一 : 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
2010 年 12 月日语 N1 真题
問題 1 ＿＿＿の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、１?２?３?４から一つ選びなさい。（www.61k.com］ １ 話が 本筋 からそれてしまった。
１ もとすじ １ はんそう 1 しんり １ きわめて 1 けずって ６ 靴のひもを締めた。
1 からめた
２ ゆるめた
３ はめた
４ しめた
２ もときん ２ ばんそう ２ すいり ２ あらためて ２ つのって
３ ほんすじ ３ はんそ ３ どうり ３ つとめて ３ ほって
４ ほんきん ４ ばんそ ４ ろんり ４ つきつめて ４ ねって
２ ３
４ ５
問題 2 （ ）に入れるのに最もよいものを、１?２?３?４から一つ選びなさい。
）。
３ 報じた ３ 費やす
）を積んできた。
３ ステータス ３ 側 ３ 円滑に ３ 親密
しじょう
７ 各国のテレビがそのニュースを（
１ 投じた ８ 森林伐採が環境に（
１ 及ぼす
よ し だ
２ 配送した ）影響は大きい。 ２ 授ける ２ ポジション ２ 面 ２ しなやかに
）を強めよう。
２ 結束 ２ 根源
４ 配布した ４ 掲げる ４ キャリア ４ 内 ４ 性急に ４ 緊密 ４ 発端
９ 吉田さんは弁護士として２０年もの（
１ ベテラン １ 上 11 交渉が（
１ しとやかに １ 収束 １ 背景
10 この小説の主人公は、歴史（
）の人物をモデルにしている。
）進み、無事に契約することができた。
12 次の大会に向けて、チームの（ 13 その企業は巨大な資本を（
）に、海外の市場に進出した。
３ 後援
問題３ ＿＿＿の言葉に意味が最も近いものを、１?２?３?４から一つ選びなさい。
14 今回の研修会は、出席者がまばらだった。
1 多かった 3 まじめだった
昨日は一日中どんよりした天気だった。
1 曇っていて暗かった 3 風が吹いて涼しかった
父は毎朝、丹念に新聞に目を通す。 1 ぼうっと
2 ちらっと
3 じっくりと 2 順調に進んでいる 4 急激に増えている
4 ざっと
2 4 2 4
尐なかった ふまじめだった 晴れていて明るかった 雨が降って蒸し暑かった
15
16
17 最近、仕事がはかどっている。 1 予想外に遅れている
3 徐々に減っている
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
18 の結果、この計画は 見合わせることになりました。(www.61k.com]
3 変更する
19 激しい雨のため、やむをえず試合は延期することになった。
1 しかたなく 2 まもなく
3 思いがけなく
1 承認する 2 実施する 4 中止する 4 限りなく
問題 4 次の言葉の使い方として最もよいものを、１?２?３?４から一つ選びなさい。 20 調達
1 新しい事業のために、資金を調達しなければならない。
2 インターネットで奨学金の申請方法を調達した。
4 環境問題に対する各国の若者の意識を調達した。
21 細心
1 初めて一人で海外旅行をしたときは、細心の思いをした。
2 この二つの言葉は似ているが、細心のところでは意味が異なる。
3 美術品の運搬には、細心の注意を払う必要がある。
4 イベントの概要は伺いましたが、細心の説明はまだです。
22 意地
1 彼は何がやりたいのか、 意地がはっきりしない。
2 そう 意地 を張らずに、すなおに謝ったほうがいいよ。
3 会議で、この調査の意地を説明した。
4 わが社は顧客の意地に沿った商品開発を目指している。
23 めきめき
1 あのひとは発言するたびに意見がめきめき変わる。
2 入院して、健康のありがたみをめきめき感じた。
3 遠慮しないで、めきめき召し上がってくださいね。
4 水泳教室に通ったおかげで、めきめき上達した。
24 目先
1 田中さんはつい目先に帰ってしまいましたよ。
2 あのモデルのファッションは流行の目先を行っている。
3 目先 の利益を追うのではなく、会社の将来を考えるべきだ。
4 決勝戦を目先に控え、選手はだいぶ緊張しているようだ。
25 見落とす
1 人が困っているのを見落とすわけには行かない。
2 飛行機に乗っている間、窓からずっと海を見落としていた。
3 部長は、気づいていたようだが、今回の失敗を見落としてくれた。
4 メールが多すぎて、重要な連絡を見落としていた。 3 希望の職種に就くためには、早めに必要な資格を 調達したほうがいい。
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
問題 5 次の文の（
やまかわ ）に入れるのに最もよいものを、１?２?３?４から一つ選びなさい。［www.61k.com］ ）最新型車両を導入し、１５日から営業運転を開始する。 26 山川鉄道は、３月で開業９０年を迎えるの（
1 を限りに 2 を皮切りに 3 をよそに 4 を機に
27 いかなる理論でも、データによって実証されなければ多くの人に（ ）しない。
1 受け入れは 2 受け入れられは
3 受け入れられては 4 受け入れられることは
28 （テレビのコマーシャルで）
「こちらは添加物を（ ）使用していない、ヘルシーな食用油です。」
1 いっさい 2 とても 3 きっと 4 まさか
29 「今回のプロジェクトを任され、その責任の重さに身が引き締まる（ ）です。」
1 考え 2 見込み 3 思い 4 始末
30 「このたびは、私どもの商品発送ミスにより、お客様に大変ご迷惑をおかけしましたことを深くめいわく （
申し訳ございませんでした。」
1 わびていただきます 2 わびていらっしゃいます
3 おわびいただきます 4 おわび申し上げます
31 上司「君、困る（ ）！資料にミスがあったぞ。君のせいで大恥をかいたよ。 」
部下「すみません。うっかりしておりまして……」
1 じゃないか 2 のではないか
3 じゃないのか 4 のではないのか。
32 地球温暖化抑制への貢献が、ここ 10 年あまりの間に、優良企業の条件の一つ（ ）ようだ。
1 としうる 2 となりうる
3 としつつある 4 となりつつある
33 子ども「お母さん、来週の日曜日、さくら山に行ってもいい？」 母親「だめよ。今の季節、あの山
にはハチがたくさん出るのよ。万が一、（ ）大変でしょ。」 1 刺されさえしたら 2 刺されでもしたら
3 刺させるなどしても 4 刺させるくらいしても
34 自慢する（ ）が、私は入社以来 10 年、一度も遅刻をしたことがない。
1 だけのことではない 2 ほどのことではない
3 だけのことに過ぎない 4 ほどのことに過ぎない
35 「いくら注意しても、後輩が同じ失敗を繰り返します。私は注意し続けるべきで
しょうか。それとも本人が気づくまで、もう何も言う（ ）。」
1 べきでしょうか 2 べきなのでしょうか
3 べきではないのでしょうか 4 べきなのではないでしょうか。
問題 6 次の文の ★ に入る最もよいものを、１?２?３?４から一つ選びなさい。
(問題例)
★ は山田さんです。
１ テレビ ２ 見ている ３ を ４ 人
(解答の仕方)
１．正しい文はこうです。 。 ）
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
36 山田監督は私の恩人です。［www.61k.com)今の
1 あっての
★
3 私が
ことです。
4 監督
2 あるのも
37 いったん仕事を引き受けた
1 彼の性格
2 からして
最後までやり通すに違いない。
4 責任感の強い
、単純な彼は簡単に信じてしまった。
3 からには ★ 2 だって 4 ことくらい
38 ちょっと考えれば、さっきの話が冗談
1 わかるだろう 3 に
や ま だ
★
39 かつて映画スターであった山田氏が初挑戦で知事選に勝利したのは、能力という 大きい。 2 より 40
1 水やりを 2 さえ
1 ところが
4 人気と知名度に
ちゃんと育ちますよ。
3 しなければ 4 忘れ
3 よる
問題 7 次の文章を読んで、の中に入る最もよいものを、１?２?
３?４から一つ選びなさい。
いまはコミュニケーション能力が過剰に求められる時代である。職場でも学校でも、あるい はもっとプライベートな空間でもいい。あらゆる人間関係において、自分の価値を認めても らうためには高度なコミュニケーション能力が必要とされる。書店に行けばコミュニケーシ ョン能力を高めるための自己啓発本があり余るほどでているし、わざわざそのための学校に 4 1 。 確かに、いまの産業のあり方をみると、コミュニケーションが富を生み出す経済活動の中心
にきていることがわかる。製造業は人件費の安い海外に工場をどんどん移転させ、国内に残 っているのは、マネジメントや企画、研究開発、マーケティングといった本社機能的な仕事 ばかり。そこでは、組織をまとめあげる、アイディアを出す、交渉する、プレゼンをする、ディスカッションをするといった、高いコミュニケーション能力が必要とされる活動がどう しても物を言う。社会のあり方が、工場中心からコミュニケーション中心へと大きく転換し ているのである。
しかし、コミュニケーション能力が、人びとの価値を決める独占的な尺度になることは、2 事実、コミュニケーションべたで自己アピールにそれほど長け（注１） 能力のある人はいっぱいいる。私も大学でゼミを指導していると、ゼミの議論では目立って いてもリポートの出来はそれほどでもない学生や、逆にゼミではおとなしくてもすばらしい
リポートを書いてくる学生に頻繁にであう。コミュニケーションの巧みさと本人の能力は必
た
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
ずしも一致しない。[www.61k.com） もちろんコミュニケーション能力も人間の能力の一つではある。それが評価基準の
一つになることは当然あっていい。 2） な競争は、人間関係にひずみをももたらすだろう。 引きこもりは、社会のなかで要求されるコミュニケーション能力があまりに高いため、一度 他者とのコミュニケーションにつまずくと、なかなか新たなコミュニケーションに踏み出せ
なくなってしまうことから生まれる。引きこもりまでいかなくても、周りとのコミュニケー ションのなかで自分がまともに相手にされなければ、誰だって心を閉ざしてしまい、内にこ もりがちになるだろう。コミュニケーション能力をめぐる競争が激しい社会は、 とても冷淡だ。
また、いじめは、子供たちのコミュニケーション能力の欠如からおきているのではなく、逆 に、みんなが空気を読みすぎることで生じるストレスのはけ口を特定の人間に向けることで おきている。こうしたストレスや重圧は、子供に限った問題ではない。空気を壊してはなら ないという圧力は、人々にコミュニケーション能力をさらに要求するだろう。しかし、それ が進めば、社会のなかで同調圧力が強まり、社会そのものが萎縮（注 3 ） （萱野稔人「私の視点」２００９年４月９日付朝日新聞朝刊による）
（注１）長ける：優れている
（注２）過当な：適当な程度を超えている
（注３）萎縮する：元気がなくなる
41 か と う た か と う いしゅく
１ 通う人もいるほどだ
３ 通うべきである
42
１ 極めて当然のことではないか
３ はたして健全なのだろうか
43
１ したがって
３ それどころか
44
１ こうしてつまずかせる
３ それにつまずいてしまった
45
１ してしまうのだろうか
３ してしまうものでもない ２ 通うまでもなかろう ４ 通う人がいるのだろうか ２ 極めて可能性が低いのではないか ４ はたして起こり得ないのだろうか ２ すなわち ４ とはいえ ２ そこから踏み出させる ４ ここから踏み出してしまった ２ してしまうだけである ４ してしまうとも言えまい
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
問題 8 次の（1）から（4）の文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを、１?２?３?４か
ら一つ選びなさい.
