一 : 在世博会“人与自然”馆的一隅,有一组人类残杀动物的照片,那是动物世界中的“黑镜头”.
在世博会“人与自然”馆的一隅,有一组人类残杀动物的照片,那是动物世界中的“黑镜头”.
一只竖琴海豹的幼子,因为其美丽的雪白毛皮被人杀死后剥去皮,剩下的是一具血淋淋的裸尸.他已死去的眼睛紧闭着,但是凸起的黑色眼球又分明是控诉般地圆睁怒视；一条巨大的鲸已被分解成几大块,一些人站在鲸的尸体上分割着他的脂肪.鲸的脂肪比屠宰者身高还厚,而肢解鲸肉的却应该是那些比钢铁工具更冰冷的心；一头死去多时的大象,尸体早已干枯萎缩,被起重机象捆柴禾一般地吊在空中；旁边的照片中是堆砌如山的象牙和犀角,这座小山的下面该是一座多么大的尸山呢?不知海洋中的哪种群居哺乳动物被嗜杀者盯上了,几条船在鲜红的血海中游弋.不知道有多少生灵被杀,反正,太过粘稠的红色海水居然漾不起一丝一毫的波浪.海,也死了一样.
在整个展览的角落里,一张不太起眼的小照片却呈现给人最强烈的刺激.那是一张只有黑白两色的彩色照片.白色的是极地的冰雪,黑色的是海豹妈妈身上的斑点和她那伤心欲绝的眼睛.她的孩子就倒在她面前,身上雪白的毛皮已被人剥去,浑身的鲜血也凝成了黑色.照片的说明上写着“为了获得小海豹的皮,猎人们当着母海豹的面,将小海豹活活打死、剥皮.”
我能记录下来的是有限的,即使是这一整组照片,恐怕也仅是动物世界中“黑镜头”的一小部分.面对这些冰冷的“黑镜头”,我突然觉得二战中法西斯分子的残暴所为,并不是特定时期由特定政治野心所制造的特定产物.
谁能搜到关于“为了获得小海豹的皮,猎人们当着母海豹的面,将小海豹活活打死、剥皮.” 的照片?
为了获取皮毛,人类残杀海豹!
二 : 人与自然——动物世界
人与自然——动物世界到目前为止，人类能确定有生命的星球只有地球。我们通常所说的世界包括2个方面：人类社会和自然界。严格地说人类也是从自然界脱离出来的，当人类进化到现在的程度拥有了话语权，才会对整个宇宙说三道四。其实自然界（整个宇宙）是人类的摇篮，人[www.61k.com]类只不过是其中的精灵罢了。地球上的生物分为3大类：动物、植物、微生物。如果按生物分类学而论，人也应该属于动物范畴，但人类高高在上，掌握了话语权就把自己撇开了。人类从诞生以来与其他生物就是相生相克的，形成了此消彼长之势——人类、微生物（病菌、病毒）大量繁殖，动植物的种类和数量大量减少，除去大自然自身的因素外，人类是“罪魁祸首”。
人类进化到现在，自诩为地球的主宰，随着科技的日新月异进军宇宙的步伐也在加快。可是人类也变得幼稚起来，破坏赖以生存的自然环境，残害同生共死的动植物。人类进入工业社会以后，凭借从大自然中获得的材料制成的武器，对动植物大开杀戒。那些本可以在自然界称王的动物，如虎豹、狮熊、犀牛、大象、猩猩、鲸、鲨鱼……在人类的凶器面前都变成了盘中餐、身上衣、坐下垫。
地球上的物种正以每年成百上千的速度灭绝，尤其是那些残杀动物的场面令人触目经心。地球上动物都经历了千百万年的进化，牠们曾是人类的朋友，为我们的进化产生过重要作用。人类不应该忘恩负义，更不能自毁前程，如果没有了其他动物的陪伴，即使人类能够生存也显得寂寞。像上述的那些大型动物，还有很多的珍稀动物，牠们都是地球的精灵，一旦灭绝就将永远从地球上消失，我们的子孙后代只能从图画和影像中看到牠们的身姿，这难道不悲哀吗！
爱护动物，就是爱护我们人类自己。
三 : 自然界：自然界-概述，自然界-人与自然
自然界指统一的客观物质世界，是在意识以外、不依赖意识而存在的客观实在。它既包括人类已知的、也包括人类未知的物质世界，小至粒子，大至宇宙。它处于永恒运动、变化和发展之中，具有系统性、复杂性和无穷多样性，不断地为人的意识所认识并被人所改造。 对自然界的解释可分为狭义和广义两种。
自然界_自然界 -概述
关于大自然——水、空气、山脉、河流、微生物、植物、动物、地球、宇宙等等，都属于大自然的范畴；研究大自然的科学是自然科学，包括数学、物理、化学、生物学、地理学等科学，而这些科学的分支学科是非常多而繁杂的，如：生物科学又可分为微生物学、植物学、动物学3大学科；再而又可以分出分子生物学、细胞学、遗传学、生理学等；各学科交叉又会衍生出许多分支学科，如生物化学，生物物理学，分子结构生物学等等。
自然界_自然界 -人与自然
大自然诞生人类，说明它是尊重人类的行为，相反人类更应该尊重大自然。从表面看人是父母所生，事实上是大自然有了人的光子信息，人体胚胎才能吸收来自大自然的这个光子信息，将胚胎长大成人，是父母所生，同时又是大自然完成对胚胎暗物质的激发。大自然有脊椎动物4533六种，其中鸟类124四种，鱼类386两种。现有300余万种昆虫，已经确认的种类仅100余万种。大自然是天然资源，人与大自然应该互相尊重，保持珍惜和爱惜心态，适度使用自然，不让大自然及生态环境遭破坏，使生活环境美好、自然资源无耗尽，就像是母子一样亲密、和谐!
所以，关于大自然的资料，其丰富程度只能用浩如烟海来形容，其纷繁复杂非三两万字或几个人所能阐述的。
自然界_自然界 -分类
大自然里有各种生物，其中包括3大类：植物，动物，细菌和真菌。同时大自然也是1个包含各种生态系统的地方!
