一 : 绥化学院2015年普通高等教育招生章程
二 : 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(新课标)
本试题卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。考生作答时,将答案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡),在本试题卷上答题无效。考试结束后,将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷
(www.61k.com)听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题·每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A.£19.15.
B.£9.15
C.£9.18
答案是B。
1. Where does this conversation probably take place?
A. In a bookstore.
B. In a classroom
C. In a library.
2. At what time will the film begin?
A. 7:20.
B. 7:15.
C. 7:00.
3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
A.Their friend Jane.
B. A weekend trip.
C. A radio programme.
4. What will the woman probably do?
A. Catch a train.
B. See the man off.
C. Go shopping.i
5. Why did the woman apologize?
A. She made a late delivery.
B. bne went to the wrong place.
C. She couldn't take the cake back.
第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A. B. C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6. 7题。
6.Whose CD is broken?
A. Kathy's.
B. Mum's.
C. Jack's.
7: What does the boy promise to do for the girl?
A. Buy her a new CD.
B. Do some cleaning.
C. Give her 10 dollars.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. What did the man think of the meal?
A. Just so-so
B. Quite satisfactory.
C. A bit disappointing.
9. What was the 15% on the bill paid for?
A. The food.
B. The drinks.
D. The service.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10. Why is the man at the shop?
A. To order a camera for his wife
B. To have a camera repaired
C. To get a camera changed.
11. What colour does the man want?
A. Pink.
B.Black.
C. Orange.
12. What will the man do afterwards?
A. Make a phone call.
B. Wait until further notice.
C. Come again the next day.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13. What would Joe probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday?
A. Go to a play.
B. Stay at home.
C. Visit Kingston.
14. What is Ariel going to do in Toronto?
A. Attend a party.
B. Meet her aunt.
C. See a car show.
15. Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave?
A. To call up Betty.
B. To buy some DVDs.
C. To pick up Daniel.
16. What might be the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates.
B. Fellow workers.
C. Guide and tourist.
听第10段材料,回答第17至39题。
17. Where does Thomas Manning work?
A. In the Guinness Company.
B. At a radio station.
C. In a museum.
18. Where did the idea of a book of records come from?
A. A bird-shooting trip.
B. A visit to Europe.
C. A television talk show.
19. When did Sir Hugh's first book of records appear?
A. In 1875.
B. In 1950.
C. In 1955.
20. What are the two speakers going to talk about next?
A. More records of unusual facts.
B. The founder of the company.
C. The oldest person in the world.
第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分)
从A. B. C. D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选硕,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例: It is generally considered unwise to give a childhe or she wants.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
答案是B.
21 .- Which one of these do you want?
-_______Either will do.
A. I don't mindB. I'm sure
C. No problemD. Go ahead
22. Sarah looked atfinished painting withsatisfaction.
A.不填; aB. a; theC. the;不填D. the; a
23. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step
A. has shownB. is showing
C. showsD. showed
24. It is by no means clearthe president can do to end the strike.
A. howB. whichC. thatD. what
25. I don't believe we've met before,I must say you do look familiar.
A. thereforeB. although
C. sinceD. unless
26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much
A. the bestB. best
C. betterD. the better
27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She canalmost every word her teacher says.
A. put outB. put downC. put awayD. put together
28. The party will be held in the garden, weather
A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit
29. This restaurant wasn'tthat other restaurant we went to.
A. half as good asB. as half good asC as good as halfD. good as half as
30.1use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.-
A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. shouldn'tD. needn't
31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, butof them wants to, because they have work to do.
-A. eitherB. anyC. neitherD none
32. Film has a much shorter history, especially whensuch art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared toB. comparing to
-C. compare toD. compared to
33.1 had been working on math for the whole aftensoon and the numbersbefore my eyes.
A. swimB. swumC. swamD. had swum
34. You have to move out of the waythe truck cannot get past you.
A. soB. orC andD. but
35. If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say willher.
A persuadeB. promiseC. inviteD. support
第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中,选出可以填入
空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks36 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more37than we realize. In fact, non-verbal(非言语)communication takes up about 50% of what we really38 . Andbody language is particularly _ 39when we attempt to communicate across cultures.
Indeed, what is called body language is so40a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.41, different societies treat the 42between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having4 3 contact(接触)even with friends, and certainly not with 44- . People from Latin American countries,45,touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in 46. it may look like a Latino is47a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving' 48 _. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 49 which the Latino will in return regard as一50-.
Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 51. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from 52 cultures, there's a strong possibility of 53. But whatever the situation, the best54is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be _55.
36. A. straighterB. louder
C. harderD. further
37. A. soundsB. invitations
C. feelingsD. messages
38. A. hopeB. receive
C. discoverD. mean
39. A. immediateB. misleading
C. importantD. difficult
40. A. wellB. far
C. muchD. long
41. A. For exampleB. Thus
C. HoweverD. In short
42. A. tradeB. distance
C. connectionD. greetings
43. A. eyeB. verbal
C. bodilyD. telephone
44. A. strangersB. relatives
C. neighborD. enemies
45. A. in other wordsB. on the other hand
C. in a similar wayD. by all means
46. A. troubleB. conversation
C. silenceD. experimem
47. A. disturbingB. helping
C. guidingD. following
48. A. closerB. faster
C. inD. away
49. A. stepping forwardB. going on
C. backing awayD. coming out
50. A. weaknessB. carelessness
C. friendlinessD. coldness
51. A. talkB. travel
C. laughD. think
52. A. differentB. European
C. LatinoD. rich
53. A. curiosityB. excitement
C. misunderstandingD. nervousness
54. A. chanceB. time
C. resultD. advice
55. A. noticedB. treated
C respectedD. pleased
第三部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 ((共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A. B. C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places:
Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest. Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings(签名) by children's favorite writers, and even musical performances and other arts.
Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.
Go to aYoutheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet (木偶) making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.
Try hands-on science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building.. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.
56. If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit
A. a YoutheaterB. an art museum
C. a natural history museumD. a hands-on science museum
57. What can kids do at a Youtheater?
A. Look at rock collections.B. See dinosaur models.
C. Watch puppet making.D. Give performances.
58. What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph?
A. Science games designed by kids.
B. Learning science by doing things.
C. A show of kids' science work.
D. Reading science books.
59. Where does this text probably come from?
A. A science textbook.B. A tourist map.
C. A museum guide.D. A news report.
B
Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious.
Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees' nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?
