一 : 站长紧抓一个关键词难逃一木难支的命运
对于每个网站来说都有一个核心的关键词，但如果你每天只盯着这一个关键词不放，那么，你的网站是难以发展起来的，并且就算起初有一定的起色，但也经不起时间的考验，最终还是难逃一木难支的命运，至于为什么，相信稍微懂点的站长都心知肚明了吧，但尽管这样，还是有很多的站长每天把大量的时间跟精力就只放在这一个关键词上，总觉得，如果自己的核心关键词都没有排名，那其他的也就没指望了，事实真的是这样吗?下面A5站长网SEO诊断(www.seozhenduan.com )优化团队就来和大家谈谈：
其实对于网站要做长尾关键词，才能发展壮大起来，这是很多站长都十分清楚的事，但有时往往还是不甘心自己的核心关键词没排名，在起初建立网站时就给自己设好了目标，要把某个关键词做到百度首页，又乞会轻易的放弃呢?还有的是因为对一个关键词已经投入了太多的时间跟精力，如果你要它中间放下去做其他的词，他会不甘心，内心深处总有个声音在告诉自己再稍微坚持一下就好了，或许明天就能看到自己网站的关键词排到百度首页了，于是，在希望与失望中挣扎，放弃与坚持中纠结。
A5站长网SEO诊断团队在此刻并不觉得坚持做一个自己根本就无法做上去的词是值得佩服的，反而会觉得有点傻，虽然，站长界中都在说坚持就是胜利，这当然也没错，是在激励大家不要轻言放弃自己的努力，但也不是针对所有的情况都适合的，所以，最终，你是坚持还是要放弃，这是要根据情况来做选择的，在观察整个业界的竞争力及竞争对手情况的时候，还要根据自己的实力，自己的网站有没有优势，优势在哪?能否在短时间把一个几年的老网站给打败，这些都是要考虑的。
如果竞争对手的网站都是一些做了几年老站，有上成上万篇的内容，外链资源又非常庞大，有几十万的外链，你一个新站指什么超过它呢?或许你会说，勤能补拙，自己每天多辛苦点，多更新下网站内容，多发些外链，但你在做，别人也在做，别说，他跟你一要再做了，就算他停止一断时间不做，你短时间内也是赶不上的啊，老网站拥有的不仅仅是外链跟内容的优势，同样也有很高的权重，有那么多的外链跟内容，又加上域名的优势，网站又怎么会没有权重呢?它能够排在前面，自然是有它的优势的，这个你不用怀疑。
当然，这里并不是说要我们站长知难而退，而是希望站长们不要死盯着一个关键词，把目标定死而已，可以多尝试一下做些其他竞争稍微小点的关键词也未尝不可，如果你能够在短时间内把一些长尾关键词排名提上去，那也要比你死盯着一个核心关键词却没任何排名的好了，鱼还是多撒点好，这样才能保证自己的利益，如果只养一条鱼，那这条鱼万一不幸死了怎么办呢?所以，为了保险起见，就多养几条，备用。
其实，做站就跟生活中的遇到的事情是一样的，千万不要一颗树上吊死了，否则，事后，你会后悔莫及的了，无论什么时候，我们都应该做个有心人，做好两手准备，千万不能因为一个关键词排名，而让整个网站前进不了，本文由贵州旅游网http://www.gzlx.com投稿。
二 : 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
Apparatus
/ ??p??re?t?s; US -?rt?s; ??p?ˋr?t?s/ n [U, C] (rare pl ~es 复数作apparatuses, 罕用) [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of apparare 'to prepare', from ad- 'to' + parare 'to prepare']
(a) set of instruments, etc used esp in scientific experiments 仪器; 设备; 装置: laboratory apparatus 实验室设备. (b) equipment used for doing sth, esp in gymnastics 器械（尤指体操的）: The vaulting horse is a difficult piece of apparatus to master. 鞍马是很难掌握的器械. * Firemen needed breathing apparatus to enter the burning house. 消防队员需用呼吸器械才能进入燃烧着的房屋. =>Usage at 用法见 machine.
