一 : 2014年专升本英语试题及答案

2014年英语试题

Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points, 1 point each)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 7 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),

B), C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer.

1. A) To the bank. B) To a book store. C) To a shoe store. D) To the grocer’s.

2. A) Near the train station. B) In the countryside. C) In the city. D) Near the workplace

3. A) the choice of courses B) a day course C) an evening course D) their 1

work

4. A) The pear. B) The weather. C) The sea food. D) The cold.

5. A) George’s wife. B) George’s father. C) George’s brother D) George’s wife’s father.

6. A) She is pleased to lend him the car.

B) She refuses to lend him the car.

C) She agrees to lend him the car.

D) She offers him the car.

7. A ) Policeman and driver. B) Policeman and thief.

C) Teacher and pupil. D) Director

and actress.

Questions 8 to 10 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) Books a room. B) Reserves a room.

C) Confirms his reservation. D) Tells

the receptionist he has reserved a room.

9. A) On Tuesday. B) Probably on Thursday.

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C)Three days later. D) Probably seven days later.

10. A) At 7. B) At 7:30. C) At 8. D) At 6:30.

Questions 11 to 13 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

11. A) A conductor and a conductress. B)

A bus driver and a conductress.

C) The organizer of the race and a participant. D) A reporter and a conductress.

12. A) A day before the race. B) A day after the race.

C) Right after the race. D) A few hours after the race.

13. A) She won the first prize in the cycle race.

B) She bought the beautiful racing bicycle by collecting money.

C) She was taught to cycle when she was five.

D) She was the first conductress who 3

won a cycle race.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you’ll hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.

14. A) Courses in British history. B)

Language courses.

C) Courses in sports. D) Teacher

training courses.

15. A) To attract more students.

B) To make the courses suitable for

students of all levels.

C) To let the students have a good

rest.

D) To make the summer school more

like a holiday.

4

16. A) Because they all work very hard.

B) Because their teachers are all

native speakers of English.

C) Because they learn not only in but

also out of class.

D) Because they are all advanced

students.

Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

17. A) He was novelist. B) He was a playwright.

C) He was a poet. D) He was

an actor.

18. A) To visit his friends. B) To visit his family.

C) To attend the New York Film

Festival.

D) To help with the production of his

play by an American TV company

19. A) It was about an immigrant family from Pakistan to England.

B) It was about cultural differences

5

between Pakistan to England.

C) It was about the struggle of a

Pakistani youth in England.

D) It was about the miserable life of

the immigrants in England.

20. A) He missed his plane. B) The taxi driver overslept.

C) He heard a terrible accident

reported over the radio.

D) He would have been dead if he

hadn’t overslept.

Part II Vocabulary and Structure

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B ) , C ) and D ). Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through center.

21. The improvements in technology have ______the prices of computer considerably in recent months.

6

A) brought back B) brought down

C) brought on D) brought up

22. As the manager’s private secretary, Helen has easy ______ to all his correspondence.

A) access B) approach C) accent D) response

23. The editor asked his journalists not to _____ any details in their reports of the accident.

A) leave for B) leave on C) leave off D) leave out

24. The party had to be______because the host went down with a bad case of flu.

A) called in B) called off C) called on D) called up

25. Since his wife died, he has______ himself into the research work.

A) devoted B ) dedicated C) thrown D) contributed

26. He has spent all his life working with mentally______people.

7

A) disabled B ) diverged C) naked D) abolished

27. The road to the island only appears when the tide has______.

A) sprinkled B) receded C ) tilted D) diminished

28. Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to______the impact of the oil spill.

A) reject B) belittle C) minimize D) reclaim

29. I would always______buying a good quality car rather than a cheap one.

A) appreciate B ) approve C)

introduce D) recommend

30. I didn’ t know anything about any of the books so my choice was quite______.

A) arbitrary B ) obvious C) evident

D) fortunate

31. I followed her______but I still couldn’ t work out how to use the sewing machine.

A) description B ) introduction C)

8

instructions D) comments

32. Employees are______to join the company’s pension plan after a year’s service.

A) compelled B) acquired C)

responded D) regarded

33. She soon______the actor who had starred in the popular movie Speed.

A) specified B) realized C) justified D) identified

34. We collected hundreds of______in support of not allowing cars into the city centre.

A) signatures B) awareness C)

stationery D) statements

35. The young man struggled to ______where he was at the time the murder took place.

A) reflect B) respond C) resolve

D) recall

36. All the while he was terrified by the fear______he had cancer of the stomach. 9

A) which B) that C) what D) such

37. People found to their horror that two - thirds of the adult population in that area had ______AIDS.

A) contacted B ) contrasted C ) contracted D) compacted

38. Though faced with many difficulties, he would not______online learning.

A) give up B ) get through C) get by

D) give in

39. As National Day is round the corner, Shanghai is______a festive atmosphere.

A) looked on B ) involved in C ) bathed in D) surrounded with

40. He is so kind and easy-going that the kids go______him in a big way.

A) for B) to C) with D) off

41. She seemed to be aware of the delicacy of the situation and she was taking great care not to say anything to______her companion.

A) ignore B ) neglect C) charm D) 10

embarrass

42. The obvious unfairness of such poverty side by side with conspicuous affluence reminded them of their______parents back home.

A) vulnerable B ) destructive C)

critical D) sentimental

43. Writing a letter or reading a book may appear to be ______activities in which individuals exercise personal skills.

A) scarce B) sophisticated C) solitary

D) sincere

44. He took her hand and felt the scar on her thumb, ______of an accident with a kitchen knife in the early days of their marriage.

A) mode B) premise C) signature D) legacy

45. As each black creature______and flapped away into the graying sky, she watched it, tears in her eyes.

A) fluttered B) featured C) fussed D) 11

ferried

46. The moment seemed to______out endlessly, his gaze travelling across her face, her neck, her shoulder, returning to her eyes.

A) stretch B) expand C) skip D) slip

47. Although the poem contains such pessimistic overtones and pathetic acceptance of fate, there is hope to be found in the last two lines which seem to be______from the rest.

A) taken apart B ) set aside C ) set apart

D) fallen apart

48. His aim was to______pride in being black and to inspire black Americans to campaign for equal rights.

A) respond B) restore C) restrain D) retreat

49. A class is said rather vaguely to ______a group of persons sharing similar occupations and incomes, and as a consequence similar life-styles and beliefs. 12

A) consist of B) contrast with C ) contribute in D) composed of

50. The couple have tried hard to save their troubled marriage______their children.

A) in contrast to B) rather than C) for the sake of D) regardless of

Part III Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: There are 3 passages in this par. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Choose the correct answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

How much living space does a person need? What happens when his space requirements are not adequately met? Sociologists and psychologists are conducting experiments on rats to try to determine the effect of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have 13

shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have adequate living space, they eat well, sleep well, and reproduce well. However, if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior patterns and even their health perceptibly change. They cannot sleep or eat well, and signs of fear and tension become obvious. The more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus for rats, population and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is adequate space not only desirable, but also essential for human survival?

51. This passage is mainly about ______.

A) living space and behavior

B) population and living conditions

C) interesting experiments on rats

D) a natural law for human society

52. What is the purpose of the 14

experiments described in the passage?

A) To determine how much living space a rat needs.

B) To see what happens when rats live in a limited space.

C) To know the likely effects of inadequate living space on human beings.

D) To find out the relationship between population and living conditions.

53. How would rats behave when their living conditions become too crowded?

A) They eat a lot and become friendly to others.

B) They sleep little and act quite peacefully.

C) They eat little but sleep soundly.

D) They become nervous and tend to be war-like.