A. It's small in size.
B. It's hidden in trees.
C. It's covered with wax.
D. It's hard to recognize.
61. What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A bee.B. A bird.
C. A honey seeker.D. A beekeeper.
62. The honey guide is special in the way.
A. it gets its foodB. it goes to church
C. it sings in the forestD. it reaches into bees' nests
63. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Wild BeesB. Wax and Honey
C. Beekeeping in AfricaD. Honey-Lover's Helper
C
About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our "act" would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.
We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path.Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was
wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in "snow". Two more fans were turned on, and a "strong wind" blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.
The next scene was a complete contrast(对比).The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen. An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water's edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!
Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film ”Stars”!
64. Who is the author?
A. A cameraman.B. A film director.
C. A crowd-scene actorD. A workman for scene setting
65. What made the author feel cold?
A. The heavy snowfall.B. The man-made scene.
C. The low temperature.D. The film being shown.
66. What would happen in the "three minutes" mentioned, in the last paragraph?
A. A new scene would be filmed.
B. More stars would act in the film.
C. The author would leave the studio.
D. The next scene would be prepared.
D
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule. that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overleatning explains why crammingJ(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.
67.What‘the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.“
D. Stories for children are easy to remember.
68. The author explains the law of overlearning by
A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples
69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is
A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies
70.What is the author's opinion on cramming?
A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It's helpful only in a limited way.
C. It's possible to result in poor memory.
D. It increases students' learning interest.
第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress
Everybody gets stressed time to time.71Some ways of dealing with stress like screaming or hitting someone don't solve (解决),much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.
Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:
(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to “trusted adult, such as “parent or other relatives.72They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
(2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself.73.
(3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults andfriends, it's time to get down to business.74Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.
(4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster.75
A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.
C. Different people feel stress in different ways
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don't forget about your friends.
G. Then, find a way to calm down.
第Ⅱ卷
注意:将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第四部分写作 (共两节,满分35分)
短文改错(共10小题;每小题I分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, "That's it. No more toys to you." My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last My attitude changed from then on.