大自然的元素分为：光，暗，水，火，风，雷，土，7种，也就是说自然对这些东西的平衡进行控制。
大自然对于精神上的影响，以时间来说是最先，以地方来说是最重要。每一天，太阳；在日落之后，夜，与她的星辰。风永远吹着；草永远生长着。每一天，男人与女人，谈着话，观看着，被观看着。在一切人之间，那种形象最能吸引的就是哲人。他必须在自己心里决定它的价值。在他看来，大自然是什么?这上帝的网，它那不可理解的连贯性，从来没有开始，也从来没有结束，永远是圆形的力，回到它的自身。这一点它正和他自己的心灵相像，他永远不能找到它的开始与结束——这样完全，这样无限。大自然的光彩也照得那样远，宇宙上面还有宇宙，像光线一样地放射出去，向上，向下，没有中心，没有圆周——不论是聚集的或是分散的，大自然都迫切地向人的心灵表白她自己。
开始分门别类了。在年轻人的心里，每一件东西都是个别的，独自站在那里。渐渐地，他知道怎样把两件东西连在一起，看出它们之间的共同性；然后三件东西，然后3000件；于是他被他自己这种联合一切的本能所支配，继续把事物拴在一起，减少不规则的现象，发现地底的树根，将相反的、遥远的事物联络起来，在同1个枝干上开花。
他不久就知道，自从历史开始的时候，事实就不断地聚集和分类。然而“分类”的意义是什么?无非是看出这些事物并不是杂乱无章，彼此之间没有关系的，而是有一定的规律，这同时也是人类的心灵的规律。几何学纯粹是人类心灵里的1种抽象的东西，而天文学家发现行星的移动可以用几何学来测量。化学家发现一切物质中都有比例与可以理解的法则；科学是什么呢?无非是在距离最远的事物中发现相仿、相同之点。1个志向远大的人坐下来研究每一件难以控制的事实；把一切奇异的构造与一切新势力1个1个地归入它们的种类。归纳到它们的定理中，而且永远这样下去，运用深刻的观察，将各种组织的最后一根纤维，以及大自然的外缘，都赋以生命。
于是，这天宇下的学童感觉到他和自然“本是同根生”；1个是叶子，1个是花；亲谊与同情在每一根血管里活动着。
树根是什么呢?不是他的灵魂的灵魂?1个太大胆的设想；1个太荒唐的梦。然而，一旦这心灵的光辉帮助他发现了比较有形体的物性的规律的时候——当他知道崇拜灵魂，而且看出现有的自然哲学仅只是灵魂的巨手最初探索的时候，这时候他将要盼望知识日益扩大，好成为1个未来的造物主。他将看出大自然是灵魂的反面，每一部分都相呼应着。1个是图章，1个是印出来的字。它的美丽是他自己心灵的美丽。它的规律是他自己心灵的规律。因此他把大自然看成他自己成就的测量器。
他对于大自然知道得不够的程度，也就是他对于自己的心灵还掌握得不够的程度。总之，那古代的箴言，“认识你自己”，与现代的箴言“研究大自然”，终于成为同1个格言了。
广义的自然界指包括人类社会在内的整个客观物质世界。此物质世界是以自然的方式存在和变化着的。人的意识也是以自然方式发生的物质世界。人和人的意识是自然界发展的最高产物。物质世界具有系统性、复杂性和无穷多样性。它既包括人类已知的、也包括人类未知的物质世界。
狭义的自然界指与人类社会相区别的物质世界。即自然科学所研究的无机界和有机界。
19世纪自然科学与辩证唯物主义自然观。
18世纪下半世纪至19世纪，自然科学从搜集经验材料的阶段进入系统整理这些材料和理论概括的阶段，在天文学、地质学、物理学、化学、生物学等各个领域涌现出一系列重大发现。特别是由于物理学的两次重大的理论综合(能量守恒与转化定律和电磁转化理论的建立)和生物学的两次重大的理论综合(细胞学说和生物进化论的建立)，深刻地揭示了自然界的普遍联系和发展的辩证性质，从而使辩证唯物主义自然观取代机械唯物主义自然观成为历史的必然。马克思恩格斯科学地总结了当时自然科学的最新成就，继承了古希腊自然观中的辩证法观点，克服了机械唯物主义自然观的形而上学性质，批判地汲取了德国古典自然哲学思想特别是黑格尔的辩证法思想，创立了辩证唯物主义的自然观。它的观点是唯物主义的，即认为：自然界是客观存在的；它是我们人类即自然界的产物本身赖以生长的基础；在自然界和人以外，不存在任何东西。它的方法是辩证的，即认为：整个自然界是1个普遍联系和相互作用的整体，它在永恒的流动和循环中运动着；自然界的一切现象都是矛盾的统一体，它们既是对立的，又是统一的，并且在一定条件下相互转化，由此推动着自然界的运动和发展；自然界各种运动形式的相互转化过程"是1个伟大的基本过程，对自然的全部认识都综合于对这个过程的认识中"。它的基本原理是：自然界是物质的，物质结构的层次是无限的，物质处于永恒的运动中，运动无论在量上还是在质上都是不灭的，时间和空间是物质运动的基本形式，自然界的运动是有规律的。辩证唯物主义自然观的创立，意味着凌驾于自然科学之上的、思辨地构造体系的自然哲学的终结。它无论对于马克思主义学说的完善，对于马克思主义哲学的发展，还是对于自然科学哲学问题的研究、促进科学技术的进步，都具有重要的意义。
自然界与人类社会的关系：自然界就好比面包边缘的奶油，而人类社会是面包，社会单指科技，人文，绿化，竞争，商业，是虚的东西，自然界是实的东西。
自然界_自然界 -人脸现象
人与人之间相互分辨，靠的就是识别这张“脸”。不过，天地造化远远超乎人们的想象，自然中还有不少神态各异的“人脸”。
人脸山岩
或许你见识过台湾野柳地质公园的“女王头”，被那块风化海蚀、极为神似的岩石所打动。然而，在斯堪的纳维亚半岛的峡湾处，有1个山头竟形成一张天然人脸。整张“脸”有鼻子有眼，下方裂痕恰到好处地形成“嘴”，山腰的椭圆形巨石则不偏不倚地挂在“耳朵”的位置上。乘船从此经过，恍如坠入“魔戒”仙境一般。
在四川雅安蒙顶山，有一张更大的“人脸”，人们只能通过卫星才能欣赏到。原来，有科研人员在浏览卫星地图时，无意中发现了这张“脸”不仅面目清晰，神态坚毅，头上还佩戴着一副“头盔”，犹如一位罗马将军正挥斥方遒。更为神奇的是，人脸面对的大山犹如一只麒麟正回头倾听主人召唤。由于整个图案范围达40余平方公里，不太可能靠人力开凿，但它究竟是是怎么形成的，却无人得知。
“人脸”不仅地球上有，火星也有它的踪迹。上世纪70年代，美国宇航局“海盗1号”太空船就曾拍摄到一张酷似人脸的火星表面照片，立刻引发了人们对火星人及地外文明的遐想。虽然后来证明这与地外文明无关，但形似人脸的火星山岩仍令不少人痴迷。
人脸昆虫
山形如脸已经很罕见了，而昆虫身上的“人脸”图案更令人惊叹。
日本甲壳虫是这方面的典型，有些背面图案犹如人脸卡通画。要是从正面看，像一位长了胡子的日本武士；反过来看，又像是一位发型时尚、留着胡子的中年男子，令人忍俊不禁。
其实，这种甲壳虫在西双版纳也有发现，而在广东汕尾，人们还曾发现过一只“人脸”蜘蛛。蜘蛛背上的人脸不仅五官俱全，眉毛和头发都清晰可辨，整体看去，犹如一张京剧脸谱，着实令人喜爱。
不过，人脸昆虫中也有令人望而生畏的形象，“死亡头骨鹰蛾”就是其中之一。这种在惊悚片《沉默的羔羊》中才得见的飞蛾，在自然界确实存在。而它背部恐怖的骷髅图案，却是为了吓阻天敌自然演化产生的。
水中人脸
除了陆地生物形似人脸外，水中生物竟也有“模仿秀”。
在深圳妈湾发电厂，人们就曾发现一只外形酷似人脸的怪鱼。这只小鱼有鸵鸟蛋大小，身上布满硬刺，有两只水汪汪的大眼睛，显得十分可爱。据专家辨认，这是1种鲀形目的河豚，生气时会胀得像皮球，遇到危险会装死。不过硬刺有毒，要特别小心。
日本坛浦地区，还盛产1种背纹酷似武士脸谱的平氏螃蟹。原来，这里曾是日本中古时代平氏和源氏坛浦战役的故地。当地人深信，战败的平氏武士的灵魂附在螃蟹身上，变成了奇异的脸谱螃蟹。但科学家们认为，当地渔民的信仰导致他们不断放生脸谱螃蟹，使之获得遗传优势，从而促进了它们朝“脸谱”的进化。
自然界_自然界 -自然现象
多自然现象仍是1个谜团，科学家尚无法准确解释其间的神秘，同时这些奇特的自然现象却极具魅力，释放出地球大自然所独有的绚丽。以下是全球10大最壮观的神秘自然现象——绚丽多彩的北极光、预示恶劣天气的乳房云、像冰矛一样的融凝冰柱等。
北极光
毋庸置疑的讲，北极光是地球上最美丽的景色之一，自从人们发现北极光现象之后就被该现象的神秘和美丽所深深吸引。通常北极光发生于太阳释放高能带电粒子，这些带电粒子以每秒300－1200公里的速度从太空释放出来，这些带电粒子形成的云状结构叫做等离子区。从太阳释放出来的等离子流叫做太阳风。当太阳风与地球磁场边缘发生接触，一些带电粒子被地球磁场所捕获，它们沿着磁力线进入地球电离层，电离层地球表面向空中延伸60-600公里的大气层部分。当带电粒子与电离层中的气体碰撞就开始发亮，产生壮丽绚丽的景色，这种美妙的极光现象还出现在南极地区。
乳房云
乳房云也被称为乳房积云，它是由无数个袋状下垂云状结构组合在云层底部，它主要是由冰物质构成，可以沿着任何1个方向沿伸数百英里，然而一些乳房云结构可保持静止不变10－15分钟。每当乳房云出现就预示着恶劣天气的到来，它经常是暴风雨或其他恶劣天气来袭的前兆。
自然界_自然界 -自然历史
19世纪自然科学与辩证唯物主义自然观
18世纪下半叶至19世纪，自然科学从搜集经验材料的阶段进入系统整理这些材料和理论概括的阶段，在天文学、地质学、物理学、化学、生物学等各个领域涌现出一系列重大发现。特别是由于物理学的两次重大的理论综合（能量守恒与转化定律和电磁转化理论的建立）和生物学的两次重大的理论综合（细胞学说和生物进化论的建立），深刻地揭示了自然界的普遍联系和发展的辩证性质，从而使辩证唯物主义自然观取代机械唯物主义自然观成为历史的必然。马克思恩格斯科学地总结了当时自然科学的最新成就，继承了古希腊自然观中的辩证法观点，克服了机械唯物主义自然观的形而上学性质，批判地汲取了德国古典自然哲学思想特别是黑格尔的辩证法思想，创立了辩证唯物主义的自然观。它的观点是唯物主义的，即认为：自然界是客观存在的；它是我们人类即自然界的产物本身赖以生长的基础；在自然界和人以外，不存在任何东西。它的方法是辩证的，即认为：整个自然界是1个普遍联系和相互作用的整体，它在永恒的流动和循环中运动着；自然界的一切现象都是矛盾的统一体，它们既是对立的，又是统一的，并且在一定条件下相互转化，由此推动着自然界的运动和发展；自然界各种运动形式的相互转化过程"是1个伟大的基本过程，对自然的全部认识都综合于对这个过程的认识中"。它的基本原理是：自然界是物质的，物质结构的层次是无限的，物质处于永恒的运动中，运动无论在量上还是在质上都是不灭的，时间和空间是物质运动的基本形式，自然界的运动是有规律的。辩证唯物主义自然观的创立，意味着凌驾于自然科学之上的、思辨地构造体系的自然哲学的终结。它无论对于马克思主义学说的完善，对于马克思主义哲学的发展，还是对于自然科学哲学问题的研究、促进科学技术的进步，都具有重要的意义。
自然界与人类社会的关系：自然界就好比面包边缘的奶油，而人类社会是面包，社会单指科技、人文、绿化、竞争、商业，是虚的东西，自然界是实的东西。
四 : 高一英语第十七单元Nature (自然界与动物保护)
科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 high1 uint17.1.doc
标题 Unit 17 Nature (自然界与动物保护)
章节 第十七单元
关键词
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
同学们将通过本单元的阅读课文“Milu Deer Return To China”, 深刻认识并了解保护野生动物的重要意义。
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ.词汇学习
四会单词和词组：at present , nature , common , recently , alive , year by year , greatly , one day , sick
三会单词和词组：increase , similar , equipment , disappear , period , research , protect , paint , deer , performance , put on performance , one after another
Ⅱ. 交际英语
目的、意图、同意和祝愿
1. Why are you making this journey ?
2. We are trying to collect the memory for a wildlife project .
3. We want to do … so that …
4. What is the purpose of your new project ?
5. We want to do … very much .
6. That sounds a great idea .
7. Good luck with your trip !
Ⅲ. 语法学习