54. The passage suggests that overcrowded conditions ______.

A) are directly related with population

B) may cause an increase in violence

15

C) may lead to high birth rate

D) may bring about pollution problems Passage Two

Many people hope that the whole world will one day speak a common language. Over the Years, people have made up new languages with this aim. At least six hundred languages have been developed in the search for a language which all human beings would be able to speak. The most famous one, Esperanto ( 世界语) , was the idea of Ludwig Zamenhof, a doctor in Warsaw. He published a book about his new language in 1887.

To encourage people to learn the Language, he made it as simple as possible.

Esperanto has never been accepted as an official world language, but it has been suggested as an auxiliary language. By 1950 it had been taught to one and a half million speakers, and it was spoken in six hundred schools. Today Esperanto is 16

spoken by about eight million people, and more than one hundred newspapers and magazines in the language are published regularly throughout the world. Thousands of books have been written in Esperanto, including those translated from other languages.

Today the need for a new auxiliary language like Esperanto seems less obvious. Throughout this century English has grown more and more important. It has become a second language for many millions of people. The fact that more are learning English shows that the use of English is still growing worldwide. No one would deny the usefulness of world language, but not many people think that Esperanto is likely to play such a role.

55. Over the years, people have made up new languages in the hope that ______.

A) all people will be able to speak a common language

17

B) people will learn a foreign language better

C) people can understand each other better

D) people will be able to speak several languages

56. Zamenhof made the language as simple as possible because ______.

A) he wanted people to learn it quickly

B) he hoped more and more people would be willing to learn it

C) he wanted everyone to speak it without any difficulty

D) he hoped it would be accepted as an official world language

57. Which of the following is NOT true of English?

A) It is widely taught in schools.

B) It has become a second language for many millions of people.

C) Many books have been written in English.

D) It is less popular than Esperanto.

18

58. What is the best title of the passage?

A) The language made by one man.

B) A talk about the world language.

C) English as a second language for everyone.

D) Esperanto—a better language than English.

Passage Three

After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had news to report: The damage and death toll could have been much worse.

More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25 ,000 victims.

Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a. m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have 19

strengthened the city ’ s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.

Despite the good news, civil engineers aren’t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake - resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.

In the past, making structures quake - resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. 20

When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

59. One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low was that ______.

A) new computers had been installed in the buildings

B) it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways

C) large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday

D) improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways

60. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to ______.

A) counterbalance an earthquake’s action on the building

21

B) predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracy

C) help strengthen the foundation of the building

D) measure the impact of an earthquake’ s vibrations

61. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on ______.

A) the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction

B) the development of flexible building materials

C) the reduction of the impact of ground vibrations

D) early forecasts of earthquakes

62. The main purpose of this passage is mostly to______.

A) compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U. S.

B) encourage civil engineers to make 22

extensive use of computers

C) outline the history of the development of quake - resistant building materials

D) report new developments in constructing quake - resistant building Section B

Directions; Match the Chinese sentences in the left column with the English in the right column, mark the corresponding letter on the Answer with a single line

23

24

25

Part IV Translation Section A

Directions: Put the following sentences into Chinese. All of them are taken from the passages you have just read.

71. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space.

_______________________________________________________________________________

72. At least six hundred languages have been developed in the search for a language which all human beings would 26

be able to speak.

_______________________________________________________________________________

73. Throughout this century English has grown more and more important. It has become a second language for many millions of people.

_______________________________________________________________________________

74. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25, 000 victims.

_______________________________________________________________________________

75. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.

____________________________________________________________________ 27

___________

Section B Directions: Put the following sentences into English.

76. 我过去常常浪费很多时间玩游戏。 _______________________________________________________________________________

77. 理论上说，你的计划听上去不错，但实际上行得通吗？

_______________________________________________________________________________

78. 小女孩的歌声给老人带来了欢乐，帮住他忍受住种种生活的艰辛。

_______________________________________________________________________________

79. 这个倔强的男孩不愿意听从父母的忠告。

_______________________________________________________________________________

28

80. 只要你一辈子不停地努力工作，你在回忆往事时就会感到心满意足的。

_______________________________________________________________________________

Part V Writing

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Games. You should write at least 1 20 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.

1. 现在有一些大学生沉迷于网络游戏，家长和学校对此甚为担忧；

2. 有人认为网络游戏并不是一无是处。

3. 对此你的看法是….

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

29

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Answers:

Part II.

21—30 BADBC ABCDA 31—40 CADAD BCACA 41—50 DABDA ACBAC

Part III. Reading Comprehension

51—54 ACDB 55—58 ABDB 59—62 DACD

63—70 DACBBCDA

Part IV Translation

71. 最近的研究已经表明，老鼠的行为极大的受到空间的影响。

72. 至少六百种语言被探索，为了寻求一个全人类都可以使用的语言。

30

73. 在本世纪，英语已经变得越来越重要；它已经成为数以百万计人们的第二语言。

74. 相比之下，在1988年发生于美国的一次具有相同等级的地震造成25,000丧生。

75. 新型设计应该是经常发生地震的城市更加安全。

76. I used to waste a lot of time playing games.

77. Your plan sounds great in theory, but will it work in practice?

78. The little girl’s songs brought sunshine/ happiness to the old man and helped him to bear the hardships of life.

79. The stubborn boy refused to listen to the advice of his parents.

80. As long as you keep working hard through your life, you will recall your past with satisfaction.

31

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四 : 2011年四川高考英语试题及答案

中学教育大家谈 绝密★启用

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）

英 语

本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1页至9页，第Ⅱ卷10页。[www.61k.com]考试结束后，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共100分）

注意事项：

1.必须使用2B铅笔将答案标号填涂在答题卡上对应题目标号的位置上。

2.第Ⅰ卷共两部分，共计100分。

第一部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）

第一节 语法和词汇知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1.—I‘m sorry I didn‘t finish it on time.

—

A. Fine，thanks B. No，thanks C. Thanks a lot D．Thanks anyway

2. Ladia doesn‘t feel like abroad. Her parents are old.

A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study

3. There is A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything

4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.

A. whether B. although C. for D. so

5. — How could you be so rude as to walk in here in the middle of my class?

—_____________

A. Nothing much B. Nothing serious C. Never again D. Never mind

6. As it reported, it is 100 years _____________ Qinghua University was founded.

A. when B. before C. after D. since

7. To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test.

A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over

8. Nick, it‘s good for you to read some books ______China before you start your trip there.

A. in B. for C. of D. on

9. All visitors to this village _________ with kindness.

A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated

10. Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.

A. why B. how C. what D. which

11. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.

A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep

12. —How are your recent trip to Sichuan?

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2011四川高考英语答案 2011年四川高考英语试题及答案

中学教育大家谈 —I‘ve never had A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant

13. Always remember put such dangerous things as lives out children‘sA. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance

internet.

A. look up B. look at C. kook for D. look into

he was saved one month after the boat went down?.

A. where B. that C. which D. what

an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.

A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer

17.The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.

A. which B. whose C. when D. where

18. Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, fifth of pupils here go on to

study at Oxford and Cambridge.‖

A.不填；A B.不填；The C. the; The D. a; A

19.—What a mistake!

—YA. was suggesting B. will suggest C. would suggest D. had suggested

20.The police still have I found the lost child, but they‘re do.

A. can B. may C. must D. should

第二节，完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。（www.61k.com]

I truly feel that my mother led me here, to Morzaine, and to my future as happy wife and businesswoman. When Mum in October 2007, I was cook.. In December that year, while I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace Mum had left me . I was distraught（忧心如焚的）.Some days later, I was 23 that a guy who was working with us that day。―could probably have made a fortune 24 the necklace he found.‖ 25 . he returned it. Hearing he I‘d 26 Mum for six months before her death, he said, ―Christmas is going to be 27 —why not go out to the Alps for a couple of weeks?‖

I come to Morzaine, a small , friendly village in the Alps and___28_ fell in love with it .What was __29__to be a stopgap (权宜之计) trip turned into a new life .I kept travelling between London and here and felt _30__ than I had in months. In December 2008 , I was __31_as a hotel manager and moved here full time .