complex structure of an organization 机构; 机关; 组织: the whole apparatus of government 整个政府机构.
system of bodily organs 器官: the respiratory apparatus 呼吸器官. Appease
/ ??pi?z; ?ˋpiz/ v [Tn] make (sb/sth) quiet or calm, usu by making concessions or by satisfying demands 使（某人[某事物]）安静或平息（通常为作出让步或满足要求）: appease sb's anger/hunger/curiosity 平息某人的怒气[
使某人充饥/满足某人的好奇心].
> appeasement n [U] act or policy of appeasing, esp by making concessions to a possible enemy in order to avoid war 平息的行动或政策（尤指为避免战争而对潜在的敌人作出让步）; 安抚; 姑息; 绥靖.
Appetent
Appliance / ??pla??ns; ?ˋpla??ns/ n
instrument or device for a specific purpose 工具; 用具; 器具; 器械: a kitchen full of electrical appliances, eg a washing-machine, dish washer, liquidizer, etc 有各种电器用具的厨房（如洗衣机﹑ 洗碗机﹑） Apportion / ??p???n; ?ˋp?r??n/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (among/to sb) give sth as a share; allot sth 分配某事物; 分派某事物: I don't wish to apportion blame among you/to any of you. 我不愿意怪罪你们大家[你们任何人]. * He apportioned the members of the team their various tasks. 他已把各项任务分配给队员们. Cf 参看 v. > apportionment n [U].
Apposite / ??p?z?t; ˋ?p?z?t/[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of apponere 'to put near', from ad- 'to' + ponere 'to put'] adj ~ (to sth) (of a remark, etc) very appropriate (for a purpose or an occasion)（指言辞等）适当的, 合适的, 恰当的 : an apposite comment, illustration, example, etc 恰当的评论﹑ 说明﹑ 例子等 * I found his speech wholly apposite to the current debate. 我认为他的讲话对当前的辩论是恰到好处的. > appositely adv. appositeness n [U].
Apprehend ?/?pr??hend; ??pr?ˋh?nd/ v [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: apprehendere 'to take hold of', from
ad- 'to' + prehendere 'to seize']
[Tn] (fml 文) seize (sb); arrest 逮捕; 拘押: The thief was apprehended (by the police) in the act of stealing a car. 窃贼在偷汽车时当场被（警察）抓住.
[Tn, Tf] (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) grasp the meaning of (sb/sth); understand 领悟; 理解: Do I apprehend you aright, ie Do you mean
what I think you mean
Apprentice / ??prent?s; ?ˋpr?nt?s/ n [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: aprentis, from aprendre 'to learn', from Latin apprehendere; APPREHEND]
person who has agreed to work for a skilled employer for a fixed period in return for being taught his trade or craft 学徒; 徒弟: [attrib 作定语] an apprentice plumber 见习铅管工人.
beginner or novice 生手; 新手.
> apprentice v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) make sb work as an apprentice (for sb) 使某人（给某人）当学徒.
apprenticeship / -t???p; -t????p/ n (time of) being an apprentice 学徒身分（的期限）: serve an/one's apprenticeship with a carpenter 跟木匠当学徒.
Approximate / ??pr?ks?m?t; ?ˋprɑks?m?t/ [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Late Latin; Origin: , past participle of approximare 'to come near to', from Latin ad- 'to' + proximare 'to come near']
adj almost correct or exact but not completely so 近乎正确或精确的; 大约的; 大概的: an approximate price, figure, amount, etc 大约的价格﹑ 数字﹑ 数量等 * What is the approximate size of this room? 这间屋子大概有多大? > approximately adv: It cost approximately 300 I can't remember exactly. 价钱大约是300英镑--我记不清了.
approximate 2
/ ??pr?ks?me?t; ?ˋprɑks??met/ v [Ipr] ~ to sth be almost the same as sth 与某事物几乎相同; 接近: Your story approximates to the facts we already know. 你所说的与我们已经了解的事实很接近.