（1）
ほかの人の成功事例をマネすることが、必ずしも自分の成功を約束するものではなくなったのがいまの時代で す。（www.61k.com]昨日までの成功は、今日の成功を意味しません。そのような時代に大切なのは、やはり創造力です。そして 創造力とは新しいものをつくりだす力を意味している以上、失敗を避けて培えるものではありません。
創造力を身につける上でまず第一に必要なのは、決められた課題に解を出すことではなく、自分で課題を設定 する能力です。
（畑村洋太郎『失敗学のすすめ』による）
46 筆者によると、いまの時代に創造力を養うには何が必要か。
1 失敗を経験しながら課題を見つけ出す力
2 失敗を重ねながら課題をこなしていく力
3 失敗を生かしながら課題を遂行する力
4 失敗を受け入れながら課題を解く力
（2） 以下は、ある会社が取引先に出した文書でる。
2 010 年 11 月 10 日
エ―ピーシー株式会社 海外営
様
アサクラ株式
会社
国際課長
拝啓
貴社ますますご盛栄のこととお喜び申し上げます。
先日お知らせいたしました通り、弊社は、事業拡大のため、来年 1 月に本社を現在の朝日ビル（北森区）から山中ビル（西川区）に移転いたします。それに先立ちまして、これまで東川区にございました国際課も、12 月 3 日に山中ビル 5 階に移転することになりました。つきましては、以下の通り新住所および連絡先をお知らせいたします。
今後とも、なお一層のご愛顧のほどお願い申し上げます。
敬具
記
新住所
―5656
新 FAX 番号 ：0 3 ―7434 5657
以上 ：〒1 41 ―0023 山中ビル５階 新電話番号 東京都西川区：0 3 ―7434 大町 1 - ５- ２０ 西田良雄 業部長 田中春子
47 この文書で最も伝えたいことは何か。
1 アサクラ株式会社の国際課が 1 月に山中ビルに移転すること
2 アサクラ株式会社の国際課が 12 月に山中ビルに移転すること
3 アサクラ株式会社の本社と国際課が 1 月に山中ビルに移転すること
4 アサクラ株式会社の本社と国際課が 12 月に山中ビルに移転すること
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
（3） 価値観や科学的常識は、誰にとってもいつの世でも、変わらぬものだと感じがちです。（www.61k.com)しかしそれは雲の形の
ように、一見、静止しているように見えて、じつはゆっくりと変化しています。あまりにもゆっくり変化するた め、多くの人が、雲は静止画のように変化しないものだと信じているのです。
誰もが、たまたま自分の成長期に見ていた雲こそが「正しい雲の形」だと思い込みます。こうしてそれぞれの
（藤沢晃治『「わかりやすい教え方」の技術―「教え上手」になるための１３のポイント』による）
起こる原因をどのように説明しているか。 48 筆者は、 すれ違いが
1 見る雲の形はどの世代でも変わらないが、一人一人は違う雲の形を見ているため
2 見る雲の形はどの世代でも同じだが、一人一人の記憶の中で雲の形が変わっていくため
３ 見る雲の形は世代によって違うが、一人一人は雲の形はいつも同じだと思っているため
４ 見る雲の形は世代によって異なるが、一人一人の好きな雲の形はそれ以上に違うため
（4） データが示す姿は光の部分もあれば影の部分もある。そのどちらか一方だけを強調することは、分かりやすさ
という面はあるものの、 徒 に対立軸を先鋭化（注）させたり、無用の混乱を生じさせる危険性がある。
これらをいちいち意識しているのは大変であるが、尐なくともデータをやみくもに信じてしまう態度だけはと るべきでない。データの罠を見分ける力、すなわちデータリテラシーは、多くの人にとって必要なものではある が、本来は、公平で客観的な報道に努めるべきメディアに携わる人間が、しっかりと備えていなければならない 必須の条件である。
（田村秀「データの罠―世論はこうしてつくられる」によ
る） 注：先鋭化させる：ここでは、目立たせる。
49 筆者によると、報道に携わる人間が備えておくべき必須条件とは何か。
１ 示されたデータから影の部分を取り除く力。
２ 示されたデータが偏ったものではないか見抜く力。
３ 示されたデータをありのまま分かりやすく伝える力。
わな いたずら ４ 示されたデータから報道目的に合ったものを選び取る力。
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
問題９
次の（1）から（3）の文章を読んで、後の問に対する答えとして最もよいものを、１?２?３?４から 一つ選びなさい。［www.61k.com]
（1）
すでに地図の空白がなくなった現在、地理的な冒険や探検といった行為は、時間が経つにつれてどんどん不可 能になってきている。ジャーナリストの本多勝一氏は、冒険の条件として「命の危険性」と「行為の主体性」の てくる。ここでいう表現とは、地図上に誰もたどったことがない軌跡を描くという意味である。これまでの人類 の歩みを俯瞰（注１）して、その隙間を見つけ、自分なりの方法で空白を埋めていく行為と言い換えることもでき る。わかりやすいところでは、登山におけるバリエーション?ルートや、8000 メートル峰（注２）を無酸素で登る ことや、厳冬期にどこそこを横断するとか、はじめて大陸の最高峰に全部登るとか、そういうことだ。末踏（注３） の地がなければ、点と点を結んで誰もおこなっていないことをすればいい。そうした点と点を結ぶのが厳しい土 地、アクセスの難しい場所、思いもよらないルートを形成するなら、なおさらその注目度は増していく。冒険の 世界には、海でも山でも空でも、そういう志向が必ずどこかに存在している。白紙のキャンバス（注４）に絵を描 くためには表現力が必要なように、②地理的な空白がなくなった時代を生きる現代の冒険家たちは、そこに特別 な自分なりの題材を見つけなくてはいけない。だからこそ③冒険者はアーティストでもあるといえる。
（石川直樹『最高の冒険家』による）
（注１）：俯瞰する：全体を眺める
（注２）：8000 メートル峰：8000 メートル級の山
（注３）：末踏：まだ誰も足を踏み入れたことがないこと
（注４）：キャンバス：絵を描くための布地
50 筆者は①近代の冒険は、その後者が重要なのだと述べているが、それはどのような意味か。
１ 誰もが難関と感じる対象を探し、命をかけて挑戦することが重要だ。
２ 先駆者が偉業を成し遂げた場所に、新たな決意で挑戦することが重要だ。
３ 新たな冒険の対象を見いだし、独自の方法でそれに挑戦することが重要だ。
４ 誰も踏み入ったことのない場所に、独創的な方法で挑戦することが重要だ。
51 ②地理的な空白がなくなったとはどういうことか。
１ 誰も考えつかないような冒険のルートがなくなった。
２ 自分なりの方法で冒険できる場所がなくなった。
３ 冒険に値するルートがすべて行き尽くされた。
４ 誰も冒険したことがない場所がなくなった。
52筆者が、 ③冒険者はアーティストでもある と述べているのはなぜか。
１ 冒険者もアーティストのように創造性のある自己表現が求められるから
２ 冒険者もアーティストのように表現力をつけることで注目度が増すから
３ 冒険者もアーティストのように自然と向き合って自己表現するから
４ 冒険者もアーティストのように主体的な表現が許されているから ほう ふ か ん ほう ほう ふ か ん す き ま た かか
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
（2)
世界の食糧供給の頭打ち（注１）、かつての日本と同じように、経済成長のために農業を衰退させ、一方では食生 活の向上を図るアジアの動きなど、私たちが暮らしている輸入大国の基盤は意外に脆い。（www.61k.com）
危機管理とは、いったんことが起きた時に、生産から流通までをどうするか、前もって体制作りを考えておく
ど不可能である。畑にはイモ類を優先的に植えなければならない。個人的に嫌だという人がいても、国民が最小 限の栄養をとるために協力してもらう必要がある。この点を制度化しておく方が良いのではないか、ということ である。
平和な時には、この制度は眠らせておけばいい。いざという時に（注２）政府が発動（注３）するのである。普段は、 政府はなるべく食料の生産や流通には介入すべきではない。それぞれの立場の人たちが、自由に活動出来るよう な環境を整えておく役割だけでいい。しかし何かの時には、食料管理に責任を持つ仕組みに移行するのである。 多くの場合は、異常事態が過ぎ去るまでの一時的な措置になるだろう。
（中略）
食糧の危機管理体制とは、非常事態に備えた生産から流通までの仕組み作りである。発動する（注３）ことがな いように祈りながら、制度を検討しておく必要があるのではないか。
（中村靖彦「コンビニ ファミレス 回転寿司」による）
（注１）頭打ち：限界に達して、それ以上に伸びなくなること
（注２）いざという時に：非常事態の起こった時に
（注３）発動する：ここでは、制度を実際に使う
53 ①このへんで食糧の危機管理体制を考えておく必要があるとあるが、なぜか。
１ 今すぐ食糧を確保し国民一人一人の生活を守らなければならないから
２ アジアを中心として食料の生産や流通に非常事態が起きているから
３ 食糧の確保が今後ますます難しくなることが予想されるから
４ 食糧輸出国の危機管理体制が確固としたものではないから
54 ②体制を制度にしてとあるが、どうすることか。
１ 生産から流通までの体制を考える。
２ 国民が活動できるような体制を整える。
３ 政府主導で実施出来るような仕組みを作る。
４ 生産や流通に国民が責任を持つ仕組みを作る。
55 政府が検討すべき食糧の危機管理体制について、筆者の考えに合うものはどれか。
１ 必要が生じた時には、国民の同意を得て実施するべきだ。
２ 今すぐ実施した方が良いので、速やかに制度化するべきだ。
３ 平常時は実施する必要はないが、制度自体は早く整えるべきだ。
４ 平和な時に限らず、国民が自由に活動出来る環境を整えるべきだ。 もろ
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
（３）
① 日本の建築は寿命が短い が、これは木造自体の耐久性から決まるのではない。(www.61k.com）木造建築でも百年や二百年は 持つ。千年以上持たせることも可能である。しかし、構造部材（注１）のメンテナンスが必要なので耐久性を考え ると大材（注 2)を用いたほうが良い。しかし、城郭（注３）や宮殿、館、寺院仏閣（注４）の類でないとなかなか大材を 用いることができない。入手も難しいし加工にも手間暇（注５）がかかる。また、一般的に木造建築は火事や地震 で失われることも尐なくない。
日本人は白木の新しい建物を愛したが、時が経つと木の表面が黒ずんでくる。そこで、
余裕がある者は、地震や火災に遭った時は勿論、ある程度老朽化してくると建て直し、周囲はその建て主のこと を「甲斐性（注６）がある」といって褒め称えた。しかし、建て直すといっても、大まかにいえばもとと同じもの が建つ。勿論尐し大きくなったり小さくなったり間取りが変わったりするが見た目に大差がない。そこで、街並 みや風景は長期にわたって維持される。しかも木材はリュース（注７）、リサイクルされた。
② これは 、日本独特の更新の文化と呼んでも良い。この典型が伊勢神宮である。二十年ごとに隣合う敷地に交互に
建て直されるが、建てられるものは全く同じである。建物を更新するためには、木材が必要であり、樹木も植林 によって更新される。若木のほうが二酸化炭素の吸収能力が優れているから、若木への更新は環境上も評価でき る。同時に職人技術も更新される。更新は環境に優しく、人々に仕事を与え、ゆっくりとした変化をもたらす木 の国の優れた文化である。
（小西敏正『平成 日本らしき宣言』による）
（注１）構造部材：建物に加わる力を支える材料（例えば、柱）
（注２）大材：ここでは、長期の使用に耐える大きな木材
（注３）城郭：城とその外側の囲い
（注４）仏閣：寺の建物
（注５）手間暇：労力と時間
（注６）甲斐性がある：ここでは、何かを行う経済力があって立派だ
（注７）リュース：再使用
56 ①日本の建築は寿命が短いとあるが、なぜか。
1 木材自体に耐久性がないため、メンテナンスが難しいから。
2 建築に適した木材の入手が難しく、修理もあまりしないから。
3 木造建築は老朽化が速いだけでなく、火事や地震にも弱いから。
57 4 丈夫な木材があまり使えないうえ、災害で失われることも多いから。 ②これは何を指すか。 か い し ょ う い せ じ ん ぐ う もちろん か い し ょ う ほ たた た もちろん
1 建物が老朽化してくると同じように建て直すことで、外観が保持されること。
2 建物が老朽化してくると外観を全く変えずに建て直すことで、景観が維持されること。
3 建物が老朽化してくると、材料を再利用して同じ間取りに建て直すこと。
4 建物が老朽化してくると、景観の維持を優先して見た目を変えずに建て直すこと。
58 筆者は、木造建築が更新されることにはどのような利点があると考えているか。
1 質の良い木材の入手が容易になるだけでなく、職人の技術が向上する。
2 樹木の生育にあった条件が整う上、美しい街並みも守られる。
3 植林が進むので環境によい上、職人の技術も受け継がれる。
4 木材の供給が安定するだけでなく、美しい風景が守られる。
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
問題 10
次の文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを一つ選びなさい。［www.61k.com］ 心は目に見えない。だから客観的に知ることはできない。ならば、心とか意識なんて面倒なことを考えるより
も、目で見える、定規で測れるものだけを考えることにしよう。そう考える人がいても不思議ではない。 行動主義（注１）心理学と呼ばれるこの流派では、サルやネズミなどにレバー（注２）押しなどの行動を訓練し、そ
の行動から動物の心を探っていく。しかし動物に「まずはレバーを押してみてください」と頼むわけにはいかな い。例えば、初めて実験室につれてこられたサルは、そもそもレバーにさえ気づかないからだ。 では、サルにどうやってレバーを押させるのか？ポイントは二つ。ひたすら待つ。そして尐しずつ目標に近づ
ける。
例えば、サルが尐しでもチラッとレバーを見たとする。そこですかさずエサを与える。これを何度か繰り返す と、サルの注意が次第にレバーに向いてくる。ここでいったんエサやりを止める。するとサルは、うろつきまわ ったりキョロキョロしたり、色々なことを試し始める。ここが我慢のしどころ。試行錯誤の中、サルの手がレバ ーに伸びるのをじっと待つ。そして手が尐しでも伸びれば、すかさずエサを与える。 こうして、適切
なタイミングでエサをやりながら、尐しずつ目標の行動に近づけていくのである。
私はこのやり方を、大学院生の頃、助手の先生に教わった。それは教科書に書いてあるとおりのことだった。 が、実際にやってみると、それは衝撃の体験だった。 エサやりのボタンを右手に持ち、白黒のモニターごしに、サルの行動をじっと見つめる。 私はサルに念じて
いた。「振り向け、レバーに振り向け」。伝わらない思いを伝えたい。ふいにサルがレバーに近づく。と、すかさ ず「エサやり」というメッセージを送る。それは紛れもなく（注３）コミュニケーションであった。 この訓練をずっとやっていると、徐々にサルの気持ちがつかめてくる。そして、気持ちがつかめてくると、訓
練は格段に早く進む。行動だけを見よといいながら、その実（注４）、うまく訓練するにはサルの心がつかめていな ければならないのだ。心は行動からしかつかめない。しかしそれがつかめたとき、手の中にサルの心があるよう
（金沢創「心体観測 ２００９年２月８日付朝日新聞日曜版による）
（注 1）行動主義心理学：人間や動物などの行動を観察して研究する学問。
（注 2）レバー：機器を操作するときにつかんで動かす棒。
（注 3）紛れもなく：間違いなく。
ころ （注 4）その実：実際には。
59 サルにレバー押しをさせる目的は何か。
1 サルを訓練して、人間の意図を読み取れるようにすること。
2 サルを訓練して、動物だけが持つ見えない能力を開発すること。
3 サルの行動を通して、動物に対する人間の心の動きを探ること。
4 サルの行動を通して、目に見えない動物の心や意識を研究すること。
60 この実験室内の訓練で、人間はサルに対してどのように対応しているか。
1 サルをレバーの近くに連れて行き、目標の行動をしたらすぐにエサをやる。
2 サルがレバーを押したらエサを指し示し、目標の行動をするまでじっと待つ。
3 サルにレバーを指し示し、人間が期待する次の行動をしたらすぐにエサをやる。
4 サルがレバーを見たらエサをやり、人間が期待する次の行動をするまでじっと待つ。
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
61 そのときとは、どんなときか。(www.61k.com]
1 「エサやり」というメッセージを繰り返し送ることで人間とサルの行動の違いがわかったとき。 2 「エサやり」というメッセージを送る過程を通して、サルの心がつかめたと感じたとき。
3 レバー押しの訓練が進むにつれて、サルが筆者の心をわかってくれたと感じたとき。
4 レバー押しの訓練によって教科書には書かれていないサルの行動が解明されたとき。
62 筆者がこの訓練をして分かったことは何か。
1 動物を目標の行動に近づける訓練では、「エサやり」を通して動物が人間に慣れることが大切だ。 2 動物を訓練するためには気持ちをつかむことが重要であり、それは自分で体験してはじめてわかる。 3 動物の心理を探るためには、まず教科書に書いてあるとおりのことを実験することが大事だ。
4 動物の心をつかむには目に見える行動だけに注目することが大切だが、そのことは教科書に書いていない。 問題 11 次のＡとＢの文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを、１?２?３?４から一
つ 選びなさい。
Ａ
テレビや新聞などで年々深刻化するごみ問題が取り上げられている。例えば一般的な家庭
ごみとして、生ごみのほかにも食品容器や商品などの過剰包装による廃棄物が多く見られる
という報告がある。最近では指定されたごみ袋を買ってごみを捨てたり、客に買い物袋の持
参を促したりする動きがあるが、ごみの量に変化は見られない。 もし、自治体が家庭ごみ
一個の収集につき〇〇円と有料化すればごみは減るかもしれない。 ごみ自体の廃棄にもお
金がかかるようになれば、誰もがごみを出す前に考えるようになるだ ろう。そうなれば消費
者は不必要な包装を断り、使用可能な物まで捨ててしまうことも減尐 するのではないだろ
うか。
Ｂ
現代社会は数十年前と比較にならないほど便利な生活が可能になった。しかし、不要になったものを再 利用することよりも便利さを優先してきた結果、家庭ごみは増え続ける一方だ。 家庭ごみを減量するため、現在、ごみ袋を有料化し消費者が処理費用の一部を負担することになっている。 しかし、それだけでは不十分であり、所定の場所でのごみの収集にかかる費用を消費者に負担させようと 言う意見も出ているが、そうなればごみを所定以外の所に隠れて捨てるおそれも出てくる。このような問題を解決せずに安易にこれを実行に移すのには賛成しかねる。 物が生産され、消費者が購入し、不要なものは廃棄されごみになるという循環を考えると、新しい製品を次々と作り出す生産者も、それに慣れ切ってしまった消費者も便利さに対する意識を変える必要がある のではないか。
63 ＡとＢが共通して問題だと指摘していることは何か。
1 家庭ごみが所定の場所以外に捨てられること。
2 ごみ処理の費用を消費者が負担すること。
3 ごみ問題への生産者側の意識が薄いこと。
4 家庭で出されるごみが減らないこと。
64 家庭ごみ収集の有料化についてＡとＢはどのように述べているか。
1 ＡもＢも、ごみ処理費用を消費者が負担することになるので、ごみの減尐に貢献するだろうと述べている。 2 ＡもＢも、有料化しても家庭ごみは減らないばかりか、ごみ捨ての規則を守らない人が出てくるだろうと
述べている。
3 Ａでは有料化すればごみに対する考え方が変わるだろうと述べ、Ｂでは有料化する前に意識改革が必要だ
と述べている。
4 Ａでは有料化すれば資源の無駄遣いが尐なくなるだろうと述べ、Ｂでは有料化すれば便利さに対する意識
が変わると述べている。
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
65 ごみ問題についてＡとＢはどのように考えているか。[www.61k.com］
1 ＡもＢも、生産者と消費者の双方が協力すれば改善できると考えている。
2 ＡもＢも、自治体の協力を得て消費者自身が対応すべき問題だと考えている。
3 Ａでは消費者が対応すべきだと考えているのに対し、Ｂでは主に生産者が取り組むべきだと考えている。 問題 12 次の文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを、１?２?３?４から一つ選びなさ い。
例えば、3 年間ずっとノーミスでやってきた論田くんが、はじめてミスを出した。
3 年前からずっとその仕事ぶりを観てきた上司と、異動していきなり論田くんのミスに出くわした上司と、論 田くんへの印象は同じだろうか？
両者のミスの「情報占有率」がちがう。つまり、3 年間のつきあいの中で、ミスが占める割合と、たった１回初 めて論田くんと接した中で、ミスが占める割合と。 相手は、あなたが過去からずっと積み上げてきたすべての情報で、あなたを判断するのではない。結局は、そのとき相手が持っている情報だけで判断される。その中で、いい情報の占める割合が多ければ「いい人だ」となる。
あなたが「優しい人」で 1 0 年間怒ったことがなかったとしても、1 0 年ぶりに怒ったとき、たまたまでくわし た初対面の相手にとっては、それが 1 00 ％だ。あなたを「恐い人」だと思う。 こわ み
自分にふさわしい「メディア 力 」を相手の中に刻むために、ちょっと「情報占有率」を意識してみるといい。 コミュニケーションでは、出会いからはじまって、相手から見たあなたの「メディア 力 」が決まるまでの間が 肝心だ。つまり、初めの方が慎重さがいる。ここで、かっこつけるのでもなく、でも、あなた以下にもならず、 等身大の（注１）あなたの良さが伝わるのが理想だ。 いつも質の高い仕事をしているなら、はじめての仕事先に対して、決していつもの質を 落としてはいけない。ふだん静かな人なら、初対面の相手にも、奇をてらったり（注 2）せず、普段どおり静かにし ていればいい。自分にうそのないふるまいをする、ということは、初対面の相手にこそ大切だ。 さて、ここで問題なのは、ふだんとても穏やかなあなたが、その日はたまたま嫌なことが重なり、攻撃的になっ ていると言う場合だ。自分にうそのないということで、相手にきついことを言ってしまったらどうだろう。あな たにとっては、年に１回の、「たまたま不機嫌な日」でも、相手にとっては、あなたに関する情報の 100％になる。 初対面の相手、まだ付き合いの浅い相手には、すこし慎重になって考えてほしい。 何だ、自分にうそのないふるまいか？自分の正直な姿を伝えるとはどういうことか？