在本单元，同学们要理解并初步掌握现在进行时被动语态的用法。现在进行时的被动语态是由“由be的现在式 （am , is , are ） + being + 过去分词”构成。现在进行时的被动语态是表示“某人或者某事此时正在被……”。如：A teaching building is being built in our school .
【指点迷津】
单元重点词汇点拨
1. deer鹿
I saw four deer in the forest .
〖点拨〗deer的单复数一样。单复数形式一样的名词还有：sheep , aircraft , police , cattle等。
2. increase增加；繁殖
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world .
The number of tourists has increased . =Tourists have increased in number .
〖点拨〗增加了百分之几常用介词by连接。The population of this town increased by five percent last year .
另外，on the increase是“不断增加，正在增加中”。如：Traffic accidents in cities are on the increase this month .
3.similar类似的
The two of them are similar in character .
A cat is similar to a tiger in many ways .
〖点拨〗be similar to与……相似。又如：Gold is similar in colour to brass (铜) 。
4. recently近来
The recently completed , 35-story , four-star hotel is the tallest building in the city .
〖点拨〗recently在句中时，句子常用现在完成时。如：Have you been very busy recently ?
5. alive活着的；存在的
Who’s the greatest man alive ?
〖点拨〗alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives 这些词都有“活着”之意，它们的用法各不相同。
1）alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。虽有死的可能，但还活着。例如：
The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital .
He is dead , but his dog is still alive . 他死了，但他的狗仍然还活着。
No man alive is greater than he . 在活着的人中没有人比他更伟大了。(注：此时 alive 含有“在所有活着的……之中”)
He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想让鱼活着。
2）living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：
Comrade Wang is really a living Lei Feng in our country .
My first teacher is still living . 我的启蒙老师仍健在。
English is a living language . 英语的活的语言。
A living language should be learned through listening and speaking .
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present . 他被认为是当代活着的最好的作家之一。
注意：living 前加上 the , 表示类别，指“活着的人们”。例如：
The living must finish the work of those dead . 活着的人必须完成那些死去的人的事业。
living 还可用于短语，例如：make a living 谋生。
3）live “活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如：
a live wire 有电的电线，a live fish 一条活鱼。
Do you like a live show or a recorded show ? 你是喜欢直播还是录音 。
He said he had seen a live whale . 他说他看见过活鲸鱼。
make a / one's living by + ing 通过干……谋生
4）lively 则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如：
Jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。
Everything is lively here . 这儿一切都生机勃勃。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting . 他有一种奇特的方法，使他的课生动有趣。
5）life 是名词作生命可数，作生活不可数。其复数是 lives 。类似把 -fe 变为 -ves 的还有：wife , shelf , leaf , half , loaf , thief , knife , wolf , self .
I prefer country life to city life .
These children are full of life . 这些孩子充满火力。
Many people lost their lives in the accident .
all one's life 一生 ，true to life 栩栩如生，in one's life 在……的一生中，come back to life 苏醒过来，live / lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活。
单元词组思维运用
1. make a trip to到……旅行
They are leaving tomorrow to make a trip to Hangzhou .
注意：“去……旅行”还可以用take a trip , have a trip , go on a trip , make a journey 。
2. collect money for=raise money for 为……筹集资金；为……募捐
These Young Pioneers are trying to collect money for a wildlife protect .
3. put on performances演出
You have put on a fine performance .
The performance put on by the senior class was a dance .
4. at present=for the time being 目前；现在；如今
How many research center are there at present for milu deer in China ?
5. do with处理；对待
What do people plan to do with the milu deer in future ?
注意：do with常与what连接使用，deal with常与how连接使用。
6. too many of太多的
Too many of the deer had been killed and they disappeared .
注意：so many和too many的顺序。too much修饰不可数名词。如：Too much of such rain will ruin the crop .
7. year by year年复一年
They liked the cool wet weather there and their number increased year by year .
We should do everything possible to enable the peasants to raise their personal incomes year by year .
注意由“名词 + by + 名词”的短语还有：step by step逐步地，two by two两个两个地，little by little逐步地。
8. south of =to the south of在……以南
The zoo is three miles south of the city . 动物园在城南三英里处。
Hunan Province lies to the north of Guangdong .
9. one day总有一天；有一天
该词组可以指过去，也可以指将来。但some day指将来。
One day last summer I made a trip to the country .
You will come to see the importance of English one day (=some day) .
10. in the wild在荒野；在旷野
These animals had to live in the wilds of northwest China .
11. once more =once again再次；重新
The facts showed once more that he was not interested in music .
12. one after another =one after the other =one by one 一个接一个；相继
The students left the theatre one after another after the play .
13. in the past year在过去的一年中
A lot of work has been done in the past year .
注意：类似的还有，in the past few years在过去的几年中，in the last few months在过去的几个月中。出现这样的短语时，句子常用完成时态。而in the past (在过去) 却需要使用过去时。
14. be similar to和……差不多，和……相近
If one thing is very similar to another thing , they look almost the same .
Cameras are similar to the human eye .
15. make a study of对……加以研究
She gave us some advice on how to make a study of teaching methods .
16. set free释放
The girl set the pretty birds free .
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1. at present ; at the present time ; for the present
〖明晰〗这三个短语近义，都可表示“目前；现在”。第一个中的 present 是名词，其前不用定冠词；第二个中的 present 是形容词 ( 意为“现在的 ) ；第三个中的 present 是名词，其前要用定冠词。at present 与 at the present time 通常可互换，而 for the present 侧重指“暂时”。如：At present there are not many milu deer in nature parks in China .
We use this tense to show that something is being done at the present time .
For the present we do not need that book , so please go on reading it yourself .