> approximation / ??pr?ks??me??n; ??prɑks?ˋme??n/ n
[C] amount or estimate that is not exactly right but nearly so 近乎准确的量或估计; 近似值: 3000 students each year would be an approximation. 每年3000名学生, 这是个大约的数字.
[U] process of being or getting near (in number, quality, etc) 概算; 近似法.
Aquatic
/ ??kwt?k; ?ˋkw?t?k/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]
(of plants, animals, etc) growing or living in or near water （指植物﹑ 动物等）生长於水中或水边的, 水生的: Many forms of aquatic life inhabit ponds. 有很多种水生动植物均栖居於池塘.
(of sports) taking place on or in water （指运动）水上的, 水中的: Swimming and water-skiing are both aquatic sports. 游泳和滑水都是水上运动.
Arcane/ɑ??ke?n; ɑrˋken/ [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: arcanus 'secret', from arca; ARK] adj secret; mysterious 秘密的; 神秘的: arcane rituals, ceremonies, customs, etc 秘密的仪式﹑ 典礼﹑习俗等.
Ardent / ?ɑ?dnt; ˋɑrdnt/[ Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin, present participle of ardere 'to burn'] adj full of ardour; enthusiastic 热心的; 热情的: an ardent supporter of the local football team 本地足球队的球迷 * ardent in her admiration of the artist 她对那位艺术家的倾慕. > ardently adv.
Aristocrat / ??r?st?kr?t; US ??r?st-; ?ˋr?st??kr?t/ n member of the aristocracy; nobleman or noblewoman 贵族的成员; 贵族. Cf 参看 .
> aristocratic / ??r?st??kr?t?k; US ??r?st?-; ??r?st?ˋkr?t?k/ adj belonging to or typical of the aristocracy 贵族的; 贵族统治的; 有贵族气派的: an aristocratic name, family, bearing, life-style 贵族的名字﹑ 家庭﹑ 仪态﹑ 生活方式. aristocratically / -kl?; -kl?/ adv. Armistice / ?ɑ?m?st?s; ˋɑrm?st?s/ [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: Modern Latin armistitium, from Latin arma ( ARM1) + -stitium (as in solstitium; SOLSTICE)] n agreement during a war to stop fighting for a certain time; truce 休战; 停战; 休战条约; 停战条约.
# `Armistice Day (US `Veterans' Day) 11 November, the anniversary of the armistice that ended fighting in World War I （第一次世界大战的）停战纪念日（11月11日）. Cf 参看 Remembrance Sunday
Arrant
/ ??r?nt; ˋ?r?nt/ [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: errant]used to emphasize how bad something is. adj [attrib 作定语] (of a bad person or thing) to the highest degree; utter （指坏人或坏事）绝顶的, 十足的, 完全的: an arrant fool, hypocrite, liar, rogue, etc 十足的傻瓜﹑ 伪君子﹑ 说谎者﹑ 流氓等 * He's talking arrant nonsense. 他完全胡说八道.
Arrogate / ??r?ge?t; ˋ?r??ɡet/ v [Tn.pr] (fml 文) Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of arrogare, from Latin ad- 'to' + rogare 'to ask'] ~ sth to oneself claim or take sth to which one has no right 冒称; 妄取: arrogating all the credit to himself 把一切功劳都归於他自己.
~ sth to sb say unjustly that sb thinks or acts wrongly 不公平地说某人错: arrogate evil motives to a rival 硬说对手居心不良. Articulate 1 / ɑ??t?kjul?t; ɑrˋt?kj?l?t/ adj [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of articulare 'to divide into joints, speak clearly', from articulus; ARTICLE]
(of a person) able to express one's ideas clearly in words （指人）能用词语把意思表达清楚的: She's unusually articulate for a ten-year-old. 对一个十岁的孩子来说, 她异乎寻常地能说会道.
