一 : 英文合同的生效日和有效期条款

The Effective date and Duration Provisionof Contract

一、以合同的生效日作为计算基准日

合同的生效日期在合同中非常重要，合同有效期一般都是以合同生效日作为基准日。合同中约定的当事人的权利义务享有或承担的起始日期都是以合同的生效日作为计算基准日。

如：

The BUYER shall make an advance payment of twentymillion US Dollars ($2,000,000.00) to the SELLER within fifteen(15) days after the EFFECTIVE DATE of this PURCHASE and SALESCONTRACT.

买方在采购合同生效之日起十五个工作日内向卖方支付200万美元的预付款。

再如：The CONTRACTOR shall complete WORK within six (6)months after the EFFECTIVE DATE of this DESIGNCONTRACT.

承包商自本设计合同生效之日起6个月内完成工作。

本合同的有效期从合同生效日起算共_____年。
TheContract shall be valid for a period of ____ years from the Date ofEffectiveness of the Contract.

如：This AGREEMENT shall commence on 7th, November2007(“EFFECTIVEDATE”) and shallmaintain in full force and effect for three(3) years after theEFFECTIVE DATE。

本合同自2007年11月7日生效，有效期为三年。

为避免争议，一般在草拟合同时直接在合同中约定生效日，这种约定主要有以下几种表达方式：

例1在定义部分，就“生效日”进行定义，如：

EFFECTIVE DATE meansthe date on which the CONTRACT, after it is signed, be approved bythe Ministry of Commerce of the Peoples Republic of China.

本合同生效日是中华人民共和国商务部批准之日。

例2在合同中单列1个生效和有效期条款，比如：

This AGREEMENT shallcommence with effect from 2nd October 2005(“EFFFECTIVE DATE”) andshall continue until 2nd October 2010 unless terminated earlier inaccordance with its terms and conditions.

本合同自2005年10月2日起生效，除非根据本合同约定条款终止，有效期至2010年10月2日。

二、在所附条件成立时为合同生效基准日

合同生效除了以具体的日期表述外，还可以约定以某个事件的发生或不发生作为其生效起点，相当于附条件，只有在所附条件成立时合同才生效，比如在1个中外合资合同中：

The AGREEMENT shalltake affect upon the approval from the Ministry of Commerce of thePeople’s Republic of China.

本协议自中国商务部批准之日起生效。

再如： The AGREEMENT shallbe deemed to have come into effect on the date when Italy haspassed the LAW to cooperate with China concerningSERVICES.

当意大利方面依据法律批准了与中国的该服务时，本协议视为生效。

如合同自签字之日起经过6个月仍不能生效，则双方有权取消本合同。

If the Contract cannot come into forcewithin 6 (six) months after the date of signing the Contract, bothparties shall have the right to cancel the Contract.

This AGREEMENT shall take effect from theEFFECTIVE DATE provided that if the EEFFECITVE DATE has notoccurred by 30 November 2000, this AGREEMENT shall (unless thePARTIES agree otherwise) automatically terminate and each of thePARTIES hereto shall be released from any further obligationshereunder。

本协议生效日期为2000年11月30日，但如果届时未能生效，除非各方另有约定，本协议自动解除，各方互不承担责任。

采购协议的生效视另1个事件是否发生。为避免合同签订后其效力处于不确定的状态拖得太长，可在合同中约定，在某种条件下，合同永不生效，比如：

This AGREEMENT shallnever take effect provided that PARTY B cannot get the approvalfrom the competent authority within thirty (30) days after thesignature of this AGREEMENT.

合同签订后30日内乙方没有获得自己政府批准，则本协议自动解除。

三、关于合同有效期的持续期间

合同有效期的约定方式比较固定，通常为：

1）从生效日到某个具体日期；

（2）1个固定期间；（

3）一方可以通过通知随时终止。

例1明确约定1个具体日期。

This AGREEMENT shallbecome effective as of 1 May, 2004 and remain valid until 31st,December 2007.

本协议有效期从2004年五月1日至2007年12月31日。

本合同自生效之日起_______年有效，有效期满后合同将自动失效。

The Contract shall be in force for 5 years fromthe e（www.61k.com)ffective date of the Contract. After the expiration f its termof validity, the contract shall automatically become null andvoid.

The term of thisPATENT LICENSE AGREEMENT shall be from the EFFECTIVE DATE to thefull end of the term or terms for which PATENT RIGHTS have notexpired or, if only TECHNOLOGY RIGHTS are licensed and no PATENTRIGHTS are applicable, for a term of 15 years

本专利许可协议有效期从生效日起至专利权有效期内的期间，为期15年，只要技术权利得到许可，而且该技术权利不涉及专利权问题。

.以专利的有效期结束作为合同有效期最后一日。在合同中约定1个固定期间，作为合同有效期。如：

The AGREEMENT shallremain in effect for a period of five (5) years from the EFFECTIVEDATE, unless earlier terminated under the provisionshereunder.

本协议从生效之日起有效期为5年，除非依据本协议另有约定提前解除。

在1个勘探开发合同中：

The term of theCONTRACT shall include an exploration period, a development periodand a production period:

本合同有效期包括勘探期、开发期和生产期：

The explorationperiod, beginning on CO美眉ENCEMENT DATE, shall be divided into two(2) phases and shall consist of five (5) consecutive CALENDARYEARS, unless otherwise required.

开发期从起始日连续5年，分为2个阶段，除非另有约定：

The two (2) phases shall be asfollows:2个阶段为：

a) the first phase of three (3) CALENDAR YEARS(the first CALENDAR YEAR through the third CALENDAR YEAR) for coretesting;

第一阶段为期三年（第一年至第三年），为核心测试阶段。

b) the second phase of two (2) CALENDAR YEARS (thefourth CALENDAR YEARS through the fifth CALENDAR YEARS ) for PILOTDEVELOPMENT.

第二阶段为两年（第四年至第五年），为实验开发阶段。

一方通知对方随时终止合同的约定：

This AGREEMENT shalltake effect as of the date first above written and shall maintainin full force and effect until earlier termination by PARTY A inaccordance with the terms and conditions herein.

本协议于上述日期生效，在甲方依据本协议约定通知提前终止之前，应一直保持效力。

PARTY A shall havethe right to terminate this AGREEMENT at any time in its owndiscretion by serving a notice to PARTY B.

甲方有权在任何时候向乙方发出通知终止本协议。

This AGREEMENT shallcome into effect on ［the date of execution］, and shall continue in force until terminated byeither PARTY giving to the other not less than days notice expiringon［terminationdate］.

本协议应于日起生效，应一直有效至任何一方提前至少日通知另一方终止协议，在此情形下，协议应于［终止日期］终止。

以下是一条典型的期限条款，其中对于终止日期提供了多种选择：

　　This AGREEMENT shall ［come］［be deemed to have come］ into effect on ［insert date］［thedate of execution］, and,unless terminated earlier in accordance with clause X, shallcontinue in force until

本协议应［或者应视为］于［插入日期］起生效，除非按照本协议第X条提前终止，否则应一直有效直至

［Option I: fixed date］insert date. ［选择一：固定日期］插入日期

［Option II: expiry of notice on afixed date or subsequent anniversary］

［选择二：需提前通知终止，且终止日期为合同签署后某1个特别约定的日期］

terminated by eitherPARTY giving to the other not less than  ［years’/months’/days’］ noticeexpiring on ［insertearliest termination date］［or the same day in any subsequent year］.

任何一方提前［X年/月/日］通知另一方终止协议，在此情形下，协议应于［插入最早的终止日期］［或此后每周年的同一日期］终止。

［Option III: expiry of notice given at anytime］［选择三：可于任何时候通知终止］

terminated by eitherPARTY giving to the other not less than  ［years’/months’/days’］ notice,which may expire at any time.

任何一方提前［X年/月/日］通知另一方终止协议，在此情形下，协议可于通知的任何时间终止。

［Option IV: minimum period and thereafter subjectto termination at any time］

terminated by eitherPARTY giving to the other not less than  ［years’/months’/days’］ noticeexpiring at any time after ［insert date giving minimum period］.

［选择四：规定一段最短的有效期限，在该期限届满之后，可于任何时候通知终止］

在［插入最短的有效期限］后，任何一方提前［X年/月/日］通知另一方终止协议，在此情形下，协议可于通知的任何时间终止。

再如：

This AGREEMENT shalltake effect on the date first above written and shall maintain infull force and effect for 3 years subject to an automatic extensionof a maximum of 3 years.

有效期三年，但如果义务尚未履行完毕，则可以自动延长不超过三年的期限。

The duration of the AGREEMENT shall be 1 (one)year effective from the date of signing by both PARTIES and may beautomatically extended for an additional period of 3 months uponmutual agreement of the PARTIES.

本协议有效期从签署之日起为一年，期满如各方皆同意，自动续期三年。

This AGREEEMENT shall have effect for an initialperiod of five (5) years commencing on and from the date of thisAGREEMENT and thereafter for an unlimited number of subsequentperiods of five (5) years, each of which shall commence on and fromthe day immediately following the conclusion of the immediatelypreceding five (5) year period, until terminated in accordance withthe provisions hereunder.

本协议从为期5年的第一阶段起，随后不限制次数的连续的每次为期5年的阶段，每个阶段紧接前1个阶段，直到依据本协议约定终止。

这实际上并未直接约定合同的有效期，因为可以无限延期，有效期并不确定，只能依靠签约方的通知终止。

四、合同有效期结束后未尽事项的约定

由于合同终止，合同双方的权利义务自然终止，但是否意味着合同双方对对方不再承担任何的责任，合同终止，合同所有条款的效力是否全部失效。为了避免出现这样的争议，在草拟合同时，最好在合同中加上下面这2个标准条款，以专利许可协议为例：

No termination ofthis AGREEMENT or the license granted hereunder shall relieveLICENSEE of any obligation or liability accrued hereunder prior tosuch termination.

合同终止前产生的义务和责任并不因此而终止。

The obligations ofthe PARTIES under this Clause 5 of CONFIDENTIALITY shall survivethe expiry or the termination of this AGREEMENT for whateverreason.

合同终止，但保密义务仍然继续。

不过，如果这种义务是约束自己的客户，则最好约定1个合同终止后的保密最高时限，比如：

The obligations ofthe PARTIES under this Clause 5 of CONFIDENTIALITY shall survivethe expiry or the termination of this AGREEMENT by three years forwhatever reason.