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华,从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡((Singapore)举办夏令营,欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。
内容主要包括:
I.自我介绍(包括英语能力);
2.参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家);
3.希望获准.
注意:
1.词数100左右:
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。
答案
第一、二、三部分:
1.C2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C
10.C11.A12.B13.B14.A15.A16.B17.A18.A
19.C20.A21.A22.C23.C24.D25.B26.D27.B
28.A29.A30.D31.C32.D33.C34.B35.A36.B
37.D38.D39.C40.C41.A42.B43.C44.A45.B
46.B47.D48.A49.C50.D51.A52.A53.C54.D
55.B56.C57.C58.B59.C60.B61.C62.A63.D
64.C65.B66.A67.A68.D69.A70.B71.C72.F
73.A74.E75.D
内容要点
1.个人情况(包括英语能力)
2.参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家)
3.希望获准
4.合适的结尾
五、One Possible Version
Dear Sir or Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. I know that you welcome students from different countries and I'd like to take part in it. I've been learning English for 10 years, and I speak fluent English. What is more, I'JI be able to tell students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well. I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.
Looking forward to your reply!
Regards,
Li Hua
三 : 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文
绝密★启用前
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
[www.61k.com)语文
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。第Ⅰ卷1至4页,第Ⅱ卷5至8页。考试结束后,将本卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷
注意事项:
1.答题前,考试在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,并贴好条形码。请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,在试题卷上作答无效。
3.第Ⅰ卷共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求。
一、(12分,每小题3分)
1.下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是
A.颀长(qí)悚然(sù)彰善瘅恶(dàn)韬光养晦(huì)
b.人寰(huán)攫取(jué)寻瑕伺隙(xì)啮臂为盟(niè)
C.抵牾(yǔ)横亘(gèn)造福桑梓(zǐ)筋疲力尽(jīn)
D.鞭挞(tà)骨骼(gé)辗转反侧(niǎn)蜚声中外(fēi)
2.下列各句中,加点的成语使用恰当的一项是
A.该产品的试用效果非常好,相信它大量投产后将不孚众望,公司一定会凭借产品的优异品质在激烈的市场竞争中取得骄人业绩。
B.某市两家报社相继推出的立体报纸受到广大市民的热烈追捧,更多的立体报纸呼之欲出,可能会成为当地报业的一种发展趋势。
C.中国古典家具曾经非常受消费者亲睐,后来很长一段时间市场上却没有了踪影,而在全球崇古风气盛行的今天,它又渐入佳境了。
D.这位专家的回答让我有一种醍醐灌顶的感觉,实在没想到这个困扰我两年的问题他却理解得那么透彻、解释得那么轻松。
3.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是
A.他在英语国家工作一年,不但进一步提高了英语交际能力,还参加过相关机构组织的阿拉伯语培训,掌握了阿拉伯语的基础应用。
B.建立监督机制非常重要,企业对制度的决策、出台、执行到取得成效的每个环节都纳入监督的范围,就能切实有效地增强执行力。
C.她对公益活动很有热情,并将这份热情带个了她所从事的产品策划和品牌推广工作中去,为公司树立良好的社会形象做出了贡献。
D.次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机带来的影响还在持续,随着经济全球化的日益深化,如何缓解就业压力已成为世界各国最大的难题。
4.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是
、、、、、。如在某些汉印中,就有“荼”字省作“茶”字的写法。
①民间的书写着出于某种考虑,将“荼”减去一笔,这就成了“茶”字
②随着饮茶习俗的推广,“茶”字的使用频率越来越高
③“荼”简写为“茶”,汉代已露端倪
④在中庸之前“荼”字写作“茶”,这恐怕不是我们人人都知道的
⑤茶作为饮品,我们都很熟悉
⑥“茶”有多个义项,“茶叶”义是其中之一
A.④⑥⑤②①③B.⑥②①⑤④③C.⑤④⑥②①③D.⑥④⑤②③①
二、(9分,每小题3分)
阅读下面文字,完成5-7题。
“横江西望阻西秦,汉水东连扬子津,白浪如山那可渡,狂风愁杀峭帆人。”这是李白《横江词》的第三首。横江即采石矶对岸的横江浦渡口。王琦《李太白集辑注》引有胡三省《资治通鉴鉴注》,“扬子津在今真州扬子县南,”扬子县位置在江都(扬州)西南,已靠近大江,扬子津更在其南,则是江边的津渡了。李白在诗中所以会由横江浦联想到扬子津,正式这个缘故。扬子津当时必然久已驰名,因为它乃是从江都入江的运河渡头,可是开元之后却为瓜洲所取代,中晚唐人诗中提到瓜洲的很多,而扬子津却很少见。胡三省乃宋元间人。那时候《资治通鉴》就已经需要有人来为扬子津做注了。扬子津作为运河渡口自然早已有之,扬子县的得名因此有可能是出于扬子津,然而它自身却久已沉埋,不为人所知晓了。
扬子津原来是个近江面的较低洼处。可是它与南岸从润州入江的运河渡口并不正好相对,嫌偏西了一些,而江中靠北岸处又有沙洲,这就造成了航行上的不便。《新唐书齐浣传》:“(浣)迁润州,州北距瓜步沙尾,于汇六十里,州多败溺,浣徒漕路由京口,治伊娄渠已达扬子,岁无覆舟减运钱数十万。”也就是说,渡江进入北岸的运河,不再通过扬子津,而是通过新开的伊娄河到达扬子县。李白《提瓜州新河饯族叔舍人贪》诗云:“齐公凿新河,万古流不绝。”指的便是这条河,而瓜洲从此也就取代了扬子津,成为大江北岸运河的著名津渡。白居易有《长相思》词:“汴水流,泗水流,流到瓜洲古渡头。”白居易的时代去开元未远,而瓜洲就已经成了古渡头,至于比起瓜洲来更古的扬子津,自然是早已在人们的记忆之中消失了。瓜洲浦成为便利的津渡是犹豫它正对南岸江边的京口,而京口的漕路是在开元二十五年齐浣迁润州后才兴修的,换句话说,旧漕路原来并不通京口。而要开辟一条通京口的新漕路却是十分艰辛的。宋代《新唐书音训》云:“京口在润州城东北甘露寺侧。”甘露寺正位于北固山,所以迁徙这段漕路,势必要紧贴着北固山下与山根的顽石打交手战,这样的工程自非一日之功。这也就是李白《丁督护歌》中所描绘的“万人凿磐石,无由达江浒”的施工场面。过去有些注家以为“无由达江浒”是犹豫运载石头的缘故。其实水运主要看舟船的吃水量,而不在于运石头还是运粮食,只要不超过吃水量,运什么都一样可行。其所以“无由达江浒”,只是由于山下的顽石还没有被凿通而已。这里李白的三首诗正好可以为瓜洲浦取代扬子津这一变迁作证,而同时《横江词》为李白早年作品,也就又多了一条证据。(摘编自林庚《闲话扬子津》)