2 . one day ; some day ; the other day
〖明晰〗这三个短语都可表示“某一天”，但用法不同。
( 1 ) one day 可指过去或将来的某一天，some day 只能指将来的某一天，the other day 指过去 ( 不久前 ) 的某一天。如：
At all these centres it is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free and let them live in the wild again .
You'll be an engineer some day .
I met him the other day at the bus station .
( 2 ) 这三个短语通常作状语用，但 one day 间或能作主语用。如：
One day on the moon is as long as two weeks on the earth .
( 3 ) one day 不能连写成一个词。而 some day 有时可连写成 someday。如：
Someday we may drive cars that are run by electricity .
3 . greatly ; very ; much
〖明晰〗这组副词都可作“非常”解，主要区别是：
( 1 ) greatly 修饰动词或过去分词。如：
Since then the number of milu deer there has greatly increased .
( 2 ) very 修饰形容词和副词原级，不能修饰动词和 a - 形容词。如：
I think he's very old .
( 3 ) much 修饰动词、过去分词、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级。如：
We like it very much .
Now it is much easier to make plans for our trips .
当修饰过去分词时，much 有时可与 greatly 互换，但 greatly 的语气比较强。如：
He was greatly moved .
4. would like的用法
〖明晰〗would like 用以表示说话人委婉的愿望或请求。意为“希望，想要”等。其中 would
( 适用于各种人称 ) 可以换成 should ( 只限第一人称 ) 。在口语中，常用其缩略式“ 'd like”。其否定式为“主语 + shouldn't/wouldn't like + 其它”；其疑问式为“Would + 主语 + like + 其它 ? ”。would like 主要有如下四种结构：
1) would like +名词或代词。
— Would you like some coffee ? 你要些咖啡吗 ?
— Yes , please . 是的。
— Would you like another cup of tea ? 你还要一杯茶吗 ?
— No , thanks . 不要了，谢谢。
2) would like + 不定式。
— Would you like to have some rice ? 你要米饭吗 ?
— Yes , I'd like to . 是的，我要。
— Would you like to have some more beer ? 你还要些啤酒吗 ?
— No . thanks . I've had enough . 不要了，谢谢。我喝够了。
— Wound you like to go with me ? 你愿意和我一起去吗 ?
3) would like + 主语 + 不定式 ( 作宾补 ) 。
— Would you like something to drink now ? 你现在想喝些什么吗 ?
— I'd like a glass of beer . 我要一杯啤酒。
4) would like +不定式的完成式。
该结构含有责备或惋惜的意味。表示过去本该做某事但未能去做。
We'd like to have helped her . 我们本该帮助她。
You'd like to have gone there yesterday . 你昨天本该去那里。
5. Where are you travelling to , Gary ? 加里，你们打算到哪里旅行 ?
〖明晰〗该句用现在进行时表示将来，指按计划、安排在不久就要发生的动作，常用在口语中。常见的这类动词有 come , go , leave , arrive , get , start , travel , work , stay , try , fly , return 等。例如：How are you getting there ? 你们打算怎样到那里。
6 . Good luck with your trip ! 祝你们旅途好运 !
〖明晰〗Good luck . 是分手道别时的常用祝愿语，意为“祝幸运/平安/顺利”，其后常跟介词 to ( sb . ) 或 with ( sth . ) 。又如：
Good luck with your new job !
Good luck to you !
7 . Until recently , the only milu deer alive in the world belonged to …直到不久以前，世界上仅有的活着的麋鹿属于……
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) until recently 意为“直到不久以前；直到最近”，until 在此相当于 till , 其意思是“直到……为止”，可作介词或连词，until 在此为介词。作介词时，其后常跟表示时间的名词，也可跟副词。作连词时，引导一个时间状语从句。例如：
I taught in No . 58 Middle School of Zhengzhou until 1993 .
Father usually doesn't go to bed until very late . 爸爸通常很晚才睡觉。
( 2 ) alive 意为“活着的；在世的”，相当于 living 或 live ( adj . 活着的 ) ，它属于
表语形容词，即只在句中作表语，不作定语。但 alive 偶尔可以作定语，要放在它修饰的名词之后。例如：
Who is the greatest man alive in the world now ?
living 和 live 作定语时，需前置。例如：living thing 生物，live chicks 活鸡
8 . In fact , there are so many deer that some are being sent to nature reserves by environmentalists who would like to return them to the wild . 其实，现在这种麋鹿已经相当多了，有一些正在被送往那些愿意把麋鹿送回野外去的地方。
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) 该句是一个较为复杂的复合句，主句为…there are so many deer , that 引导的是结果状语从句，which 引导定语从句。
在这个 so…that 结构中，中心词是名词 deer，本应该用 such…that 结构，但因名词前有 many 修饰而用了 so…that 结构，此特殊用法需注意。
( 2 ) are being sent 是现在进行时的被动语态形式，表示“正在被送往”其中的 being 容易被误省。又如本课中的其它两句：
The life of the milu deer is being studied there .
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature park in Shishou in Hubei Province .
【妙文赏析】
Two Mistakes
For a long time Dr Smith had wanted to get a better job in a certain big modern hospital . He was appointed to a particular position which he wanted , and his wife moved to the house which they were now to live in . The next day some beautiful flowers were sent to them , with a note which said , “ Deepest sympathy (沉痛悼念). ” Naturally , Dr Smith was angrily to receive such an unusual mote , and telephoned the shop which had sent the flowers to find what the note meant .
When the owner of the shop heard what had happened , he apologize to Dr Smith for having made the mistake .
“ But what really worried me much more , ” he added , “ is that flowers which ought to have gone to you were sent to a person who had just died , with a card which said , ‘Congratulations on your new position . ’ ”
很久以来，史密斯医生一直想在某一家大型的现代化医院找一份比较锡样的工作，这一天终于盼来了。他被任命为他想干的特殊位置，而他的妻子也搬进了他们现在住的房子。第二天送来一些鲜花，里面夹着一张条子，上面写着： “ 沉痛悼念 ” 。
接到这样一张奇特的字条，史密斯医生自然很生气，于是便给鲜花店打电话询问怎么回事。
当店老板听说发生的情况时，他忙向史密斯医生道歉，说是送错了。
“ 但真的使我更担心的是， ” 他补充道， “ 本应该送到你那里的鲜花却送给了一个刚死的人，鲜花里面夹着一张卡片，上面写着：‘祝贺你搬迁新居。’ ”
【思维体操】
British public libraries were linked by computers . If1.
your nearest library in London doesn't have the book you want2.
to borrow it , a librarian will go on-line to see whether any of3.
the other nearby libraries have . If no library has the book in4.
store , the librarian will search for further , connecting 5.
library in other cities like Manchester . If a copy of the book6.
has found , arrangements will be made for it to be sent to your7.
library , and within a day and two , you'll be able to check it8.
out . It's also possible for readers to lend books from9.
university or college libraries even if we are not students .10.
答案：1. were → are 2. 对 3. 去it 4. has 后加it 5. 去for 6. library → libraries 7. has 后加been 8. 第二个and → or 9. lend → borrow 10. we → you
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
一、现在进行时的被动语态
〖思维〗1. 现在进行时的被动语态结构。
I am/ He / She is/ You / We / They are + being done .
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature . 更多的糜鹿正被往一所新建的大天然公园迁移。
2. 现在进行时的被动语态的用法。
A . 表示一个正在进行的被动动作即某件事情现在正在被做。例如：
The water is being turned into vapour . 水正在变成蒸汽。
The question is being discussed at the meeting now . 现在会上正在讨论这个问题。
B . 表示在现阶段进行被动动作，但不一定发生在说话的这一时刻。例如：
The bridge is being repaired .那座桥正在修复之中。(可指“正在讲话的同时”，也可指“目前”。)
She's being taught English . 有人在教她英语。(在说话时，也许根本没人教她。)
［注］现在进行时的被动语态有时可与情态动词连用。如：
I know Mark was going to have an interview sometime this afternoon . He may be being interviewed at this very moment . 我知道马克今天下午什么时候有面试。他此刻也许正在接受面试哩。
练习：
A . 把下列句子变成被动语态。
1 . Mr Smith is driving a car .
2 . The teacher is scolding (批评) me .
3 . They are painting the houses .
B . 单项选择。
4 . — Have you moved into the new house ?
— Not yet . The rooms ____ .