因此，保密义务在合同终止后三年内继续存在，但三年后该义务解除。

二 : 英文合同一般性条款的基本要求

英文合同常见的必备条款一般包括如下部分：

PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 前言

DEFINITIONS定义

OPERATIVE CLAUSES具体操作条款

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT如有必要，根据交易具体情况设定相应先决条件

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 陈述和保证

TERM 合同期限

TERMINATION 合同终止

CONTINUING OBLIGATIONS双方持续的义务

CONFIDENTIALITY 保密义务

.BREACH OF CONTRACT 违约责任

FORCE MAJEURE 不可抗力

SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES争议的解决

APPLICABLE LAW 适用法律

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 其他规定

下面我们分部分结合实例具体讲解：

一、关于PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 前 言

例This MasterMarketing Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into asof [MONTH DAY, YEAR] (the “Effective Date”) by andbetween: aDelaware corporation with a principal place of business at(“VENDOR”)

and

RESEARCHIN MOTION LIMITED, a company incorporated in the Province ofOntario and having its principal place of business at 295 PhillipStreet, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3W8 (“RIM”)

WHEREAS:

本销售服务主协议（下称：协议）由一家主营业地位于特拉华州（美国—译注）的公司（下称：供方）与位于安大略省（加拿大—译注），主营业地在295 Phillip Street, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3W8（下称：需方）于（年 月 日）签订的，鉴于：

A. RIM isa leading distributor and marketer of innovative wireless solutionsfor the worldwide marketplace;

需方是在全球市场从事领先的无线解决方案开发的主要销售商；

（译注：RIM是加拿大生产黑莓BlackBerry移动电子邮件系统终端的公司）

B. VENDORis in the business of [INSERT A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THEVENDOR’S BUSINESS IN NO MORE THAN 3 SENTENCES]; and

供方的主要经营为：

C. RIM andVENDOR (each a “Party” and collectively the “Parties”) wish toenter into an

add background information ifappropriate视交易具体情况决定是否应介绍合同背景

例After friendlyconsultations conducted in accordance with the principles ofequality and mutual benefit, the Parties have agreed to [describesubject matter of the Contract] in accordance with Applicable lawsand the provisions of this Contract.

双方本着平等互利的原则，经友好协商，依照［相关法律名称］以及其他有关法律，同意按照本合同的条款，［描述合同标的］。

例independentcontractor arrangement whereby VENDOR shall perform certainServices (as defined herein) on the terms and conditions set forthin this Agreement.

NOWTHEREFORE in consideration of the mutual promises and covenantsherein contained, the Parties hereby covenant and agree asfollows:

双方希望建立专项承包商关系，并据此，供方按照本协议的约定提供某种服务。鉴于双方的相互承诺，特此立约如下：

Now theParties Hereby Agree as follows:双方现协议如下：

二、关于Definitions 定义

例 Unless the termsor context of this contract otherwise provide, all term used inthis Contract shall have the meanings set out asfollows.

除本合同条款或上下文另有所指，本合同中所有相关用语的定义见如下。

例Unless the terms or context of this Contract otherwise provide, thefollowing terms shall have the meanings set out below:

除非本合同条款或上下文另有所指，下列用语的含义如下：

例“Affiliate” means any entity which, directly orindirectly, is controlled by , under common control with, or incontrol of, a Party; the term “control” being used in the sense ofpower to elect or appoint a majority of directors or to direct themanagement of a company.

“关联机构”指任何直接或间接被一方控制、与该方受共同控制、或者控制该方的公司：“控制”这一用词的含义指拥有选举或委派董事会多数董事或指示公司管理部门的权力。

例“Applicable Laws” mean the laws, regulations,rules, and legislative, executive or judicial notices, orders,decisions or other documents binding on either Party or the subjectmatter of this Contract.

“有关法律”指对本合同一方或本合同标的适用的法律、法规、规章，以及立法、行政或司法机关颁布的通知、命令、决定或其他公示文件。

例“Business Day” means, in respect of Party A and anyaction to be taken by Party B in the PRC, any day on which thecompanies in the PRC are generally open for business in the PRC,including a Saturday or Sunday which the PRC government temporarilydeclares to be a working day (“Working Rest Day”), but excluding astatutory holiday, or a Saturday or Sunday other than a WorkingRest Day; in respect of any action to be taken by Party B in [PartyB Home Country], any day on which the companies in [Party B HomeCountry] are generally open for business in [Party B HomeCountry].

“工作日”就甲方而言，指中华人民共和国境内公司通常对外营业的任何一日，包括中国政府宣布为临时工作日的周六或星期日（“调休工作日”），但不包括法定节假日以及调休工作日以外的周六或星期日；就乙方而言，指乙方所在国境内公司通常对外营业的任何一日。

例“China” and “PRC” mean the People’s Republic ofChina, [but for purposes of this Contract do not include thespecial administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau and theregion of Taiwan]

[“中国”指中华人民共和国，但在本合同中，不包括香港和澳门特别行政区以及中国的台湾地区]

例“Confidential Information” means any business,marketing, technical, scientific or other information disclosed byany Party which, at the time of disclosure, is designated asconfidential (or like designation), is disclosed in circumstancesof confidence, or would be undertstood by the Parties, exercisingreasonable business judgement, to be confidential.

“保密资料”指某方所披露的符合以下条件之一的商业、营销、技术、科学或其他信息：在披露时标明为保密（或有类似标记）的、在保密情况下披露的、或双方根据合理的商业判断应理解为保密资料的。

例“Effective Date” means the [date of this Contractfirst shown above][the date on which each of the conditionsprecedent in Article ,have been satisfied or waived in accordance with the termsthereof].

“Expiration Date” meansthe day on which the initial Term or any extended Term expires inaccordance with the provisions of Articles.1 and.2.

“生效日”指本合同首部所载之日[，或者第 条（先决条件）中所设定的先决条件根据该条有关规定成就或被放弃之日]。

例“Intellectual Property Right” or “IPR” means anyand all rights in any invention, disvcovery, improvement, utility,model, copyrightable work, industrial design or mask work,algorithm, data structure, trade secrets or know-how, ConfidentialInformation, or any idea having commercial value. IPR shall includeany trademark, trade dress, trade name, domain name, or other marksthat serve to indetify and distinguish goods or services as comingfrom, or falling under the control of, a single source. IPR shall include allrights of whatsoever nature in computer software and data, allintangible rights or privileges of a nature similar to any of theforegoing in every case in any part of te world and whether or notregistered, and all rights in any applications and grantedregistrations for any of the foregoing rights;

“知识产权”指针对以下任何一项所拥有的权利（在每种情况下其权利范围均包括世界任何地区并且无论是否经登记）：发明、发现、改进、实用新型、外观设计、有著作权的作品、工业设计或掩模、算法、数据结构、商业秘密或专有技术、保密资料、或具有商业价值的想法。知识产权还包括商标、商号、装潢、域名，以及表明或突出某一货物或服务来源泉于某一实体（或者提供方受某一实体控制）的其他标记。知识产权包括所有针对计算机软件及数据的任何性质的权利（以及与上述权利性质类似的所有无形权利或特权），还包括上述权利的申请权以及获准登记权。

例References to Schedules, Annexes, Articles and Sections arereferences to schedules, annexes, articles and sections of thisContract.

本合同中提及附录、附件和条款均指本合同的相应附录、附件和条款。

例 References in thisContract to laws, rules or regulations or to contracts, contractsor other documents, shall mean the same as amended from time, andreferences to government ministries, bureaux, departments,commissions, agencies, etc. shall include all successor entitiesthereto.

本合同中提及法律、法规或规章，或合同、协议或其他文件，也包括其修订后的版本，本合同中提及政府部、局、部门、委员会、署，也指这些机构的继受机构。

例 Inthis Contract, the masculine form includes the feminine form andthe singular form includes the plural form, and viceversa.

在本合同中所使用的男性称谓也包括女性，单数也包括复数，反之亦然。

例Headings are for convenience of reference only and shall not affectthe construction or interpretation of this Contract.

在各条款标题仅为方便查阅，对本合同的理解或解释无影响。

三、关于OPERATIVE CLAUSES 具体操作条款

双方就合同的标的情况设立有关具体内容，如品名、质量、标准价格、支付方式等。

四、关于交易具体情况设定相应先决条件Conditions Precedent

也可以没有这部分内容

五、关于陈述与担保 Representatins and Warranties

Add undertakings if appropriate

如有必要，根据交易具体情况设定相应单方陈述和保证条款，内容包括

例Each partyrepresents and warrants to the other Party that on the datehereof:

双方分别向对方陈述并担保，于本合同签订日：

(a) it is [anindependent legal person] duly organized, validly existing and ingood standing under the laws of the place of itsestablishment;

根据其成立地的法律，该方［为独立法人、］依法定程序设立、有效存续、且相关手续完备

(b) ithas full authority to enter into this Contract and to perform itsobligations hereunder;

该方有全权订立本合同以及履行本合同项下义务；

(c) ithas authorized its representative to sign this Contract and fromand after the Effective Date the provisions of this Contract shallbe legally binding upon it;

该方已授予其授权代表签署合同的权力，从生效日开始，本合同的条款对其具有法律约束力

(d) itsexecution of this Contract and its performance of its obligationshereunder(i)will not violate any provision of its business license,articles of incorporation, articles of association or similarorganizational documens; (ii) will not violate any Applicable Lawor any governmental authorization or approval; and (iii) will notviolate or result in a default under any contract to which it is aparty or to which it is subject;

该方签订本合同以及履行本合同项下义务：

（i）不会违反其营业执照、成立协议、章程或类似组织文件的任何规定

（ii）不会违反有关法律或任何政府的授权或批准；并且

（iii）不会违反其作为当事人一方（或受之约束）的其他任何合同，也不

会导致其被认定在该合同项下未履约：

(e) nolawsuit, arbitration or other legal or governmental proceeding ispending or, to its knowledge, threatened against it that wouldaffect its ability to perform its obligations under this Contract;and

不存在将影响该方履行本合同项下义务的能力的、已经发生且尚未了结的诉讼、仲裁申请或其他司法或行政程序，而且据其所知无人威胁将采取上述行动：并且

(f) ithas disclosed to the other Party all documents issued by andgovernmental department that may have a material adverse effect onits ability to full perform its obligations under this Contract,and the documents previously provided by it to the other Party donot contain any misstatements or omissions of materialfacts.

该方已经向对方提供可能对其全面履行其在本合同项下义务的能力造成重大不利影响的相关政府机构颁发的所有文件，并且该方此前提供给对方的文件中没有对任何重要事实的不实陈述或者漏述。

consequences of lnaccuracy in Representations

if any ofthe above representations and warranties of a Party are notaccurate in all material respects on the date hereof, then suchParty shall be in breach of this Contract.

如果在本合同签订日，一方的上述陈述和担保的任何一项与实际情况有实质性不符，则构成该方违约。

六、关于Term合同期限

例 Subject to theprovisions of Article.2,the term of the Contract (“Term”) shall be two years, commencingon the Effective Date.

根据合同第2条规定，本合同期限（“本合同期限”）为两年，于［合同生效日］开始，并于［合同到期日］（“合同到期日”）届满。

例Extension合同期限的续展

The Termshall expire automatically on the Expiration Date, unless extendedfor an additional term through a written contract signed by theauthorized representatives of the Parties at least [sixty (60)]days prior to the Expiration Date.