日ごろ1％の異常よりも、いつもの穏やかさを伝えるほうが、結局は、正直な姿を 伝えている。相手の中に、あなたの実像に近い「メディア 力 」が形成されるからだ。初対面の相手にこそ、平 常心であること、普段どおりにやることが大切だ。
（山田ズーニー『あなたの話はなぜ「通じない」のか』による）
（注 1）等身大の：誇張のない
（注 2）奇をてらう：変わったことをして、他人の気をひこうとする
66 筆者によれば、上司にとって論田くんのミスの「情報占有率」が上がるのはどのような場合か。
1 付き合いの長い上司との関係の中で、論田くんがミスを 1 回した場合。
2 付き合いの長い上司との関係の中で、論田くんがミスを 3 回した場合。
3 付き合いの短い上司との関係の中で、論田くんがミスを 1 回した場合。
4 付き合いの短い上司との関係の中で、論田くんがミスを 3 回した場合。 りょく りょく
67 自分にうそのないふるまいとはどのようなものか。
1 その時々のすなおな気持ちを表すこと。
2 いつも正直に自分の考えを伝えること。
3 いつもどおりの姿を見せること。
4 うそをつかず正直に話すこと。
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
68 筆者は、なぜ初対面の相手に慎重になったほうがいいと述べているのか。[www.61k.com]
1 普段どおりの態度では、相手に自分の良さを十分に伝えられないから。
2 自分に関する一部の情報で相手がすべてを判断するかもしれないから。
3 相手の性格が自分と合うかどうかがまだよくわかっていないから。
4 初対面の相手には慎重な姿が実像だと思わせる必要があるから。
69 自分の「メディア 力 」について、筆者はどのようにするのがよいと述べているか。
1 相手に自分の「メディア 力 」が正確に伝わるように意識する。
2 相手に普段の自分以上の「メディア 力 」を伝えるようにする。
3 相手に刻まれた自分の「メディア 力 」を気にせず平常心でいる。
4 相手に見せる自分の「メディア 力 」を下げないように静かにしている。 りょく りょく りょく りょく りょく
問題１３
右のページは、留学生向けの奨学金募集の案内である。下の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを、１? ２?３?４から一つ選びなさい。
70 日本の大学?大学院に在学している次の学生のうち、この奨学金に応募できるのは誰か。
２ ワンさん
３ アフマドさん
４ ジョンさ
71 キムさんは、２０１０年４年現在、日本の大学院の修士課程 2 年生で農学を専攻している。2011 年度には 博士課程に進学予定である。キムさんが、この奨学金に応募する場合、応募時に必ずしなければならないのは、 次のどれか。
1 ホームページから研究計画書の様式をダウンロードする。
2 博士課程進学が決定していることを証明する書類をもらう。
3 出身大学の指導教授の推薦書を取り寄せる。
4 応募書類を大学院の事務所に提出する。
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
財団法人 日本留学生奨学財団
2011 年度 外国人留学生奨学生募集要項
1. 募集人員 ３０名
2. 奨学金の支給額?支給方法等
① 支給額 大学院修士課程（博士前期課程） 月額１００.０００円 大学院博士課程（博士後期課程） 月額１２０.０００円
② 支給期間 在籍する大学院の正規の修学期間で、最長３年間
③ 支給方法 毎月一回決まった日に、受給者本人名義の銀座口座に直接振り込む
3. 応募資格
① 国籍?ビザについて
? 日本以外の国籍を有し、勉強または研究のための在留資格（例えば留学）で、 日本
に入国した者
② 対象
? 日本国内の大学院で、理学、工学、農学の分野を専攻している者
? ２０１０年４月時点で、修士課程の１年次、博士課程の１年次か２年次に在籍 してい
る者、または修士課程の２年次で、２０１１年４月に博士課程進学を予 定している者
? ２００９年度の大学院での成績が２.８以上（満点３.０）で、心身ともに健康
な者
? ２０１１年度に、それぞれの政府、日本政府、他の財団などの奨学金支給を受 けない
者
4. 応募方法
① 提出書類（指定のものは当財団ホームページからダウンロードして使用すること
? ２０１１年度日本留学生奨学財団奨学生応募用紙（指定のもの）
? 在学証明書と２００９年度の成績が分かる成績証明書
? 在籍大学院の指導教授からの推薦書
? 研究計画書（３０００字以内）、書式は自由
② 応募締め切り ２０１０年７月３１日必着 なお、申請者が直接応募するのではなく、必ず所属の大学院を通じて応募すること
5. 選考方法
応募書類、面接を総合的に判断して決定する
6．決定通知
２０１０年９月１０日までに所属の大学院を通じ、書面で通知する
7．問い合わせ先
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
聴解
問題１
問題１では、まず質問を聞いてください。（www.61k.com］それから 話 を聞いて、問題用紙の 1 から 4 の中から、 最 もよいもの を一つ選んでください。 1 番
1 荷造りをする
3 友達の家にベッドを運ぶ 2 番
1 プリンターの修理を頼む 3 プリンターを買う許可をとる 3 番
1 ニーズ調査の実施 3 企画書の 修正 4 番
1 教育政策と経済効果 3 日本の教育政策の課題 5 番
1 商 店 街を掃除する 3 集めたごみを 回 収 する 6 番
1 会社に戻る
2 トラックに荷物を運ぶ 4 部屋の掃除をする
2 プリンターの見積もりを頼む 4 プリンターを 注 文 する
2 販売の対 象 者の決定4 試食会の実施
2 教育政策の国際比較4 日本の教育政策の歴史
2 駅までの道を掃除する
4 駐 車 場 に掃除用具を取りに行く
2 課長と取引先に行く 4 田中さんに連絡する
3 駅で待つ
問題 2
問題2 では、まず質問を聞いてください。そのあと、問題用紙のせんたくしを読んでください。読む時間があ ります。それから 話 を聞いて、問題用紙の 1 から 4 の中から、最もよいものを一つ選んでください。 1 番
1 海外支社に勤務するため
3 留 学 用のしょうがくきんを得るため 2 番
1 予算が不十分だったから 3 時間が 短 かったから
2 人員が足りなかったから 4 調査の方法が悪かったから 2 人事評価を上げるため 4 国際部に異動するため
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
３番
1 テレビで映画が宣伝されたから
2 有名な俳優が出ているから 4 映画情報誌で高く評価されたから
し て ん
はんばいじっせき
まいつきこうしん
3 インターネットで 評 判 になったから 4 番
し て ん
はんばいもくひょう
たっせい
1 支店が販売目標を達成したこと
し て ん
ね ん か ん そ う う り あ
の
2 支店の販売実績を毎月更新できたこと
4 支店の社員全員が 目 標 を達成したこと
し て
ん
しゃいんぜんいん
もくひょう
たっせい
3 支店の年間総売上げが伸びたこと 5 番
1 選手のスキー技術を 向 上 させること
じ し ん
ぎじゅつ
せんしゅ
ぎじゅつ
こうじょう
2 選手の精神面を支えること
4 コーチ自身の精神面をきたえること
し せ つ
かね
じ し
ん
せいしんめん
せんしゅ
せいしんめん
ささ
3 コーチ自身のスキー技術をみがくこと 6 番
1 無農薬で野菜がさいばいできるため 3 短期間で野菜が 収 穫 できるため 7 番
1 データに不備があったから
か い ぎ
しりょうさくせい
なお
ふ び
た ん き か
ん
や さ い
しゅうかく
む の う や く
や さ い
2 施設をいじするのにお金がかからないため 4 野菜の 安 定 供 給 ができるため
かちょう
しゅっせき
や さ
い
あんていきょうきゅう
2 課長が 出 席 できなくなったから 4 会議の場所が確保できなかったから
か い ぎ
ば し ょ
か く ほ
3 会議の資料作成をやり直すから 問題 3
もんだい まえ
しつもん
もんだいようし
なに
いんさつ はなし
き
もんだい
ぜんたい しつもん
ないよう き
き
もんだい
なか
はなし
問題3 では、問題用紙に何も印刷されていません。（www.61k.com）この問題は、全体としてどんな内容かを聞く問題です。 話
もっと
の前に質問はありません。まず 話 を聞いてください。それから、質問とせんたくしを聞いて、1 から 4 の中から、
最 もよいものを一つ選んでください。
ひと えら
－メモ -
問題 4問題4 では、問題用紙に何も印刷されていません。まず文を聞いてください。それから、それに対する返事を聞いて、1 から 3 の中から、 最 もよいものを一つ選んでください。
－メモ－
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
日语1级 2010年12月日语1级真题及答案(全)
二 : 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on
Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four
sharpening the axe." You should write at least words but no more than words.
The Way to Success
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。［www.61k.com]
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet
1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10,
complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?
In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.
Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organize the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.
The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."
Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we have never built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."
It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have leveled two sets of criticisms at Google.
First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Danton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public,
not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them.
The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google
becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jaundice and Jaundice case in Charles
Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.
At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous
centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.
Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search).
1
2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defense, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy. "The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Bluffed, of the Sheila Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering task."
In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying to summarize it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," says Bluffed, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.
Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.
This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer license. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.
Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelman, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.
Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is no known copyright
holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer license.
It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.
No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gerick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。[www.61k.com]
1. Google claims its plan for the world's biggest online library is _____.
A) to serve the interest of the general public
B) to encourage reading around the world
C) to save out-of-print books in libraries
D) to promote its core business of searching
2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google's book-scanning project will _____.
A) broaden humanity's intellectual horizons
B) help the broad masses of readers
C) revolutionize the entire book industry
2
2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlled by _____. A) non-profit organizations C) multinational companies
B) the world's leading libraries D) the world's tech giants
4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored _____. A) the copyright of authors of out-of-print books B) the copyright of the books it scanned
C) the interest of traditional booksellers
D) the differences of in-print and out-of-print books
5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that _____. A) it displays only a small part of their content B) it is willing to compensate the copyright holders
C) making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyright
D) the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use
6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google? A) It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America. B) It was settled after more than two years of negotiation.
C) It failed to protect the interests of American publishers.
D) It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.
7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended? A) The compensation for copyright holders.
B) The change in Google's business model.
C) Google's further exploitation of its database.
D) The commercial provisions of the settlement. 8. While _____, Google makes money by selling advertising.
9. Books whose copyright holders are not known are called _____.
10. Google's entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously _____ in the future.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation,
one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be
spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。(www.61k.com］
11. A) Cancel the trip to prepare for the test.
B) Review his notes once he arrives in Chicago.
C) Listen to the recorded notes while driving.
D) Prepare for the test after the wedding.
12. A) The woman will help the man remember the lines.
3
2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案 B) The man lacks confidence in playing the part.
C) The man hopes to change his role in the play.
D) The woman will prompt the man during the show.
13. A) Preparations for an operation. C) Arranging a bed for a patient. B) A complicated surgical case. D) Rescuing the woman's uncle.
14. A) He is interested in improving his editing skills.
B) He is eager to be nominated the new editor.
C) He is sure to do a better job than Simon.
D) He is too busy to accept more responsibility.
15. A) He has left his position in the government.
B) He has already reached the retirement age.
C) He made a stupid decision at the cabinet meeting.
D) He has been successfully elected Prime Minister.
16. A) This year's shuttle mission is a big step in space exploration.
B) The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.
C) The shuttle flight will be broadcast live worldwide.
D) The man is excited at the news of the shuttle flight.