5.下列关于本文第一段内容的表达,不符合原文意思的一项是
A.李白《横江词》第三首由横江浦联想到扬子津,是因为这两个地方都是长江边上有名的运河渡口。
B.中晚唐人的诗中很少提到扬子津,是因为当时瓜洲已经取代扬子津成为长江边上的运河渡口了。
C.胡三省虽然是宋元间人,但是读背诵司马光的《资治通鉴》已经有困难,需要有人来做注解才行。
D.扬子县谓语江都的西南方,之所以被命名为“扬子”,可能是因为该县的南部有久已驰名的扬子津。
6.下列理解,不符合原文意思的一项是
A.扬子津是长江边上的低洼处,并且跟南岸的运河渡口又不正好相对,而江中正对扬子津处又有沙洲,造成船舶航行十分不便。
B.齐浣迁官润州之后,把长江南岸的漕路迁徙到京口,又在北岸开凿了伊娄河,这样船舶渡江以后,就不再通过扬子津北上。
C.瓜洲浦地处伊娄河的入江处,由于正对着南岸江边的京口,并且京口已经开凿了新漕路,所以瓜洲浦就成为一个便利的渡口。
D.有注家认为李白诗句“无由达江浒”,是说由于石头过重,无法用船运到江浒。其实用船运石头和粮食是一样的,注家此说不能成立。
7.根据原文内容,下列推断不正确的一项是
A.对于南岸从润州入江的运河渡口来说,扬子津嫌偏西了一些,瓜洲浦则正对南岸的京口,所以瓜洲浦在扬子津的东面。
B.齐浣对漕路的改造,使船舶渡江到达北岸运河渡口的行程缩短了,并减少了覆舟的危险,为航运业的发展作出了贡献。
C.从礼拜《丁督护歌》中的“万人凿磐石”一句,可以知道开辟京口漕路的过程是非常艰辛的,耗费了大量的人力物力。
D.文中所引礼拜的三首诗正好反映了瓜洲浦取代扬子津的历史变迁,其中《横江词》写作最早,《丁督护歌》则写作最晚
三、(9分,每小题3分)
阅读下面的文言文,完成8~10题
郭浩宇充道,德顺军陇干人。徽宗时,尝率百骑抵灵州城下,夏人以千骑追之,浩手斩二骑,以首还。从种师道进筑茸平,敌据塞水源,以渴我师,浩率精骑数百夺之。敌攻石尖山,浩冒阵而前,流失中左肋,怒不拔,奋力大呼,得贼乃已;诸军从之,
敌遁去,由是知名。累迁中州刺史。钦宗即位,以种师道荐,召对,奏言:“金人暴露,日久思归。乞给轻兵间道驰滑台,时其半度,可击也。”会和战异议,不能用。帝问西事,浩曰:“臣在任已闻警,虑夏人必乘间盗边,愿选将设备。”已而果攻泾原路,取西安州、怀德军。绍圣开拓之地,复尽失之。建炎元年,知原州。二年,金人取长安,泾州守臣夏大节弃城遁,郡人亦降。浩适夜半至郡,所将才二百人,得金人,使之还,曰:“为语汝将曰,我郭浩也,欲战即来决战。”金人遂引去。绍兴元年,金人破饶风岭,盗梁、洋,入凤州,攻和尚原。浩适与吴璘往援,斩获万计。迁邠州观察使,徙知兴元府。饥民相聚米仓山为乱,浩讨平之。徙知利州。金人以步骑十余万破和尚原,进窥川口,抵杀金平,浩与吴玠大破之。迁彰武军承宣使。玠按本路提点刑狱宋万年阴与敌境通,利所鞫不同,由是与浩意不协,朝廷乃徙浩知金州兼永兴军路经略使。金州残弊特甚,户口无几,浩招辑流亡,开营田,以其规置颁示诸路。他军以匮急仰给朝廷,浩独积赢钱十万缗以助户部,朝廷嘉之,凡有奏请,得以直达。九年,改金、洋、房州节制。十四年,召见,拜检校少保。十五年,卒,年五十九。(节选自《宋史郭浩传》)
8.对下列句子中队加点词的解释,不正确的一项是
A.敌攻石尖山,浩冒阵而前冒:贸然B.奋力大呼,得贼乃己己:停止
C.乞给轻兵间道驰滑台乞:请求D.时其半度,可击也时:等候
9.以下各组句子中,全部表明郭浩奋勇抗击金人的一组是
①浩手斩二骑,以首还
②流失中左肋,怒不拔
③所将才二百人,得金人
④浩适与吴璘往援,斩获万计
⑤相聚米仓山为乱,浩讨平之
⑥浩与吴玠大破之
A.①②③B.①⑤⑥C.②④⑤D.③④⑥
10.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是
A.郭浩有胆有勇,屡立战功。徽宗时,他抗击夏人曾以少敌多:跟随种师道征战,他率领数百精骑夺回被敌军占据的水源,几次升官后担任中州刺史。
B.郭浩卓有见识,可惜建议未被采纳。钦宗即位后曾照他询问抗金之策以及西部战事,他坚决主战,提出应对之策,而朝廷举措失当,国土蒙受损失。
C.郭浩、吴介共同破敌,后感情产生隔阂。绍兴年间,金兵屡屡犯宋,二人联手大败金兵;吴举劾宋万年暗中通敌,郭不同意这一做法,被调往金州。
D.郭浩政治有方,金州状况好转。他初到任时间,金州极度破败,百姓流亡,经治理后积有余钱资助户部,收到朝廷嘉勉,并给与奏请可以直达的优遇。
绝密☆启用前
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
语文
第Ⅱ卷
注意事项:
1.答题前,考生先在答题卡上用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,然后贴好条形码。请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2.第Ⅱ卷共4页,请用直径0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上个体的答题区域内做答,在试卷上作答无效。
3.第Ⅱ卷共11小题,共120分。
四、(23分)(注意:在试题卷上作答无效)
11.把第Ⅰ卷文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)
(1)臣在任已闻警,虑夏人必乘间盗边,愿选将设备。
译文:。
(1)浩招辑流亡,开营田,以其规置颁示诸路。
译文:。
12.阅读下面这首唐诗,然后回答问题。(8)
落 叶
修睦注
雨过闲田地,重重落叶红。翻思向春日,肯信有秋风。
几处随流水,河边乱暮空。只应松自立,二不与君同。
[注]修睦:晚唐诗人。
(1)从写落叶的角度看,第二联与一、三两联的不同时如何体现出来的?这样写有什么作用?
答:。
(2)本诗最后一联为什么要写松?请简要分析。
答:。
13.补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。(两题任选一题作答:如果两题都答,则按第一小题计分)(5分)
(1),非能水也,。君子生非异也,。(《荀子·劝学》)
纷纷暮雪下辕门,。轮台东门送君去,。(岑参《白雪歌送武门判官归京》)
(2)月出于东山之上,。白露横江,。,凌万顷之茫然。(苏轼《赤壁赋》)
醉里挑灯看剑,梦回吹角连营。,,沙场秋点兵。(辛弃疾《破阵子》)
五、(22分)(注意:在试题卷上作答无效)
阅读下面的文字,完成14~17题。
听朗诵孙犁
一九八五年,九月十五日晚间,收音机里,一位教师正在朗诵《为了忘却的记念》。
这篇散文,是我青年时最喜爱的。每次阅读,都忍不住热泪盈眶。在战争年代,我还屡次抄录、油印,给学生讲解,自己也能背诵如流。
现在,在这空旷寂静的房间里,在昏暗孤独的灯光下,我坐下来,虔诚地、默默地听着。我的心情变得很复杂,很不安定,眼里也没有泪水。
五十年过去了,现实和文学,都有很大的变化。我自己,经历各种创伤,感情也迟钝了。五位青年作家的事迹,已成历史:鲁迅的这篇文章,也很久没有读,只是偶然听到。
革命的青年作家群,奔走街头,振臂高呼,最终为革命文学而牺牲。这些情景,这些声音,对当前的文坛来说,是过去了很久,也很远了。
是的,任何历史,即使是血写的历史,经过时间的冲刷,在记忆中,也会渐渐褪色,失去光泽。作为文物陈列的,宗教信徒,用血写的经卷,就是这样。关于仁人志士的记载,或仁人志士的遗言,在当时的以后,对人们心灵的感动,其深浅程度,总会有不同吧!他们的呼声,在当时,是一个时代的呼声,他们心的跳动,紧紧连接着时代的脉搏。他们的言行,就是群众的瞩望,他们的不幸,会引起全体人民的悲痛。时过境迁,情随事变,就很难要求后来的人,也有同样的感情。
时间无情,时间淘洗。时间沉淀,时间反复。历史不断变化,作家的爱好,作家的追求,也在不断变化,抚今思昔,登临凭吊的人,虽络绎不绝,究竟是少数。有些纪念文章,也是偶然的感喟,一时之兴怀。