本合同于到期日自动终止，除非在到期日之前双方授权代表至少提前[六十（60）]天签署书面协议，续展本合同期限。

七、关于Termination合同终止

insert other conditions triggering termination asappropriate根据情况设定其他导致合同终止的条款

例 Either party mayterminate this Contract if the other party fails to fulfill orperform any of its obligations hereunder in the event that suchfailure remains unremedied sixty(60)days after the service of awritten notice by the party to the defaulting party specifying thefailure in question and requiring it to be remedied. Thetermination of this Contract shall not release either party formperformance any of its obligations due at the time of suchtermination.

如果一方未能完成或履行其在本合同项下的任何义务，而且未能在另一方向该方送书面通知，指出该方违约行为并要求该方予以改正后六十（60）天该方仍未予以改正，另一方则可以终止本合同。本合同的终止，不得解除任何一方在终止到期应履行的任何义务。

例Termination合同终止

(a) This Contract shallterminate upon the expiration of the Term unless extended pursuantto Article3 .2.

本合同于合同到期日终止，除非双方按照第3.2条的规定续约。

(b) This Contract may beterminated at any time prior to expiration of the Term by themutual written contract of the Parties.

本合同其限届满之前，双方可通过书面协议随时终止本合同。

(c) At any time prior tothe expiration of the Term, a Party (“Notifying Party ”) mayterminate this Contract through notice to the other Party inwriting if:

本合同期限届满之前，如果发生以下情形之一，一方（“通知方”）可随时向对方发出书面通知后终止本合同：

（i）The other Party materially breaches this contract,and such breach is not cured within the Cure Period grantedpursuant to Article 3(a) (Remedies for Breach of Contract);or

对方违反本合同项下某一主要义务，且未在通知方根据 3（a）条（违约救济）规定发出的书面违约通知中规定的补救期内对违约予以补救；

(ii) theother Party becomes bankrupt, or is the subject of proceedings forliquidation or dissolution, or ceases to carry on business orbecomes unable to pay its debts as they come due; or

对方破产，或者成为解散或清算程序的对象，或者歇业，或者无力偿还到期债务；

(iii) the conditions orconsequences of Force Majeure (as hereinafter defined) which have amaterial adverse effect on the affected Party’s ability to performcontinue for a period in excess of six (6) months and the Partieshave been unable to find an equitable solution pursuant toArticle.2(c) (Consequences of Force Majeure) hereof; or

不可抗力（如下文所定义）事件或其影响持续超过六（6）个月，且双方无法按照第[ ]条（不可抗力的后果）的条款达成一项公正的解决方案；

(iv) a fundamentalprovision of this Contract (without which one or both of theParties would not have entered into the Contract) is declared orbecomes invalid under Applicable Law.

根据有关法律，本合同的某一基本条款（如果没有该条款则一方或双方不会订立本合同）被判定为无效或成为无效条款；

八、关于 Continuing Obligations 双方持续的义务

Theprovisions of Article(Termination), Article(Breach of contract) (but only with respect to claims arising priorto the termination hereof or with respect to other continuingobligations), Article (Confidentiality) andArticle(Settlement of Disputes) shall survive the termination of thiscontract.

以下各条的条款在本合同终止后继续有效：第[]条（合同终止），第[ ]条（违约）（但其效力仅限于本合同终止前发生的违约事件以及违反其他持续义务的情形），第[ ]条（保密义务），以及第[ ]条（争议的解决）。

九、关于Confidentiality保密义务

例The existence ofthis Contract, as well as its content, shall be held in confidenceby both Parties and only disclosed as may be agreed to by bothParties or as may be required to meet securities disclosure orexport permit requirements. Neither Party shall make publicstatements or issue publicity or media releases with regard to thisContract or the relationship between the Parties without the priorwritten approval of the other Party.

双方应对本合同的存在及其内容保密，只有在双方均同意的情况下（或者根据有关证券市场规定须披露或为获得出口许可证须披露的情况下）方可向有关方披露。未经对方事先书面同意，任何一方均不得就本合同或双方的关系发表公开声明或发布宣传或新闻稿。

例From time to time prior to and during the term of this Contracteither Party (“disclosing Party ”) has disclosed or may discloseConfidential Information to the other Party (“Receiving Party ”).The receiving Party shall, during the term of this Contract and fortwo years thereafter:

本合同订立前以及在本合同期间，一方（“披露方”）曾经或者可能不时向对方（“受方”）披露该方的保密资料。在本合同期限内以及随后2年间，受方必须：

(a)maintain the confidentiality of ConfidentialInformation;

对保密资料进行保密；

(b) notto use Confidential Information for any purpose other than thosespecifically set out in this Contract; and

不为除合同明确规定的目的之外的其他目的使用保密资料；

(c) notdisclose any such Confidential Information to any person or entity,except to its employees or employees of its Affiliates,its agents,attorneys, accountants and other advisors who need to know suchinformation to perform their responsibilities and who have signedwritten confidentiality contracts containing terms at least asstringent as the terms provided in this Article.

除为履行其职责而确有必要知悉保密资料的该方雇员（或其关联机构、该方律师、会计师或其他顾问的雇员）外，不向其他任何人披露，且上述人员须签署书面保密协议，其中保密义务的严格程序不得低于本条的规定。

例 The provisions ofArticle 11 above shall not apply to information that:

上述第11条的条款对以下信息不适用：

(a) canbe shown to be known by the receiving Party by written records madeprior to disclosure by the disclosing Party;

受方有在披露方向其披露前存在的书面记录证明其已经掌握；

(b) isor becomes public knowledge otherwise than through the receivingParty’s breach of this Contract; or

并非由于受方违反本合同而已经或者在将来进入公共领域；或者

(c) wasobtained by the receiving Party from a third party having noobligation of confidentiality with respect to suchinformation.

受方从对该信息无保密义务的第三方获得。

例 Each party shallformulate rules and regulations to inform its directors, seniorstaff, and other employees, and those of their Affiliates of theconfidentiality obligation set forth in this Articles .

每一方应制订相应的规章制度，告知该方（以及该方的关联机构）董事、高级职员以及其他雇员本条规定的保密义务。

例 Upon the expirationor termination of this Contract, [and in any event upon thedisclosing Party’s request at any time], the receiving Party shall(i) return to the other Party, or at the disclosing Party’sdirection destroy, all materials (including any copies thereof)embodying the other Party’s Confidential Information and (ii)certify in writing to the other Party, within ten days followingthe other Party’s request, that all of such materials have beenreturned or destroyed.

本合同终止后（或经披露方随时提出要求），受方应（1）向对方归还（或经对方要求销毁）包含对方保密资料的所有材料（包括其复印件），并且（2）在对方提出此项要求后十（10）日内向对方书面保证已经归还或销毁上述材料。

十、关于Breach of Contract违约责任与救济

1Remedies for Breach of Contract违约救济

例 Except as otherwiseprovided herein, if a Party (“breaching party”) fails to performany of its material obligations under this Contact, then the otherParty (“aggrieved party”) may at its option:

除本合同其他条款另有规定外，如果一方（“违约方”）未履行其在本合同项下主要义务，则对方（“受损害方”）除享有有关法律赋予的权利外，还可选择采取以下救济措施：

(a) givewritten notice to the breaching party describing the nature andscope of the breach and demand that the breaching party cure thebreach at its cost within a reasonable time specified in the notice(“Cure Period”); and

向违约方发出书面通知，说明违约的性质以及范围，并且要求违约方在通知中规定的合理期限内自费予以补救；并且

(b) ifthe breaching party fails to cure the breach within the Cureperiod, the aggrieved party may claim direct and foreseeabledamages arising from the breach.

如果违约方未在该书面通知中规定的补救期内予以补救，则受损害方可就违约引起的可以预见的直接损失提出索赔。

2Limitation on Liability责任限制

例 Notwithstanding anyother provision of this Contract, neither Party shall be liable tothe other Party for damages for loss of revenues or profits, lossof goodwill or any indirect or consequential damages in connectionwith the performance or non-performance of this Contract .Theaggregate liability of a Party for all claims for any loss, damageor indemnity whatsoever resulting from such Party’s performance ornon-performance of this Contract shall in no caseexceedUnited States Dollars (US$) or the RMB equivalent thereof.

无论本合同其他条款有何规定，任何一方均不向对方承担因本合同的履行或不履行而造成的收入或利润丧失、商誉丧失或任何间接或附带性损失的赔偿责任。在任何情况下，一方因本合同的履行或不履行而造成的损失、损害或补偿索赔所承担的责任累计总额不得超过[ ]美元（US￥[ ]）或等值的人民币。

十一、关于Force Majeure不可抗力

1Definition of Force Majeure不抗力的定义

例 “Force Majeure” shallmean all events which are beyond the control of the Parties to thisContract, and which are unforeseen, unavoidable or insurmountable,and which prevent total or partial performance by either of theParties.Such events shall include earthquakes, typhoons, flood ,fire, war,strikes, riots, acts of governments, changes in law or theapplication thereof or any other instances which cannot beforeseen, prevented or controlled, including instances which areaccepted as Force Majeure in general international commercialpractice.

“不可抗力”指超出本合同双方控制范围的、无法预见并且无法避免或无法克服的事件，该事件使得本合同一方部分或者完全不能履行本合同。这类事件包括但不限地地震、台风、洪水、火灾、战争、罢工、暴动、政府行为、法律规定或者其适用发生变化，或者其他任何无法预见、避免或者控制的事件，包括在国际商务初中中通常认定为不可抗力的事件。

2Consequences of Force Majeure不可抗力的后果

例 if an event of ForceMajeure occurs, a Party’s contractual obligations affected by suchan event under this Contract shall be suspended during the periodof delay caused by the Force Majeure and shall be automaticallyextended, without penalty, for a period equal to suchsuspension.

如果发和不可抗力事件，一方在本合同项下受不可抗力影响的义务在不可抗力造成的延误期间自动中止，并且其履行期限应自动延长，延长期间为中止的期间，该方无须为此承担违约责任。

例 The Party claiming Force Majeure shall promptly inform the otherParties in writing and shall furnish within [fifteen (15)] daysthereafter sufficient proof of the occurrence and duration of suchForce Majeure. The Party claiming Force Majeure shall also use allreasonable endeavours to terminate the Force Majeure.

提出受不可抗力影响的一方应及时书面通知对方，并且在随后的[十五（15）]日内向对方提供不可抗力发生以及持续期间的充分证据。提出受不可抗力影响的一方还应尽一切合理的努力排除不可抗力。

例 In the event of Force Majeure, the Parties shall immediatelyconsult with each other in order to find an equitable solution andshall use all reasonable endeavours to minimize the consequences ofsuch Force Majeure.

发生不可抗力的，双方应立即进行磋商，寻求一项公正的解决方案，并且要尽一切合理的努力将不可抗的的影响降至最小。

十二、关于Settlement of Disputes争议的解决

1Friendly consultations友好协商

例 In the event of anydispute, controversy or claim (collectively, “dispute”) arising outof or relating to this Contract, or the breach, termination orinvalidity hereof, the Parties shall attempt in the first instanceto resolve such dispute through friendly consultations.