17. A) At an auto rescue center. C) At a suburban garage.
B) At a car renting company. D) At a mountain camp.
18. A) He got his speakers fixed. C) He listened to some serious music
B) He went shopping with the woman. D) He bought a stereo system.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) Providing aid to the disabled.
B) Printing labels for manufactured goods.
C) Promoting products for manufacturers.
D) Selling products made for left-handers.
20. A) Most of them are specially made for his shop.
B) All of them are manufactured in his own plant.
C) The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design.
D) About half of them are unavailable on the market. 21. A) They specialize in one product only. C) They run chain stores in central London. B) They have outlets throughout Britain. D) They sell by mail order only.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A) It publishes magazines.
B) It sponsors trade fairs.
C) It runs sales promotion campaigns.
D) It is engaged in product design.
23. A) The ad specifications had not been given in detail.
B) The woman's company made last-minute changes.
4
2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
C) The woman's company failed to make payments in time.
D) Organizing the promotion was really time-consuming.
24. A) Extend the campaign to next year.
B) Cut the fee by half for this year.
C) Run another four-week campaign.
D) Give her a 10 percent discount.
25. A) Stop negotiating for the time being.
B) Calm down and make peace.
C) Reflect on their respective mistakes
D) Improve their promotion plans.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the
passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。(www.61k.com]
Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) They look spotlessly clean throughout their lives.
B) They are looked after by animal-care organizations.
C) They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.
D) They are labeled pet animals by the researchers. 27. A) They may affect the results of experiments.
B) They may behave abnormally.
C) They may breed out of control.
D) They may cause damage to the environment.
28. A) When they become escapees.
B) When they are no longer useful.
C) When they get too old. D) When they become ill.
29. A) While launching animal protection campaigns, they were trapping kitchen mice.
B) While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse, they were killing pest mice.
C) While advocating freedom for animals, they kept their pet mouse in a cage.
D) While calling for animal rights, they allowed their kids to keep pet animals.
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. A) They take it for granted.
B) They are crazy about it.
C) They contribute most to it.
5
2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案 D) They often find fault with it.
31. A) Heat and light.
B) Economic prosperity.
C) Historical continuity. D) Tidal restlessness.
32. A) They find the city alien to them.
B) They are adventurers from all over the world.
C) They lack knowledge of the culture of the city.
D) They have difficulty surviving.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33. A) A political debate.
C) A documentary.
B) A football game. D) A murder mystery. 34. A) It enhances family relationships.
C) It helps broaden one’s horizons.
B) It is a sheer waste of time. D) It is unhealthy for the viewers.
35. A) He watches TV programs only selectively.
B) He can't resist the temptation of TV either.
C) He doesn't like watching sports programs.
D) He is not a man who can keep his promise.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen
carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks
numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are
required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should
check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。［www.61k.com］
In the past, one of the biggest disadvantages of machines has been their inability to work on a micro-scale. For example, doctors did not have devices allowing them to go inside the human body to (36) _____ health problems or to perform
(37) _____ surgery. Repair crews did not have a way of (38) _____ broken pipes located deep within a high-rise (39) _____ building. However, that's about to change. Advances in computers and biophysics have started a micro miniature (超
微) (40) _____that allows scientists to envision – and in some cases actually build – microscopic machines. These devices promise to (41)_____ change the way we live and work.
Micro machines already are making an impact. At Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, research scientists have designed a 4-inch silicon chip that holds 700 tiny (42) _____motors. At Lucas Nova Sensor in Fremont, California, scientists have perfected the world's first
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2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
microscopic blood-pressure sensor. Threaded through a person's blood (43) _____, the sensor can provide blood pressure readings at the valve of the heart itself.
(44) ______________________________________________________________________. Auto manufacturers, for example, are trying to use tiny devices_______________________________________________________
(45)___________________________________________________________________________. Some futurists
envision nanotechnology (纳米技术) also being used to explore the deep sea in small submarines, or even to launch finger-sized rockets packed with micro miniature instruments.
There is an explosion of new ideas and applications. So, (46) _____________________________
____________________________________________________________.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully.
Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers
on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Leadership is the most significant word in today's competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that "how things get done" influences the success of the outcomes and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Dracker, coined the phrase "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things," he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with the terms.
When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly effective individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular bestseller very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm (范例), which he observed centered on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one's attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive mental attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he highlights how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a desired vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you value. Business leadership means that managers need to "put first things first," which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。（www.61k.com)
47. To be good leaders, managers must pay close attention to their own _____.
48. According to Peter Dracker, leaders should be good at _____.
49. The personality ethic suggests that people are likely to succeed if they have _____.
50. According to Stephen Covey, leaders who hope to achieve outstanding success need first of all to _____.
51. Good leadership requires one to know one's own strengths and be able to win people's _____.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
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2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. What's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate? China"} India! Brazil! How about trade!
When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doom saying. Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.
But there's another way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession – a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States – but an economic expansion.
The rising volume of trade – more goods and services shuttling in and out of the United States – is good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery,
and logistics (物流) have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign markets – when we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and market. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price – agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.
And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies are becoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports, it does help GM's balance sheet – and hence makes the jobs of U.S.-based executives more stable.
One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slack domestic consumer demand. Americans are
paying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully. That's to be expected, given what we've been through. But there's a bigger challenge. Can U.S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global
demand? Unless you want to pick up and move to India, or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it's no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.
Companies and individuals who don't have a strategy to export more, or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves out of the lion's share of economic opportunity in our world.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。[www.61k.com]
52. How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficit in June?
A) It reflects Americans' preference for imported goods.
B) It signifies a change in American economic structure.
C) It is the result of America's growing focus on domestic market.
D) It could lead to slower growth of the national economy.
53. What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?
A) It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.
B) It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further into recession.
C) It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.
D) It reflects the fluctuations in the international market.