(of speech) clearly pronounced （指讲话）发音清晰的.
having joints 有关节的. > articulately adv. articulateness n [U].
Artifice / ?ɑ?t?f?s; ˋɑrt?f?s/ Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: Latin artificium, from artifex 'skilled worker', from ars ( ART1) + facere 'to make'] n [C, U] (instance of) clever trickery; deception 诡计; 欺骗: Pretending to faint was merely (an) artifice. 假装昏迷只不过是个诡计.
Ascribe / ??skra?b; ?ˋskra?b/ [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: ascrivre, from Latin ascribere, from ad- 'to' + scribere 'to write'] v [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth consider sth to be caused by, written by or belonging to sb/sth 认为某事物是由某人[某事物]所造成或写成; 归功於﹑ 归咎於某人[某事物]: He ascribed his failure to bad luck. 他把失败归咎於运气不好. * This play is usually ascribed to Shakespeare. 这个剧本一般认为是莎士比亚所作. * You can't ascribe the same meaning to both words. 不要认为这两个词的意思是相同的.
> ascribable adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth that can be ascribed to sb/sth 可归於﹑ 起因於某人[某事物]: His success is ascribable simply to hard work. 他的成功就是由於勤奋.
Asperity / ??sper?t?; ?sˋp?r?t?/ n (fml 文) [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: aspreté, from aspre 'rough']
[U] harshness or severity, esp of manner 粗暴, 粗鲁（尤指态度﹑ 举止）: reply with asperity 粗鲁地回答.
[C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (instance of) very cold or severe weather 严寒的天气: suffer the asperities of winter near the North Pole 遭受近北极严冬之苦.
Assert /??s??t; ?ˋs?t/ v [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of asserere, from ad- 'to' + serere 'to join'] 1.[Tn] (a) make others recognize (sth) by behaving firmly and confidently 坚定而有信心地使别人认识到（某事物）; 坚持: assert one's authority, independence, rights 坚持自己的权威性﹑ 独立性﹑ 权利. (b) ~ oneself behave in a confident manner that attracts attention and respect 表现出自信而受到注意和尊重: You're too timid you must try to assert yourself more. 你太畏缩了--要尽量增强自信心.
[Tn, Tf] state (sth) clearly and forcefully as the truth 清楚而有力地表明（某事物）为事实; 声称; 断言: She asserted her
innocence/that she was innocent. 她坚称自己很清白[她是无辜的].
Authentic / ???θent?k; ?ˋθ?nt?k/
adj [ Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: autentique, from Late Latin, from Greek authentikos, from authentes
'person who did a particular thing']
known to be true or genuine 真实的; 真正的: an authentic document, signature, painting 正式文件﹑ 亲笔签字﹑ 原作绘画. trustworthy; reliable 可信的; 可靠的: an authentic statement 可靠的陈述.
>authentically / -kl?; -kl?/ adv. authenticity / ???θen?t?s?t?; ??θ?nˋt?s?t?/ n [U] quality of being authentic 真实性; 可靠性
; 确实性: The authenticity of the manuscript is beyond doubt. 手稿的真实性是毋庸置疑的.
Authoritative / ???θ?r?
t?t?v; US -te?t?v; ?ˋθɑr??tet?v/ adj
having authority; that can be trusted; reliable 有权力的; 有权威的; 可相信的; 可靠的: information from an authoritative source 来自权威方面的消息.
given with authority; official 权威的; 官方的; 当局的: authoritative instructions, orders, etc 官方的指示﹑ 命令等. showing or seeming to show authority 显示权力的; 好像显示权威的: an authoritative tone of voice 权威式的口吻. > authoritatively adv.