如果发生由本合同（或者违反、终止或者无效）引起或者与其相关的争议、纠纷或者索赔（统称“争议”），双方首先应争取通过友好协商来解决争议。

2Arbitration仲裁

例 If any dispute is notresolved by friendly consultations within [sixty (60)] days afterthe date such consultations were first requested by a Party, thenany Party may submit the dispute for arbitration in [Singapore]before the [Singapore International Arbitration Centre] inaccordance with its rules of arbitration procedure, supplemented bythe following:

如果某一争议未在一方首次提出协商之日后[六十（60）]日内通过友好协商解决，则任何一方可将该争议提交[新加坡国际仲裁中心]在[新加坡]仲裁，仲裁按照[该中心]仲裁程序规则进行，同时应遵循以下补充规定：

(a)There shall be one (1) arbitrator appointed by the arbitrationbody.

仲裁由该仲裁机构指定的一（1）位仲裁员审理。

(b) Thearbitration proceedings shall be conducted in the Englishlanguage.

仲裁程序用英文进行。

(c) Thearbitration award shall be final and binding on the Parties, andthe Parties agree to be bound thereby and to actaccordingly.

仲裁裁决为终局性的，对双方均有约束力，双方同意受该裁决的拘束并且依照裁决执行。

(d) Allcosts of arbitration shall be borned by the Parties as determinedby the arbitration tribunal..

所有仲裁费用由双方根据仲裁庭作出的决定承担。

Continuing Rights andObligations持续的权利和义务

When any dispute occurs and is the subject offriendly consultations or arbitration, the Parties shall continueto exercise their remaining respective rights and fulfil theirremaining respective obligations under this Contract, except inrespect of those matters under dispute.

当某一争议已发生并且正在通过友好协商或仲裁解决时，双方可继续行使其各自在本合同项下的其他权利，同时应继续履行其各自在本合同项下的其他义务，但与争议事项有关的权利和义务除外。

3Enforcement of Award裁决的执行

例 Judgment upon anyarbitral award may be entered in any court having jurisdiction overthe Party against which the award has been rendered, or applicationmay be made to any such court for judicial acceptance of the awardand an order of enforcement, as the case may be. In the event ofjudicial acceptance and an order of enforcement, each Partyexpressly waives all rights to object thereto, including anydefense of sovereign immunity and any other defense based on thefact or allegation that it is an agency or instrumentality of asovereign state.

仲裁胜诉方可请求对仲裁败诉一方有管辖权的法院作出相应判决，或者向该法院申请对仲裁裁决予以司法承认并发布强制执行令（以适用者为准）。在法院对仲裁裁决予以司法承认并发布强制执行令的情况下，双方特此明确放弃其提出抗辩的所有权利，包括以主权豁免作为抗辩事由，以及基于其是1个主权国家的机构或部门的事实或主张的其他抗辩事由。

4Injunctive Relief 申请禁制令的司法救济权利

例 Notwithstanding theforegoing, the Parties agree that each Party has the right to seekinjunctive or other similar relief in any court of competentjurisdiction in respect of any claims of breach of confidentialityor IPR infringement.

无论本合同前述条款有何规定，双方同意如果一方提出对方违反保密条款或侵犯知识产权的指控，则提出指控一方可向任何1个有管辖权的法院申请发布制止侵权、违约行为的禁制令或采取其他类似救济措施。

十三、关于Applicable Law适用法律

例The validity, interpretation and implementation of this Contractshall be governed by the laws of [the People’s Republic ofChina][another jurisdiction] (without regard to its rules governingconflict of laws).

本合同的效力、解释以及执行适用[中华人民共和国法律][另一司法区域的法律]（但不适用有关法律冲突的规则）

例Unless otherwise stipulated in thiscontract, the terms and conditions of this contract shall beinterpreted in accordance with the “International Rules for theInterpretation of Trade Terms (INCOTERMS 2000)” provided byInternational Chamber of Commerce.

除非另有约定，此合同受国际商会发布的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的约束。

十四、关于Miscellaneous Provisions其他规定

Independent ContractorRelationship合同双方之间的独立关系

例The parties areonly establishing an independent contractor relationship with eachother by entering into this Contract. Nothing in this Contractshall be construed or implied as:

合同双方签订本合同仅仅在他们之间产生独立合同关系。本合同任何条款均不得被解释为：

(a)establishing between the Parties hereto any partnership or anyother form of relationship entailing joint liability;

合同双方之间形成合伙关系或其他导致共同责任的关系；

(b)constituting either of the Parties hereto as the agent of the otherParty (except with the other Party’s prior written consent);or

使任何一方成为另一方的代理人（对方事先书面同意的除外）；或者

(c)authorizing either Party to incur any expenses or any other form ofobligation on behalf of the other Party (except with the otherParty’s prior written consent).

授权一方为另一方招致费用或其他任何形式的义务（对方事先书面同意的除外）。

Binding Effect合同拘束力的范围

例This Contract ismade for the benefit of the Parties hereto and their respectivelawful successors and assignees and is legally binding onthem.

本合同的受益人为本合同双方以及该方合法的继受者和受让人并对其有法律拘束力。

Amendment变更

例 This Contractshall not be changed verbally, but only by a written instrumentsigned by the Parties.

本合同不得以口头方式修改，而须以双方签署书面文件的方式修改。

例 Amendments to thisContract may be made only by a written instrument signed by a dulyauthorized representative of each of the parties and,unless priorapproval from the examination and approval authority is statutorilyrequired,such amendments shall become effective upon the signing bythe duly authorized representatives of the parties.

对本合同的修改，只能通过各方正式授权的代表签署协议进行。除法律要求须经审批机关事先批准外，该等修改经各方正式授权的代表签字后即刻生效。

No Solicitation禁止招揽对方雇员

例Neither Party shalldirectly solicit for employment the other Party’s personnel who areengaged in the performance of this Contract, during the Term ofthis Contract and within one (1) year after the Expiration Date,without the prior written consent of the other Party.

在本合同有效期内以及本合同终止一（1）年内，任何一方均不得直接向另一方参与本合同执行的雇员发出招聘要约，经另一方书面同意的除外。

Notices通知

例 Any notice orwritten communication provided for in this Contract by either Partyto the other, including but not limited to any and all offers,writings, or notices to be given hereunder, shall be made in[language] by courier service delivered letter or by facsimile [orelectronic mail] and confirmed by courier service delivered letter,promptly transmitted or addressed to the appropriate Party. Thedate of receipt of a notice or communication hereunder shall be thedate of delivery confirmed by the courier service in the case of acourier service delivered letter and the next working day afterdispatch in the case of a facsimile [or email]. All notices andcommunications shall be sent to the appropriate address set forthbelow, until the same is changed by notice given in writing to theother Party.

本合同规定一方向另一方发出的通知或书面函件（包括但不限于本合同项下所有要约、书面文件或通知）均应以英文制作，并以传真[或电子邮件]的方式发送给对方，同时通过及时发送或递交给相应一方的专递信函（并且有回执）予以确认。收到通知或往来函件的日期，如果是以专递信函方式送达，为经专递信函服务提供者确认的递交日如果是以传真[或电子邮件]的方式送达，为发出后的第二个工作日。所有通知及往来函件应发送至以下地址，直到某方书面通知另一方变更地址为止。

例 Notices requiredor permitted under this Contract shall be effective if inwriting,written in English,sent by registered airmail,or by telexor facsimile confirmed by a registered airmail letter,returnreceipt requested,addressed as follows;unless otherwise specifiedherein,notices shall be effective from the date of receipt of thetelex or facsimile or,in the event the telex or facsimile is notreceived,eight(8) days after the service of the registeredletter.

本合同所要求或允许的通知，应是用英文写就的书面通知，用航空挂号信寄出，或用电传或传真发出，随之以航空挂号信确认，并随附回执，寄到下列地址方能生效。除非合同另有规定，通知自收到电传或传真之日起生效，或者在未收到电传或传真的情况下，挂号信寄出后八（8）天生效。

Waiver不放弃权利

例Failure or delay on the part ofany of the Parties hereto to exercise a right under this Contractshall not operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single orpartial exercise of such a right preclude any other future exercisethereof.

如果一方未行使或延迟行使其在本合同项下的某项权利，不构成该方对此项权利的放弃，如果该方行使过某项权利或者部分行使某项权利，并不妨碍其在将来再次行使此项权利。

例Unless otherwise specifiedherein,failure or delay on the part of any party to exercise anyright,power or privilege under this Contract shall not operate as awaiver thereof,nor shall any single or partial exercise of anyright,power or privilege preclude any further exercisethereof.

除非本合同另有规定，任何一方未能或延迟行使本合同规定的任何权利、权力或特权，不得视为该方放弃该权利、权力或特权，单项或部分行使任何权利、权力或特权，亦不得排除其对该权利、权力或特权的进1步行使。

Assignability可转让性

例This Contract maynot be assigned in whole or in part by the Party without the priorwritten consent of the other Party hereto.

未经对方事先书面同意，任何一方不得部分或全部转让本合同。

Severability可分割性

例The invalidity ofany provision of this Contract shall not affect the validity of anyother provision of this Contract.

本合同某一条款的无效不影响本合同其他条款的效力。

例If any of the provisions ofthis Contract or any document executed in connection herewith ishereafter determined to be invalid,illegal or unenforceable in anyrespect under any applicable law,(i) the validity,legality andenforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way beaffected or impaired,and such remaining provisions shall remain infull force and effect;and(ii) the invalid,illegal or unenforceableprovision shall be replaced by a valid,legal and enforceableprovision that comes closest to expressing the true intent of suchinvalid,illegal or unenforceable provision.

如果本合同或涉及本合同而签署的任何文件中的任何条款，日后根据任何适用法律被认定在某方面是无效的、不合法的或不能强制执行的，（1）本合同或涉及本合同而签署的文件的其他条款的效力、合法性和可强制执行性刚不受任何影响或损害，并仍然具有完全的效力；（2）该等无效、不合法或不能强制执行的条款，应以有效、合法和能强制执行且最能表达上述无效、不合法或不能强制执行的条款本意的条款所取代。

Entire Agreement完整协议

例This Contract andthe Schedules and annexes hereto constitute the entire agreementbetween the Parties hereto with respect to the subject matter ofthis Contract and supersede all prior discussions, negotiations andagreements between them.

本合同及附录[和附件]构成双方就本合同标的达成的全部协议，并且取代双方之间此前就该标的进行的所有磋商、谈判以及达成的协议。

Schedules and Annexes附录以及附件

例The Schedules andAnnexes hereto are made an integral part of this Contract and areequally binding with the main body of the Contract. In the event ofany conflict between the terms and provisions of the main body ofthe Contract and the Schedules or Annexes, the terms and provisionsof the main body of this Contract shall prevail.

本合同的附录[以及附件]为本合同不可分割的部分，并且与本合同正文的条款具有同等效力。如果全合同正文的条款与附录[以及附件]的条款有冲突，以本合同正文条款为准。

Language文本

例 This Contract isexecuted in the Chinese language in two originals and in theEnglish language in two originals. Both language versions shall beequally authentic.