54. Who particularly benefit from the rising volume of trade?
A) People who have expertise in international trade.
B) Consumers who favor imported goods and services.
C) Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.
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2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
55. What is one of the challenges facing the American economy? A) Competition from overseas.
C) Slack trade activities.
B) People's reluctance to spend.
D) Decreasing productivity.
56. What is the author's advice to U.S. companies and individuals? A) To import more cheap goods from developing countries.
B) To move their companies to where labor is cheaper.
C) To increase their market share overseas.
D) To be alert to fluctuations in foreign markets.
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
A recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell
research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system.
However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is
concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the
institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and
commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the Which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。（www.61k.com］
57. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
A) They fail to convert knowledge into money.
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2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
B) They do not regard it as their responsibility.
C) They still have a place among the world leaders.
D) They have lost their leading position in many ways.
58. What does the author say about the national data on UK universities' performance in commercialization? A) It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.
B) It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.
C) It does not reflect the differences among universities.
D) It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.
59. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that "policy interventions" (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to _____. A) government aid to non-research-oriented universities
B) compulsory cooperation between universities and industries
C) fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions
D) concentration of resources in a limited number of universities
60. What does the author suggest research-led universities do? A) Publicize their research to win international recognition.
B) Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.
C) Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.
D) Spread their influence among top research institutions.
61. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK's economic growth?
A) By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.
B) By asking the government to invest in technology transfer research.
C) By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.
D) By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)
on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。［www.61k.com]
If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Hegel? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident __62__ to cut plastics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about __63__ the
chemicals coming out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was also worried about the damage all the plastic __64__ was doing to the environment. So she __65__ on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn't __66__ plastic. "I went in and __67__ bought anything," Hegel says. She did __68__ some canned food and a carton (纸盒) of milk – to discover later that both containers were __70__ with plastic resin (树脂). "Plastic," she says, "just seemed like it was in everything."
She's right. Back in the 1960s, plastic was well __71__ its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S.
produced 28 million tons of plastic waste in 2005 – 27 million tons of which __72__ in landfills (垃圾填埋场). Our food and water come __73__ in plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we drive and the planes we ride in. But the __74__ adaptable substance has its dark side. Environmentalists feel worried about the petroleum needed to make it. means Hegel isn't the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life – she isn't __77__ the only one blogging about this kind of __78__. But those who've tried know it's __79__ from easy to go plastic-free. "These things seem to be so common __80__
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2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
it is practically impossible to avoid coming into __81__ with them," says Frederick vim Sail, a biologist at the University of Missouri.
62. A) resolved B) recovered
C) removed D) retreated
63. A) when B) what
C) who D) why
64. A) essence B) unit
C) crust D) rubbish
65. A) hinged B) hopped
C) stretched D) dipped
66. A) include B) induce
C) compose D) consist
67. A) slightly B) nearly
C) roughly D) barely
68. A) pursue B) prescribe
C) preserve D) purchase
69. A) rather B) ever
C) merely D) only
70. A) probed B) coupled
C) lined D) combined
71. A) by B) over
C) on D) under
72. A) ended up B) pulled up
C) put up D) set up
73. A) trapped B) adapted
C) wrapped D) adopted
74. A) interactively B) remotely
C) infinitely D) resolutely
75. A) sensible B) toxic
C) attractive D) absurd
76. A) household B) family
C) internal D) civil
77. A) hardly B) largely
C) even D) still
78. A) endeavor B) recreation
C) accomplishment D) diligence
79. A) well B) little
C) far D) much
80. A) while B) which
C) but D) that
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2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
81. A) fashion B) approach
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation
on Answer Sheet 2.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。(www.61k.com］
82. You shouldn't have run across the road without looking. You ______________________________ (也许会被车撞倒的).
33. By no means ______________________________ (他把自己当成专家) although he knows a lot about the field.
84. He doesn't appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for him,______________________________ (把他们所做的视作理所当然).
85. Janet told me that she would rather her mother ______________________________ (不干涉她的婚姻).
86. To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship, Edward Wilson found
himself______________________________ (经常上网查找信息). C) contact D) agreement
2011年12月大学英语六级真题答案
快速阅读
1. Google claims its plan for the world’s biggest online library is _____
【答案】B. to serve the interest of the general public
2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google’s book-scanning project will
【答案】B. broaden humanity’s intellectual horizons
3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlled by_______.
【答案】C. non-profit organizations
4.【答案】D. the copyright of the books it scanned
5. 【答案】B. the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use
6.【答案】 B. It was settle after more than two years of negotiation.
7. 【答案】D. The commercial provision of the settlement
8. 【答案】Providing information for free
9. 【答案】orphan works
10. 【答案】change the world’s book market
Section A
11.【答案】A) Listen to the recorded notes while driving.
12.【答案】C) The man lacks confidence in playing the part.
13.【答案】A) Arranging a bed for a patient
14.【答案】A) He is too busy to accept more responsibility.
15. 【答案】C) He has left his position in the government.
16. 【答案】D) The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.
17. 【答案】A) At a car renting company
18. : What did the man do over the weekend?
【答案】A) He listened to some serious music.
19: What kind of business does the man engaged in?
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2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
【答案】B) Selling products made for left-handers.
20: What does the man say about his stock of products?
【答案】D) Most of them are specially made for his shop.
21: What does the man say about other people in his line of business?
【答案】D) They sell by mail order only.
22: What do we learn about the man’s company?
【答案】C)It sponsors trade fairs.
23: Why was the campaign delayed according to the man?
【答案】C)The woman's company made last-minute changes.
24: What does the woman propose as a solution to the problem?
【答案】D) Cut the fee by half for this year.
25: What does the man suggest they do at the end of the conversation?
【答案】D)Reflect on their respective mistakes.
26. What does the passage say about most of the mice used for experiments?
【答案】D)They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.
27 Why did the so-called bad mice have to be captured and destroyed?
【答案】C) They may affect the results of experiments.
28 When are mice killed without prior approval?
【答案】C) When they become escapees.
29 Why does the speaker say what the Hera’s did at home is ironical?
【答案】A)While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse, they were killing pest mice.
30. What does the speaker say about the natives of New York?
【答案】D) They take it for granted.
31. What does the speaker say commuters give to New York?
【答案】A) Tidal restlessness.
32. What do we learn about the settlers of New York?
【答案】B) They are adventurers from all over the world.
33. As the speaker walked into the living room, what was being shown on TV?
【答案】D) A murder mystery
34. What does the speaker say about watching television?
【答案】C)It is unhealthy for the viewers.
35. What can we say about the speaker?
【答案】B) He can’t resist the temptation of T.V. either.
（36）detect （37）delicate （38） identifying （39）apartment
（40） revolution （41） dramatically 42） primitive （43）vessels
（44）Although simple versions of miniature devices have had an impact, advanced versions are still several years away.
（45） that can sense when to release an airbag and how to keep engines and breaks operating efficiently.
（46）when scientists now think about future machines doing large and complex tasks, they’re thinking smaller than ever before. 仔细阅读
Section A
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2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
47. values, abilities and strengths
48. doing the right things
49. positive mental attitude
50. manage themselves
51. trust
Section B
Passage One
53. A It indicates that economic activities in the US have increased.
54. C Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials
55. C People’s reluctance to spend
56. B To increase their market share overseas.
Passage Two
57. A. they still have a place among the world leaders.
58. B. It does not reflect the differences among universities.
59. A. concentration of resources in a limited number of universities.
60. A. Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.
61. C. By promoting the efficiency of technology transfer agencies. 完形填空
62:resolved
63:what
64:essence
65:hopped
66:include
67:barely
68:purchase
69:merely
70:combined
71:on
72:ended up
73:wrapped
74:infinitely
75:toxic
76:household
77:even
78:endeavor
79:far
80:that
81:contact
翻译
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2011年12月六级真题 2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
82：may be knocked down by car
83:does he take himself to be an expert 。（www.61k.com)
84:and take it for granted 。
85:not interfere marriage 。
86．often searching information on the internet
作文
The way to success What is success? In fact, success is a positive feeling, it is a state of confidence after we achieve our ideals So all of us will try our best to get success. “If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z..Hard working is x; y is good methods and z is stop talking and get down to work. “It is said by Einstein, who is used to be a winner of the Nobel Prize. According to this Wisdom, we known that if we want to do everything successful, we must follow these ways.
When we begin to study, our parents and teachers always told us to study hard. Hardworking, which is an useful way to success, is necessary for us. Hardworking, which means we should try our best to do the things. Besides, if you want to get success, we not only need hardworking, but also have some useful methods. If you have some useful methods, you will feel that it is easier to achieve your goals. What ' s more, we must stop talking and get down to work. Success is base on the actions. Actions, may not let we get success. But if we not action, it can never be successful. Regardless of the dream is big or small, the goal is high or low, from now on, swing it into action.
In my opinion, if you follow these important ways to do every things, you will get success at last.
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三 : 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com 2010年12月大学英语六级真题听力mp3和文本下载
2010年12月英语六级答案汇总 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1. 目前高校排名相当盛行;
2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一;
3. 在我看来……
My Views on University Ranking
. . . Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
获取更多英语四六级资料请访问恒星英语学习网 http://www.hxen.com
2010年12月英语六级答案 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com
Into the Unknown
The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?
Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.
For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.
Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.
Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only tim获取更多英语四六级资料请访问恒星英语学习网 http://www.hxen.com
2010年12月英语六级答案 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com idly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades. The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.
Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers’ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.
In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%.
On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost 获取更多英语四六级资料请访问恒星英语学习网 http://www.hxen.com
2010年12月英语六级答案 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe’s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.
To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.
And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.
Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America’s CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.
For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world’s defence effort. Because America’s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).
Ask me in 2020
There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act.
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly: “We don’t really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet. “
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。[www.61k.com）
1. In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension system in most countries could ______.
[A] not be sustained in the long term
[B] further accelerate the ageing process
[C] hardly halt the growth of population
[D] help tide over the current ageing crisis
2. What message is conveyed in books like Young vs Old?
[A] The generation gap is bound to narrow.
[B] Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.
[C] The younger generation will beat the old.
[D] Old people should give way to the young.
3. One reason why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming is that ______.
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[A] nobody is willing to sacrifice their own interests to tackle the problem
[B] most people are against measures that will not bear fruit immediately
[C] the proposed reforms will affect too many people’s interests
[D] politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election
4. The author believes the most effective method to solve the pension crisis is to ______.
[A] allow people to work longer [C] cut back on health care provisions
[B] increase tax revenues [D] start reforms right away
5. The reason why employers are unwilling to keep older workers is that ______.
[A] they are generally difficult to manage
[B] the longer they work, the higher their pension
[C] their pay is higher than that of younger ones
[D] younger workers are readily available
6. To compensate for the fast-shrinking labour force, Japan would need ______.
[A] to revise its current population control policy
[B] large numbers of immigrants from overseas
[C] to automate its manufacturing and service industries
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[D] a politically feasible policy concerning population
7. Why do many women in rich countries compromise by having only one child?
[A] Small families are becoming more fashionable.
[B] They find it hard to balance career and family.
[C] It is too expensive to support a large family.
[D] Child care is too big a problem for them.
8. Compared with younger ones, older societies are less inclined to ______________________________.
9. The predicted intergenerational warfare is unlikely because most of the older people themselves _________________________.
10. Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to commit them to ____________________________.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], 获取更多英语四六级资料请访问恒星英语学习网 http://www.hxen.com
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[B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。（www.61k.com）
11. [A] The man is the manager of the apartment building.
[B] The woman is very good at bargaining.
[C] The woman will get the apartment refurnished.
[D] The man is looking for an apartment.
12. [A] How the pictures will turn out. [C] What the man thinks of the shots.
[B] Where the botanical garden is. [D] Why the pictures are not ready.
13. [A] There is no replacement for the handle.
[B] There is no match for the suitcase.
[C] The suitcase is not worth fixing.
[D] The suitcase can be fixed in time.
14. [A] He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.
[B] He has a fairly large collection of quality trucks.
[C] He has had his truck adapted for cold temperatures.
[D] He does routine truck maintenance for the woman.
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15. [A] She cannot stand her boss’s bad temper.
[B] She has often been criticized by her boss.
[C] She has made up her mind to resign.
[D] She never regrets any decisions she makes.
16. [A] Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size.
[B] Replace the shirt with one of some other material.
[C] Visit a different store for a silk or cotton shirt.
[D] Get a discount on the shirt she is going to buy.
17. [A] At a “Lost and Found”. [C] At a trade fair.
[B] At a reception desk. [D] At an exhibition.
18. [A] Repair it and move in. [C] Convert it into a hotel.
[B] Pass it on to his grandson. [D] Sell it for a good price.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. [A] Unique descriptive skills. [C] Colourful world experiences.