A month later, I met Paul, who was traveling here. We fell in love. In the beginning , I didn‘t want to discuss___32__, because the sadness of losing Mum__33__felt great. Paul understood that and sever___34__me. But, by summer, we got married. A year later, we used his saving, and the money from the sale of Mom‘s house, to build our own ___35__.

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2011四川高考英语答案 2011年四川高考英语试题及答案

中学教育大家谈 以……为题) around memories from our lives. There are also styles to remind me of Mom ---- a tiny chair which be in her bedroom is set in one room. __ there‘s no way we would be here if it wasn‘t for the _

21.A.died B. came C. returned D. visited

22.A. burned B. disappeared C . broke D. dropped

23.A.shown B. comforted C. persuaded D. told

24.A. hiding B. stealing C. selling D. wearing

25.A.Luckly B. Naturally C. Surely D. Hopefully

26.A.nursed B. cured C. missed D. guarded

27.A.long B. hard C. merry D. free

28.A. suddenly B. finally C. nearly D. immediately

29.A.said B. proved C. supposed D. judged

30.A.smarter B. higher C. firmer D. lighter

31.A.honoured B. hired C. regarded D. trained

32.A. travel B. business C. children D. marriage

33.A.recently B. once C. still D. first

34.A.left B. pushed C. surprised D. interrupted

35.A.hotel B. restaurant C. home D. shop

36.A.homely B. lively C. motherly D. friendly

37.A.ought to B. used to C. might D. could

38.A. takes B. keeps C. looks D. feels

39.A.unless B. while C. because D. though

40.A. money B. chair C. house D. necklace

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。[www.61k.com）（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

A

It‘s 5:00 in the morning when the alarm (闹钟) rings in my ears. I roll out of bed and walk blindly through the dark into the bathroom. I turn on the light and put on my glasses. The house is still as I walk downstairs while my husband and three kids sleep peacefully. Usually I go for a long run, but today I

choose my favorite exercise DVD, Insanity. Sweat pours down my face and into my eyes. My heart races as I face my body to finish each movement. As I near the end of the exercise ,I feel extremely tired, but a smile is of my face. It‘s a smile because the DVD is over , but a smile of success from pushing my body to its extreme limit.

Some people enjoy shopping, smoking , food, work, or even chocolate. But I need exercise to get through each day. Some shake heads when they see me run through the town. Others get hurt when I refuse 电子邮箱 511250091@qq.com

2011四川高考英语答案 2011年四川高考英语试题及答案

中学教育大家谈 to try just one bite of their grandmother‘s chocolate cake. They raise their eyebrows, surprised by my ―no thank you,‖ or by my choice to have a salad. Over the years , I have learned it‘s okay to just say ―no.‖ I shouldn‘t feel sorry for refusing food that I don‘t want to eat.

So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5:00 a.m.? What gives me the reason to just say to ice cream? A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, increases self –confidence and energy, extends life and above all improves my body shape. This is the point where a smile appears on my face as I look at myself in the mirror or try on my favorite pair of jeans that now fit just right. It‘s through commitment and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out.

41.Why is there a smile on the author‘s face in the morning?

A. Because she sees her family sleeping peacefully.

B. Because she finishes her favorite exercise

C. Because she enjoys the interesting DVD

D. Because she feels a sense of achievement

42.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph?

A. She doesn‘t like others r politely

B. She likes to make others surprised

C. Others don‘t understand what she dose

D. Others try to help her by offering her food

43.What does the underlined word ―commitment‖ in the last paragraph mean?

A. Good health B. Firm belief C. A strong power D.A regular habit

44.Wtat can we learn about the author from the text?

A. She acts in a strange way

B. She wants to look different from others

C. She aims to develop a good body shape

D. She has difficult getting along with others

B

Exploit your parking space

An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport, you could make anything up to ￡200 or ￡300 a week. Put an advertisement（广告）for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark.

Rent（出租）a room

Spare room? Not only will a lodger（房客）earn you an income, but also, thanks to the government-backed ―rent a room‖ program, you won‘t have to pay any tax on the first ￡4500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy.

Make money during special events

Don‘t want a full-time lodger? Then rent on a short-term basis. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money, Grashpadder can advertise your space.

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中学教育大家谈 Live on set

Renting your home out as a ―film set‖ could earn you hundreds of pounds a day, depending on the film production company and how long your home is needed. A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free—but you will be charged if your home gets picked.

Use your roof

You need the right kind of roof, but some energy companies pay the cost of fixing solar equipment(around￡14,000), and let you use the energy produced for nothing. In return, they get paid for unused energy fed back into the National Grid. However, you have to sign a 25-year agreement with the supplier, which could prevent you from changing the roof.

45. If you earn ￡5000 from renting a room in one year, the tax you need to pay will be based on ______.

A. ￡800 B. ￡500 C. ￡4500 D.5000

46. Where can you put an advertisement to rent out a room during a big event?

A. On Letpark. B. On Roomspare.

C. On Grashpadder. D. On Roommateeasy.

47. If you want to use energy free, you have to_____.

A. sign an agreement with the government

B. pay around ￡14,000 for the equipment

C. sell the roof to some energy companies

D. keep the roof unchanged for within 25 years

48. For whom the text most probably written?

A. Lodgers. B. Advertisers.

C. House owners. D. Online companies

C

The pound new Library of Birmingham（LoB）will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization（数字化）of everyday life.

Set to open in 2013, the ￡188m LoB is already beginning to tale shape next to the Birmingham

Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment.

As digital media（媒介）is important to its idea. the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.

Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning,“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital. Providing 24-hour services which can be used through, many different ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”

The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.

Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual（虚拟的）LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building 电子邮箱 511250091@qq.com

2011四川高考英语答案 2011年四川高考英语试题及答案

中学教育大家谈 and how it will work before it even opens.

Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are working on the LoB projects. Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls an example of an ―enlarged reality‖ project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the which is the early stages of development is an online library of figures of the city being built up by a content company in Cahoots, in which users with the encouraged to add to and comment on the material.

Gambles says: ―Technology will enable us to make the library‘s and services open to citizens as sever before.‖

49.The underline part ―its idea‖ in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of____

A. the equipment B. the project

C. the digital media D. the physical library

50.While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can_____

A. get a general idea of the LoB

B. meet more world-famous experts

C. learn how to put up a library building

D. understand how the specialists work on the project

A. a, b, d B. a, c ,e C. b, c, d D. b, d, e

52.This ext more from .

A. a put book B. a library guide

C. a handbook D. newspaper report

D

―Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particular good teacher.‖ You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March ( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.

He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及） serious complications（复杂化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.

In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says“The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented， 电子邮箱 511250091@qq.com

2011四川高考英语答案 2011年四川高考英语试题及答案

中学教育大家谈 the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”

Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don‘t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.

53. According to the text, James March is ____________.

A. a poet who uses experience in his writing

B. a teacher who teachers story writing in university

C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act

D. a professor who helps organizations makes important decisions

54. According to James March, experience ______________.

A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain

C. should be actively sought

55. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A. Experience makes stories more accurate.

B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.

C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.

D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.

56. What‘s the purpose of this text?

A. To introduce a book. B. To describe a researcher.

C. To explain experiential learning. D. To discuss organizational decision making.

E

In business, there‘s a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fearful or losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.

In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, What‘s more, the firms that ―slowed down to speed up ―improved their top and bottom lines ,averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-years period. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better ? They thought differently about what ―slower ―and ―faster‖ mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly ) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example , may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference . But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.

In our study, high performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary . They became more open to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed 电子邮箱 511250091@qq.com

2011四川高考英语答案 2011年四川高考英语试题及答案

中学教育大家谈 time to look and learn. By contrast (相比而言). Performance suffered at firms that moved falt all the among their employer , and had little time thinking about changes.

Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership . Teams that regularly take time to get things right , rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . That kind of strategy must come from the top.

57 . What does the underlined part ―gain an edge ‖ in Paragraph 2 mean ?

A. Increase the speed. B. Get an advantage.

C. Reach the limit. D. Set a goal

58. The underlined part ―the laws of business physics‖ in Paragraph 3 means ___________.

A. spending more time and performing worse.

B. spending more time and performing better

C. spending less time and performing worse

D. spending less time and performing better

59. What can we learn from the text?

A. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.

B. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.

C. Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.

D. Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.

60. Where could be the last title for the text?

A. Improve quality? Serve better.

B. Deliver value? Plough ahead.

C. Reduce time? Move faster.

D. Need speed? Slow down.

第二节 根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(www.61k.com)选项中有两项多余选项。（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）

---Good evening. Grandma‘s Restaurant. May I help you?

--- Good evening. ___61___

---Thank you. May I have your name, Miss?

---Mary Brown.

---____62____

---I‘d like to order the ―Free Matching Dinner for 2‖.

---Yes, you may choose two soups, two drinks and four main course from the menu.

- 63

-are you ready. What Kind of soup do you want?

-Chicken soup and tomato soup. - 64

-I‘d like a plate of noodles, two chicken wings. some beef and a bowl of rice. - 65

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2011四川高考英语答案 2011年四川高考英语试题及答案

中学教育大家谈 - May I coke and some green tea ,please.

-May I have your address ,please?

-Sure, kingston Court, Belair Cardens. Shatin.

第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共50分）

注意事项：

1.

2. 必须使用0.5毫米黑色墨迹签字笔在答题卡上题目所指是的答案区域内作答。［www.61k.com)答在试题卷第Ⅱ卷共计50分）

第三部分 写作（共两节 满分50分）

第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个沟（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正；

此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（／）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词。并也用斜线划掉。 此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改

Tom was having much troubles getting up in the

Morning and was always late with work.. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn‘t start coming on time, but he went to 68.

the doctor for a help. The doctor gave him some 69.

medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. 70.

The man did is told and slept really well, wake up before 71.

the alarm had even gone off. He had time for a properly 72.

breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.‖ Boss,‖ he 73.

said ,‖that medicine really works!‖ I‘m pleasing to hear 74.

it ,‖said his boss,‖ but where were you yesterday?‖ 75.

第二节 书面表达（满分35分）

最近，某中学生英文报开设了―After-class Activities‖的栏目，请你根据以下提示，为该栏目写一篇英文稿件，并鼓励同学们积极参加课外活动。

1. 你校开展课外活动的情况； 上无效。

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2011四川高考英语答案 2011年四川高考英语试题及答案

中学教育大家谈

2.

3.

4.

注意：

1.

2.

3. 你参加过的课外活动及给你带来的益处 为同学选择课外活动提出建议 为学校开展课外活动提出建议 词数100左右； 文中不得提及人名、校名及地名? 稿件的开头以为你写好（不计入总词数）

After-class Activities

Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools.

参考答案

选择题（1-65）

1-20 每小题1分， 共20分。（www.61k.com）

1-5 DBABC 6-10 DADBC 11-15 DBCAB 16-20 CBADA

21-40小题，每小题1.5分共30分。

21-25 ABDCA 26-30 ABDCD 31-35 BDCBA 36-40 ABDCD

41-60小题，每小题2分共40分。

41-45 DCBCB 46-50 CDCBA 51-55 ADCAB 56-60 ABDCD

61-65小题，每小题2分共10分。

61-65 BCFDG

66-75小题，每小题1.5分共15分。

66、改troubles为trouble 67、改with 为for 68、改but 为so

69、去a 70、改them 为it 71、改wake为waking

72、改properly为proper 73、reach前加to 74、改pleasing为pleased

75、√

写作35分。One Possible Version

After-class Activities

Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools. In our school,

there are various kinds of activities, for example, arts and sports. We enjoy them very much. Playing

football and reading stories are my favorites which do me lots of good. Besides building my body and

enriching my knowledge, they also free me from the heavy work of study.

Here I have some suggestions. To students, you‘d better choose the activities which interest you and

suit you; to schools, they should organize more activities for students and leave students more time for

activities by giving them less homework.

Dear friends, please actively take part in after-class activities, which will not only make your school life

colorful, but also improve you learning.

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五 : 2010年全国高考语文试题及答案免费

绝密★启用前 试卷类型：B

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）

语文

本试卷共8页，七大题23小题。(www.61k.com]全卷满分150分，考试用时150分钟。

★祝考试顺利★

注意事项：

1． 答题前，考生务必奖自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条

形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上的试卷类型B后的方框涂黑。

2． 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。

3． 非选择题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

4． 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、（15分，每小题3分）

1．下列各组词语中加点的字，读音全部相同的一组是

A．屏气 ．

B．黄鹂 ．

C．驼绒 ．

D．翌日 ．

【参考答案】D

【试题分析】A．屏气bǐng 摒弃bìng 并蒂莲bìng秉烛待旦bǐng ．．．． 摒弃 ． 并蒂莲 ． 霹雳舞 ． 拓荒者 ． 溢洪道 ． 秉烛待旦 ．磨砺意志 ．脱颖而出 ．逸兴遄飞 ． 黎明 ． 滂沱 ． 游弋 ．

B．黄鹂 lí 黎明lí 霹雳舞lì ．．．磨砺意志lì ．

C．驼绒tuó 滂沱 拓荒者tuò脱颖而出tuō ．．tuó．．

D．翌日 yì 游弋 溢洪道yì 逸兴遄飞yì ．．yì．．

【高考考点】识记现代汉语普通话常用字的字音。

【易错提醒】“游弋”易读错。四个选项都有一定的迷惑性

【备考提示】考查读音相近的字的读音，要求考生不能只抓住常见易错的字音，而要切实练好普通话，在比较中辨别。要注重考查普通话的读写能力培养。

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2010年湖北高考语文试卷 [湖北]2010年全国高考语文试题及答案免费

2．下更各组词语中，有错别字的一组是 ．．．．

A．扭怩/扭捏 B．姻缘/因缘 C．口型/口形 D．意想/臆想

【参考答案】A

【试题分析】“扭怩”应为“忸怩”。[www.61k.com）忸怩：羞惭的样子，与心理有关，应用“忸”。 【高考考点】识记并正确书写现代常用规范汉字。

【易错提醒】“飘荡/漂荡”“定势/定式”有一定迷惑性，要加强平时积累。

【备考提示】本题重点在于辨别容易混淆的形近词。如果怀疑某个是别字，可以写出几个同音字来比较,可以写出几个形似字来比较。通过分析形声字的形旁来推导这个字的含意，再放到这个词语中去判定是否相符。对于独体字或形声字中的形旁已失去表意功能的形声字可以通过分析词语的语法结构来确定它是不是别字，还可以通过对整个词语的理解,来寻找不合语境的别字。要注重平时的积累。

交接/交结 机遇/际遇 飘荡/漂荡 定势/定式

急风暴雨/疾风劲草 促膝谈心/抵足谈心 轻歌曼舞/清歌妙舞 唾手可得/垂手而得

3．依次填入下列横线处的词语，恰当的一组是

泰姬陵是莫卧儿王朝君主沙贾汗为其宠妃蒙泰姬修建的 。这是一座 着宝石的伊斯兰建筑。后来，泰姬陵成为世界文化遗产。 在今天的众多的世界文化遗产中，它也是 的。

A．陵墓 B．陵寝

点缀

虽然

绝无仅有 独树一帜 独一无二 举世无双

镶嵌 装饰 装点

即使 固然 尽管

C．墓茔 D .墓室

【参考答案】B

【试题分析】本题将实词和成语综合进行考查。陵墓：指帝王诸侯的坟墓，现多指领袖或先烈的坟地，亦泛指坟墓。陵寝：古代帝王陵墓的宫殿寝庙，借指帝王陵墓。：墓茔：墓地，茔地。墓室：①犹墓庐；②犹墓穴。坟墓中放棺椁的处所。点缀：①加以衬托或装饰，使原有事物更加美好；②装点门面，应景儿，凑数儿。镶嵌：①将一物体嵌在另一物体中；②比喻深深地进入某种境界或思想活动中。装饰：打扮，修饰；装潢；点缀，装点；指装饰品；犹夸饰。装点：装饰点缀；点缀品；张扬，夸大。虽然：即使如此；