A . are being painted B . are painting C . are painted D . are being painting
5 . I ____ English for five years now .
A . was studying B . have been studying C . studied D . am studying
6 . The blood ____ now .
A . is tested B . is being testing C . is being tested D . has been testing
7 . The new lake ____ in the park , so many workers are working there .
A . is made B . has been being made C . is being making D . is being made
8 . In some parts of the world , tea ____ with milk and sugar .
A . is serving B . is served C . serves D . served
答案：1. A car is being driven by Mr Smith . 2. I am bing scolded by the teacher . 3. The houses are being painted . 4 — 8 ABCDB
二、enough 与高考
Ⅰ . enough 作副词用时，可修饰形容词、副词和动词。修饰形容词、副词时，enough 应后置。
Helicopters were sent to rescue them , but it was impossible for them to get close enough .
When they reached the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped .
You don't practise enough at the piano .
I with you'd write clearly enough for us to read it .
Ⅱ . enough 作形容词用时，修饰复数名词和不可数名词，习惯置于名词之前。
Have you made enough copies ?
I'll get enough money to pay for a taxi .
当 enough 和形容词一起位于名词之前时，要注意辨别 enough 的词性以及对语义的影响。比较：
1 . a) I haven't found enough big nails to mend the cupboard . 我还没找到足够的大钉子来修碗柜。
b) I haven't found big enough nails to mend the cupboard . 我还没找到足够大的钉子来修碗柜。
a) 句中的 enough 是形容词，修饰 nails，强调钉子的数量。b)句中的 enough 是副词，修饰 big，强调钉子的大小。
2 . a) Is there enough hot water for me to have a bath ? 有足够的热水让我洗个澡吗 ?
b) Is there hot enough water for me to have a bath ? 有足够热的水让我洗个澡吗 ?
a) 句中的 enough 是形容词。修饰 water , 强调数量；b)句中的 enough 是副词，修饰 hot , 强调水的温度。
下面请看 NMET1998 — 11题。
If I had _______ , I'd visit Europe , stopping at all the small interesting places .
A . a long enough holiday B . an enough long holiday
C . a holiday enough long D . a long holiday enough
选项A中的 enough 是副词，修饰 long，强调程度，符合句意，故是最佳句意，故是最佳答案。B中的 enough 是形容词，不能修饰单数可数名词，故不选。选项C、D的语序不对，也不可选。
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
一、单项选择
1. It takes a lot of to put on a school play such as Hamlet .
A. arrangement B. composition C. organization D. programme
2. I have never seen such a big of feet !
A. size B. pair C. set D. couple
3. You have no how worried I was .
A. idea B. thought C. opinion D. mind
4. Can you give me any as to how I can improve my English ?
A. notice B. explanation C. suggestion D. information
5. What's the , John ? I think it's two to one .
A. mark B. price C. tax D. score
6. When you have reached a higher , you'll be able to talk in English more freely .
A. place B. rank C. level D. mark
7. She bought some lovely to make herself a dress .
A. material B. clothing C. cloths D. pattern
8. Grandfather's back was bent with .
A. year B. old C. age D. day
9. The on the blackboard reads : Everyone should be present at the meeting .
A. warning B. notice C. record D. word
10. Don't take of the mistakes made by your fellow-workers .
A. possibility B. interest C. occasion D. advantage
11. I don't want to go into the sea . I'd rather lie on the .
A. coast B. beach C. bank D. seaside
12. It's your that we missed the wonderful lecture .
A. fault B. mistake C. problem D. trouble
13. He had a good of the examination result when he saw his daughter's face .
A. report B. thought C. idea D. news
14. When my new car broke down the put it right free of charge .
A. makers B. markers C. builders D. shoppers
15. They took no of what he said .
A. warning B. attention C. notice D. regard
16. After the of the climbers , the police were thanked for their work .
A. rescue B. freedom C. help D. safety
17. The of the poetry competition will be known today .
A. decision B. result C. effect D. choice
18. The visit of the president will increase the between the two countries .
A. understanding B. peace C. knowledge D. information
19. It wasn't an accident . He did it on .
A. time B. determination C. purpose D. holiday
20. There is no of rain , not a cloud in the sky .
A. mark B. sign C. possible D. probable
21. More than one hundred boats turned over and sank to the of the Suez Canal ,
A. base B. depth C. ground D. bottom
22. There's a 20-minute parking here , so we must get back to the car very quickly .
A. freedom B. limit C. permission D. ability
23. Things went well for him during his early life but in middle age his seemed to change .
A. chance B. luck C. appearance D. business
24. He fell in love with her at first .
A. view B. scene C. sight D. look
25.— Where is the new dictionary ?
— It's on the top shelf , out of .
A. reach B. order C. touch D. sight
26. His aunt left him with a large when she died .
A. interest B. fortune C. money D. pound
27. After two hours of hard fighting , the southern army won the .
A. attack B. force C. war D. battle
28. These football players had no strict until they joined our club .
A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training
29. His sister was full of for the way he had so quickly learned to drive a car .
A. pride B. admiration C. surprise D. jealousy (妒忌) .
30. The car was repaired but not quite to the owner's .
A. joy B. satisfaction C. pleasure D. attraction
31. My parents often say to me , “Be honest boy today and useful man tomorrow ! ”
A. a ; a B. an ; an C. an ; a D. a ; an
32. He was elected headmaster of First High School .
A. the ; the B. 不填 ; the C. a ; the D. the ; 不填
33. The two books are of size .
A. a same B. a similar C. the similar D. same
34. — What musical instrument do you play ?
— .
A. Violin B. A violin C. One violin D. The violin
35. — What does “how time flies ”mean ?
— What fun ! You're asking me such a simple question .
A. the ; a B. A ; the C. the ; 不填 D. 不填 ; 不填
36. Don't forget there is “s”in word “island”.
A. an ; the B. A ; the C. the ; the D. the ; 不填
37. Katharine is older of sisters .
A. the ; the B. the ; the two C. 不填 ; the D. 不填 ; the two
38. The kind mother will go to prison once a year to see her son who is in prison for crime (犯罪) .
A. the ; the B. A ; a C. 不填 ; the D. the ; 不填
39. You can see 18-storey tall tower standing by Yellow River .
A. A ; the B. an ; the C. the ; 不填 D. 不填 ; the
40. dancer and singer is to attend the evening party .
A. The ; 不填 B. The ; a C. The ; the D. A ; a
41. Is Russia European country or Asian country ?
A. an ; a B. an ; an C. the ; the D. a ; an
42. classmate of mine was hit on head by a naughty boy a couple of days ago .
A. The ; the B. A ; his C. A ; the D. One ; his
43. I usually play violin after great supper .
A. The ; the B. the ; 不填 C. the ; a D. 不填 ; a
44. This is as that he told yesterday .
A. as a frightening story B. a story as frightening
C. a frightening story D. as frightening a story
45. If there were no examinations , we should have at school .
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
46. I'll look into the matter as soon as possible . Just have a little .
A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest
47. Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in thirteenth century .
A. the ; 不填 B. the ; the C. 不填 ；the D. 不填 ； 不填
48. If by any chance someone comes to see me , ask them to leave a .
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
49. — Have you seen pen ? I left it here this morning .
— Is it black one ? I think I saw it somewhere .
A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a
50. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into .
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
51. — Where's Jack ?
— I think he's still in bed , but he might just be in bathroom .
A. 不填 ; 不填 B. the ; the C. the ; 不填 D. 不填 ; the
52. We have missed the last bus . I'm afraid we have no but to take a taxi .
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
53. Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in international trade today .
A. a ; 不填 B. the ; a C. the ; the D. 不填 ；the
54. He dropped the and broke it .
A. cup of coffee B. coffee's cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
55. Beyond stars , the astronauts saw nothing but space .
A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. 不填 ; 不填 D. the ; the
56. Here's my card . Let's keep in .
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
57. Wouldn't be wonderful world if all nations lived in peace with one another ?
A. a ; 不填 B. the ; 不填 C. a ; the D. the ; the
58. He gained his by printing of famous writers .
A. wealth ; work B. wealths ; works C. wealths ; work D. wealth ; works
59. She is newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries .
A. the ; the B. the ; 不填 C. a ; 不填 D. a ; the
60. You'll find this map of great in helping you to get round London .
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
【创新园地】
下面是某处合资企业刊登在昨天China Daily上的一则招聘广告。
Office secretary , with experience in bookkeeping , typewriting , public relations , operating PC(personal computer). Address , age , health and education , A518 , Charlie Office
请根据广告中所提出的招聘职务、应聘条件和你自己的简要情况，用100个左右的单词写一封自荐信。
联系地址：A518。假定你的名字是李华，通讯处是滨海市845信箱(P.O. Box845)。写信日期为2000年2月9日。注意书信格式。
（请同学们写好后把答案反馈给我们）
【创新园地】答案
P．O． Box 745
Binhai City
February 9 , 2000
A 518
Charlie Office
Gentleman ,
I have read your advertisement in yesterday’s China Daily . I feel I will be fit for the job needed in your company .