本合同中文正本2份，英文正本2份。2种文本具有同等效力。

例 This Contract isexecuted in Chinese in two(2) counterparts, and each party shallhold one copy.If necessary,it may be translated into otherlanauages. However, if there is any discrepancy between the Chineseversion and a version in any other language, the Chinese versionshall prevail.

本合同用中文签署，一式二（2）份，双方各持一份。如有必要，可译成其他文字。但是，本合同的中文文本和其他文本若存在不一致之处，则须以中文文本为准。

.Effectiveness生效
例This Contract shall take effect fromthe date of its execution by the duly authorized representatives ofthe parties.
本合同自各方正式授权的代表签署之日起生效。

signature 签署

例IN WITNESS WHEREOF,each of parties hereto has caused this Contract to be executed byits duly authorized representative on the date first set forthabove.

双方已于本合同首页所载日期通过其正式授权的代表签订本合同，以资证明。

.Headings标题

例The headings to thearticles hereof are for ease of reference only,and in no eventshall the substance of any paragraph or the intent of the partiesbe interpreted or controlled by such headings.

本合同条款标题仅为参考方便之用，不得用于解释或控制任何段落的实质内容或双方的意向。

三 : 英文合同的结构与条款

1.前言

一份标准英文合同通常可以分为前言（Preamble）、正文（Habendum）、附录（Schedule）及证明部分即结束词（Attestation）四大部分组成。

前言（Preamble）由“Parties”及“Recitals”两部分组成。

“Parties”为必备条款，在很多时候称为“commencement”即合同的开场白，主要介绍合同各方的名称或姓名、注册地及地址、邮编及在合同中的简称。当然，并不是所有的合同都要详细介绍以上诸要素，在许多简单合同中，只是提一下各方的名称。

I. 以下为“Parties”的常用表达方式：

1. This Agreement is entered into by and between __________and __________.
本协议由以下双方_______和_______ 签署。
注：如果涉及多方，between可用among替换。在常见的中文合同中，也有将其表示为：
甲方：__________
乙方：__________

2. This Agreement is entered into by and between __________(hereinafter referred to as "_____") and __________ (hereinafterreferred to as "_____"), whereby it is agreed asfollows:
本协议由以下双方_______（以下简称“_____”）和_______（以下简称“_____”）签署，达成如下协议：

注：在很多合同中，这部分加入签约书由，如：
This Agreement is entered into through friendlynegotiations between __________ Co.
(hereinafter referred to as the “Party A”) and __________ Co.(hereinafter referred to as the “Party B”) based on equality andmutual benefit to develop business on the terms and conditions setforth below:
本协议由__________（以下称为甲方）和__________（以下称为乙方）为发展业务在平等互利的基础上签订，其条款如下：

This Agreement is entered into between __________(hereinafter referred to as "Company"), and __________,(hereinafter referred to as "Employee") pursuant to paragraphVIII(2) of the Employee Handbook, whereby it is agreed asfollows:
本“协议”由____________（以下简称“公司”）与____________（以下简称“雇员”）根据“雇员手册”第VIII(2)款签署，“协议”内容如下：

II. 以下为标准的“Parties”条款：

3. This Agreement is made and entered into this _____th dayof _____ in the year of ___________ by and between ___________, acompany duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the lawsof __________, with its principal place of business at____________________ (hereinafter referred to as “_____”), and___________, a company duly organized and existing under and byvirtue of the laws of __________, with its principal place ofbusiness at ____________________ (hereinafter referred to as“_____”), whereby it is agreed as follows:
本合约由__________，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点在____________________（下称_____），与__________，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点____________________（下称代理人），于_____年_____月
_____日签订和缔结，协议如下：

III. “Recitals” 由数个以"Whereas"字样开头的句子所组合而成（这些句子俗称为“Whereas Clauses”），表示当事人乃是在基于对这些事实（例如订约的目的、背景来由等）的共同认识，订立此合约。

4. This Agreement is made and entered intothis _____ day of _____ in the year of ___________ by and between___________, a company duly organized and existing under and byvirtue of the laws of __________, with its principal place ofbusiness at ____________________ (hereinafter referred to as“_____”), and ___________, a company duly organized and existingunder and by virtue of the laws of __________, with its principalplace of business at ____________________ (hereinafterreferred
to as “_____”)
WITNESSED
WHEREAS, _____________________________________________,
WHEREAS, _____________________________________________, and
WHEREAS, _____________________________________________.
NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree asfollows:

本合约由__________，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点在____________________（下称_____）（或下称供应商），与__________，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点____________________（下称代理人），于_____年_____月_____日签订和缔结。
鉴于________________________________________________；
鉴于________________________________________________；
鉴于________________________________________________；
因此，双方当事人达成以下协议：

注：WITNESSED可以用WITHNESSTH、WITHNESSTH THAT等来代替。
IV. 在很多美国常用合同中，在很多情况下直接用RECITALS引导数个陈述语句或“Whereas Clauses”。下面为一个资产购买协议实例：
This ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") ismade and entered into as of May 19, 1997 by and among AAA, aDelaware corporation ("AAA"), BBB, a Delaware corporation andwholly-owned subsidiary of AAA ("Buyer"), CCC ("Summit"), and DDD,an Oregon corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Summit("Seller").

RECITALS

A. The Boards of Directors of each ofSummit, Seller, AAA and Buyer believe it is in the best interestsof each company and their respective security holders that Buyeracquire certain listed assets and assume certain listed liabilitiesof Seller (the "Acquisition").

B. On the date hereof, Buyer has executed a$2,000,000 irrevocable purchase order to purchase 400 time-basedlicenses for Summit's Visual HDL interfaces for Visual Test bench("VTB") software on AAA's standard form of purchase order, which ispayable within five (5) business days after the datehereof.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of thecovenants, promises and representations set forth herein, and forother good and valuable consideration, the parties agree asfollows:

2. 定义

在正文（Habendum）部分，通常第一章为定义（Definitions）部分。

定义条款即对合同中涉及的术语及名词作出限定、解释的条款。它可以散见于合同各个部分，但对于一些大型的、重要的合同，通常将其置于第一章。

I. 常见的定义语句常用mean, refer to, be construed as, include等来表达。如：

1. "Territory" means the United States of America.
“销售地区”是指美利坚合众国。

2. “Commencement date” shall mean the date of signing thisagreement by the last signing party hereto.
“协议生效日”是指本“协议”最后签字的一方签署本“协议”的日期。

3. The “agreement” herein referred to shall mean thisagreement of agency by entrustment.
“协议”在这里是指本委托代理协议。

4. “Code” shall refer to the current and applicableInternal Revenue Code.
“法”是指当前可用的国内税收法。

5. Reference to any statutory provision shall be construedas a reference to the same as it may have been, or may from timebe, amended, modified or re-enacted.
引用法律规定理解为引用其本身外，还包括其修订、修正或重新实施案。

6. "Expenses" include costs, charges and expenses of everydescription.
“费用”包括各种形式的金钱支出。

II. 还有一类特殊的定义语句，即对于「单、复数」及「阴、阳性」名词的范围定义。通常都是用include来表达：

1. "Stock Certificate" includes "stock certificate" and"stock certificates".
合同中的“股票”，包括单数与复数。

2. "He" includes "he" and "she".
合同中的“他”，包括“他”与“她”。

3. Words using the singular or plural number also includethe plural or singular number.
采用单数或复数的单词也包括复数或单数。

III. 定义语句中，有时需限定范围。而通常用得最多的是：“for the purpose of ”及“in relation to” 某概念的定义条款，如果适用范围仅限于合同的“特定部份”，可以用“for the purpose of”来为定义条款起头。而如果定义条款是针对合同的“特定概念”，就用“in relation to”来界定。如下例：

1. For the purpose of this Agreement, "Products" means alltypes of the machineries manufactured by Manufacturer as arespecified in Attachment A hereto.
本协议所称的“产品”，指制造人所制造如附件A表列之各式机器。

2. "Address" means－
(a) in relation to an individual, his usualresidential or business address; and
(b) in relation to a corporation, its registered or principaloffice in the Republic of China.
“地址”就自然人而言，指通常之居所或工作场所；就公司而言，指位于中华人民共和国之注册所在地或主营业所。

IV. 在定义条款中，在定义语句前有时会加上一些陈述语句来引导，如：

1. For the purpose of this Agreement, each of the followingterms shall have the following meaningrespectively:
就本合同的目的而言，下列各用语，分别具有下述意义：

2. In this Agreement, the following words or expressionsshall have the meanings given to them respectivelybelow:
本协议内所用词句的意义，明确阐述如下：

3. In this agreement unless the context otherwise requires,the following words and expressions shall have the meaningsassigned to them hereunder:
除非本“协议”有明确规定，下列词语应当具有如下规定之意义：

4. The following are the definitions of various terms usedin this Agreement:
本“协议”使用之术语定义如下：

3. 有效期

有效期(Term)条款通常规定合同的有效期限，何时生效及到何时结束，合同结束后必要时如何延展等等。

I. 以下为“Term”的常用表达方式：

1. The term of this contract is for a _____ (_____) yearperiod.
合同的有效期为_____年。
如：The term of this contract is for aone (1) year period.

2. The contract is for a _____ month period, commencing_________________.
合同的有效期为_____月，开始于____________________。（期限）
如：
a. The contract is for a 12 month period, commencingSeptember 17, 2002 thru September 16, 2003.
b. The contract is for a 6 month period, commencing 4-1-03 andending 9-30-2003.

3. This agreement remains valid for _____ year(s), i.e.commencing on ______, _____and terminating on ______,_____.
本协议在_____年之内有效，即从_____年_____月_____日起生效，_____年_____月_____日起到期。

4. The contract term is hereby extended for theperiod_______________.
合同的有效期为____________________。
如：The contract term is hereby extendedfor the period 7/01/02-6/30/03 in accordance with Section E,Paragraph 10, Term of Contract and ContractExtension.