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2010年湖北高考语文试卷 [湖北]2010年全国高考语文试题及答案免费

犹即使。（www.61k.com）即使：连词，表示假设的让步。固然：连词。①表示承认某个事实，引起下文转折；②表示承认甲事实，也不否认乙事实。尽管：①副词，表示不必考虑别的，放心去做；②〈方〉副词，老是；总是；③连词，表示姑且承认某种事实，下文往往有‘但是、然而’等表示转折的连词跟它呼应，反接上文。绝无仅有：只有一个，再没有别的，形容非常少有。独树一帜：树，立；帜，旗帜。单独树起一面旗帜。比喻独特新奇，自成一家。独一无二：没有相同的或没有可以相比的。举世无双：全世界找不到第二个。

【高考考点】正确使用词语(包括熟语) 。

【易错提醒】本题不是传统的两个词选一个，而是四个词选一个，涉及实词（名词、动词）、虚词、成语，容量加大。

【备考提示】对实词的辨析应从以下几个方面考虑：①辨析词义。包括词语的语意侧重点、词语的词意的轻重、词义范围的大小等。②辨析色彩。包括词语的感情色彩跟语体色彩。③辨析用法。括搭配习惯、语法功能、使用对象等方面。要正确理解成语的整体意义，要注意语境的组合与搭配情况，越是想要你字面理解的成语越要注意陷阱。特别陌生的成语往往是对的。另外要特别注意两用成语的意义和用法。虚词要考虑句间关系和习惯搭配。

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4．下列各项中，没有语病的一项是

A．当今的环境保护技术不仅做到了生产过程不浪费资源，不污染环境，保证产品使用的清洁高效，而且产品使用后废弃物的有效回收和循环利用。

B．一旦确定了某个特定节日的纪念物，商家、企业就可以设计、生产、经营相关的物品，电视、报纸、杂志等媒体就有了重点宣传的目标。

C．虽然现在所学的一些专业课，对我们很陌生，学起来比较吃力，不过我相信，在老师的帮助下，只要下苦功，就一定能够学好。

D．某院医护人员在不知情的情况下，将携带有艾滋病病毒的血液输入到患者体内，致使这些患者旧病未除，又染新疾，造成了严重的后果。

【参考答案】D

【试题分析】A、成分残缺，在“而且”后加入“做到了”；B、不合逻辑，“商家、企业”改为“企业、商家”；C、主客颠倒，“对我们”后加入“来说”。

【高考考点】辨析并修改病句。

【易错提醒】B、D项的容易难于判断，注意并列词语看搭配、看顺序。

中国校长网资源频道 www.zgxzw.com

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【备考提示】要认真细致审读每个选项，重点注意分析并列短语作句子成分与其他成分的搭配， 可以将并列短语拆开逐一与其他成分搭配，验证其当否。（www.61k.com］对于句式杂糅的句子，先凭语感判定其不协调，再分别造成句子，再放回原文中，验证其当否。对于语序不当的句子，先也要凭语感检测，再将不协调的词语或句子调换位置，看是否通畅自然。有多重否定或还有反问的句子，要将否定换成肯定来理解。对因不明词义而造成前后矛盾的语句，应尽力推敲出这个关键词语的含义，推敲方法是拆字组词。对逻辑概念方面的不协调，可以凭事理推断。注意题干的要求，究竟选择的是有语病的还是无语病的一项。

5．下列各项中，标点符号的使用不符合规定的一项是 ．．．

A．当我来到小桥中间，对岸的槐树后面一声呐喊：“抓住他！”随即蹿出几条黑影，向我冲来，桥开始晃起来，我的心也晃起来，“铁驴”（载重自行车）也晃起来。

B．他常常在夜里吹着笛子，声音清越，吹出月光、竹林、沙滩、仙鹤??，白天所有的压抑似乎都在这笛声里风吹云散了。

C．不过今日的“粉丝”不比往年，索签的要求高得多了：不但要你签书、签笔记本、签便条、签书包、签学生证，还要题上他的名字、他女友的名字。

D．胖老人每次起竿摘鱼都要用眼角瞟一下瘦老人，好像在说：“你就这么熬下去吧，伟大的谈判者！”而瘦老人只以泥塑般的安静来回答。

【参考答案】B

【试题分析】“竹林”后的顿号应该为逗号。

【高考考点】正确使用标点符号。

【易错提醒】本题考查短语的层次。注意D项倒装句，句末标点在句子的最后，倒装成分用逗号隔开。

【备考提示】应该熟悉各种标点的基本用法，记住标点的常见错误。注意分析标点也要从分析句子内部关系入手。

二、（12分，每小题3分）

阅读下面的文字，完成6——题。

中国古代的天文

李政道

古代西方人的一种观念是“天圆地方”，我们老祖宗却认为“天圆地圆”，有黄道、赤道。两千多年前，诗人屈原在其著作《天问》中引证天是圆的，地也是圆的。他说：九天之际，安放安属？隅隈多有，谁知其数？

九天是指坐标，就是昊天（东）、阳天（东南）、赤天（南）、朱天（西南）、成天（西）、中国校长网资源频道 www.zgxzw.com

2010年湖北高考语文试卷 [湖北]2010年全国高考语文试题及答案免费

幽天（西北）、玄天（北）、鸾天（东北）、钧天（中间向上），一共是九个坐标位臵。(www.61k.com)屈原说，如果天圆地平，就会相交，成“九天之际”。“安放安属？”相交的点放在哪里呢？“隅隈多有，谁知其数？”天地相交显然不合理。因此，天是圆的，地一定也是圆的。天如蛋壳，地如蛋黄，各自可转。所以中国古代天文就是赤道、黄道两个圆轨道。

他下面再问：天是圆形的，还是椭圆形的？

东西南北，其修孰多？南北顺椭，其衍几何？

其中东西是经度，南北是纬度。他问的是经度长一些，还是纬度长一些。实际上，地球的赤道直径与南北两极的距离相差22公里，屈原当然没有求出来，不过他这种解析问题的能力及有关天圆地圆的推测都令人佩服。

《周礼》说：“以苍璧礼天，以黄琮礼地。”璧的外围是圆的，中间有圆孔，代表天。可是，为什么天中有礼？琮的造形更奇怪了，外面是方的，中间也有一个圆孔穿过去。外边为什么是方的？为什么璧代表天，琮代表地？另外，商代还有一种玉器叫璇玑，造型很像璧。璧，璇玑，琮，他们的关系是什么？《虞书〃舜典》注疏：“璇，美玉也；玑为转运，径八尺，圆周二丈五尺强，王者正天文之器。”

璇玑是一个大的天文仪器。我们今天看到的璇玑玉器，直径仅约33厘米，可能是模型，是商代的文物。那么璇玑怎样做天文仪器呢？

每颗恒星和行星，都要转圈，都各自沿着一个圆在走。大打球面上有一点不动，就是天球面和地球的轴的相交点，叫做正极。我们可以设想，璇玑或璧、琮的前身可能是一个旋转式天文仪器，目的就是把这个旋转轴的指向定准于正极。怎样做到这个要求呢？