Avowed /??vaud/ adjective
[only before noun] (formal) that has been admitted or stated in public: an avowed anti-communist ◆ an avowed aim / intention / objective / purpose
avowedly adverb
Banish / ?b?n??; ˋb?n??/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French;
Origin: banir]
~ sb (from sth) send sb away, esp out of the country, as a punishment 放逐某人（尤指驱逐出境, 作为惩罚）:
He was banished (from his homeland) for life. 他被终生流放（他乡）.
~ sth (from sth) drive (thoughts, etc) out (of the mind) （自心中）排除（想法等）: banish fear 消除恐惧 * She banished all thoughts of a restful holiday (from her mind). 她（从心里）打消了过一个宁静假日的 想法.
> banishment n [U] state or process of being banished 流放: lifelong banishment 终身流放。
Barbarous / ?bɑ?b?r?s; ˋbɑrb?r?s/ adj (derog 贬) [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: barbarus, from Greek barbaros 'foreign']
unrefined in taste, habits, etc （趣味﹑ 习惯等）粗俗的: barbarous sounds 粗声粗气.
cruel or savage 残忍的; 残暴的: barbarous cruelty, treatment 残暴的行为﹑ 对待 * barbarous soldiers 残暴的士兵. > barbarously adv. barbarousness n [U].
Bedazzle
Belabor/ belabour BrE belabor AmE /b??le?b? US -?r/ v [T]
belabour the point
formal to keep emphasizing a fact or idea in a way that is annoying
old-fashioned to hit someone or something hard
Bereave/ b??ri?v; b?ˋriv/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sb) (fml 文) deprive sb (esp of a relative) by death 使某人丧失（尤指亲属）: an accident which bereaved him of his wife and child 使他丧失妻儿的事故 * the bereaved husband, ie the man whose wife had died 死了妻子的男人.
> the bereaved n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (fml 文) person who is bereaved 丧失亲人的人: The bereaved is/are still in mourning. 丧亲者仍在带孝.
bereavement n
[U] state of being bereaved 丧失亲人; 丧亲之痛: We all sympathize with you in your bereavement. 我们对你丧亲之痛表示同情.
[C] instance of this 亲人丧亡: She was absent because of a recent bereavement. 她因最近丧亲而缺席.
Biannual/ ba???nju?l; ba?ˋ?nj??l/ adj occurring twice a year 一年发生两次的: a biannual meeting 一年举行两次的会议. > biannually adv.
Blasphemous /?bl?sf?mi/ n plural blasphemies [U and C]
something you say or do that is insulting to God or people's religious beliefs
>blasphemous adj
The book has been widely condemned as blasphemous.
>blasphemously adv
Blemish / ?blem??; ˋbl?m??/ n
mark or stain that spoils the beauty or perfection of sb/sth （有损於人或事物的美观或完美的）污点或痕迹;
瑕疵: a blemish on a pear, carpet, table-cloth 梨上的烂斑﹑ 地毯上的污垢﹑ 桌布上的污点 * She has a blemish above her right eye. 她右眼上方有一个疤. (fig 比喻) defect, fault or flaw 缺点; 过错; 毛病: His character/reputation is without (a) blemish. 他在品德[名誉]上毫无瑕疵. > blemish v [Tn] spoil the beauty or perfection of (sb/sth); flaw; mar 有损於（某人[某事物]）美观或完美; 玷污; 损伤: a blemished peach 有烂斑的桃子 * The pianist's performance was blemished by several wrong notes. 钢琴家的演奏由於弹错了几个音符而使人感到美中不足.
Blithe /bla?e; blɑ?e/ [Language: Old English;] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] happy and carefree; casual 快乐无忧的; 漫不经心的: a blithe lack of concern 漠不关心 * a blithe spirit, ie a happy person 快乐的人. > blithely adv in a blithe manner 快活地; 无忧无虑地; 漫不经心地: He was blithely unaware of the trouble he had caused. 他对他所造成的麻烦毫无所知, 无忧无虑
Boggle /
?b?gl; ˋbɑɡl/ v [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Perhaps from bogle; BOGEY]
[I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (infml 口) hesitate (at sth) in alarm or amazement （对某事物）（因惊慌或惊奇）犹豫不决: He boggled at the thought of swimming in winter. 他想到要在冬天游泳就有些犹豫.