I am thirty years old and in good health . After graduation from a middle school , I taught myself English for two years . I studied bookkeeping , typewriting and public relations . I’m good at both operating PC and English in listening and speaking . I’m interested in the position of a secretary .
I want very much to be accepted by your company . I’ll work hard if I can be a member in your company .
I’m looking forward to your reply .
Sincerely yours
Li Hua
高中英语第 1 册
Unit 17 Nature (自然界与动物保护)
教法建议
学海导航
智能显示
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
同学们将通过本单元的阅读课文“Milu Deer Return To China”, 深刻认识并了解保护野生动物的重要意义。
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ.词汇学习
四会单词和词组：at present , nature , common , recently , alive , year by year , greatly , one day , sick
三会单词和词组：increase , similar , equipment , disappear , period , research , protect , paint , deer , performance , put on performance , one after another
Ⅱ. 交际英语
目的、意图、同意和祝愿
1. Why are you making this journey ?
2. We are trying to collect the memory for a wildlife project .
3. We want to do … so that …
4. What is the purpose of your new project ?
5. We want to do … very much .
6. That sounds a great idea .
7. Good luck with your trip !
Ⅲ. 语法学习
在本单元，同学们要理解并初步掌握现在进行时被动语态的用法。现在进行时的被动语态是由“由be的现在式 （am , is , are ） + being + 过去分词”构成。现在进行时的被动语态是表示“某人或者某事此时正在被……”。如：A teaching building is being built in our school .
【指点迷津】
单元重点词汇点拨
1. deer鹿
I saw four deer in the forest .
〖点拨〗deer的单复数一样。单复数形式一样的名词还有：sheep , aircraft , police , cattle等。
2. increase增加；繁殖
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world .
The number of tourists has increased . =Tourists have increased in number .
〖点拨〗增加了百分之几常用介词by连接。The population of this town increased by five percent last year .
另外，on the increase是“不断增加，正在增加中”。如：Traffic accidents in cities are on the increase this month .
3.similar类似的
The two of them are similar in character .
A cat is similar to a tiger in many ways .
〖点拨〗be similar to与……相似。又如：Gold is similar in colour to brass (铜) 。
4. recently近来
The recently completed , 35-story , four-star hotel is the tallest building in the city .
〖点拨〗recently在句中时，句子常用现在完成时。如：Have you been very busy recently ?
5. alive活着的；存在的
Who’s the greatest man alive ?
〖点拨〗alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives 这些词都有“活着”之意，它们的用法各不相同。
1）alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。虽有死的可能，但还活着。例如：
The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital .
He is dead , but his dog is still alive . 他死了，但他的狗仍然还活着。
No man alive is greater than he . 在活着的人中没有人比他更伟大了。(注：此时 alive 含有“在所有活着的……之中”)
He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想让鱼活着。
2）living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：
Comrade Wang is really a living Lei Feng in our country .
My first teacher is still living . 我的启蒙老师仍健在。
English is a living language . 英语的活的语言。
A living language should be learned through listening and speaking .
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present . 他被认为是当代活着的最好的作家之一。
注意：living 前加上 the , 表示类别，指“活着的人们”。例如：
The living must finish the work of those dead . 活着的人必须完成那些死去的人的事业。
living 还可用于短语，例如：make a living 谋生。
3）live “活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如：
a live wire 有电的电线，a live fish 一条活鱼。
Do you like a live show or a recorded show ? 你是喜欢直播还是录音 。
He said he had seen a live whale . 他说他看见过活鲸鱼。
make a / one's living by + ing 通过干……谋生
4）lively 则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如：
Jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。
Everything is lively here . 这儿一切都生机勃勃。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting . 他有一种奇特的方法，使他的课生动有趣。
5）life 是名词作生命可数，作生活不可数。其复数是 lives 。类似把 -fe 变为 -ves 的还有：wife , shelf , leaf , half , loaf , thief , knife , wolf , self .
I prefer country life to city life .
These children are full of life . 这些孩子充满火力。
Many people lost their lives in the accident .
all one's life 一生 ，true to life 栩栩如生，in one's life 在……的一生中，come back to life 苏醒过来，live / lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活。
单元词组思维运用
1. make a trip to到……旅行
They are leaving tomorrow to make a trip to Hangzhou .
注意：“去……旅行”还可以用take a trip , have a trip , go on a trip , make a journey 。
2. collect money for=raise money for 为……筹集资金；为……募捐
These Young Pioneers are trying to collect money for a wildlife protect .
3. put on performances演出
You have put on a fine performance .
The performance put on by the senior class was a dance .
4. at present=for the time being 目前；现在；如今
How many research center are there at present for milu deer in China ?
5. do with处理；对待
What do people plan to do with the milu deer in future ?
注意：do with常与what连接使用，deal with常与how连接使用。
6. too many of太多的
Too many of the deer had been killed and they disappeared .
注意：so many和too many的顺序。too much修饰不可数名词。如：Too much of such rain will ruin the crop .
7. year by year年复一年
They liked the cool wet weather there and their number increased year by year .
We should do everything possible to enable the peasants to raise their personal incomes year by year .
注意由“名词 + by + 名词”的短语还有：step by step逐步地，two by two两个两个地，little by little逐步地。
8. south of =to the south of在……以南
The zoo is three miles south of the city . 动物园在城南三英里处。
Hunan Province lies to the north of Guangdong .
9. one day总有一天；有一天
该词组可以指过去，也可以指将来。但some day指将来。
One day last summer I made a trip to the country .
You will come to see the importance of English one day (=some day) .
10. in the wild在荒野；在旷野
These animals had to live in the wilds of northwest China .
11. once more =once again再次；重新
The facts showed once more that he was not interested in music .
12. one after another =one after the other =one by one 一个接一个；相继
The students left the theatre one after another after the play .
13. in the past year在过去的一年中
A lot of work has been done in the past year .
注意：类似的还有，in the past few years在过去的几年中，in the last few months在过去的几个月中。出现这样的短语时，句子常用完成时态。而in the past (在过去) 却需要使用过去时。
14. be similar to和……差不多，和……相近
If one thing is very similar to another thing , they look almost the same .
Cameras are similar to the human eye .
15. make a study of对……加以研究
She gave us some advice on how to make a study of teaching methods .
16. set free释放
The girl set the pretty birds free .
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1. at present ; at the present time ; for the present
〖明晰〗这三个短语近义，都可表示“目前；现在”。第一个中的 present 是名词，其前不用定冠词；第二个中的 present 是形容词 ( 意为“现在的 ) ；第三个中的 present 是名词，其前要用定冠词。at present 与 at the present time 通常可互换，而 for the present 侧重指“暂时”。如：At present there are not many milu deer in nature parks in China .
We use this tense to show that something is being done at the present time .
For the present we do not need that book , so please go on reading it yourself .
2 . one day ; some day ; the other day
〖明晰〗这三个短语都可表示“某一天”，但用法不同。
( 1 ) one day 可指过去或将来的某一天，some day 只能指将来的某一天，the other day 指过去 ( 不久前 ) 的某一天。如：
At all these centres it is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free and let them live in the wild again .
You'll be an engineer some day .
I met him the other day at the bus station .
( 2 ) 这三个短语通常作状语用，但 one day 间或能作主语用。如：
One day on the moon is as long as two weeks on the earth .
( 3 ) one day 不能连写成一个词。而 some day 有时可连写成 someday。如：
Someday we may drive cars that are run by electricity .
3 . greatly ; very ; much
〖明晰〗这组副词都可作“非常”解，主要区别是：
( 1 ) greatly 修饰动词或过去分词。如：
Since then the number of milu deer there has greatly increased .
( 2 ) very 修饰形容词和副词原级，不能修饰动词和 a - 形容词。如：
I think he's very old .