我的猜想是：假如要定准正极，一定要有一根长管。如果转盘的直径是8尺，那么管子的长度应约是转盘直径的2倍，这个管子对着正极。再做一个形状像璇玑的大盘子；边上有三个凹口，每一个凹口正好对着一个星，星在天空转，这个盘子随着星转，竹管是不动的，要定正极的位臵，必须通过管子对着正极，然后让盘子随天转动，把三颗星的位臵扣住。

竹管一定要和地固定，方法是用一些大石头把它绑起来，每块大石成方形，约高一尺。竹管四周均有大石块，这样的造型的古代天文仪器就有两个部分：一是大璇玑那样的盘子，凹口对着星，随天上的星面转，代表天;一是这些大石头绑住的长竹管，跟地永恒，代表地。假如用很细的针在竹管一端开一个直径为2毫米的孔，管子长15尺左右，它测量正极分类的精确性能达到0.013度。

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我还有一个想法，就是在商朝时正极没有任何明显的星。人们为了纪念炎黄古代天文学中国校长网资源频道 www.zgxzw.com

2010年湖北高考语文试卷 [湖北]2010年全国高考语文试题及答案免费

的成功，就制作了璇玑这种小型玉器，后来把璇玑变得更简单：一部分变成璧，竹管和外包的大石块就变成琮。（www.61k.com)因而“以苍璧礼天，以黄琮礼地”。

（选自《中国国家天文》创刊号，有删改）

6．从原文看，下列对古人“天圆地圆”观念解说，不准确的一项是 ．．．

A．中国古人很早就有天圆地圆的观念，如把天比作蛋壳，把地比作蛋黄，认为存在赤道和黄道两个圆形的轨道。

B．东西是经度，南北是维度，经度与纬度哪个长一些呢？作者认为，这样提问本身就表明在屈原心目中天和地都是圆的。

C．璧为圆形，中有圆孔，代表天，琮为方形，中有圆孔，代表地。《周礼》所谓，“以苍璧礼天，以黄琮礼地”可为印证。

D．璧为圆形，可以代表天，可是，琮为方形，怎能代表地呢？作者认为琮的方形是特意加上去的，起装饰作用。

【参考答案】D

【试题分析】“琮的方形是特意加上去的，起装饰作用”错，文中说“竹管和外包的大石块就变成琮”，方形象征大石块。

【高考考点】理解文中重要概念的含义。

【易错提醒】一定要注意原文同题肢相对照。注意A项有瑕疵，文中“把天比作蛋壳，把地比作蛋黄”是作者的观点，没有说是古人的观点。

【备考提示】要辨明检索区间，确定对应语句。联系上下文体会，要死抠字眼。对词语的解说要抓住本质。将解释的含意放在被解释的词语处，看上下文是否连贯、恰当。寻求称代词与称代内容的联系，将称代的内容代入原文理解。联系全文的倾向性，检查该解释是否与全文保持一致。

7．下列对中国最初的天文仪器的设想的表述，符合原文意思的一项是

A．一根用来对准正极的长竹管，一个边上开有三个凹口的状如璇玑的转盘，把这个转盘固定在长竹管上，这可能就是中国最初的天文仪器。

B．用一些方形大石块把一根长竹管固定在地上，把一个边上开有三个凹口的状如璇玑的转盘穿在长竹管上，这可能就是中国最初的天文仪器。

C．中国最初的天文仪器由两部分构成，一是大璇玑那样的边上开有三个凹口的大盘子，二是固定长竹管的一些方形大石块。

D．在中国最初的天文仪器璇玑中，从直接观察天象的作用看，用来固定长竹管的那些中国校长网资源频道 www.zgxzw.com

2010年湖北高考语文试卷 [湖北]2010年全国高考语文试题及答案免费

方形大石块是必不可少的。（www.61k.com]

【参考答案】B

【试题分析】A“转盘固定在长竹管上”错，盘子要随星转；C“二是固定长竹管的一些方形大石块”错，是用一些方形大石块把一根长竹管固定在地上；D石块起固定作用，不用于直接观察天象。

【高考考点】筛选并整合文中的信息。

【易错提醒】注意联系题肢前后分析。

【备考提示】要理清文章结构，找出选项相对应的内容区域，依次筛选。原文内容与选项保持一致，选项与题干要能构成因果关系。略过无关紧要的信息，如举例、描写等，抓住本质特征。

8．“后来，把璇玑变得更简单：一部分变成壁，竹管和外包的大石块就变成琮。”下列对这句话的理解和推断，准确的一项是

A．璇玑是一个大的天文仪器，壁和琮都是直接从这种天文仪器简化而来的。

B．由于壁和琮都是从璇玑简化而来的，所以都保留了观测天文现象的功能。

C．代表天的壁和代表地的琮，可能都是从玉器璇玑简化而来的。

D．今天所能见到的壁和琮，都是礼器和饰物，是由竹管和大石块简化而来的。

【参考答案】C

【试题分析】A、“璇玑”是玉器，不是天文仪器；B、壁和琮没有保留观测天文现象的功能，只是礼器；

D、文中说：“一部分变成璧，竹管和外包的大石块就变成琮。”

【高考考点】依据文章进行判断和想象。

【易错提醒】A，依据文意，“璇玑”是玉器，不是天文仪器，可对比C项判断。

【备考提示】要依据文意。推断想象不能随意扩大或缩小，因果、前后关系不能颠倒。注意选肢之间的比较，如果选项中有内容矛盾的选项必有一错。

9．作者根据哪两类证据推论出中国古人“天圆地圆”的观念？

【参考答案】典籍和文物

【试题分析】屈原的《天问》，璇玑、璧、琮的样式和对它们之间关系的推测。

【高考考点】筛选信息

三、（9分，每小题三分）

阅读下面的文言文，完成10-12题。

原 弊

[宋] 欧阳修

中国校长网资源频道 www.zgxzw.com

2010年湖北高考语文试卷 [湖北]2010年全国高考语文试题及答案免费

农者，天下之本也，而王政所由起也。[www.61k.com]古之为国者未尝敢忽，而今之为吏者不然，薄书听断而已矣，闻有道农之事，则相与笑之曰：鄙。夫知赋敛移用之为急，不知务农为先者，．

是未原为政之本末也。知务农而不知节用以爱农，是未尽务农之方也。

古之为政者，上下相移用以济。下之用力者甚勤，上之用物者有节，民无遗力，国不过费，上爱其下，下给其上，使不相困。一夫之力，督之必尽其所任；一日之用，节之必量其所入。一岁之耕，供公与民食，皆出其间而常有余。故三年而余一年之备。今乃不然，耕者，不复督其力；用者，不复计其出入。一岁之耕供公仅足，而民食不过数月。甚者，场功甫毕，．簸糠麸而食秕稗，或采橡实、畜菜根以延冬春。不幸一水旱，则相枕为饿殍。此甚可叹也！ ．

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国家罢兵， 三十三岁矣，兵尝经用者老死今尽，而后来者未尝闻金鼓、识战阵也。生于无事而饱于衣食也，其势不得不骄惰。今卫兵入宿，不自持被而使人持之；禁兵给粮，不自荷而雇人荷之。其骄如此，况肯冒辛苦以战斗乎？就使兵耐辛苦而能斗战，虽耗农民，为之可也。奈何有为兵之虚名，而其实骄惰无用之人也。

古之凡民长大壮健者皆在南亩，农隙则教之以战，今乃大异，一遇凶岁，则州郡吏以尺度量民之长大而试其壮健者，招之去为禁兵；其次不及尺度而稍怯弱者，籍之以为厢兵。吏招人多者有赏，而民方穷时争投之。故一经凶荒，则所留在南亩者，惟老弱也。而吏方曰：不收为兵，则恐为盗。噫！苟知一时之不为盗，而不知终身骄惰而窃食也。古之长大壮健者任耕，而老弱者游惰；今之长大壮健者游惰，而老弱者留耕也。何相反之甚邪！然民尽力乎南亩者，或不免乎狗彘之食，而一去为僧、兵，则终身安佚而享丰腴，则南亩之民不得不日减也。故曰有诱民之弊者，谓此也。