世事虽然多变,人类并不应此九废弃文学,历史仍赖文字以传递。三皇五帝之迹,先秦两汉之事,均赖历史家、文学家记录,才得永久流传。如果没有文字,只凭口碑,多么重大的事件,不上百年,也就记忆不清了。文字所利用的工具也奇怪,竹木纸帛,遇上好条件,竟能千年不坏,比今时寿命还长。
能不能流传,不只看写的是谁,还要看是谁来写。秦汉之际,楚汉之争,写这个题材的人,当时不下百家。一到司马迁笔下,那些人和事,才活了起来,脍炙人口,永远流传。别家的书,却逐渐失落,亡佚。
白莽柔石,在当时,并无赫赫之名,事迹亦不彰著。鲁迅也只是记了私人的交往,朋友之间的道义,都是细节,都是琐事。对他们的革命事迹,或避而未谈,或谈得很简略。然而这篇充满血泪的文字,将使这几位青年作家,长期跃然纸上。他们的形象,鲁迅对他们的真诚而博大的感情,将永远鲜明地印在凭吊者的心中。
想到这里,我的心又平静了下来,清澈了下来。
文章与道义共存。文字可泯,道义不泯。而只要道义存在,鲁迅的文章,就会不朽。
1985年9月21日晨改抄讫 (有删改)
14.作者听朗诵时,“心情变得很复杂,很不安定,眼里也没有泪水”。这是为什么?请简要分析。(6分)
答:。
15.解释下列两句话在文中的含意。(4分)
(1)这些情景,这些声音,对当前的文坛来说,是过去了很久,也很远了。
答:。
(2)想到这里,我的心又平静了下来,清澈了下来。
答:。
16.在作者看来,影响历史与世事流传的主要因素有哪些?请简要说明。(6分)
答:。
17.这篇文章是怎样构思的?请简要分析。(6分)
答:。
六、(15分)(注意:在试题卷上作答无效)
18.从整个文段来看,下面划线的三个句子在语言表达上都有问题,请予修改。要求语意连贯,衔接自然,语句通顺,不改变原意。修改后的句子每句都不得超过15个字。(6分)
我的朋友老王,人称“戏痴”,自号“梨园客”。1由于用“客”来称呼,可见不是戏曲界的专业人士。但是,凡说起他,2他在戏曲界人人都知道。他特别爱听戏、爱唱歌,后来还成了有名的票友。他退休后又热衷于戏曲资料的收藏;买剧本,集唱片,淘剧照等,忙的不亦乐乎。3还有700余份戏单是他搜集的,而且都是上个世纪的。
答:1.。
2.。
3.。
19.请在下面划线处补写一句恰当的话,使它与后面部分构成一个完整的文段。不得超过220个字。(3分)
。音乐作品的“深度”有不同的表现形态。比较重要的形态通常有两种:
一是:“深刻”,而是“深邃”。大致说来,“深刻”是就作品的主题而言;“深邃”是就作品的意蕴而言。“深刻”诉之于意义,比较理性;“深邃”诉之于体验,比较感性。“深刻”如同在二维平面上的篆刻,是静态的;“深邃”却似三维空间中的景致,是动态的。西方音乐以“深刻”见长;中国音乐则以“深邃”著称。
答:。
20.仿照下面的示例,自选话题,另写三句话,要求使用比喻的修辞手法,句式与示例相同。(6分)
没有理想,人生就如迷宫,无论怎么坚持,都只是辨不清方向的盲目穿行;
没有理想,人生就如黑夜,无论怎么用心,都只是见不到光明的胡乱摸索;
没有理想,人生就如荒漠,无论怎么努力,都只是看不到希望的徒劳跋涉;
答:。
七、(60分)(注意:在试题卷上作答无效)
21.阅读下面的材料,根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。(60分)
周末,我从学校回家帮着干农活。今春雨多,道路泥泞,我挑着一担秧苗,在溜滑的田埂上走了没几步,就心跳加速,双腿发抖,担子直晃,只好放下,不知所措地站在那里。
妈妈在田里插秧,看到我的窘态,大声地喊:“孩子,外衣脱了,鞋子脱了,再试试!”
我脱了外衣和鞋袜,卷起裤脚,重新挑起担。咦,一下子就觉得脚底下稳当了,担子轻了,很快就把秧苗挑到妈妈跟前。
妈妈说:“你不是没有能力挑这个担子,你是担心摔倒,弄脏衣服,注意力不集中。脱掉外衣和鞋袜,就甩掉了多余的顾虑。”
要求选好角度,确定立意,明确文体,自拟标题;不要脱离材料内容及含义的范围作文,不要套作,不得抄袭。
四 : 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)文科数学及答案
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)
数 学(供文科考生使用)
一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)
1.已知集合A??x|x2?x?2?0?,B??x|?1?x?1?,则( )
A.A?B
?A?
B. B?
C.A?B D.
A?B??
2.复数z?
?3?i的共轭复数是( ) 2?i
A.2?i B.2?i C.?1?i D.?1?i
3.在一组样本数据?x1,y1?,?x2,y2?,???,?xn,yn?(n?2,x1,x2,???,xn不全相等)的散点图中,若所有样本点?xi,yi??i?1,2,???,n?都在直线y?
12
x?1上,则这组样本数据的样本相关系数为( )
A.?1
B.0
C.
12
D.1
4.设Fx2a
2
?y2b
?1?a?b?0?的左,右焦点,P为直线x?
3a1,F2是椭圆E:
2
2
上一点,?F2PF1是底角为
30?的等腰三角形,则E
的离心率为( ) A.
142
B.
23
C.
34
D.
5
5.已知正三角形ABC的顶点A?1,1?,B?1,3?,顶点C在第一象限,若点?x,y?在?ABC内部,则z??x?y的取值范围是( )
A.?1??
B.?0,2?
C.?1,2?
D.?0,1?
6.如果执行右边的程度框图,输入正整数N?N?2?和实数
a1,a2,???,aN
,输出A,B,则( )
A.A?B为a1,a2,???,aN的和 B.
A?B为2
a1,a2,???,aN的算术平均数
C.A和B分别是a1,a2,???,aN中最大的数和最小的数 D.A和B分别是a1,a2,???,aN中最小的数和最大的数 7.如图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗线画出的是某几何体的三视图,则此几何体的体积为( )
A.6 B.9 C.12 D.18
8.平面?截球O的球面所得圆的半径为1,球心O到平面?的距
则此球的体积为( )
A.
B.
C.
D. 9.已知??0,?0??π,直线x?
π4
和x?
5π4
是函数
f
?x??si?n?
?x??图像的两条相邻的对称轴,则??( )
A.
ππ4
B.
3
C.
π2
D.
3π4
10.等轴双曲线C的中心在原点,焦点在x轴上,C与抛物线y2?16x的准线交于A,B两点
,|AB|?则C的实轴长为( )
A.
B. C.4 D.8
11.当0?x?
12
时,4x?logax,则a的取值范围是( )
A.(0,
2
B.2
C.
D.2)
12.数列?an?满足an?1?(?1)nan?2n?1,则?an?的前60项和为( )
A.3690 B.3660 C.1845 D.1830 本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分.第13题~第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须做答.第22题~24题为选考题,考生根据要求做答.
二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)
13.曲线y?x?3lnx?1?在点?1,1?处的切线方程为________
14.等比数列?an?的前n项和为Sn,若S3?3S2?0,则公比q?________ 15.已知向量a,b夹角为45?,
且|a|?1,|2a?b|?,则|b|?________ 16.设函数f?x??
?x?1?
2
?sinx
2
的最大值为最小值为x?1
M,m,则M?m?________
三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分.解答题应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.) 17.(本小题12分)已知a,b,c分别为?ABC的三个内角的对边
,c?sinC?ccosA
(1)求A;
(2)若a?2,?
ABC求b,c.
18.(本小题12分)某花店每天以每枝5元的价格从农场购进若干枝玫瑰花,然后以每枝10元的价格出售.如果当天卖不完,剩下的玫瑰花作垃圾处理.