[B] Good knowledge of readers’ tastes. [D] Careful plotting and clueing.
20. [A] A peaceful setting. [C] To be in the right mood.
[B] A spacious room. [D] To be entirely alone.
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21. [A] They rely heavily on their own imagination.
[B] They have experiences similar to the characters’.
[C] They look at the world in a detached manner.
[D] They are overwhelmed by their own prejudices.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. [A] Good or bad, they are there to stay.
[B] Like it or not, you have to use them.
[C] Believe it or not, they have survived.
[D] Gain or lose, they should be modernised.
23. [A] The frequent train delays. [C]The food sold on the trains.
[B] The high train ticket fares. [D] The monopoly of British Railways.
24. [A] The low efficiency of their operation.
[B] Competition from other modes of transport.
[C] Constant complaints from passengers.
[D] The passing of the new transport act.
25. [A] They will be de-nationalised. [C] They are fast disappearing.
[B] They provide worse service. [D] They lose a lot of money.
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。（www.61k.com］
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] The whole Antarctic region will be submerged.
[B] Some polar animals will soon become extinct.
[C] Many coastal cities will be covered with water.
[D] The earth will experience extreme weathers.
27. [A] How humans are to cope with global warming.
[B] How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.
[C] How vulnerable the coastal cities are.
[D] How polar ice impacts global weather.
28. [A] It collapsed at least once in the past 1.3 million years.
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[B] It sits firmly on solid rock at the bottom of the ocean.
[C] It melted at temperatures a bit higher than those of today.
[D] It will have little impact on sea level when it breaks up.
29. [A] The West Antarctic region was once an open ocean.
[B] The West Antarctic ice sheet was about 7,000 feet thick.
[C] The West Antarctic ice sheet was once floating ice.
[D] The West Antarctic region used to be warmer than today.
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. [A] Whether we can develop social ties on the Internet.
[B] Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.
[C] Whether our blogs can be renewed daily.
[D] Whether we can set up our own websites.
31. [A] The number of visits they receive. [C] The files they have collected.
[B] The way they store data. [D] The means they use to get information.
32. [A] When the system is down. [C] When the URL is reused.
[B] When new links are set up. [D] When the server is restarted.
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. [A] Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner.
[B] Iced coffees sold by some popular chains are contaminated.
[C] Drinking coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity.
[D] Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances.
34. [A] Have some fresh fruit. [C] Take a hot shower.
[B] Exercise at the gym. [D] Eat a hot dinner.
35. [A] They could enjoy a happier family life.
[B] They could greatly improve their work efficiency.
[C] Many cancer cases could be prevented.
[D] Many embarrassing situations could be avoided.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exa获取更多英语四六级资料请访问恒星英语学习网 http://www.hxen.com
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com ct words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. 注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。(www.61k.com)
Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in realms as (36) _____________ as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs and coping with (37) ______________ illness. And, by contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may (38) ______________ suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks.
“Hope has proven a powerful predictor of (39) ______________ in every study we’ve done so far,” said Dr. Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist who has devised a (40) ______________ to assess how much hope a person has.
For example, in research with 3,920 college students, Dr. Snyder and his (41) ______________ found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more (42) ______________ predictor of their college grades than were their S.
A.T. scores or their grade point (43) ______________ in high school, the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance.
(44)”___________________________________________________________________________________________,” Dr. Snyder said. “When you compare students of equivalent intelligence and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.”
In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Dr. Snyder (45)________________________
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com _______________________________. “That notion is not concrete enough, and it blurs two key components of hope,” Dr. Snyder said. (46)”_____________________________________________________________________.”
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Most young boys are trained to believe that men should be strong, tough, cool, and detached. Thus, they learn early to hide vulnerable emotions such as love, joy, and sadness because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness. Over time, some men become strangers to their own emotional lives. It seems that men with traditional views of masculinity are more likely to suppress outward emotions and to fear emotions, supposedly because such feelings may lead to a loss of composure (镇定). Keep in mind, however, that this view is challenged by some researchers. As with many gender gaps, differences in emotionality tend to be small, inconsistent, and dependent on the situation. For instance, Robertson and colleagues found that males who were more traditionally masculine were more emotionally expressive in a structured exercise than when they were simply asked to talk about their emotions.
Males’ difficulty with “tender” emotions has serious consequences. First, suppressed emotions can contribute to stress-related disorders. And worse, men are less likely than wo获取更多英语四六级资料请访问恒星英语学习网 http://www.hxen.com
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com men to seek help from health professionals. Second, men’s emotional inexpressiveness can cause problems in their relationships with partners and children. For example, men who endorse traditional masculine norms report lower relationship satisfaction, as do their female partners. Further, children whose fathers are warm, loving, and accepting toward them have higher self-esteem and lower rates of aggression and behavior problems. On a positive note, fathers are increasingly involving themselves with their children. And 30 percent of fathers report that they take equal or greater responsibility for their children than their working wives do.
One emotion males are allowed to express is anger. Sometimes this anger translates into physical aggression or violence. Men commit nearly 90 percent of violent crimes in the United States and almost all sexual assaults.
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。（www.61k.com]
47. Most young boys have been trained to believe that men who show tender feelings are considered to be ______________.
48. Some men believe that if they expressed their emotions openly they might ______________.
49. According to the author, men who suppress their emotions may develop ______________.
50. Men who observe traditional masculine norms are said to derive less satisfaction from ______________.
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51. When males get angry, they can become ______________ or even commit violence.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A],
[B], [C] and [D] You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world—with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc.—to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms. 获取更多英语四六级资料请访问恒星英语学习网 http://www.hxen.com
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership. At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities—while still popular in elite colleges and universities—have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (资质) for most nonacademic careers.
Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of “real world” education—which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished (贫困的) without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.
It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.
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52. In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _______.
[A] solve virtually all existing problems [C] help raise people’s living standards
[B] quicken the pace of industrialization [D] promote the nation’s social progress
53. Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World WarⅡ?
[A] They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system.
[B] They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.
[C] They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic studies.
[D] They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.
54. Why are American scholars worried about education today?
[A] The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.
[B] Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.
[C] America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.
[D] There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.
55. What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today? 获取更多英语四六级资料请访问恒星英语学习网 http://www.hxen.com
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[A] Insufficient funding. [C] Shortage of devoted faculty.
[B] Shrinking enrollment. [D] Dim prospects for graduates.
56. Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?
[A] They promote the development of science and technology.
[B] They help prepare students for their professional careers.
[C] Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.
[D] Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students’ creativity.
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.
Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.
But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.
Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.
“The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,” Einstein wrote in 1944.
And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.
Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts.
“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”
Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com “The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution.”
Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.
What might happen to such a submission today?
“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”
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57. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?
[A] Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.
[B] It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.
[C] No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.
[D] It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.
58. What was critical to Einstein’s success?
[A] His talent as an accomplished musician.
[B] His independent and abstract thinking.
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2010年12月英语六级答案 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
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[C] His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.
[D] His solid foundation in math theory.
59. What does the author tell us about physicists today?
[A] They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.
[B] They are very good at solving practical problems.
[C] They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.
[D] They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.
60. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)?
[A] People have to compete in order to get their papers published.
[B] It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.
[C] Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.
[D] Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.
61. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______.
[A] forgot to make footnotes and citations
[B] was little known in academic circles
[C] was known as a young genius in math calculations
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2010年12月英语六级答案 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
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[D] knew nothing about the format of academic papers
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。［www.61k.com）
America’s most popular newspaper website today announced that the era of free online journalism is drawing to a close. The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to 62 plans for a paywall around its digital offering, 63 the accepted practice that internet users will not pay for news.
Struggling 64 an evaporation of advertising and a downward drift in street corner sales, The New York Times 65 to introduce a “metered” model at the beginning of 2011. Readers will be required to pay when they have 66 a set number of its online articles per month.
The decision puts the 159-year-old newspaper 67 the charging side of an increasingly wide chasm (鸿沟) in the media industry. But others, including the Guardian, have said they will not 68 internet readers, and certain papers, 69 London’s Evening Standard, have gone further in abandoning readership revenue by making their print editions 70 .
The New York Times’s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, 71 that the move is a gamble: “This is a 72 , to a certain degree, in where we think the web is going.”
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2010年12月英语六级答案 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com Boasting a print 73 of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, 74 the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. 75 most US papers focus on a single city, The New York Times is among the few that can 76 national scope—as well as 16 bureaus in the New York area, it has 11 offices around the US and 77 26 bureaus elsewhere in the world.
But 78 many in the publishing industry, the paper is in the grip of a 79 financial crisis. Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but 80 a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted a $250 million 81 from a Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim, to strengthen its balance sheet.
62. [A] set in [C] carry over
[B] set out [D] carry away
63. [A] abusing [C] developing
[B] deducting [D] abandoning
64. [A] with [C] along
[B] beside [D] by
65. [A] engages [C] deliberates
[B] intends [D] signifies
66. [A] exceeded [C] assumed
[B] multiplied [D] revealed
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2010年12月英语六级答案 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
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67. [A] on [C] over
[B] of [D] up
68. [A] cost [C] expend
[B] consume [D] charge
69. [A] as for [C] such as
[B] far from [D] by far
70. [A] reliable [C] applicable
[B] free [D] easy
71. [A] resisted [C] acknowledged
[B] certified [D] appealed
72. [A] net [C] bet
[B] kit [D] pit
73. [A] evaluation [C] circulation
[B] expansion [D] dimension
74. [A] behind [C] before
[B] against [D] within
75. [A] If [C] Hence
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2010年12月英语六级答案 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
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[B] While [D] Because
76. [A] ascend [C] lengthen
[B] announce [D] claim
77. [A] contributes [C] maintains
[B] disposes [D] encounters
78. [A] like [C] from
[B] beyond [D] through
79. [A] heavy [C] rough
[B] crude [D] serious
80. [A] targeted [C] suffered
[B] suspended [D] tolerated
81. [A] asset [C] account
[B] bill [D] loan
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。(www.61k.com］
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82. There is no denying that you __________________________________ (越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter.
83. Only when I reached my thirties _____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).
84. Much _________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶), the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.
85. Oh, my, I can’t find my key; ______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了).
86. I ____________________________________________ (宁愿加入你们去做义工) than go to the beach for a holiday.
2010年12月英语六级考试答案完整版
写作
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1. 目前高校排名相当盛行
2. 对这种做法人们看法不一
3. 我认为??
My View on University Ranking
There is no denying the fact that it has become a prevailing trend for some individuals or organizations to rank universities. Taking a look around, we can find examples too many to list. To this phenomenon people’s attitudes differ sharply. 获取更多英语四六级资料请访问恒星英语学习网 http://www.hxen.com
2010年12月英语六级答案 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com Some hold the positive view. They claim that ranking universities can help high school graduates or their parents to make a sound choice when enrolling in a university or college. Besides, this practice can help promote the level of higher education as a whole in that many universities will exert efforts to elevate their position.
Others, however, hold the opposite view. They point out that the result of ranking is not always credible, for many individuals or institutions do it merely for the purpose of colleting money. Furthermore, some universities overemphasize the result of ranking and waste large amounts of resources.
Personally, I believe that we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, it must be admitted that ranking is an effective means to encourage universities or colleges to compete with each other and improve their work. On the other hand, it should not be conducted and used in the wrong way.
快速阅读部分(北京新东方 张一鑫)
1. A)not be sustained in the long term
2. B)Intergenerational conflicts will intensify
3. D)politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election
4. A)allow people to work longer
5. D)younger workers are readily available
6. B)large numbers of immigrants from overseas
7. B)They find it hard to balance career and family
8. take risks
9. have families
10. military service
听力部分(北京新东方 王双林)
Listening Comprehension
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恒星英语学习网整理 http://www.hxen.com Section A
11. A The man is the manager of the apartment building
12. B How the pictures will turn out.
13. C The suitcase can be fixed in time.
14. B He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.
15. A She has made up her mind to resign.
16. D Replace the shirt with one of some other material.
17. D At a “Lost and Found”
18. C Convert in into a hotel
19. D Careful plotting and clueing.
20. D To be entirely alone.
21. C They look at the world in a detached manner.
22. B Like it or not, you have to use them.
23. D The monopoly of British Railways.
24. B Competition from other modes of transport.
25. D They lose a lot of money.
Section B
Passage One
26. C Many coastal cities will be covered with water.
27. B How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.
28. A It collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years. 获取更多英语四六级资料请访问恒星英语学习网 http://www.hxen.com
2010年12月英语六级答案 2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
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29. A The West Antarctic region was once a open ocean.
Passage Two
30 B Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web. 31 B The way they store data.
32 C When the URL is reused.
Passage Three
33. A
34. B
35. C
Section C
36. diverse
37. tragic
38. commit
39. outcome
40. scale
41. colleagues
42. accurate
43. averages
45. Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them,
46. went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right.