(idm 习语) the mind/imagination `boggles (at sth) (infml 口) one can hardly accept or imagine (an idea, a suggestion, etc) （对某一想法﹑ 建议等）难以接受或难以想像: My neighbour wears his dressing-gown to work. The mind boggles! 我的邻居穿着晨衣去上班. 真不可思议! boggle sb's/the `mind (US infml 口) amaze or shock sb 使某人惊奇或吃惊: It boggles my mind! 这使我大吃一惊! Cf 参看 mind-boggling(mind1).
Bombastic /b?m?b?st?k US bɑ?m-/ adj
[Date: 1700-1800; Origin: bombast 'bombastic language' (16-21 centuries), from Old French, bombace 'soft material for filling something', from Medieval Latin bombax 'cotton']
bombastic language contains long words that sound important but have no real meaning
He is best known for three rather bombastic poems.
>bombast /?b?mb?st US ?bɑ?m-/ n [U]
Boost / bu?st; bust/ v [Tn] increase the strength or value of (sth); help or encourage (sb/sth) 增强（某事物）的力量; 提高（某事物）的价值; 帮助; 鼓励; 促进（某人[某事物]）: boost an electric current 增强电流 * boost imports, share prices, the dollar, etc 增加进口﹑ 提高股票价格﹑ 提高美元汇价 * boost production 促进生产 * The unexpected win boosted the team's morale. 意外的胜利鼓舞了全队的士气.
> boost n increase; help; encouragement 增加; 帮助; 鼓励: a boost in sales, exports, etc 销售﹑ 出口等的增长 * give the economy, the pound, etc a boost 使经济﹑ 英镑等有起色 * give sb's confidence a boost 增强某人的信心.
booster n
thing that boosts 令人鼓舞的事物: a morale booster, ie sth that makes one feel more confident 精神鼓舞.
device for increasing power or voltage 增强动力或电压的装置.
(also `booster rocket) rocket used to give initial speed to a missile or spacecraft 助推火箭（给予导弹或航天器以初速度的）. dose or injection (of a medicine or drug) that increases the effect of an earlier one 辅助药剂, 增效药剂（用以加强前次药剂效力的）.
Boycott / ?b??k?t; ˋb???kɑt/ [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Charles Boycott (1832-97), English official in Ireland who refused to reduce rents, so the local people refused to do any business with him] v [Tn] (a) (usu of a group of people) refuse to have social or commercial relations with (a person, company, country, etc) （通常指一群人）拒绝与（某人﹑ 公司﹑ 国家等）交往或通商. (b) refuse to handle or buy (goods); refuse to take part in (eg a meeting) 拒绝处理或购买（货物）; 拒绝参加（如会议）; 抵制: boycotting foreign imports 抵制外国货物进口 * Athletes from several countries boycotted the Olympic Games. 有好几国的运动员抵制奥林匹克运动会.
> boycott n refusal to deal or trade with (a person, country, etc); refusal to handle (goods) （对与某人﹑ 某国等交往或贸易的）抵制; （对处理货物的）抵制: place/put sth under a boycott 对某事物实行抵制
Brutal / ?bru?tl; ˋbrutl/ adj cruel; savage; merciless 残忍的; 野蛮的; 冷酷无情的: a brutal tyrant, dictator, murderer, etc 残忍的暴君﹑ 独裁者﹑ 谋杀犯等 * a brutal attack, murder, punishment 野蛮的进攻﹑ 谋杀﹑ 惩罚.
> brutality / bru??t?l?t?; bruˋt?l?t?/ n
[U] brutal behaviour; cruelty; savagery 野蛮的行为; 残忍; 野蛮.