(1)若花店一天购进17枝玫瑰花,求当天的利润y(单位:元)关于当天需求量n(单位:枝)的函数解析式;
(2)
(i);
(ii)若花店一天购进17枝玫瑰花,以100天记录的各需求量的频率作为各需求量发生的概率,求当天的利润不少于75元的概率.
2012新课标卷数学 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)文科数学及答案
19.(本小题12分)如图,三棱柱ABC?A11B1C1中,侧棱垂直底面,?ACB?90?,AC?BC?2
AA1,D
是
棱AA1的中点.
(1)证明:平面BDCC1
1?平面BDC;
B1
(2)平面BDC1分此棱柱为两部分,求这两部分体积的比.
A1
D
B
A
20.(本小题12分)设抛物线C:x2?2py?p?0?的焦点为F,准线为l,A为C上一点,已知以F为圆心,FA为半径的圆F交l于B,D两点.
(1)若?BFD?90?,?
ABD的面积为求p的值及圆F的方程;
(2)若A,B,F三点在同一直线m上,直线n与m平行,且n与C只有一个公共点,求坐标原点到m,n距离的比值.
21.(本小题12分)设函数f?x??ex?ax?2
(1)求f?x?的单调区间;
(2)若a?1,k为整数,且当x?0时,?x?k?f'?x??x?1?0,求k的最大值.
请考生在第22,23,24题中任选一题做答.如果多做,则按所做的第一题记分.做答时,用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目对应的题号涂黑. 22.(本小题10分)选修4—1:几何证明选讲
如图,D,E分别为?ABC边AB,AC的中点,直线DE交?ABC的外接圆于F,G两点,若CF?AB,证明:
(1)CD?BC;
(2)?BCD??GBD.
23.(本小题10分)选修4—4:坐标系与参数方程
已知曲线Cx?2cos?1的参数方程是?
?为参数),以坐标原点为极点,x轴的正半轴为极轴建立
?y?3sin?
(?极坐标系,曲线C2的极坐标方程是??2.正方形ABCD的顶点都在C2上,且A,B,C,D依逆时针次序排列,点A的极坐标为(2,π
3).
(1)求点A,B,C,D的直角坐标;
(2)设P为C221上任意一点,求|PA|?|PB|2?|PC|?|PD|2的取值范围.
24.(本小题10分)选修4—5:不等式选讲
已知函数f?x??|x?a|?|x?2|.
(1)当a??3时,求不等式f?x??3的解集;
(2)若f?x??|x?4|的解集包含?1,2?,求a的取值范围.
2012新课标卷数学 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)文科数学及答案
一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给同的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。(www.61k.com)
(1)已知集合A={x|x2-x-2<0},B={x|-1<x<1},则
(A)A??B (B)B??A (C)A=B (D)A∩B=?
【命题意图】本题主要考查一元二次不等式解法与集合间关系,是简单题. 【解析】A=(-1,2),故B??A,故选B. (2)复数z=
?3?i
2?i
的共轭复数是
(A)2?i (B)2?i (C)?1?i (D)?1?i
【命题意图】本题主要考查复数的除法运算与共轭复数的概念,是简单题. 【解析】∵z=
?3?i2?i
=?1?i,∴z的共轭复数为?1?i,故选D.
(3)在一组样本数据(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(xn,yn)(n≥2,x1,x2,…,xn不全相等)的散点图中,若所有样本点(x11
i,yi)(i=1,2,…,n)都在直线y?2
x?1y=2
+1上,则这组样本数据的样本相关系
数为
(A)-1 (B)0 (C)1
2
(D)1
【命题意图】本题主要考查样本的相关系数,是简单题.
【解析】有题设知,这组样本数据完全正相关,故其相关系数为1,故选D.
2
2
(4)设Fxy
3a1,F2是椭圆Ea2?b
2=1(a>b>0)的左、右焦点,P为直线x?
2上一点,△F2PF1是底角为300的等腰三角形,则E的离心率为
A.
12
B.
23
C.
34
D.
45
【命题意图】本题主要考查椭圆的性质及数形结合思想,
是简单题.
【解析】∵△FF0
2P1是底角为30的等腰三角形,
∴?PF0
2A?60,|PF2|?|F1F2|?2c,∴|AF2|=c,∴2c?
32
a,∴e=
34
,故选C.
(5)已知正三角形ABC的顶点A(1,1),B(1,3),顶点C在第一象限,若点(x,y)在△ABC内部,
则z??x?y的取值范围是
(A)(1-,2) (B)(0,2) (C)(3-1,2) (D)(0,1+【命题意图】本题主要考查简单线性规划解法,是简单题.
【解析】有题设知
C(1+,作出直线l0:
?x?y?0,平移直线l0,有图像知,直线l:z??x?y过B点时,zmax=2,过C时,z
min=1?
∴z??x?y取值范围为(1-,2),
故选
A.
(6)如果执行右边的程序框图,输入正整数N(N≥2)和实数a1,a2,…,aN,输出A,B,则
A.A+B为a1,a2,…,aN的和
B.
A?B2
为a1,a2,…,aN的算术平均数
C.A和B分别为a1,a2,…,aN中的最大数和最小数 D.A和B分别为a1,a2,…,aN中的最小数和最大数
【命题意图】本题主要考查框图表示算法的意义,是简单题.
【解析】由框图知其表示的算法是找N个数中的最大值和最小值,A和B分别为a1,a2,…,aN中的最大数和最小数,故选C.
(7)如图,网格上小正方形的边长为1,粗线画出的是某几何体的三视图,则几何体的体积为 A.6 B.9 C.12 D.18
【命题意图】本题主要考查简单几何体的三视图及体积计算,是简单题.
【解析】由三视图知,其对应几何体为三棱锥,其底面为一边长为
6,这边上高为3,棱锥的高为3,故其体积为
13
?
12
?6?3?3=9,
故选B.
(8)平面α截球O的球面所得圆的半径为1,球心O到平面α的距离为,则此球的体积为
(A)π (B)4π (C)4π (D)6π 【命题意图】 【解析】
(9)已知?>0,0????,直线x=?
5?4
和x=4
是函数f(x)?sin(?x??)图像的两条相邻的对
称轴,则?=
(A)π4 (B)π3 (C)π3π2 (D)4
【命题意图】本题主要考查三角函数的图像与性质,是中档题.
【解析】由题设知,??
=5?4??
4,∴?=1,∴??4??=k??2(k?
Z), ∴?=k???4
(
k?Z),∵0????,∴?
=?
4
,故选A.
(10)等轴双曲线C的中心在原点,焦点在x轴上,C与抛物线y2
?16x的准线交于A、B两点,|AB|=C的实轴长为
A
B
.