( 3 ) much 修饰动词、过去分词、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级。如：
We like it very much .
Now it is much easier to make plans for our trips .
当修饰过去分词时，much 有时可与 greatly 互换，但 greatly 的语气比较强。如：
He was greatly moved .
4. would like的用法
〖明晰〗would like 用以表示说话人委婉的愿望或请求。意为“希望，想要”等。其中 would
( 适用于各种人称 ) 可以换成 should ( 只限第一人称 ) 。在口语中，常用其缩略式“ 'd like”。其否定式为“主语 + shouldn't/wouldn't like + 其它”；其疑问式为“Would + 主语 + like + 其它 ? ”。would like 主要有如下四种结构：
1) would like +名词或代词。
— Would you like some coffee ? 你要些咖啡吗 ?
— Yes , please . 是的。
— Would you like another cup of tea ? 你还要一杯茶吗 ?
— No , thanks . 不要了，谢谢。
2) would like + 不定式。
— Would you like to have some rice ? 你要米饭吗 ?
— Yes , I'd like to . 是的，我要。
— Would you like to have some more beer ? 你还要些啤酒吗 ?
— No . thanks . I've had enough . 不要了，谢谢。我喝够了。
— Wound you like to go with me ? 你愿意和我一起去吗 ?
3) would like + 主语 + 不定式 ( 作宾补 ) 。
— Would you like something to drink now ? 你现在想喝些什么吗 ?
— I'd like a glass of beer . 我要一杯啤酒。
4) would like +不定式的完成式。
该结构含有责备或惋惜的意味。表示过去本该做某事但未能去做。
We'd like to have helped her . 我们本该帮助她。
You'd like to have gone there yesterday . 你昨天本该去那里。
5. Where are you travelling to , Gary ? 加里，你们打算到哪里旅行 ?
〖明晰〗该句用现在进行时表示将来，指按计划、安排在不久就要发生的动作，常用在口语中。常见的这类动词有 come , go , leave , arrive , get , start , travel , work , stay , try , fly , return 等。例如：How are you getting there ? 你们打算怎样到那里。
6 . Good luck with your trip ! 祝你们旅途好运 !
〖明晰〗Good luck . 是分手道别时的常用祝愿语，意为“祝幸运/平安/顺利”，其后常跟介词 to ( sb . ) 或 with ( sth . ) 。又如：
Good luck with your new job !
Good luck to you !
7 . Until recently , the only milu deer alive in the world belonged to …直到不久以前，世界上仅有的活着的麋鹿属于……
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) until recently 意为“直到不久以前；直到最近”，until 在此相当于 till , 其意思是“直到……为止”，可作介词或连词，until 在此为介词。作介词时，其后常跟表示时间的名词，也可跟副词。作连词时，引导一个时间状语从句。例如：
I taught in No . 58 Middle School of Zhengzhou until 1993 .
Father usually doesn't go to bed until very late . 爸爸通常很晚才睡觉。
( 2 ) alive 意为“活着的；在世的”，相当于 living 或 live ( adj . 活着的 ) ，它属于
表语形容词，即只在句中作表语，不作定语。但 alive 偶尔可以作定语，要放在它修饰的名词之后。例如：
Who is the greatest man alive in the world now ?
living 和 live 作定语时，需前置。例如：living thing 生物，live chicks 活鸡
8 . In fact , there are so many deer that some are being sent to nature reserves by environmentalists who would like to return them to the wild . 其实，现在这种麋鹿已经相当多了，有一些正在被送往那些愿意把麋鹿送回野外去的地方。
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) 该句是一个较为复杂的复合句，主句为…there are so many deer , that 引导的是结果状语从句，which 引导定语从句。
在这个 so…that 结构中，中心词是名词 deer，本应该用 such…that 结构，但因名词前有 many 修饰而用了 so…that 结构，此特殊用法需注意。
( 2 ) are being sent 是现在进行时的被动语态形式，表示“正在被送往”其中的 being 容易被误省。又如本课中的其它两句：
The life of the milu deer is being studied there .
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature park in Shishou in Hubei Province .
【妙文赏析】
Two Mistakes
For a long time Dr Smith had wanted to get a better job in a certain big modern hospital . He was appointed to a particular position which he wanted , and his wife moved to the house which they were now to live in . The next day some beautiful flowers were sent to them , with a note which said , “ Deepest sympathy (沉痛悼念). ” Naturally , Dr Smith was angrily to receive such an unusual mote , and telephoned the shop which had sent the flowers to find what the note meant .
When the owner of the shop heard what had happened , he apologize to Dr Smith for having made the mistake .
“ But what really worried me much more , ” he added , “ is that flowers which ought to have gone to you were sent to a person who had just died , with a card which said , ‘Congratulations on your new position . ’ ”
很久以来，史密斯医生一直想在某一家大型的现代化医院找一份比较锡样的工作，这一天终于盼来了。他被任命为他想干的特殊位置，而他的妻子也搬进了他们现在住的房子。第二天送来一些鲜花，里面夹着一张条子，上面写着： “ 沉痛悼念 ” 。
接到这样一张奇特的字条，史密斯医生自然很生气，于是便给鲜花店打电话询问怎么回事。
当店老板听说发生的情况时，他忙向史密斯医生道歉，说是送错了。
“ 但真的使我更担心的是， ” 他补充道， “ 本应该送到你那里的鲜花却送给了一个刚死的人，鲜花里面夹着一张卡片，上面写着：‘祝贺你搬迁新居。’ ”
【思维体操】
British public libraries were linked by computers . If1.
your nearest library in London doesn't have the book you want2.
to borrow it , a librarian will go on-line to see whether any of3.
the other nearby libraries have . If no library has the book in4.
store , the librarian will search for further , connecting 5.
library in other cities like Manchester . If a copy of the book6.
has found , arrangements will be made for it to be sent to your7.
library , and within a day and two , you'll be able to check it8.
out . It's also possible for readers to lend books from9.
university or college libraries even if we are not students .10.
答案：1. were → are 2. 对 3. 去it 4. has 后加it 5. 去for 6. library → libraries 7. has 后加been 8. 第二个and → or 9. lend → borrow 10. we → you
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
一、现在进行时的被动语态
〖思维〗1. 现在进行时的被动语态结构。
I am/ He / She is/ You / We / They are + being done .
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature . 更多的糜鹿正被往一所新建的大天然公园迁移。
2. 现在进行时的被动语态的用法。
A . 表示一个正在进行的被动动作即某件事情现在正在被做。例如：
The water is being turned into vapour . 水正在变成蒸汽。
The question is being discussed at the meeting now . 现在会上正在讨论这个问题。
B . 表示在现阶段进行被动动作，但不一定发生在说话的这一时刻。例如：
The bridge is being repaired .那座桥正在修复之中。(可指“正在讲话的同时”，也可指“目前”。)
She's being taught English . 有人在教她英语。(在说话时，也许根本没人教她。)
［注］现在进行时的被动语态有时可与情态动词连用。如：
I know Mark was going to have an interview sometime this afternoon . He may be being interviewed at this very moment . 我知道马克今天下午什么时候有面试。他此刻也许正在接受面试哩。
练习：
A . 把下列句子变成被动语态。
1 . Mr Smith is driving a car .
2 . The teacher is scolding (批评) me .
3 . They are painting the houses .
B . 单项选择。
4 . — Have you moved into the new house ?
— Not yet . The rooms ____ .
A . are being painted B . are painting C . are painted D . are being painting
5 . I ____ English for five years now .
A . was studying B . have been studying C . studied D . am studying
6 . The blood ____ now .
A . is tested B . is being testing C . is being tested D . has been testing
7 . The new lake ____ in the park , so many workers are working there .
A . is made B . has been being made C . is being making D . is being made
8 . In some parts of the world , tea ____ with milk and sugar .
A . is serving B . is served C . serves D . served
答案：1. A car is being driven by Mr Smith . 2. I am bing scolded by the teacher . 3. The houses are being painted . 4 — 8 ABCDB
二、enough 与高考
Ⅰ . enough 作副词用时，可修饰形容词、副词和动词。修饰形容词、副词时，enough 应后置。
Helicopters were sent to rescue them , but it was impossible for them to get close enough .
When they reached the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped .
You don't practise enough at the piano .
I with you'd write clearly enough for us to read it .
Ⅱ . enough 作形容词用时，修饰复数名词和不可数名词，习惯置于名词之前。
Have you made enough copies ?