[C] brutal act 暴行: the brutalities of war 战争的暴行.
brutalize, -ise v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sb) brutal or insensitive 使（某人）变得残酷无情: soldiers brutalized by a long war 因长期战争而变得残忍的士兵.
brutally / ?bru?t?l?; ˋbrutl?/ adv.
Callous / ?k?l?s; ˋk?l?s/ adj [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: calleux, from Latin callosus, from callus; CALLUS]
cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷无情的; 无同情心的: a callous person, attitude, act 冷酷无情的人﹑ 态度﹑ 行为. (of the skin) hardened, eg by rough work （指皮肤）硬化的, 起茧子的（如因做粗重活儿所致）.
> calloused adj (of the skin) hardened; having calluses （指皮肤）硬化的, 有茧子的: calloused hands 有茧子的手.
callously adv in a callous(1) way 冷酷无情地; 无同情心地.
callousness n [U] callous(1) behaviour 冷酷无情; 无同情心的行为.
Captious / ?k?p??s; ˋk?p??s/ adj (fml 文) fond of criticizingor raising objections about unimportant matters; quibbling 好吹毛求疵的; 好挑剔的. > captiously adv. captiousness n [U].
Captive / ?k?pt?v; ˋk?pt?v/ adj [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: captivus, from captus, past participle of capere 'to take']
[esp attrib 尤作定语] held as a prisoner; unable to escape 被俘虏的; 逃不掉的: a captive bird 被捕获的鸟.
(idm 习语) hold/take sb `captive/`prisoner keep or take sb as a prisoner 囚禁或俘虏某人: They were held captive by masked gunmen. 他们被蒙面的持枪歹徒劫持了.
> captive n captive person or animal 被捉住的人或动物: Three of the captives tried to escape. 捉住的有三个企图逃走.
captivity / k?p?t?v?t?; k?pˋt?v?t?/ n [U] state of being captive 被俘; 被捕; 囚禁: He was held in captivity for three years. 他被囚禁三年. * Wild animals don't breed well in captivity. 圈着的动物繁殖不好.
# captive `audience audience with little or no freedom to go away and therefore easily persuaded to listen or watch 被动听众, 被动观众（无法轻易离开者, 故易受诱导）: Television advertisers can exploit a captive audience. 电视广告商能利用被动观众. captive bal`loon balloon held to the ground by a cable 系留气球（用绳索系在地面上的）.
Celibate /?sel?b?t; ˋs?l?b?t/ adj [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Latin; Origin: caelibatus, from caelebs 'unmarried'] remaining unmarried, esp for religious reasons 不结婚的（尤指为宗教原因）.
not having sexual relations 没有性关系的.
> celibacy / ?sel?b?s?; ˋs?l?b?s?/ n [U] (state of) living unmarried, esp for religious reasons 独身生活（的状况）（尤指为宗教原因）:
Catholic priests take a vow of celibacy.天主教神父发誓不结婚. celibate n unmarried person; person not having sexual relations 独身者; 没有性关系的人.
Circuitous / s??kju??t?s; s?ˋkju?t?s/ adj (fml 文) long and indirect; roundabout 迂回的; 绕行的: a circuitous route 迂回的路线. > circuitously adv Clinquant
Commemorate / k??mem?re?t; k?ˋm?m??ret/ [
Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of commemorare, from com- ( COM-) + memorare 'to remind of']
v [Tn] (a) keep (a great person, event, etc) in people's memories 纪念（伟人﹑ 大事件等）: We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday. 我们放假一日以庆祝国庆. (b) (of a statue, monument, etc) be a reminder of (sb/sth) （指雕像﹑ 纪念碑等）作为对（某人[某事物]）的纪念: This memorial commemorates those who died in the war. 这座纪念碑是纪念战争中牺牲者的.
> commemoration / k??mem??re??n; k??m?m?ˋre??n/ n [C, U] (act of or ceremony
for) commemorating 纪念; 庆祝; 纪念仪式: a statue in commemoration of a national hero
纪念民族英雄的雕像.
commemorative / k??mem?r?t?v; US -?mem?re?t-; k?ˋm?m?ret?v/ adj helping to commemorate （有助於）纪念的: commemorative stamps, medals, etc 纪念邮票﹑ 奖章等.