（选自《欧阳文忠公集》，有删改）

10．对下列语句中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是

A．则相与笑之曰：鄙 ．

B．场功甫毕 ． 鄙：卑鄙 甫：刚刚

畜：通“蓄”

籍：登记 C．或采橡实、畜菜根以延冬春 ．D．籍之以为厢兵 ．

【参考答案】A

【试题分析】鄙，见识浅薄。

【高考考点】本题考查理解常见文言实词在文中的含义。

【易错提醒】考查重点实词“鄙”，一定在原文中理解。

中国校长网资源频道 www.zgxzw.com

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【备考提示】要分析形旁，推求字义。［www.61k.com]从字音相同推测通假字。通过语法特征推断出词性。用互文见义对照解释前后词。用成语比较推导词义。联系上下文，前后照应，保持一致。一定要把对实词的解释带入到原句原文中，看看是否合乎原文的语言环境。

11．下列各组语句中，全都表明不重视农业所造成的恶果的一组是

①一岁之耕供公仅足，而民食不过数月

②不幸一水旱，则相枕为饿殍

③生于无事而饱于衣食也，其势不得不骄惰

④一遇凶岁，则州郡吏以尺度量民之长大而试其壮健者

⑤则南亩之民不得不日减也

⑥故曰有诱民之弊者，谓此也

A．①②⑤

【参考答案】A

【试题分析】③是说后来的士兵；④是说饥荒时选厢兵的标准，⑥是作者的结论。

【高考考点】筛选文中的信息。

【易错提醒】④是说饥荒时选厢兵的标准。

【备考提示】要看清题目要求，一字一词地琢磨。选出一两句不相符的，排除部分选项。要注意从离中心最远的开始排除。必须注意每一个句子和题干规定的中心要形成因果或解证关系。照应上下文，一般作者评论性的话不能作为选项,别人赞誉的话可考虑。 要注意题干的要求，注意主人公、关键词、“正面”、“侧面”等词语。 B．①③⑥ C．②④⑥ D．③④⑤

12．下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是

A．作者认为农业是天下之本，当政者只知使用民力而不知爱惜民力是不可取的。

B．作者通过古今施政的对比，揭示了宋朝农民在利益被严重侵害下的悲惨遭遇。

C．作者认为，休战以来的士卒已经老迈，因此背军粮的任务只好雇请他人来做。

D．作者指出，高大健壮的不种田，年老体弱的却在田地劳作，有时吃的是猪狗食。

【参考答案】C

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【试题分析】文中说：“国家罢兵， 三十三岁矣，兵尝经用者老死今尽，而后来者??其势不得不骄惰??禁兵给粮，不自荷而雇人荷之。（www.61k.com）”作者认为，休战以来的士卒已经老迈逝世已经都没有了，后来的人未曾经历战争，士兵骄惰，禁军背军粮的任务自己不做，雇请他人来做。

【高考考点】归纳内容要点，概括中心意思。

【易错提醒】认真将题肢与原文对照，注意时间的前后顺序。

【备考提示】要找出文段中与选项解释相对应的语句，一一对应。中心、主旨重点分析议论的语句。总体把握文意。叙述或分析的错误只在某一小点，主要是顺序的颠倒、无中生有等。注意人物的事迹是否张冠李戴，事件的时间是否准确，人物性格陈述是否恰当。一定要在原文中找到和选项相关的句子，仔细地进行对照，找出其中的差异。 有个别选项是对原文中的某一句中的一个词翻译得不对。

【参考译文】

农业是天下的根本，也是国家制订统治措施的起源。古代治理国家的人不曾敢轻视疏忽，但是如今当官的不是这样，只是处理公文、办理政务罢了。听见有人说起农业之事，就相互笑他说：（这是）低贱的事情。他们知道通过赋税将农业物资移用到自己身上是紧急的事情，不懂得致力于农业是首先要考虑的，这是没有弄清统治措施的根本啊。懂得致力于农业而不懂得节约用度来爱护农民，这是没有尽到致力于农业的办法啊。

古代治理国家的人，统治者和百姓相互移用来互相补充。处于下位的百姓尽力很勤勉，处于上位的统治者使用物资有节制，百姓不保留自己的气力，国家不过分浪费，统治者爱护他们的百姓，百姓提供物资给统治者，使得上下都不相困扰。一位男子的力气（官府）督促他一定要尽力完成自己的职责，一天的用度（官府）约束他一定要衡量自己的收入，一年种出的庄稼供给官府和百姓，食物都从这里面出来，因而常常有富余的，所以三年便能余下一年的储备。现在却不是这样，耕种的人不再督责尽力耕种，消费者不再更具收入确定支出。农民一年耕种打下的粮食供给官府才刚刚够，而农民自己的食物却不超过几个月。严重的，收获的事情刚刚结束，农民只能将簸出来的糠麸或秕稗作为食物，或者采摘橡树的种子、存储菜根来勉强度过冬春的饥荒时节。如果遭受不幸遇到水灾旱灾，就会纷纷倒下成为饿殍。这样的情况很是可悲可叹啊！

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国家停止用兵已经33年了，士兵中那些身经百战的人有的老的老死的死现在几乎都没有了，而后来当兵的人不曾听见过战鼓。懂得战阵。生活在没有战事的时代而衣食不缺，那情势不能不骄傲懒惰。现在士兵进入兵营，不自己抱着自己东西而让别人抱着；禁兵领取粮食，不自己挑着而雇人挑着。他们的骄纵懒惰就是这样，又怎么愿意冒着辛苦而参加战斗呢？如果能让士兵能承受辛苦而能够战斗，即使损耗农民的利益，这样做也是可以的。但奈何他们只有当兵的虚名，而实际上是一群骄纵懒惰的无用之人啊。

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古代大凡身材高大身体健壮的人都在田间劳作，农闲的时候就将作战的技能教给他们，现在却完全不同，一旦遇到灾年，那么各州郡的冠岩就用尺子度量百姓中身材高大身体健壮的人，招他们去做禁兵，稍差一点低于尺度且稍微有些瘦弱的，登记在册作为厢兵。［www.61k.com]官员招人多的有赏赐，而百姓正处于穷困之时争相投军。所以，一遇上凶年荒灾，那么留在田地的，只有老弱之人了。而官方这时也说：如果不将他们收留当兵，那么恐怕就会做强盗。唉！只是知道他们某段时间不做强盗，却不知道他们一生骄纵兰度而窃取食物啊。古代那些身材高大身体健壮的人承担种田的工作，而年老体弱的游玩；现在身材高大身体健壮的人游玩，而老弱之人却留守在田地间。为什么相反到了这么严重的程度呢？然而百姓在田间尽力耕作的，有时不免于吃猪狗之食，而一旦离开田地做僧人或士兵，就终身安乐舒适而享有丰美的食物，那么种田的农民不能不一天天减少啊。所以说有引诱农民离开田地的弊端，说得就是这种情况。

四、（24分）

13．把第三大题文言文阅读材料中画线的语句翻译成现代汉语。（10分）

（1）而今之为吏者不然，簿书听断而已矣。（3分）

（2）耕者，不复督其力；用者，不复计其出入。（3分）

（3）苟知一时之不为盗，而不知终身骄惰而窃食也。（3分）

【参考答案】（1）但是如今当官的不是这样，只是处理公文、办理政务罢了。

（2）耕种的人不再督责尽力耕种，消费者不再更具收入确定支出。

（3）只知道他们一时不去做盗贼，却不知道他们一生都在骄横懒惰窃取衣食。

【试题分析】（1）为吏、然、簿书听断；（2）督、用者、计其出入；（3）苟知、而、窃食

【高考考点】理解并翻译文中的句子。

【易错提醒】簿书听断，词类活用。

【备考提示】文言文翻译要粗知全文大意，把握文意的倾向性。详知译句上下文的含义。审视句子特点，逐字对应翻译，做好换、留、删、补、调。抓住句子中关键字词翻译，要与上下文对应，这些字词是得分点。由现代词、成语推导词语在文中的含义。注意词类活用、倒装、通假、偏义复词。复杂句子要作句子成分分析，抓住主干，注意句间关系。意译词语根据上下文推导，不拘泥于原文结构，由实到虚。组合成句子，前后通顺。