II. Term条款除了规定合同的期限外，通常另外合同期限的延展“Extension”。

1. The contract period is for _____ year with option tore-new for _____ year.
合同有效期为_____年，同时可以选择延长_____年。

2. The contract is for a _____ month period, commencing_______________. The contract may be renewed for up to _____ yearoption periods.
合同的有效期为_____月，开始于_________________，同时可以选择延长_____年。

3. This agreement shall commence on the commencement dateand shall endure for a continuous period of _____ years. Thereafterit will be automatically renewed for successive periods of _____years on the same terms and conditions unless one of the partieshad given _____days notice of termination.
本协议应自生效日生效并在_____年内有效。此后，除非一方当事人提前_____天书面通知对方当事人终止本协议，本协议有效期自动延长_____年，协议条款不变。

III. Term条款并没有十分固定的表达方式，以下即是一些合同中Term的实例：

1. This Agreement shall be valid and remain in force for aperiod of three (3) years commencing from the date appearing firstabove written upon the signing of both Party A and Party B andshall be extended for another period of three (3) years on the sameterms and conditions unless either of the parties hereto gives theother party at least thirty (30) days prior written notice toterminate this Agreement
prior to the expiration of the originalterm.
本合约须从上面首次写明的甲方和乙方签订本约的日期起生效并保持效力三年，并将按同样条件延长三年，否则与约任何一方至少须在原定时间期满前三十天给予另一方提前终止本合约的书面通知。

2. At any time and from time to time during the periodcommencing on the date hereof and terminating on ______, 20___,party A may in writing advise party B.
自本协议签订之日起到______年______月协议终止这段期间内，甲方可随时以书面形式通知乙方。

3. The term of this Agreement shall be three years from theeffective date, unless terminated in accordance with Article VI-(3) and Article IX.
本合同的期限除非根据第8条第3款及第9条的规定终止外，有效期为3年。

4. The contract is valid from __________________ until____________________.
The contract period is automatically extended for any leave ofabsence allowed for in law.
合同的有效期为从___________到__________。

5. The term of this Agreement shall commence on the _____day of _____ , 200__, and end on the _____ day of _____, 200__.Upon expiration of the above initail term, this Agreement shallautomatically be renew and extended for a like period of timeunless terminated in writing by either party _____ days prior tothe date for such renewal.
本协议期限为200__年____月____日至200__年___月___日。除非续订日前_____天一方以书面方式提出终止，否则上述首期届满后，协议应自动续订，延长时间与前期相同。

4. 不可抗力

Force Majeure条款是一种免责条款，即免除由于不可抗力事件而违约的一方的违约责任。一般应规定的内容包括：不可抗力事件的定义（Definition of ForceMajeure）以及不可抗力事件的后果（Consequences of ForceMajeure）。在Force Majeure条款中，两者属于因果关系，难以截然分开。

I. 对于Force Majeure的定义，《合同法》定义如下：
本法所称不可抗力，是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。
For purposes of this Law, force majeure means anyobjective circumstance, which is unforeseeable, unavoidable andinsurmountable.

II. 以下是Force Majeure条款的举例：

1. Neither party shall be responsible for delays orfailures in performance resulting from acts or facts reasonablybeyond the control of that party.
任何一方不应对因其无法控制之行为或事实造成协议延迟履行或不履行承担任何责任。

2. Either Party shall not be liable for any delay caused byany unpredictable factor or any factor which is unavoidable orinsurmountable by reasonable means at the time of conclusion ofthis Agreement, or any loss caused by failure in fulfillment ofobligations as stipulated herein.
协议任一方无须对因任何在本协议签订时无法预见或以合理手段也无法避免或克服之原因造成的迟延或不履行本协议之义务所造成的损失承担责任。
注：以上采用的是类似《合同法》概括的定义方法。而合同为不可抗力定义时更多地采用列举的方法。

3. Neither party of this Agreement, directly or indirectlyowing to any causes or circumstances beyond its control, includingActs of God, Governmental orders or restriction, war, warlikeconditions, revolutions, strike, lockout, fire andflood.
本合同任何一方当事人对直接或间接地由于其无法控制的原因或情况包括自然灾害、政府命令或限制、战争、战争状态、革命、罢工、工厂被关闭、火灾、水灾等而未能履行或延迟履行合同或合同一部分的行为，不负任何责任。
注: Acts of God通常也译为“不可抗力”，但主要是指自然灾害；而Force Majeure则包括自然及人为两方面。

4. Neither party will be liable for nondelivery,misdelivery or late delivery (other than the payment of money duehereunder) caused by circumstances beyond its reasonable control,including, among others, war, civil strife or commotion, riots,strikes, fires, floods, acts of God, inability to obtain materials,failure of carriers or compliance with any law, regulation orgovernmental order.
任何当事人将不会为任何因为不可控制的情况产生的未交付货物、交付错误或延迟交货（除了支付应付款）。不可控制的情况包括战争、国内斗争或暴乱、骚乱、罢工、火灾、洪灾、自然灾害、无力获得材料、承运人的失误、遵守法律、法规或政府令。

5. Should either of the parties to the contract byprevented from executing the contract by force majeure, such asearthquake, typhoon, flood, fire and war and other unforeseenevents, and their happening and consequences are unpreventable andunavoidable, the prevented party shall notify the other party bycable without any delay, and within 15 days thereafter provide thedetailed information of the events and a valid document forevidence issued by the relevant public notary organization
for explaining the reason of its inability to execute or delay theexecution of all or part of the contract. Both parties shall,through consolations, decide whether to terminate the contract orto exempt the part of obligations for implementation of thecontract or whether to delay the execution of the contractaccording to the effects of the events on the performance of thecontract.
由于地震、台风、水灾、火灾、战争以及其它不能预见并且对其发生和后果不能防止或避免的不可抗力事件出现，致使直接影响合同的履行或者不能按约定的条件履行时，遇有上述不可抗力的一方，应立即电报通知对方，并应在十五天内，提供不可抗力详情及合同不能履行、或者部分不履行、或者需要延期履行的理由的有效证明文件。此项证明文件应由事故发生地有权证明的机构出具。按其对履行合同影响的程度，由双方协商决定是否解除合同，或者部分履行合同，或者延期履行合同。

6. Force majeure shall hereof consist of the followingevents:
Where such cases as war, earthquake, serious windstorms, snow, orfire or other events which no party can foresee and prevent fromhappening occur;
The related laws and regulations in collection with the executionof duties by any party to this Agreement undergo changes, underwhich this Agreement will be illegal or the transfer cannot befulfilled.
In event of the occurrence of the above-mentioned events, if anyparty (hereinafter referred to as the “Effected Party ”) has beendelayed or deterred from performing the duties of this Agreement inthe course of its execution, the Affected Party shall be free fromany liabilities for breach of the agreement and forcompensation.
In event of the force majeure, the affected party shall, within_____days from the date of the occurrence, notify the other partyof the impact of such events on the execution of the duties in thisAgreement, by telex, telegraph or in any other lawful written form,and simultaneously submit the relevant official credentialsconcerning the force majeure herein.
Should the effect of the force majeure cases last more than _____days, both parties shall consult each other about the alterationsof this Agreement; in case they fail to reach an agreement, Chapter8 shall thereupon apply.
下述事件构成不可抗力：
（1）发生战争、地震、严重的风灾、雪灾、火灾或其他各方无法预见、无法抗拒的事故。
（2）自本协议签订之日起与本协议任何一方履行本协议相关的法律、法规发生变更致使本协议非法或转让行为无法完成。
在发生本协议不可抗力事件之后，任何一方（以下简称受影响方）在履行本协议义务时受到拖延或不能履行时，受影响方不承担任何违约责任及赔偿责任。
在发生不可抗力事件时，受影响方应自不可抗力事件发生之日起_____天内以电传或电报或其他任何合理书面方式，通知另一方有关不可抗力的发生和不可抗力对其履行本协议的义务的影响，同时应呈交不可抗力的有关官方证明。
在不可抗力事件延续_____天后，双方必须磋商本协议的变更，双方未能协商一致的，适用本协议第八章的规定。

7. Force Majeure
(1) No party to this Contract shall be liable to the other partyfor any failure of or delay in performance of its obligationshereof nor be deemed to be in breach of this Contract, if suchfailure or delay has arisen from "force majeure."
(2) "Force Majeure" means circumstances and conditions beyond thecontrol of either parties, that would render it impossible foreither the Owner or the Contractor to fulfill their obligationsunder this Contract, or delay such fulfillment. Any of thefollowing matters are considered "force majeure."
a. war, hostilities, act of foreign enemy, invasion, warlikeopera-tions (whether war to be declared or not) or civil war;
b. mutiny, civil commotion assuming the proportions of or amountingto a popular rising, military rising, insurrection, rebellion,revolution, military or usurped power, or any actof any person acting on behalf of or in connection with anyorganization with activities directed towards the overthrow byforce of the Government de jure or de facto, or to the influencingof it by terrorism or violence;
c. earthquake, flood, fire or other natural physicaldisaster;
d. denial of the use of all ports, airports, shipping services orother means of public transport;
e. strike or lock out or other industrial concerted action byworkers, affecting the fulfillment of Contractor's andsubcontractors' obligations;
f. and other unforeseen circumstances beyond the control of theparties so affected rendering the fulfillment of their obligationsimpossible.
(3) If either party to this Contract is prevented or delayed fromor in performing any of his obligations under this Contract byforce majeure, then he may notify the other party of thecircumstances constituting the force majeure and of the obligationperformance of which is thereby delayed or prevented and the partygiving the notice shall thereupon be excused from the performanceor punctual performance, as the case may be, of such obligation forso long as the circumstances of prevention or delay maycontinue.
(4) If by virtue of the preceding sub-clause dither party shall beexcused from the performance or punctual performance of anyobligation for a continuous period of ________ months, then eitherparty may at any time thereafter terminate this Contract by givinga written notice to the other party.
不可抗力
(1) 如果任何一方因不可抗力而款能履行或推迟履行其义务，则不对另一方负责，也不应视作违反合同。
(2) “不可抗力”指业主或承包商无法控制的情况，使当事人未能按本合同履行其义务，或者不得不延迟履行其义务。下列情况均被视作“不可抗力”：
a. 战争、敌对事件、外敌行动、入侵、类似战争的军事行动（不管是事宣战）、内战；
b. 士兵哗变、民众暴乱、军事叛乱、起义、造反、革命、篡权、或者任何个人代表某个组织或与某个组织有联系、旨在以暴力推翻合法或现存政府、或以恐怖主义或暴力对政府施加影响的行为；
c. 地震、洪水、火灾或其他自然灾害；
d. 所有港口、机场、船运或其他公共交通工具的使用均遭拒绝；
e. 工人罢工、工厂停工、或其他的劳工联合行动，影响了承包商和分包商履行其义务；
f. 当事人无法控制、从而使其不能履行义务的其他任何意外情况。
(3) 如果本合同任何一方因不可抗力不能或延迟履行本合同规定的任何义务，他可将不可抗力和由此造成的延迟或妨碍情况通知另一方。发出通知的一方允许根据具体情况及妨碍或延迟持续的时间免于履行或推迟履行合同。
(4) 根据本第款第3分条规定，如果任何一方免于履行或推迟履行其义务的时间持续了________个月，那么任何一方都可随时向另一方发出书面通知，终止本合同。

5. 修改

合同修订 (Modification)条款为合同常用条款.主要规定了合同修订的方式与途径。例如：书面合同，只能以书面方式进行修订，口头修订内容无效。

I. Modification条款通常较为简单，以下为一些常用比较简约的表达方式：

1. The contract can be amended only after the amendment isagreed upon by both parties.
只有经双方一致同意，合同方可变更。

2. This Agreement may be amended only by a writteninstrument signed by duly authorized representatives of bothparties.
本合同只有经双方当事人授权的代表正式签署的书面文件，方可修改。