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47. Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.
简答及精读部分(北京新东方 张一鑫)
47. feminine and weak
48. lose composure
49. stress-related disorders
50. their emotional inexpressiveness
51. aggressive
52. A)solve virtually all existing problems
53. D)They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world
54. B)Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic scienes
55. A)Insufficient funding
56. C)Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values
57. D)It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges
58. B)His independent and abstract thinking
59. D)They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits
60. C)Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today
61. B)was little known in academic circles
完形填空(北京新东方 张一鑫)
62. B) set out
63. D) abandoning
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64. A) with
65. B) intends
66. A) exceeded
67. A) on 68. D) charge69. C) such as
70. B) free
71. C) acknowledged
72. C) bet
73. C) circulation
74. A) behind
75. B) While
76. D) claim 77. C) maintains
78. A) like
79. C) rough
80. C) suffered
81. D) loan
翻译答案(北京新东方 王兆飞)
82. cannot be too careful (结构)
83. did I realize that reading could not be neglected (倒装与时态)
84. to the researchers’ surprise(搭配)
85. I must have left it somewhere(情态动词)
86. would rather join you to work as volunteers(结构与搭配)
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四 : 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
Part I Writing (30minutes)
The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags
1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用
2.造成的问题
3.限制使用的意义
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。［www.61k.com）
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
That’s enough, kids
It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.
“I?d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he?d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ?No, we don?t push,” What happened next was unexpected.
“The boy?s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”
Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people?s children has become a minefield.
In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister?s house it?s encouraged. For her, it?s about kids being kids:”If you can?t do it at three, when can you do it?”
Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt?s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That?s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you?re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
“Kids aren?t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they?re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you?re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that?s somehow a criticism of me.”
In those circumstances, it?s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.
“I?d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ?we don?t do that here? is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”
He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.
This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they?re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says. Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers:”Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ?I know you?ll think I?m silly but in my house I don?t want…?”
When it comes to situations where you?re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don?t go well, then have a chat.”
There?re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”
For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today?s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ?don?t swear?, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They?re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.”
He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.
Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you?re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”
“It?s about what I?m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ?you probably deserved it?, are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”
This jumping to our children?s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people?s children. You know that if you remonstrate (劝诫) with the child, you?re going to have to deal with the parent. It?s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?
“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it?s only certain sectors of the population
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”
White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it?s a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We?re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”
One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defense. Back at the park, Bianchi?s intervention(干预) on her son?s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy?s mother.
As Bianchi approached the park bench where she?d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behavior and his mum for even worse behavior if he was challenged.”
Andrew Fuller doesn?t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people?s kids. “look at kids that aren?t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don?t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。[www.61k.com]
1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy?s mother to do when she talked to him?
A) make an apology
B) come over to intervene
C) discipline her own boy
D) take her own boy away
2. What does the author say about dealing with other people?s children?
A) it?s important not to hurt them in any way
B) it?s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing
C) it?s advisable to treat them as one?s own kids
D) it?s possible for one to get into lots of trouble
3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one?s kids are
A) discouraged
B) hurt
C) puzzled
D) overwhelmed
4. What should one do when seeing other people?s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
A) talk to them directly in a mild way
B) complain to their parents politely
C) simply leave them alone
D) punish them lightly
A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them
B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public
C) people are reluctant to point our kids? wrongdoings
D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids
6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep, .
A) it?s easy for people to become impatient
B) it?s difficult to create a code of conduct
C) it?s important to be friendly to everybody
D) it?s hard for people to admire each other
7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?
A) they?d question the teachers
B) they?d charge up to the school
C) they?d tell the kids to clam down
D) They?d put the blame on their kids
8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centered society should
9. According to professor white, today?s parents treat their children as something they 10. Andrew fuller suggests that, when kids behave inappropriately, people should not
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。（www.61k.com］
11．A)Only true friendship can last long.
B)Letter writing is going out of style.
C) She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.
D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends.
12. A) A painter. C) A porter.
B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.
13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.
B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.
14.A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.
B) He has been extremely busy recently.
C) He has gained some weight lately.
D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.
15.A)The woman possesses a natural for art.
B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.
C) He isn?t good at abstract thinking.
D) He doesn?t like abstract paintings.
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
16.A) She couldn?t have left her notebook in the library.
B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.
C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.
D) she shouldn?t have read his notes without his knowing it.
17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attend
B) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem
18.A)He is confident he will get the job.
B)His chance of getting the job is slim.
C)It isn?t easy to find a qualified sales manager.
D)The interview didn?t go as well as he expected.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19.A)He can manage his time more flexibly.
B)He can renew contact with his old friends.
C)He can concentrate on his own projects.
D)He can learn to do administrative work.
20.A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.
B)Calling its personnel department.
C)Contacting its manager.
D)Searching its website.
21.A)To cut down its production expenses.
B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.
C)To improve its administrative efficiency.
D)To utilize its retired employees? resources.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
22.A)Buy a tractor.
B)Fix a house.
C)See a piece of property.
D)Sing a business contract.
23.A)It is only forty miles form where they live.
B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.
C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.
D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.
24.A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.
B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.
C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.
D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.
25A)Finances
B)Equipment
C)Labor
D)Profits
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
26 A)To introduce the chief of the city?s police force
B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
C)To address the issue of community security
D)To explain the functions of the city council
27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management
B)He is head of the International Police Force
C)He completed his higher education abroad
D)He holds a master?s degree in criminology 28 A)To coordinate work among police departments
B)To get police officers closer to the local people
C)To help the residents in times of emergency
D)To enable the police to take prompt action 29 A)Popular
B)discouraging
C)effective
D)controversial
Passage Two
30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate
B)there are numerous languages in existence
C)Most public languages are inherently vague
D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages 31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence
B)in improves with constant practice
C)it is something we are born with
D)it varies from person to person
32 A)how private languages are developed
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
B)how different languages are related
C)how people create their languages
D )how children learn to use language
Passage Three
33 .A)she was a tailor
B) she was an engineer
C)she was an educator
D)she was a public speaker
34. A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.
B) Including interesting examples in them
C) Adjusting them to different audiences
D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science
35. A) Whether spacemen carry weapons
B) How spacesuits protect spacemen
C) How NASA trains its spacemen
D) What spacemen cat and drink Section C
Directions : In this section .you will hear a passage three time. When the passage is read for first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the first time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to43 with the exact words you have just heard. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。［www.61k.com]
Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades.
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new(37)____has appeared on the world(38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40)___and auto theft are clearly rising(41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.
What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) ___________
These conditions are increasingly observable around the world . For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)______________
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)__________
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)
Section A
Question 47-56
A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53 __ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.
Books provide ___54 _____ material for readers? imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers? books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.
A. Abundant
B. Characters
C. Communicating
D. Completely
E. Derive
F. Desire
G. Diversity
H. Escape
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A
B C D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage one
Question 57 to 61 based on the following passage.
If you are a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.
There are many reasons for this--typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don?t go to the doctor.
“Men aren?t seeing doctors as often as they should,” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.”
Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year.
Two months ago, Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker?s cough for a year.
“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life” I. Establishing J. Narrow K. Naturally L. Personnel M. Properly N. Respect O. Widen
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.
“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think “Geez, if it could happen to him, …”
Then there is the ostrich approach, “some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.
“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.
Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”
57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?
A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.
B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.
C. They have lived long enough to read this article.
D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.
58。［www.61k.com）What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?
A. men drink and smoke much more than women
B. men don?t seek medical care as often as women
C. men aren?t as cautions as women in face of danger
D. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases
59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him,…?(line2,para,8)?
A. it could happen to me, too
B. I should avoid playing golf
C. I should consider myself lucky
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
D. it would be a big misfortune
60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)
A. a casual attitude towards one?s health conditions
B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems
C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved
D. unwillingness to find out about one?s disease because of fear
61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
A. They may increase public expenses
B. They will save money in the long run
C. They may cause psychological strains on men
D. They will enable men to live as long as women
Passage two
Question 62 to 66 are based on the following passage
High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers and anyone who will listen.
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school
“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”
On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.
According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems, ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.
The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
salespeople.
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.
Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.
Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
“Retailers who?re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren?t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答
62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?
A Most customers won?t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.
B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.
C Few customers believe the service will be improved.
D Customers have no easy access to store managers.
63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)?
A New customers are bound to replace old ones.
B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.
C Most stores provide the same
D Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.
64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
A can stay longer browsing in the store
B won?t have trouble parking their cars
C won?t have any worries about security
D can find their cars easily after shopping
65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?
A Manners of the salespeople
B Hiring of efficient employees
C Huge supply of goods for sale
D Design of the store layout.
66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.
A exert pressure on stores to improve their service
B settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way
C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly
D shop around and make comparisons between stores
Part V Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true 67 children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and 68 sports programs and make sure that there is easy 69 to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are 70 likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 71 the resources needed to pay for participation 72, equipment, and transportation to practices and games 73 their communities do not have resources to build and 74 sports fields and facilities.
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
Organized youth sports 75 appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed 76 some educators and developmental experts 77 that the behavior and character of children were 78 influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This 79 many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in 80 ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.
This belief that the social 81 influenced a person?s overall development was very 82 to people interested in progress and reform in the United States 83 the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about 84 they might control the experiences of children to 85 responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a 86 capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.
67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards
68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor
69. A. access B. entrance C. Chance D. route
70 A. little B. less C. more D. much
71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack
72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare
73. A. so B. as C. and D. but
74. A. Maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain
75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally
76.A. before B. while C. until D. when
77.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited
78.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly
79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led
80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar
81.A. engagement B. environment C.state D. status
82.A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
83.A. for B. with C. over D. at
84.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however
85.A. multiply B. manufacture C. produce D. provide
86.A. growing B. breeding C. raising D. flying
Part VI Translation
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on answer sheet 2
(他们至今还没有答案).
(大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.
89.You?d better take a sweater with you(以防天气变冷).
90.Throught the project, many people have received training and (决定自己创业)
91.the anti-virus agent was not known 直到一名医生偶然发现了它).
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
2008年12月20日大学英语四级考试参考答案
Part I Writing 范文：
Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.
However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.
Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1-7 ADBACBD
8. challenged.
9. can be proud of.
10.Part III Listening comprehension
Section A
11-25 DACCD BBBAD DCBCA
Section B 26-35 ADBCB CDBCA
Section C
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
36 trend
37 phenomenon
38 scene
39 offences
40 murder
41 particularly
42 explosion
43 associated
44 changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.
46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) Section A
47-56 FKHGN IBAOM
Section B
57-61 CB ADB
Part IV Reading comprehension
62-66 BCBAC
Part V Cloze
67-86 ADABD CCABD ACDCB A DBCA
Part VI Translation
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
87. that they haven?t found answers to
88.What most parents are concerned about
89. in case it turn(s) cold
90. decided to start their own business
91. until it was accidentally found by a doctor
听力原文 短对话
Short Conversations
11．M: I just received an Email from one of my former classmates. I was surprised, I hadn?t heard from him for ages.
W: Well, I?ve been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line occasionally,
Q: What does the woman mean?
12. M: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your house early next week.
W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls, but I?ll let you know tomorrow.
Q: Who is the woman talking to?
13. W: Excuse me, do you have any apartments available for under 500 dollars a month? I need to move in next week when my new job starts.
M: The only vacant one I have is 600 dollars, have you inquired at the apartment complex down the street?
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
14. W: You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didn?t you? What are they like? M: Oh, they are pretty much like my other ones, except with a larger waist. I guess I haven?t spent much time exercising lately.
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
Q: What can we infer from the conversation about the man?
15. W: I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday. What do you think?
M: I guess it?s something I haven?t acquired a taste for yet.
Q: What does the man imply?
16. W: You haven?t seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didn?t leave it in the reading room.
M: Did you check that pile of journals you?ve borrowed from the library the other day?
Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman?
17. M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?
W: I?d love to, but I?m exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class.
Q: Why does the woman decline the man?s invitation?
18. W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn?t you? How did it go?
M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager?s job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.
听力长对话1
F: Simon, how does it feel to be retired?
M: Well, not so bad.
F: How have you been spending your time?
M: I have been spending more time with my family. I?ve also travelled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.
F: Great.
M: You know I haven?t stopped work completely.
F: Yes, could you tell us more about this?
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
M: I?m on a scheme that?s called phased retirement; I had a six-month break from work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.
F: How does the scheme work?
M: Well, it?s a trial at the moment. Instead of hiring temporary stuff, the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access.
F: What sort of works advertised?
M: Well, all sorts of things, really. Administrative work and more specialized work, the sort of thing I can do. Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days. I can decide more or less when to work. So I can manage my own time.
F: I can see it?s good for you. What is your company get out of this?