C.4 D.8
【命题意图】本题主要考查抛物线的准线、直线与双曲线的位置关系,是简单题.
【解析】由题设知抛物线的准线为:x?4,设等轴双曲线方程为:x
2?y
2?a
2
,将x?4代入
等轴双曲线方程解得y=|AB|==a=2,
2012新课标卷数学 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)文科数学及答案
∴C的实轴长为4,故选C.
(11)当0<x≤1
24x?logax,则a的取值范围是
(A)(0,2 (B)(2
2
1) (C)(1, (D)(,2)
【命题意图】本题主要考查指数函数与对数函数的图像与性质及数形结合思想,是中档题.
?【解析】由指数函数与对数函数的图像知?0?a?1
?1,解得0?a??1A. 22?loga2
?4
(12)数列{an}满足an?1?(?1)nan?2n?1,则{an}的前60项和为 (A)3690 (B)3660 (C)1845 (D)1830 【命题意图】本题主要考查灵活运用数列知识求数列问题能力,是难题. 【解析】【法1】有题设知
a2?a1=1,① a3?a2=3 ② a4?a3=5 ③ a5?a4=7,a6?a5=9,
a7?a6=11,a8?a7=13,a9?a8=15,a10?a9=17,a11?a10=19,a12?a11?21,
……
∴②-①得a1?a3=2,③+②得a4?a2=8,同理可得a5?a7=2,a6?a8=24,a9?a11=2,
a10?a12=40,…,
∴a1?a3,a5?a7,a9?a11,…,是各项均为2的常数列,a2?a4,a6?a8,a10?a12,…是首项为8,公差为16的等差数列, ∴{a1n}的前60项和为15?2?15?8?2
?16?15?14=1830.
【法2】可证明:
bn?1?a4n?1?a4n?2?a4n?3?a4n?4?a4n?3?a4n?2?a4n?2?a4n?16?bn?16 b1?a1?a2?a3?a41
?0?S151?0
1?15?14
2
1?6
?1 830
二.填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分。(www.61k.com]
(13)曲线y?x(3lnx?1)在点(1,1)处的切线方程为________
【命题意图】本题主要考查导数的几何意义与直线方程,是简单题.
【解析】∵y??3lnx?4,∴切线斜率为4,则切线方程为:4x?y?3?0. (14)等比数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,若S3+3S2=0,则公比q=_______
【命题意图】本题主要考查等比数列n项和公式,是简单题.
【解析】当q=1时,S3=3a1,S2=2a1,由S3+3S2=0得,9a1=0,∴a1=0与{an}是等比数2
列矛盾,故q≠1,由S(1?q3
)3a3+3S2=0得,
a11(1?q)1?q
?
1?q
?0,解得q=-2.
(15) 已知向量a,b夹角为450
,且|a|=1,|2a?b|b
. 【命题意图】.本题主要考查平面向量的数量积及其运算法则,是简单题. 【解析】∵|2a?b
|=,平方得4a2?4a?b+b2?10,
即|b2
|?|b?
|6?0,解得
|b|=2
(16)设函数f(x)=(x+1)+sinx
x+1
的最大值为M,最小值为m,则M+m=____
【命题意图】本题主要考查利用函数奇偶性、最值及转换与化归思想,是难题. 【解析】f(x)=1?2x?sinxx2
?1,
设g(x)=f(x)?1=
2x?sinxx2?1
,则g(x)是奇函数,
∵f(x)最大值为M,最小值为m,∴g(x)的最大值为M-1,最小值为m-1,
∴M?1?m?1?0,M?m=2.
三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤。 (17)(本小题满分12分)已知a,b,
c分别为?ABC三个内角A,B,C的对边,
c?
sinC?csinA. (Ⅰ)求A;
(Ⅱ)若a=2,?AB
Cb,c.
【命题意图】本题主要考查正余弦定理应用,是简单题. 【解析】(Ⅰ)
由c?sinC?csinA及正弦定理得
sinA
siCn?
sAin
Cs?in
C sin
由于sinC?0,所以sin(A??
6
)?
12
,
又0?A??,故A?
?
3
.
(Ⅱ) ?ABC的面积S=
12
bcsinA,故bc=4,
而 a2?b2?c2?2bccosA 故c2?b2
=8,解得b?c=2.
18.(本小题满分12分)某花店每天以每枝5元的价格从农场购进若干枝玫瑰花,然后以每枝10元的价格出售。如果当天卖不完,剩下的玫瑰花做垃圾处理。 (Ⅰ)若花店一天购进17枝玫瑰花,求当天的利润y(单位:元)关于当天需求量n(单位:枝,n∈N)的函数解析式。
(ii)若花店一天购进17枝玫瑰花,以100天记录的各需求量的频率作为各需求量发生的概率,求当天的利润不少于75元的概率.
【命题意图】本题主要考查给出样本频数分别表求样本的均值、将频率做概率求互斥事件的和概率,是简单题.
【解析】(Ⅰ)当日需求量n?17时,利润y=85;
2012新课标卷数学 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)文科数学及答案
当日需求量n?17时,利润y?10n?85,
?10n?85,n?17,
∴y关于n的解析式为y??(n?N);
85, n?17,?
设A(x0,y0),根据抛物线定义得,|FA|=∵?
ABD的面积为S?ABD=
12
p2
?y0,
p2)=12?2p?
=,解得p=2,
(Ⅱ)(i)这100天中有10天的日利润为55元,20天的日利润为65元,16天的日利润为75
元,54天的日利润为85元,所以这100天的平均利润为
1100
(55?10?65?20?75?16?85?54)=76.4;
|BD|(y0?
∴F(0,1),
FA|=, ∴圆F的方程为:x2?(y?1)2?8;
(Ⅱ) 【解析1】∵A,B,F三点在同一条直线m上, ∴AB是圆F的直径,?ADB?900, 由抛物线定义知|AD|?|FA|?1|AB|,∴?ABD?30,∴m
(ii)利润不低于75元当且仅当日需求不少于16枝,故当天的利润不少于75元的概率为 ,
p?0.16?0.16?0.15?0.13?0.1?0.7
(19)(本小题满分12分)如图,三棱柱ABC?A1B1C1中,侧棱垂
直底面,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=1
2
1,D是棱AA1的中点。[www.61k.com)
(I) 证明:平面BDC1⊥平面BDC1
(Ⅱ)平面BDC1分此棱柱为两部分,求这两部分体积的比.