14.阅读下面这首宋词，然后回答问题。

鹊桥仙·七夕

范成大

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双星良夜，耕慵织懒，应被群仙相妒。［www.61k.com）娟娟月姊满眉颦，更无奈风姨吹雨。

相逢草草，争如休见，重搅别离心绪。新欢不抵旧愁多，倒添了新愁归去。

【注】争：怎。

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⑦为了这梦境，我曾动了烟花三月下扬州的念头。（www.61k.com)2007年，我打听何处可以雇一条船，邀二三好友于黄鹤楼下出发，一路吟诗作画，听琴吹箫到扬州去。结果人家告诉我，现在从武汉到扬州，根本无水路可通。后来打听到，从杭州或苏州出发，可从运河到达扬州。我又来了兴趣，让朋友去觅一只画舫。事情也未做成，其因是这一段运河虽然畅通，但除了运送货物的商船，渡客的帆舟早就绝了踪迹。

⑧由此我想到，坐一条船于烟雨濛濛的江上，去拜访唐代的扬州，已是完全不可能了。扬州的繁华还在，但唐代的风流不再。若有意去欣赏今日生机勃勃的扬州，只能自驾车从高速路上去了。

（选自《中国小说》，有删节）

16. 下列表述不符合原文意思的一项是（3分） ．．．

A.与凛冽阔大的北地气象相比，扬州城的景色显得温婉绮丽。

B.扬州在历史上虽屡经战乱，但繁华的气象却并未因此颓败。

C.烟雨迷离的扬州城诗意盎然，体现了东方人的审美意趣。

D.作者以古衬今，满怀深情地赞美了今日生机勃勃的扬州。

【参考答案】D

【试题分析】作者写扬州是追寻诗意的梦境，表现了对扬州的“风流不再”的怅然若失。

17. 文中加点处是唐诗名句，请任选两处，简要分析其在文章结构中的作用。（4分）

【参考答案】二十四桥明月夜，玉人何处教吹箫：在结构上总结第一段，意在和北地风光进行对比。

烟花三月下扬州：是作者谋篇布局的着眼点，在结构上收束全文，引起下文，有贯通全文的作用。

秋尽江南草木凋：在结构上承上启下，意在引出下文对扬州三月时节的景色描写。

南朝四百八十寺，多少楼台烟雨中：在结构上照应全文，意在凝聚全文的审美意趣，引出下文。

注：任选两处作答，意思对即可。

【试题分析】考察名句的结构的作用。

【高考考点】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧

【易错提醒】注意题目“结构”一词。。

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【备考提示】结构作用要注意本身在文中的位置，与题目、开头、上文、下文、结尾、主题的作用。（www.61k.com）注意回答结构时的术语：总结、起领、承上启下、揭示中心、照应、铺垫、伏笔、悬念、突转等。

18. 在描述扬州景物时切入的角度及语言的运用很独特，请结合第④段和第⑤段加以赏析。（6分）

【参考答案】（1）作者从“小秦淮”与“瘦西湖”的命名方式切入，揭示了扬州景物“尺水玲珑”、“小家碧玉”的诗化意味。

（2）多用古诗和四字词语，整句和散句的交错使用，言辞清丽，格调典雅。

【试题分析】切入角度：最向往的地方和什么季节到扬州最好。

语言运用：音、词、句、语言风格。

【高考考点】分析文章的结构，鉴赏文章的语言和表达技巧

【易错提醒】段落限制，具体分析，硬顶要举出例子。

【备考提示】语言特色要从语言的形式考虑，即在音、词、短语、句子、篇章特色中体现出的特点。

19. 作者为什么说“扬州的繁华还在，但唐代的风流不再？”请联系全文作简要分析。（5分）

【参考答案】（1）今日的扬州依然繁华。（2）“唐代的风流”代表古时扬州的人文风气和山水风光，“不再”一词表明这种情境在今日的扬州已难觅踪迹。（3）它的消逝令人感怀和惋惜，表达了作者怅然若失的感受。

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【试题分析】理解“繁华”、“唐代的风流”、“不再”的含义和句子表达的情感。

【高考考点】理解文中重要句子的含意

【易错提醒】笼统答题，如“唐代的风流”看不出借代，分析不具体。

【备考提示】理解句子从本质上说是理解句子中形象、抽象的词，兼顾句子的情感、在文中的作用。

六.（12分）

20.请根据王维的诗句“竹喧归浣女”写一个场景。要求：①想象合理；②语言生动；③不超过50字。（4分）

【答案示例】1、（标准答案参考）浣完衣服的少女拎着水桶，踏着月色，从婆娑的竹林间穿过，伴着银铃般的笑声，叽叽喳喳的打闹着归来。

2、（解析者提供答案参考）月光在竹林中洒下斑斑光点，四周一片寂静。一阵风吹来，传来洗衣归来的少女的喧哗。话音如玉盘落珠般清脆，笑声如银铃摇动般响亮，是这般地无忧无虑。

【试题分析】注意几个要素：竹、浣女归、喧。尽量体现王诗“诗中有画”的意境。

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【高考考点】扩展语句

21.某中学研究型学习小组举办《红楼梦》读书交流会。［www.61k.com］主题是“《红楼梦》诗词鉴赏”。请为主持人写一则开场白。要求：①紧扣主题；②表达得体，富有文采；③不写称呼语、问候语；④不超过60字。（4分）

【答案示例】1、（标准答案参考）“满纸荒唐言”，“谁解其中味”，绝世奇书《红楼梦》中的诗词也是难得的艺术瑰宝。让我们走进宝山，去欣赏他们的璀璨与绚丽吧。

2、（解析者提供答案参考）“好风凭借力，送我上青云”这是宝钗的思想写照，“一年三百六十日，风刀霜剑严相逼”这是黛玉的生活环境，《红楼梦》诗词文质兼美。今天我们将对它进行专题鉴赏，希望同学们积极发言。

【试题分析】1、点明鉴赏《红楼梦》诗词；2、号召学生积极参与；3、尽量使用《红楼梦》中的诗词。

【高考考点】扩展语句

22.欣赏漫画《低碳生活》（“低碳生活”指低能耗、低污染、低排放的生活方式）。请仿照画面二、三的文字，补写其余两处。要求：①紧扣画面内容；②写两个5字句；③句末押韵。（4分）

食物少煎烤 住房环保型 清蒸油烟少 节能灯照明 【答案示例】1（标准答案参考）（一）衣衫自己洗，小件不劳你。（四）急事你出马，平日你休假。

2、（解析者提供答案参考）（一）洗衣不用电，手洗身体健。（四）拒绝小汽车，绿色自行车

七、（60分）

23. 阅读下面材料，按要求作文。

孙悟空的筋斗云，哪吒的风火轮，都是神奇想象的产物，寄寓了人类渴求飞速行进的美好愿望。谁能想到，晚清幻想小说《新中国》预言百余年后在上海陆家嘴一带举办万国博览会，法国的科幻小说家凡尔纳梦想“从地球到月球”，在今天会成为现实？幻想源自人类的求职本能，展现了人类非凡的想象力。幻想推动现实，幻想照亮生命，幻想是快乐的源泉……

请根据你对以上材料的理解和体会，选准角度，写一篇作文。

要求：自选文体，自拟标题（请把标题写在答题卡上），不少于800字。

（选自《中国小记》，有删改）

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