M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility, too. Once the job?s over, that?s it. I?m not on their books any more.
Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?
20. How does Simon get to know about the company?s available posts?
21. Why does the company adopt the phased retirement scheme?
长对话2
W: Oh, where are we going?
M: I want to show you something.
W: I know, but what is it?
M: A farm. It?s just down this road. It?s a small place, but at least it would be our own.
W: A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm?
M: It isn?t very large, only 40 acres. We wouldn?t have to pay very much right now.
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
W: Is there a house on the place?
M: A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up a little. I can do the job myself.
W: OK. Is there enough space for a kitchen garden?
M: There is about half an acre around the house. That?s plenty of space.
W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables. And maybe keep a few chickens, couldn?t we?
M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food.
W: What are you thinking about growing, if we do take this place?
M: Well, it really isn?t big enough for corn. I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.
W: Potatoes? There are a lot of work.
M: We are used to hard work, aren?t we?
W: Yes, we are, but the money. Do we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream.
M: I think we?ve saved enough. We can pay a little on the farm and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor, too.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Q 22:
What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation?
Q 23:
What does the man say about the farm?
Q 24:
Why does the man intend to grow potatoes rather than corn on the farm? Q 25:
What is the woman?s greatest concern about the man?s plan?
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
Passage 1
Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington, chief of our city?s police force. He will address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program. Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master?s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago. The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city. These officers do more than make arrests. They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place. Often that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies, such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure. Today Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program. Now let?s welcome Mr. Robert Washington.
26. What is the purpose of the speaker?s remarks?
He will address us on the subject of community policing program.
27. What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington?
Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master?s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the community policing program 8 years ago.
28. What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?
The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city.
29. How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?
And the program seems to be working, crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure.
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
Passage 2
There are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number. However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak languages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process. For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association. For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, “Hot, hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language. Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world. This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language. But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 30. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?
There are numerous public and private languages.
Question 31. What is Chomsky?s point on the ability to learn a language?
Human infants are born with the ability to learn language and the potential to learn any language in the world.
Question 32. What does Chomsky?s theory fail to explain according to the speaker?
It does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways. Passage 3
When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech. Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago and became an engineer before joining NASA, that is the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen speeches a year. Each speech is different because she tailors her remarks to each audience. Through interviews and E-mails,
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
she finds out in advance her listeners' educational level and what information they want to know. On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend. To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about. "How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat, drink, and go to the bathroom?" Her answer is “the spacesuit is really a small spacecraft with room for food and water-containers, and a waste-collection system.” To a high school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies. “Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?” Her answer is "No". To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the design of spacesuits that protects spacemen from the deadly temperature extremes of space. Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it?s important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech because every audience is different.
33. What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining in NASA?
34. How does Higginbotham prepare her speech on space walks?
35. What does the high school audience want to know about space travel?
Compound Dictation:
Crime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades. Crime rates have always been high in multi-cultural industrialized societies such as the United States. But a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene: rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few offences. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder and auto theft are clearly rising, particularly in Eastern European countries, such as Hungary, and in Western European nations, such as the Untied Kingdom. What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers. Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime. Increasing heterogeneity of population, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong. These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogenous, such as Japan, Denmark and Greece, are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history. Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the 21st century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.
2008年英语四级真题 大学英语四级试卷和答案-2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
[www.61k.com）五 : 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
On Excessive Packaging
Nowadays the phenomena of excessive packaging of goods are prevailing in our society: clothes swathed in tissue paper, placed in cardboard box and finally wrapped in well-designed plastic bags, imported bottles of grape wine packed in wooden boxes, fruits put in hand-woven baskets, to name but a few.
There are several causes of excessive packaging. The first reason is that a large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’ attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus gaining more profits. On the other hand, quite a number of consumers mistakenly hold that the more delicate the package is, the better the quality will be, thus encouraging excessive packaging.
In my point of view, excessive packaging has disastrous consequences, including the loss of precious resources, excessive consumption of water and energy, and unnecessary extraction of scarce land for landfill.
To solve the problem, it’s necessary to take the following measures. First, laws and regulations must be made to restrict excessive packaging of companies. In addition, we need to raise consumer’s awareness that excessive packaging doesn’t equal to high quality and advocate packaging recycling.
1. D) providing good education for baby boomers.
2. D) Students’ performance declined.
3. D) They are mostly small in size.
4. D) Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.
5. C) their college-level test participation.
6. B) Their school performance was getting worse.
7. A) maintain closer relationships with their teachers.
8. Simplicity
9. different measures
10. tough subjects
11. A) Discussing a house plan.
12. A) She is tired of the food in the canteen.
2012四级答案 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
13. A) Listening to some loud music.
14. B) The man can dress casually for the occasion.
15. A) Grey pants made from pure cotton.
16. B) Its location.
17. A) Travel overseas.
18. D) It is a good bargain.
19. A) Hosting an evening TV program.
20. C) He worked as a salesman.
21. A) He wanted to be his own boss.
22. B) They are all the man’s friends.
23. B) It remains a major part of industrial activity.
24. A) Transport problems.
25. C) Possible locations for a new factory.
26. B) They had known each other since childhood.
27. B) At Joe’s house.
28. D) Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other.
29. B) In his building’s parking lot.
30. C) It had been stolen by someone.
31. D) In the city garage.
32. B) The mysteriousness of creativity.
33. D) It is the source of all artistic work.
34. A) Creative imagination.
35. C) It is part of everyday life.
2012四级答案 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
Students have been complaining more and more about stolen property. Radios, cell phones, bicycles, pocket (36)calculators, and books have all been reported stolen. Are there enough campus police to do the job?
There are 20 officers in the campus security division. Their job is to (37)handle crime, accidents, lost and found (38)items, and traffic problems on campus. More than half of their time is spent directing traffic and writing parking tickets. (39)Responding promptly to accidents and other (40)emergencies is important, but it is their smallest job.
Dealing with crime takes up the rest of their time. Very (41)rarely did any violent crimes actually (42)occur.In the last five years there have been no (43)murders, seven robberies, and about sixty other violent attacks, most of these involving fights at parties. On the other hand,
(44)there have been hundreds of thefts and cases of deliberate damaging of public property, which usually involves breaking windows or lights, or writing on walls. The thefts are not the carefully planned burglaries that you see in movies. (45)Things get stolen when it is just easy to steal them because they are left lying around unwatched.
Do we really need more police?Hiring more campus police would cost money, possibly making our tuition go up again.(46) A better way to solve this problem might be for all of us to be more careful with our things.
47. E. domestic
48. C. communities
49. O. survive
50. H. gather
51. M. serves
52. N. surroundings
53. J. recession
54. K. reported
55. I. households
56. F. financially
2012四级答案 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
67. C avoid
68. B however
69. D failing
70. C stages
71. A on
72. A predicts
73. A through
74. B and
75. B sensitive
76. D experience
77. B as well as
78. C emotions
79. D to
80. A inevitable
81. D receive
82. A with
83. D quality
84. B positive
85. A memories
86. B increased
87. Those flowers looked as if they hadn't been watered for a long time(好长时间没有浇水了).
【点评】they即flowers做主语，用被动语态。（www.61k.com）一段时间应用完成时，looked过去式相比，后面应该过去完成时。
比我的车便宜一千英镑).
2012四级答案 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
【点评】简单的比较级，cheaper than。[www.61k.com]不需要重复car，直接用mine代替my car.
不妨听听音乐).
【点评】might as well“不妨”，原句中有might。listen to the music，听音乐。
灯亮着，门开着).
【点评】with短语做伴随状语，逻辑主语和表语之间的系动词省略。
91.The famous novel is said to have been translated into multiple languages(已经被译成多种语言).
【点评】be said to后面跟动词原型，“已经被译”，用完成时被动语态have been translated，介词用into。
听力：
Section A
11.答案：B) Go and ask the staff.
12.答案：A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.
13.答案：B) She is worried about missing her flight.
14.答案：A) In a restaurant
15.A) He is being interviewed for a job.
16.B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.
17.D) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.
18.B) They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic.
2012四级答案 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
19.B）He prefers hot weather to cold weather.
20.B）The cold houses.
21.C）Depressing.
22.B）They work hard and play hard.
23. What was the man’s major at university? 答案：B）French.
24. What was the man’s job in secondary schools? 答案：C）careers guidance.
25. What attracted the man to Nottingham University? 答案：B）Its pleasant environment.
Section B
Passage One（听力短文第一大题）
26. A. The art of Japanese brush painting
27. A. To enhance concentration
28. C. How listeners in different cultures show respect Passage Two（听力短文第二大题）
29. A. Buying and maintaining equipment.
30. A. Two of his employees committed theft.
31. D. Advancement to a higher promotion
2012四级答案 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
32. D. She is competing with Chris for that new job.
33. A）They help us see the important values of a culture.
34.B) The values they reflect may change.
阅读：
Section A
47 growth
48 stable
49 challenges
50 certainly
51 role
52 combined
53 significant
54 included
55 comprise
56 solutions
Section B
Passage One
57, C encourage boys to express their emotions freely 58, A perform relatively better
2012四级答案 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
59, C It fails to give boys the attention they need
60, A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys 61, C They have sharper vision
Passage Two
62. C . It makes all the hard work worthwhile.
63. D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.
64. A. conflicts between couples tend to rise
65. D. men and women view money in different ways.
66. C. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship. 完型填空
67.reveals
68.stuff
69.while
70.shortages
71.surveyed
72.private
73.concerned
74.recruit
75.As
2012四级答案 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
76.for
77.intensify
78.technical
79.priority
80.subjects
81.if
82.rate
83.particular
84.highlighted
85.workforce
86.where 翻译
87. Charity groups organized various activities to raise money for the survivors of the earthquake. (为地震幸存者筹款)
88. Linda couldn’t have received my e-mail (不可能收到我的电子邮件), otherwise, she could have replied.
89. It’s my mother who/that keeps encouraging me not to lose heart (一直鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my study.
90. The publishing house has to consider the popularity of this novel. (考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。(www.61k.com）
91. It’s wrong to define happiness only by money.(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福)
2012四级答案 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
省略
1. B. Its bad taste 2. A. an inadequate supply of production
3. B. Its people cared more for quantity 4. C. all kinds of overseas visitors
5. C. New ideas and presentations 6. D. maintain British traditional tastes
7. B. They are produced on excellent organic farms 8. the local markets
9. in a British way 10. share their meals
11. A.He is careless about his appearance. 12. A.Jane maybe caught in a traffic jam.
13. A.Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championship. 14. D.He has been having a hard time.
15. DThe woman thinks highly of the speaker 16. C.The woman should seek help from tutoring services.
17. C.Jill wore the overcoat last week. 18. B.An imaginary situation. 19. C. Pain and pleasure in sports 20. D. He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.
21. A. New ideas come up as you write.
22. D. Hostess of the weekly “Business World” 23. B. He and his wife did everything by themselves.
24. B. He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers. 25. B. The restaurant atmosphere
26. C There are many false notions about it.
27. C. It can lead to the loss of vision in children. 28. D. It can only be partly accomplished now. 29. D. They have jobs and other commitments.
30. A. They don't want to use up all their life savings. 31. C. Be frank and seek help from others. 32. A. Health and safety conditions in workplace.
33. A. Replace its out-dated equipments. 34. A. They requested to transfer to a safer department.
35. C. To protest against the poor working condition
36. survive 37. distant 38. backward 39. discovered 40. scientific 41. motion 42. predicted 43. introduced
44. that move at a speed greater than light, and therefore, might serve as our passports to the past.
45. seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as human have existed.
46. used a definition of time for experimental purposes, as that which is measured by a clock. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) Section A
47. N) tend 48. L) negative 49. H) efficiently 50. B) associated 51. A) alert
52. J) function 53. F) definitely 54. O) younger 55. E) continuing 56. G) different Passage One
57. D. Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
58. D. Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.
59. A. Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.
60. D. The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
61. A. It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.
Passage Two
62. B. Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.
63. A. It was challenged by some climate and risk experts. 64. B. It is invalid in terms of methodology.
65. D. Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.
66. D. How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards. Part V Cloze
67. to 68. specific 69. key 70. different 71. prevent 72. in 73. focus 74. over 75. rather 76. consumed
77. vital 78. amazed 79. contain80. interact 81. on 82. up 83. fill 84. avoid 85. doubt 86. impact; 87. ① nor did they make any explanation；② nor did they give the reason for doing so；③ and didn’t explain the reasons either
2012四级答案 2011至2012大学英语四级真题答案
88. ① could be assigned to another job；② could be assigned to do another job
89. at the risk of his own life
90. ① was his assistant who answered / picked up the phone；② turned out that his assistant answered / picked up the phone；③ turned out to be his assistant
91. his father persuaded him into / talked him into
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