy somehow that night.
5、用作同位语的反身代词itself ，himself， yourself，myself等。如： The story is well written，but he himself didn’t tell it well.
The manager himself served them.
You’d better do the work yourself .
6、用助动词do(does),did.如：
Do have a rest at once.
He did see the film last night.
Do be more careful next time.
7、用much，still，even，（by far），a great/good deal，a lot等强调形容词和副词的比较级。如：
The new theatre is much/still/even/a great deal/a lot larger than the old one. by far 还可以强调形容词和副词的最高级。如：The Pacific is by far the largest ocean in the world.
二、 语法手段
语法手段主要指书面语言中通过改变词序达到强调的目的。 There goes the bell.
Out rushed the children.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Nat a single mistake did he make.
三、用引导词it作主语的强调结构。
He teaches maths every Friday morning.
强调主语：It is he who teaches us maths every morning.
强调间接宾语：It is us who he teaches maths every Friday morning. 强调直接宾语：It is maths that he teaches us every Friday morning. 强调状语：It is every Friday morning that he teaches us maths.
编辑投稿：新疆石河子市第一中学 赵莉
二 : 强调句结构
常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。三 : 强调结构
强调结构
强调结构是指在句子当中,有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气,增强情感色彩或加强对
比,需要改变句子结构,这种结构叫做强调结构
1. 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that（which, who,
whom）+ 其他部分。(www.61k.com）
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/
who + 其他部分？
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
4.
A 强调主语：当被强调的部分指人，并且作主语时，要用who/that.
It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
B 强调宾语：当被强调的部分是宾语，又是指人时，要用whom或that, 但是通常多用that.
It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
C 强调状语时，只能用that,不能用when/where/why:
1．)强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
2．)强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
3．)强调原因状语:
It was for this reason, I suppose, that the book took a long time to come out.
我想正是由于这种原因使得那本书很长时间才出版（不能用why）。
D 强调物时: 要用which /that, 但通常多用that.
It was the problem that a young scientist solve two years ago.
5. 注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般 只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的
时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去
进行时，用It was ... ，其余的时态用It is ... 。
二、not ? until ? 句型的强调句
1. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2. 注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中
It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
三、谓语动词的强调
强调结构 强调结构
1. It is/ was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。(www.61k.com］ e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
2. 注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
辨析be to do, be going to do, be about to do
1) be to do:
(1)表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情。如：
The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。
2）表示可能性，必要、责任、义务、禁止等。如：
Her necklace was not to(couldn't)be found. 她的项链找不到了。
2) be going to do:
1) 表示将要发生的事情或打算最近要进行的动作。如：
It is going to rain soon. 快要下雨了。
2) 在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句一般不用be going to，而常用will（第一人称用shall）。如：
The football match will be put off if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，足球赛将被推迟举行。
3) be about to do:
1) 表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来。如：
We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。
The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。
2) 在含有be about to do的句子中，不能再加时间状语。如：
Wrong: The medical team is about to start immediately.
Right: The medical team is about to start. 医疗队就要出发了。
be made of, be made from, be made up of,
be made into, be made out of, be made in
1. be made of “用??制成的”。指从成品上能看出原料，制成物没改变原料的本质, 发生的是物理变化。
This table cloth is made of paper.这张桌布是由纸做的。
This salad is made of apples and strawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
2. be made from “用??制造的”。指从制成物看不出原料，制成物已改变了原料的本质, 发生的是化学变化。
Bread is made from corn.面包是小麦做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material.这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的
3. be made up of “由??构成或组成的”。指人、物皆可，指结构成分。
强调结构 强调结构
4. be made into “制成为??”。［www.61k.com）如：
The material will be made into a dress.
这块料子是要做成连衣裙的。
This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 这块木头将要被制成一个小凳。 The paper has been made into clothes for the doll. 纸被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。
5. be made out of “由??制出的”。与 be made of, be made from 意思类似。如： The table is made of wood. 桌子是用木头制的。
The wine is made from grapes. 酒是用葡萄酿造的。
Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班由六个小组组成。
At present, many things are made out of plastics. 现在许多东西都是用塑料制成的。
6.be made in sp. 指的是产地，意思为"于?制造"。
The caps are made in Russia.这些帽子产于俄罗斯。
My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.
我妈妈喜欢买中国产的东西。
练习：
1. The desk is made _____ wood.
A. of B. from C. in
2. The paper is made _____ wood.
A. of B. from C. in
Key: A B
see 感官动词,后有两种用法:一种是see sb.do sth,看到某人做(完)了某事
see sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事,表示动作正在进行
population美音：[,pɑpj?'le??n]英音：[,p?pju'lei??n]
名词 n.
1.
人口[U][C]
The population of this country rose by 10 percent.
这个国家的人口增长了百分之十。
The country has a population of 100 million.