【命题意图】本题主要考查空间线线、线面、面面垂直的判定与性质及几何体的体积计算,考查空间想象能力、逻辑推理能力,是简单题.
【解析】(Ⅰ)由题设知BC⊥CC1,BC⊥AC,CC1?AC?C,∴BC?面ACC1A1, 又∵
DC1?面ACC1A1,∴DC1?BC,
由题设知?A450
1DC1??ADC?,∴?CDC1=900,即DC1?DC,
又∵DC?BC?C, ∴DC1⊥面BDC, ∵DC1?面BDC1, ∴面BDC⊥面BDC1;
(Ⅱ)设棱锥B?DACC1?21的体积为V1,AC=1,由题意得,V1=1
3?
2
?1?1=
12
,
由三棱柱ABC?A1B1C1的体积V=1,
∴(V?V1):V1=1:1, ∴平面BDC1分此棱柱为两部分体积之比为1:1.
(20)(本小题满分12分)设抛物线C:x2
?2py(p>0)的焦点为F,准线为l,A为C上一点,已知以F为圆心,FA为半径的圆F交l于B,D两点.
(Ⅰ)若?BFD?900
,?
ABD的面积为p的值及圆F的方程;
(Ⅱ)若A,B,F三点在同一条直线m上,直线n与m平行,且n与C只有一个公共点,求坐
标原点到m,n距离的比值.
【命题意图】本题主要考查圆的方程、抛物线的定义、直线与抛物线的位置关系、点到直线距离公式、线线平行等基础知识,考查数形结合思想和运算求解能力.
【解析】设准线l于y轴的焦点为E,圆F的半径为r, 则|FE|=p,|FA|?|FB|=|FD|=r,E是BD的中点,
(Ⅰ) ∵?BFD?900,∴|FA|?
|FB|=|FD|=,|BD|=2p,
2
3
3
∴直线m
的方程为:y??3x?
p2
,∴原点到直线m的距离d
1=
4
p,
设直线n
的方程为:y??
2
3?b,代入x2
?
2py得,x?
3
x?2pb?0,
∵n与C只有一个公共点, ∴?=42
p3
p?8pb?0,∴b??
6
,
∴直线n
的方程为:y??
p3?
6
,∴原点到直线n的距离d
212
p,
∴坐标原点到m,n距离的比值为3.
2】由对称性设A(xx20p
0,2p)(x0?0),则F(0,2)
2
2
点A,B关于点F对称得:B(?x0,p?
x0
2p
)?p?
x0
22p
??
p2
?x0?3p2
3p
?
p
得:A
,
3p2
),直线m:y?x?p2?x?
?
2
?0
x2
?2py?y?x
2
2p
?y??
xp
?3?x?
3
p?
切点P3
,
p6
)
直线n:y?
p6?
3
x?
3
)?x??6
p?0
坐标原点到m,n
2
6
?3。
21)(本小题满分12分)设函数f(x)= ex-ax-2
(Ⅰ)求f(x)的单调区间
(Ⅱ)若a=1,k为整数,且当x>0时,(x-k) f′(x)+x+1>0,求k的最大值 请考生在第22、23、24题中任选一题做答,如果多做,则按.
22. (本小题满分10分)选修4-1:几何选讲
如图,D,E分别是△ABC边AB,AC的中点,直线DE交△ABC
所做
的
外
【解析
(
的第一题计分,做答时请写清题号
2012新课标卷数学 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)文科数学及答案
接圆与F,G两点,若CF∥AB,证明: (Ⅰ) CD=BC;
(Ⅱ)△BCD∽△GBD.
【命题意图】本题主要考查线线平行判定、三角形相似的判定等基础知识,是简单题. 【解析】(Ⅰ) ∵D,E分别为AB,AC的中点,∴DE∥BC, ∵CF∥AB, ∴BCFD是平行四边形,
∴CF=BD=AD, 连结AF,∴ADCF是平行四边形, ∴CD=AF,
∵CF∥AB, ∴BC=AF, ∴CD=BC; (Ⅱ) ∵FG∥BC,∴GB=CF, 由(Ⅰ)可知BD=CF,∴GB=BD,
∵∠DGB=∠EFC=∠DBC, ∴△BCD∽△GBD.
23. (本小题满分10分)选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程
?x?2cos?
已知曲线C1的参数方程是?(?是参数),
y?3sin??
以坐标原点为极点,x轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线C2:的极坐标方程是?=2,正方形ABCD的顶点都在C2上,且A,B,C,D依逆时针次序排列,点A的极坐标为(2,(Ⅰ)求点A,B,C,D的直角坐标;
(Ⅱ)设P为C1上任意一点,求|PA|2?|PB|2?|PC|2?|PD|2的取值范围. 【命题意图】本题考查了参数方程与极坐标,是容易题型. ??????
【解析】(Ⅰ)由已知可得A(2cos,2sin),B(2cos(?),2sin(?)),
3
3
3
2
3
2
C(2cos(
当2<x<3时,f(x)≥3,无解;
当x≥3时,由f(x)≥3得2x?5≥3,解得x≥8, ∴f(x)≥3的解集为{x|x≤1或x≥8};
(Ⅱ) f(x)≤|x?4|?|x?4|?|x?2|?|x?a|,
当x∈[1,2]时,|x?a|?|x?4|?|x?2|=4?x?x?2=2,
∴?2?a?x?2?a,有条件得?2?a?1且2?a?2,即?3?a?0, 故满足条件的a的取值范围为[-3,0].
?
3
).
?
3
??),2sin(
?
3
??)),D(2cos(
?
3
?
3?2
2
),2sin(
?
3
?
3?2
)),
即A(1
,),B
(-,1),C(―1
,―,D
,-1), (Ⅱ)设P(2cos?,3sin?),令S=|PA|?|PB|?|PC|?|PD|, 则S=16cos??36sin??16=32?20sin?, ∵0?sin??1,∴S的取值范围是[32,52].
24.(本小题满分10分)选修4-5:不等式选讲 已知函数f(x)=|x?a|?|x?2|.
(Ⅰ)当a??3时,求不等式 f(x)≥3的解集;
(Ⅱ) 若f(x)≤|x?4|的解集包含[1,2],求a的取值范围. 【命题意图】本题主要考查含绝对值不等式的解法,是简单题. ??2x?5,x?2?
【解析】(Ⅰ)当a??3时,f(x)=?1, 2?x?3,
?2x?5,x?3?
当x≤2时,由f(x)≥3得?2x?5?3,解得x≤1;
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
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