I'll get enough money to pay for a taxi .
当 enough 和形容词一起位于名词之前时，要注意辨别 enough 的词性以及对语义的影响。比较：
1 . a) I haven't found enough big nails to mend the cupboard . 我还没找到足够的大钉子来修碗柜。
b) I haven't found big enough nails to mend the cupboard . 我还没找到足够大的钉子来修碗柜。
a) 句中的 enough 是形容词，修饰 nails，强调钉子的数量。b)句中的 enough 是副词，修饰 big，强调钉子的大小。
2 . a) Is there enough hot water for me to have a bath ? 有足够的热水让我洗个澡吗 ?
b) Is there hot enough water for me to have a bath ? 有足够热的水让我洗个澡吗 ?
a) 句中的 enough 是形容词。修饰 water , 强调数量；b)句中的 enough 是副词，修饰 hot , 强调水的温度。
下面请看 NMET1998 — 11题。
If I had _______ , I'd visit Europe , stopping at all the small interesting places .
A . a long enough holiday B . an enough long holiday
C . a holiday enough long D . a long holiday enough
选项A中的 enough 是副词，修饰 long，强调程度，符合句意，故是最佳句意，故是最佳答案。B中的 enough 是形容词，不能修饰单数可数名词，故不选。选项C、D的语序不对，也不可选。
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
一、单项选择
1. It takes a lot of to put on a school play such as Hamlet .
A. arrangement B. composition C. organization D. programme
2. I have never seen such a big of feet !
A. size B. pair C. set D. couple
3. You have no how worried I was .
A. idea B. thought C. opinion D. mind
4. Can you give me any as to how I can improve my English ?
A. notice B. explanation C. suggestion D. information
5. What's the , John ? I think it's two to one .
A. mark B. price C. tax D. score
6. When you have reached a higher , you'll be able to talk in English more freely .
A. place B. rank C. level D. mark
7. She bought some lovely to make herself a dress .
A. material B. clothing C. cloths D. pattern
8. Grandfather's back was bent with .
A. year B. old C. age D. day
9. The on the blackboard reads : Everyone should be present at the meeting .
A. warning B. notice C. record D. word
10. Don't take of the mistakes made by your fellow-workers .
A. possibility B. interest C. occasion D. advantage
11. I don't want to go into the sea . I'd rather lie on the .
A. coast B. beach C. bank D. seaside
12. It's your that we missed the wonderful lecture .
A. fault B. mistake C. problem D. trouble
13. He had a good of the examination result when he saw his daughter's face .
A. report B. thought C. idea D. news
14. When my new car broke down the put it right free of charge .
A. makers B. markers C. builders D. shoppers
15. They took no of what he said .
A. warning B. attention C. notice D. regard
16. After the of the climbers , the police were thanked for their work .
A. rescue B. freedom C. help D. safety
17. The of the poetry competition will be known today .
A. decision B. result C. effect D. choice
18. The visit of the president will increase the between the two countries .
A. understanding B. peace C. knowledge D. information
19. It wasn't an accident . He did it on .
A. time B. determination C. purpose D. holiday
20. There is no of rain , not a cloud in the sky .
A. mark B. sign C. possible D. probable
21. More than one hundred boats turned over and sank to the of the Suez Canal ,
A. base B. depth C. ground D. bottom
22. There's a 20-minute parking here , so we must get back to the car very quickly .
A. freedom B. limit C. permission D. ability
23. Things went well for him during his early life but in middle age his seemed to change .
A. chance B. luck C. appearance D. business
24. He fell in love with her at first .
A. view B. scene C. sight D. look
25.— Where is the new dictionary ?
— It's on the top shelf , out of .
A. reach B. order C. touch D. sight
26. His aunt left him with a large when she died .
A. interest B. fortune C. money D. pound
27. After two hours of hard fighting , the southern army won the .
A. attack B. force C. war D. battle
28. These football players had no strict until they joined our club .
A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training
29. His sister was full of for the way he had so quickly learned to drive a car .
A. pride B. admiration C. surprise D. jealousy (妒忌) .
30. The car was repaired but not quite to the owner's .
A. joy B. satisfaction C. pleasure D. attraction
31. My parents often say to me , “Be honest boy today and useful man tomorrow ! ”
A. a ; a B. an ; an C. an ; a D. a ; an
32. He was elected headmaster of First High School .
A. the ; the B. 不填 ; the C. a ; the D. the ; 不填
33. The two books are of size .
A. a same B. a similar C. the similar D. same
34. — What musical instrument do you play ?
— .
A. Violin B. A violin C. One violin D. The violin
35. — What does “how time flies ”mean ?
— What fun ! You're asking me such a simple question .
A. the ; a B. A ; the C. the ; 不填 D. 不填 ; 不填
36. Don't forget there is “s”in word “island”.
A. an ; the B. A ; the C. the ; the D. the ; 不填
37. Katharine is older of sisters .
A. the ; the B. the ; the two C. 不填 ; the D. 不填 ; the two
38. The kind mother will go to prison once a year to see her son who is in prison for crime (犯罪) .
A. the ; the B. A ; a C. 不填 ; the D. the ; 不填
39. You can see 18-storey tall tower standing by Yellow River .
A. A ; the B. an ; the C. the ; 不填 D. 不填 ; the
40. dancer and singer is to attend the evening party .
A. The ; 不填 B. The ; a C. The ; the D. A ; a
41. Is Russia European country or Asian country ?
A. an ; a B. an ; an C. the ; the D. a ; an
42. classmate of mine was hit on head by a naughty boy a couple of days ago .
A. The ; the B. A ; his C. A ; the D. One ; his
43. I usually play violin after great supper .
A. The ; the B. the ; 不填 C. the ; a D. 不填 ; a
44. This is as that he told yesterday .
A. as a frightening story B. a story as frightening
C. a frightening story D. as frightening a story
45. If there were no examinations , we should have at school .
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
46. I'll look into the matter as soon as possible . Just have a little .
A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest
47. Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in thirteenth century .
A. the ; 不填 B. the ; the C. 不填 ；the D. 不填 ； 不填
48. If by any chance someone comes to see me , ask them to leave a .
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
49. — Have you seen pen ? I left it here this morning .
— Is it black one ? I think I saw it somewhere .
A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a
50. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into .
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
51. — Where's Jack ?
— I think he's still in bed , but he might just be in bathroom .
A. 不填 ; 不填 B. the ; the C. the ; 不填 D. 不填 ; the
52. We have missed the last bus . I'm afraid we have no but to take a taxi .
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
53. Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in international trade today .
A. a ; 不填 B. the ; a C. the ; the D. 不填 ；the
54. He dropped the and broke it .
A. cup of coffee B. coffee's cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
55. Beyond stars , the astronauts saw nothing but space .
A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. 不填 ; 不填 D. the ; the
56. Here's my card . Let's keep in .
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
57. Wouldn't be wonderful world if all nations lived in peace with one another ?
A. a ; 不填 B. the ; 不填 C. a ; the D. the ; the
58. He gained his by printing of famous writers .
A. wealth ; work B. wealths ; works C. wealths ; work D. wealth ; works
59. She is newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries .
A. the ; the B. the ; 不填 C. a ; 不填 D. a ; the
60. You'll find this map of great in helping you to get round London .
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
【创新园地】
下面是某处合资企业刊登在昨天China Daily上的一则招聘广告。
Office secretary , with experience in bookkeeping , typewriting , public relations , operating PC(personal computer). Address , age , health and education , A518 , Charlie Office
请根据广告中所提出的招聘职务、应聘条件和你自己的简要情况，用100个左右的单词写一封自荐信。
联系地址：A518。假定你的名字是李华，通讯处是滨海市845信箱(P.O. Box845)。写信日期为2000年2月9日。注意书信格式。
（请同学们写好后把答案反馈给我们）
【创新园地】答案
P．O． Box 745
Binhai City
February 9 , 2000
A 518
Charlie Office
Gentleman ,
I have read your advertisement in yesterday’s China Daily . I feel I will be fit for the job needed in your company .
I am thirty years old and in good health . After graduation from a middle school , I taught myself English for two years . I studied bookkeeping , typewriting and public relations . I’m good at both operating PC and English in listening and speaking . I’m interested in the position of a secretary .
I want very much to be accepted by your company . I’ll work hard if I can be a member in your company .
I’m looking forward to your reply .
Sincerely yours
Li Hua
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