这个国家有一亿人口。
2.
(某地域的)全部居民[the S][G]
Only ten percent of the population here is illiterate.
这里只有百分之十的居民是文盲。
population是一个集合名词,它的用法有时较为特殊,所以很容易用错。下面谈一下它的用法。
一、population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。例如:
The world's population is increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增长得越来越快。
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the world's population was about 1,700 million. 在二十世纪初,全世界的人口大约是十七亿。
强调结构 强调结构
二、当主语是表示"人口的百分之几、几分之几"时,谓语动词用复数形式。［www.61k.com］例如:
About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。
三、有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。例如:
China has a population of about 1.3 billion. (=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.) 中国大约有十三亿人口。
New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million. 纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。
在表示多个地区的人口时,population要用复数形式populations。例如:
Many parts of the world, which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops, have become deserts. 世界上很多地区一度人口众多,种植大量的农作物;现在,这些地区已经变成了沙漠。
四、表示人口的"多"或"少",不用"much"或"little",而要用"large"或"small"。例如:
India has a large population. 印度人口众多。
Singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口少。
五、询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用"How much...?",而用"How large...?";在问具体人口时用"What...?"。例如:
-How large is the population of your hometown? 你们家乡有多少人口?
-The population of our hometown is nearly twice as large as that of yours. 我们家乡的人口是你们家乡人口的将近两倍。
-What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少?
-The population of Canada is about 29 million. 加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。
六、population还表示"某地、某类的动、植物或物品的总数"。例如:
In India, however, the population of tigers has increased, from 2,000 in 1972 to about 5,000 in 1989. 然而在印度,老虎的总数已从1972年的2,000只增长到了1989年的大约5,000只。
强调结构 强调结构
英语倍数的表达法
用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时，用下面三个句型
（1）??倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+than
This rope is twice longer than that one．这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(www.61k.com）（比那根绳长二倍）
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom．这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍）
The car runs twice faster than that truck．这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。（是那辆卡车的三倍）
（2）??倍数+as+形容词（或 much）或副词+as
Asia is four times as large as Europe．亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
This big stone is three times as heavy as that one．这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。（这块石头比那块重二倍）
The plane flew ten times as high as the kite．那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。（高出九倍）
（3）??倍数+the size（length，height?）of
This street is four times the length of that street．这条街是那条街的四倍长。
This hill is four times the height of that small one．这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。（比那座小山高三倍）
也可用：The height of this hill is four times that of that small one．
could (不能用 can) have done 表示“过去本能够做某事却未做。”注意：其否定形式 couldn't have done 没有虚拟语气的用法，couldn't have done 只能表推测，相当于 can't have done，意为：“过去不可能做了某事。”
四 : 英语强调结构
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强 调 结 构
在现代英语中，强调的主要手段有词汇手段，语法手段及it作主语的强调结构等。（www.61k.com）
一、 词汇手段
1、用强调性形容词very、single等。如:
This is the very textbook I want to buy.
He did it under your very eyes.
Not a single person has been in the shop this morning.
Not a single one of her neighbours gave her any help.
2、用强调性副词如especially, right, just 等。如：
I like Beijing especially (=particularly) in Autumn.
I like the story very much, especially the last part.
She sat right in front of him.
Just before dinner, Mum told us a funny story.
3、用强调性疑问词，ever，on earth，in the world等。如： Who on earth is that old man standing at the school gate?
What in the world made him so angry?
How ever did you drop it?
4、用强调性否定词at all，in the least，，a bit等。如：
We were not at all surprised that he won the first prize.
He wasn’t at all tired.
She wasn’t in the least angry with me.
—Are you hungry?
—Not in the least.
He was not a bit sleepy somehow that night.
强调结构 英语强调结构
5、用作同位语的反身代词itself ，himself， yourself，myself等。［www.61k.com］如： The story is well written，but he himself didn’t tell it well.
The manager himself served them.
You’d better do the work yourself .
6、用助动词do(does),did.如：
Do have a rest at once.
He did see the film last night.
Do be more careful next time.
7、用much，still，even，（by far），a great/good deal，a lot等强调形容词和副词的比较级。如：
The new theatre is much/still/even/a great deal/a lot larger than the old one. by far 还可以强调形容词和副词的最高级。如：The Pacific is by far the largest ocean in the world.
二、 语法手段
语法手段主要指书面语言中通过改变词序达到强调的目的。 There goes the bell.
Out rushed the children.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Nat a single mistake did he make.
三、用引导词it作主语的强调结构。
He teaches maths every Friday morning.
强调主语：It is he who teaches us maths every morning.
强调间接宾语：It is us who he teaches maths every Friday morning. 强调直接宾语：It is maths that he teaches us every Friday morning. 强调状语：It is every Friday morning that he teaches us maths.
编辑投稿：新疆石河子市第一中学 赵莉
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