3. This Agreement may not be amended or modified except bywritten instrument signed
by each of the Parties hereto.
除非经本协议当事人签署的书面通知，否则本协议书不得作出任何修改和变更。

4. Any alterations or amendments of this Agreement shall besubject to agreement through consultation between both parties inwriting.
本协议的任何变更或修改，应由本协议双方协商一致，并以书面方式进行。

5. This Agreement shall not be modified or amended exceptby a written instrument, signed by the partieshereto.
除非双方当事人共同签署书面文件，否则本“协议”不得修改或修订。

6. Any modification, amendment or waiver of any of theprovisions of this Agreement must otherwise be made in writing andduly signed by the parties hereto.
对本“协议”任何规定的任何变更、修改或免责必须另以书面形式作出，并经各方正式签字。

7. During the period of validity of the agreement, eitherparty shall be entitled to make proposal of amendment to theagreement and the agreement amended shall go into effect with thesignature of the two parties.
在协议的有效期内，任何一方都有权提出对协议进行修改，修改后的协议经过双方签署后才能够生效。

II. 在实际运用中，由于内容环境不同，表达可能有所不同，以下为一些实例：

1. If the loan contract affiliated to this Contract has tobe abridged, amended, or revised, both parties shall negotiate toamend and revise this Contract in line with the provisions of theloan contract.
本股权质押项下的贷款合同如有修改、补充而影响本质押合同时，双方应协商修改、补充本质押合同，使其与股权质押项下贷款合同规定相一致。

2. If this Contract shall be abridged, revised, or amendedon account of force majeure, the responsibilities assumed by theParty A under this Contract shall not be exempted or reduced, andthe rights and interests of the Party B under this Contract shallnot been affected or infringed.
如因不可抗力原因致本合同须作一定删节、修改、补充时，应不免除或减少甲方在本合同中所承担的责任，不影响或侵犯乙方在本合同项下的权益。

3. The amendment of the contract or other appendices shallcome into force only after the written agreement signed by Party Aand Party B and approved by the original examination and approvalauthority.
对本合同及其附件的修改必须经甲、乙双方签署书面协议，并报原审批机构批准，方可生效。

4. This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by bothParties. Unless otherwise expressly agreed to in such amendment,all terms and conditions of this Agreement shall apply to any suchaddition and all rights granted to Licensee under this Agreementshall terminate as to any such deletion.
本协议可由「双方」书面签署予以修改。除在此种修改中另行明确同意外，本协议所有的条款和条件须适用于任何此类修改中所做的添加，而所有根据本协议而给予「被许可人」的权利对于任何此类修改中的删除事项而言将终止。

6. 补偿

损害赔偿（indemnification）条款，是减少合同风险的一个重要条款。该条款主要约定在第三者对合同提出权利主张时，另一缔约方应当对此承担责任。通常情况下，另一缔约方必须支付全部的防御性诉讼费用，以及全部的支付给第三者的和解费用或者第三者胜诉后造成的所有损失。
实际上，本条款是将第三人造成的风险从合同的一方当事人转移给另一方当事人。
其次，本条款也可以约定合同的另一缔约方有其他不当的作为时，应当进行损害赔偿。
I．Indemnification 条款常用“indemnify and hold harmlessfrom……”来表达：
1. Party A agrees to indemnify and hold Party Bharmless from any claim or demand,
including reasonable attorneys' fees, made by any third party dueto or arising out
of ______________________________.
甲方同意对乙方因______________________________造成的损失作出赔偿及保证乙方不招致任何第三方索偿或索求，包括合理的律师费用。

应用实例：
Party A agrees to indemnify and hold Party Bharmless from any claim or demand, including reasonable attorneys'fees, made by any third party due to or arising out of Party A'suse of the Site, the violation of this Agreement by Party A, or theinfringement by Party A, or other user of the Site using Party A'slogin name and password, of any intellectual property or otherright of any person or entity.
甲方同意对乙方因甲方使用网站、或甲方违反本协议、或因甲方或其它使用甲方之登记名称及密码而使用网站的使用者，侵犯任何知识产权或任何其它人士或单位的其它权利所造成的损失作出赔偿及保证乙方不招致任何索偿或索求，包括合理的律师费用。

2. Party A shall indemnify and hold party B and each ofparty B officers, directors, stockholders, employees and agentsharmless against, and in respect of, any damage, loss, liability,cost or expense, including attorneys, fees, resulting or arisingfrom or incurred in connection with this Agreement and thetransactions contemplated hereby, except such as may result fromwillful malfeasance if party B or such officer, director,stockholder, employee of agent, as the case maybe.
甲方应当赔偿乙方及其每个职员、董事、股东、雇员及其代理人因此协议引起或与此协议以后的交易相关事项而产生的损害、损失、责任、开支或费用，包括律师费用，但因乙方或其职员、董事、股东、雇员或代理人有意的过失而引起的损失除外。

3. Each party will defend, indemnify and hold the otherharmless from and against all actions, proceedings, claims,demands, suits, losses, damages and expenses, including reasonableattorneys fees and costs reasonably incurred in defending anyproceedings in which the damages sustained arose from a failure ofthe other party to meet its obligations under this agreement. In noevent will either party be liable to the other in connection withthis agreement for special, incidental, indirect or consequentialor punitive damages regardless of whether either or both partiesknew of the possibility of such damages.
一方当事人将使另一方当事人免于承担诉讼、索赔、请求、损害赔偿金及费用，包括为以下诉讼辩护而发生的合理的律师费：因另一方当事人未根据本协议履行其义务而导致损害赔偿的诉讼。
不管一方当事人或双方当事人是否知道特殊损害赔偿、附带损害赔偿、间接损害赔偿、后果性损害赔偿、惩罚性损害赔偿发生的可能性，一方当事人均不会为另一方当事人承担上述损害赔偿。

4. Contractor agrees to protect, defend, indemnify and holdharmless company, its parent, subsidiaries and affiliatedcompanies, and its and their employees, subcontractors and its andtheir insurers from and against any claim, demand, cause of action,loss, expense award, obligation to indemnify another, judgment orliability on account of illness, injury or death to the employeesof contractor and contractor’s subcontractors and/or damage to orloss or destruction of the property of contractor arising directlyor indirectly out of the performance of this contract regardless ofomissions or negligence, in whole or in any part, ofcompany.
承包商同意保护、辩护、赔偿和保证公司、其上级公司、下属公司和关联公司、及其雇员、次承包商和其保险公司不承担在履行本合同过程中，不论公司是否存在部分或全部的不作为或疏忽的责任，直接或间接所导致的承包商和次承包商的雇员生病、受伤或死亡以及承包商的财产所遭受的毁损灭失相关的任何诉求、要求、诉因、损失、费用、对他方的赔偿义务、判决或赔偿责任。

II．Indemnification 条款还有多种表达方式，但并不固定。
1. Notwithstanding any of indemnities andliabilities specifically referred to above, neither company orcontractor shall be liable to the other with respect to anyconsequential loss including, but not limited to, loss ofanticipated profit, loss of anticipated revenue, loss ofanticipated production, loss of product, or loss of use of money,arising or alleged to arise out of either company’s or contractor’sfailure to property carry out its obligations hereunder or due toomissions or negligence, in whole or any part, of the part atfault, its subcontractors or vendors or the un-seaworthiness ofvessel, or strict liability, and regardless of whether pre-existingthe execution of the agreement.
除上列特别述及的赔偿和责任外，公司或承包商相互间不承担任何间接损失，包括但不限于预计的利润损失、预计的收益损失、预计的生产损失、产品损失、无法使用金钱的损失，由于或认为系因公司或承包商未能正确地履行本合同的义务或由于该违约系由于其次承包商或供应商(买方)或船舶不适航或严格责任和不论是否存在依以前协议履行原因，所导致的部分或全部的不作为或疏忽所造成的损失。

2. All remedies specified herein or otherwise availableshall be cumulative and in addition to any and every other remedyprovided hereunder or now or hereafter available at law or inequity. No waiver or failure to act with respect to any breach ordefault hereunder, whether or not the other party has noticethereof, shall be deemed to be a waiver with respect to anysubsequent breach or default, whether of similar or differentnature.
依据法律或衡平法，本“协议”所述的赔偿或其它可得的赔偿应当是累积的，并在本“协议”中规定的赔偿之外，或在现在或此后可得的赔偿之外。无论对方当事人通知与否，任何与违反协议或不履行协议有关的弃权不得视为与任何后来的违反协议或不履行协议有关的弃权，无论是否性质相同或不同。

III．在大型合同中，Indemnification 条款往往非常复杂，以下即为。

Indemnification

(a) Each party shall indemnify and holdharmless the other party, its shareholders, directors, officers,employees, agents, designees and assignees, or any of them, fromand against all losses, damages, liabilities, expenses, costs,claims, suits, demands, actions, causes of actions, proceedings,judgments, assessments, deficiencies and charges collectively,"Damages") caused by, relating to or arising from the performanceby such party in accordance with this Contract of its
obligations hereunder, and Buyer shall also indemnify Seller,without limiting the foregoing, for any such item caused by,relating to or arising from (a) the programming services which areauthorized for viewing sing the System, including any assertionthat any such programming service involves copyright infringement,(b) any disputes between Buyer and any of its program distributorsor other distributors or affiliates, (c) any disputes or claimsinvolving the subscribers for Buyer's programming services, or (d)any assertion that Buyer has been involved in, that Buyer's conductof subscription involves, or that Buyer's use of the Systeminvolves, any unfair competition or violations of laws, rules orregulations.

(b) In the event of a third-party claim,with respect to which a party’s entitled to indemnificationhereunder, a party (the "Indemnified Party") shall notify the otherparty (the "Indemnifying Party") in writing s soon as practicable,but in no event later than ______ days after receipt of suchclaims. The Indemnified Party's failure to provide such noticedshall not preclude it from seeking indemnification hereunder unlesssuch failure has materially prejudiced the Indemnifying Party'sability to defend such claim. The Indemnifying Party shall promptlydefend such claim with counsel of its own choosing) and theIndemnified Party shall cooperate with the Indemnifying Party inthe defense of such claim, including the settlement of the matteron the basis stipulated by the indemnifying Party (with theIndemnifying Party being responsible for all costs and expenses ofsuch settlement).

If the Indemnifying Party within areasonable time after notice of a claim fails to defend theIndemnified party, the Indemnified Party shall be entitled toundertake the defense, compromise or settlement of such claim atthe expense of the Indemnifying arty. Upon the assumption of thedefense of such claim, the Indemnifying arty may settle, compromiseor defend as it sees fit. Notwithstanding anything to the contraryset forth in this Section, seller will defend anysuit, claim, action or proceeding brought againstbuyers to the extent that such suit, claim, action or proceeding isbased on a claim that goods manufactured and sold by Seller toBuyer infringe patent, copyright, mask work, trademark, tradesecret or any other intellectual property rights of any third partyand Seller shall pay all damages and costs awarded by finaljudgment (from which no appeal may be taken) against Buyer, as wellas its actual expenses and costs, on condition that Seller (i) ispromptly informed and furnished a copy of ach communication, noticeor other action relating to the alleged infringement, (ii) is givensole control of the defense (including the right to selectcounsel), and the sole right to compromise and settle such suit orproceeding; provided however, that Seller's liability hereunder, ifany, shall be strictly and solely limited to the amount ofroyalties which would be payable in respect of revenues derived bySeller from Buyer from sales of the infringing goods. Seller shallnot be obligated to defend or be liable for costs and damages ifthe infringement arises out if a combination with,anaddition to, or modification of the goods after delivery by Seller,or from use of the goods, or any part thereof, in the practice of aprocess.
If any goods manufactured and supplied by Seller to Buyer are heldto infringe any valid patent and Buyer is enjoined from using thesame, or if seller believes such infringement is likely, Sellerwill exert all reasonable efforts at its option and expense (i) toprocure for Buyer the right to use such goods free of any liabilityfor such infringement, or (ii) replace or modify such goods with anoninfringing substitute otherwise complying substantially with allthe requirements of this contract, or (iii) upon return of thegoods, refund the purchase price and the transportation costs ofsuch goods (less reasonable allowance for their use and benefitderived therefrom for the period of time from delivery to Buyer,such allowance being based on a straight-line depreciation periodof _______ years from the date of shipment by Seller). If theinfringement is alleged prior to completion of delivery of thegoods, Seller has the right to decline to make further shipmentswithout being in breach of contract. If Seller has not beenenjoined from selling such goods to Buyer, Seller may (at Seller'ssole election), at Buyer's request, supply such goods to Buyer, inwhich event Buyer shall be deemed to extend to Seller the samepatent indemnity hereinabove stated. The same patent indemnityshall be deemed to be extended to Seller by buyer if any suit orproceeding is brought against Seller based on a claim that thegoods manufactured by Seller in compliance with Buyer'sspecifications infringe any valid patent. Buyer shall promptlynotify Seller of any infringement by a third party of intellectualproperty rights licensed to Buyer under this contract. In the eventthat a third party infringes such intellectual property rights, theParties shall cooperate with one another to take appropriate actionto cause such infringement to cease. The foregoing states the soleand exclusive liability of the parties hereto for infringement ofpatents, copyrights, mask works, trade secrets trademarks, andother proprietary rights, whether direct or contributory, and is inlieu of all warranties, express, implied or statutory, in regardhereto, including, without limitation, the warranty againstinfringement specified in the uniform commercialcode.

补偿
(ａ)每方应就其按本合同规定履行其本合同项下义务所导致的、与其有关的或由其引发的一切损失、损害、责任、支出、费用、索赔、诉讼、要求、诉讼行为、诉因、程序、判决、估定税额、欠额以及收费(合称“损害”)补偿另一方、另一方的股东、董事、管理人员、雇员、代理、被指定人、受让人或其中任何一人，使之不受损害，并且在不对上文所述予以限制的条件下，买方还应就下述各项所导致的、与其有关的或由其引发的上述任何事项补偿卖方：(略)。
(ｂ)如果第三方提出一方按本合同规定有权获得补偿的索赔请求，一方(“受补偿方”)应在实际可能的情况下尽早通知另一方(“补偿方”)，但无论如何不得迟于在收到该等请求后的第_______日。受补偿方未给予该通知并不排除其按本合同规定寻求补偿，除非未给予该通知补偿方抗辩该索赔请求的能力受到实质影响。补偿方(与其自行选择的律师一起)应及时对该索赔请求进行抗辩，而受补偿方应在对该索赔请求进行抗辩时与补偿方合作，包括按照补偿方规定的原则就该事项达成和解(补偿方承担该和解的一切费用与支出)。如果补偿方收到索赔通知后为受补偿方辩护，则受补偿方应有权对该索赔进行抗辩、妥协或和解，费用由补偿方承担。在承担对该等索赔请求的辩护后，补偿方可进行和解、妥协或抗辩，由其酌处。
无论本条有何相反的规定，如果发生对买方的诉讼、索赔、诉讼行为或程序是基于以下主张，即卖方制造并销售给买方的物品侵犯了任何第三方的_______国专利、版权、掩模、商标、商业秘密或其他任何知识产权，则卖方将就该诉讼、索赔、诉讼行为或程序为买方辩护，并将支付局判决(不能再上诉的)判定由买方承担的损害赔偿与费用，以及买方实际的支出与费用，上述规定的条件是：(1)卖方被及时告知侵权指控的发生，并得到与该侵权指控有关的每一通讯、通知或其他诉讼文书的副本，(2)得到该辩护的独家控制权(包括选择律师的权利)，以及就诉讼或程序进行妥协或者和解的独家权利；但是，卖方在本合同项下的责任(如果有的话)，应严格地并且仅仅限于卖方因买方销售侵权物品而应从买方获得的特许权使用费收入金额。如果侵权是由卖方交货后有人将物品混合、添加或改造而引起，或者由实施某一方法时使用物品(或其何部分)而引起，则卖方无义务进行辩护，亦无承担费用或损害赔偿的责任。
如果卖方制造并向买方提供的任何物品被判定侵犯有效的_______国专利，且卖方被禁止使用该专利，或者如果卖方相信很可能发生侵权，卖方将尽一切合理的努力，自费从以下措施中作出选择：(1)为买方取得使用该等物品而不产生侵权责任的权利，或(2)以在其他方面实质符合本合同所有规定的非侵权替代品来代替或改造该等物品，或(3)在该等物品被返还后，退还该等物品的购买价以及运费(扣除向买方交货至退还期间使用该等物品并从中获得利益的折扣金额，该折扣金额按从卖方装运之日起_______年直线式折旧来计算)。如果交货完成前发生权指控，卖方有权拒绝进一步装运，而不构成违约。如果卖方还没有被禁止向买方销售该等物品，应买方请求，卖方可以(仅由卖方酌定)向买方供应该等物品，在此情况下，买方应被视为向卖方做出与本合同上文所述相同的专利补偿保证。
如果有人指称卖方按照买方规格制造的物品侵犯了有效的_______国专利，并以此为根据向卖方提起诉讼或程序，则买方应被视为已向卖方做出同样的专利补偿保证。
买方应将第三方侵犯本合同项下许可给买方的知识产权及时通知卖方。如果第三方侵犯该等知识产权，双方应互相合作，采取适当的行动制止该侵权行为。
上文规定了本合同双方就专利、版权、掩模、商业秘密、商标以及其他专有权利的侵权(无论是直接的还是协从的)所承担的唯一责任，并且取代就其所做出的所有保证(明示的、暗示的或法定的)，包括(但不限于)＿＿＿＿＿中规定的不侵权保证。

四 : 合同条款 英文

商务谈判成功后，双方签合同是必须的。而合同条款有哪些有哪些要求呢?

1.We are satisfied with the terms of this contract for the most part, but we feel that your terms of payment are too severe.

我们对该合同大部分条款感到满意，但是你们的付款条款太刻苛

2.We would like to have another discussion of these conditions in the afternoon before there are finally included in the contract.

在合同最终签订之前，我们想在下午就这些条款进行其它的讨论

3. Before signing the contract this afternoon, I think we better go over few final details.

在今天下午签订合同之前，我想们最好重温一下最后的细节

4.We’d better draw up a rough draft to the contract then talk it over in detail at our next meeting.

我们最好先就合同拟定一个草案，在下次会议中我们再确定细节

5.This is a copy of our specimen contract in which the general sales terms and conditions are contained.

这是我们一份包括一般销售条款和条件的合同样本

6.We hope that you won’t object to our inserting such a clause in the agreement.

我们希望你们不介意在协议中加入这一条款

7.If any other clause in this contract is in conflict with the supplementary conditions the supplementary conditions should be taken as final and binding.

若合同中任一条款与附加条款冲突，则附属条款为最终裁决并对双方有约束力

8.We think it is necessary to include a force majeure clause in this contract.

我们认为合同中加入不可抗力条款很有必要

9. After studying your draft contract we found it necessary to make a few changes.

研究过贵司起草的合同，我们发现有必要做一些修改

10.Since both of us are in agreement on all the terms shall we sign the contract now?

既然我们双方均同意所有条款，那我们现在就签合同?

11.We think your draw contract needs some modification.

我们认为贵司起草的合同需做一些修改。

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12.Any modification alteration to the contract shall be made with the consent of both parties.

合同的任何更改变更均应得到双方许可才行

.

不经双方同意，合同不能做任何更改

14.We must make it clear in the contract that you are obliged to complete the delivery of the good within the contractual time of

shipment.

我们必须确认你方必须在合同装运期内完成货物装运

15.If the shipment can not be made within three month as stipulated, the contract will become void.

如果不能在规定的三个月内出货，则合同视为无效

1.This agreement is made both in Chinese and English. The two versions of agreement

shall have equal status in law.

这份协议为中英文模本，两种语言的协议应在法律上同等效力

2.This agreement is drawn up separately in Chinese and in English. Each part hold one original and one duplicate of each language. The two languages are of the same effect.

该协议分别用中文和英文拟定，每一方各执每一语言正副本各一份，两种语言法律效力相同

3. Both versions of this contract are equally authentic.

这份合同的译本同等可信

4. Any amendment of the contract shall come to force only after the written agreement is signed by both of us.

合同的任何修改需我们双方书面同意，

5.The contract shall become effective as soon as it signed by both parties.

合同经双方签字后生效

6.This agreement will remain valid for one year and shall become effective on the date of signing.

协议自签字之日起一年期有效

7.We’d like to make the contract to be valid for two year at the beginning .

我们要使合同从开始到两年有效

8.I think we better make some changes in the wording of this sentence.

我认为我们最好在这句上做些文字修改

9.Isn’t it better to word it in this way?

用这种方式概括岂不是更好

10.I’d like to replace this phrase with “after the date of delivery”.

我想用“自交付之日起”替换该句

11.If neither party considers it is necessary to extend the contract the proposing party may take the initiative to conduct negotiation with the other party one month prior to its expiration.

如果两方都认为没有必要在合同到期时续约，那么有意向的一方可以主动在到期之前一个月向另一方提出续约商议

12.In case of breach of any of the provisions of this agreement by one party, the other party shall have the right to terminate this agreement by giving notice in writing to its opposite

party.

一旦一方违背了既定的协议，另一方有权终止该协议并书面通知反对方

13.If you fail to make the delivery ten weeks later than the time of shipment stipulated in the contract, we shall have the right to cancel the contract.

如果你们在合同规定时期迟于10周交货，我们有权取消合同

14.If both parties do not agree to renew the contract at its expiration, it will automatically become void.

如果双方在合同到期时不再更新，则合同自动失效

15.If you want to terminate the contract before its terms is up, you should notify us of its cancellation six month before.

如果你们想在合同到期时终止合同，应在终止前6个月通知我方

合同条款 英文

本文标题：合同生效条款英文-英文合同的生效日和有效期条款
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