Comprehensive / ?k?mpr??hens?v; ?kɑmpr?ˋh?ns?v/ adj that includes (nearly) everything （几乎）包罗万象的; 全面的: a comprehensive description, account, report, etc 全面的描述﹑ 叙述﹑ 报道等 * She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她已全面掌握了这一学科. (Brit) (of education) for pupils of all abilities in the same school （指教育）（具有不同能力的学生）同在一校的, 综合的.
> comprehensive n (Brit infml 口) comprehensiveschool 综合学校.
comprehensively adv: Our football team was comprehensively (ie thoroughly) defeated. 我们已经彻底失败了.
comprehensiveness n [U].
# ,comprehensive in`surance insurance on motor vehicles that covers most risks, including fire, theft, damage and risks to the driver and others 综合保险（机动车辆的多种保险, 包括火险﹑ 盗窃险﹑ 毁坏险和司机及第三者事故保险等）.
compre`hensive school (Brit) large secondary school at which children of all abilities are taught 综合中学（招收具有不同能力的学生的大型中学）.
Compulsive / k?m?p?ls?v; k?mˋp?ls?v/ adj
extremely interesting; fascinating 极有趣的; 令人着迷的: a compulsive novel about politics有关政治的有趣的小说.
(a) caused by an obsession 因着迷而引起的; 强迫性的; 强制性的; 上瘾的: compulsive gambling, eating, etc 上瘾的赌博﹑ 强迫性进食等. (b) (of people) forced to do sth by an obsession （指人）因着迷而被迫做的, 强迫性的: a compulsive eater, TV viewer, gambler 对食物﹑ 电视﹑ 赌博着迷的人 * He's a compulsive liar, ie He lies repeatedly. 他说谎成性. > compulsively adv: a compulsively readable book 引人入胜﹑ 非读不可的书.
Conformity
1.behaviour that obeys the accepted rules of society or a group, and is the same as that of most other people
an emphasis on conformity and control conformity to social expectations
in conformity with sth conformity to
formal in a way that obeys rules, customs etc
We must act in conformity with local regulations
Conjecture / k?n?d?ekt??(r); k?nˋd??kt??/ [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: conjectura, from conicere 'to throw together', from com- ( COM-) + jacere 'to throw'] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (about sth) (fml 文) form (and express) an opinion not based on firm evidence; guess 推测; 猜测: It was just as I had conjectured. 这正如我所猜测的. * Don't conjecture about the outcome. 不要对结果妄加猜测. * What made you conjecture that? 是什麽促使你推测出这样的结论?
> conjecture
n
[C] guess 猜测; 推测: I was right in my conjectures. 我所猜测的都应验了.
[U] guessing 猜测; 推测: What the real cause was is open to conjecture. 真正的原因是什麽尽可任凭猜测. * Your theory is pure conjecture. 你的理论纯粹是主观臆测. conjectural/ k?n?d?ekt??r?l; k?nˋd??kt??r?l/ adj based on conjecture 推测的; 猜测的. Consent / k?n?sent; k?nˋs?nt/ v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (to sth) give agreement or permission 同意; 允许: She made the proposal, and I readily consented (to it). 她提出了这个建议, 我欣然同意. * She won't consent to him staying out late/to his staying out late. 她不允许他呆在外面太晚. * They finally consented (ie agreed) to go with us. 他们终於同意了和我们一块走. * sex between consenting adults, ie who both agree to it 成年人之间两相情愿的性行为.
> consent n [U]
~ (to sth) agreement; permission 同意; 允许: Her parents refused their consent to the marriage. 她的父母不答应这门婚事. * He gave his consent for the project to get under way. 他同意将这个计划付诸实施. * She was chosen as leader by common consent, ie Everyone agreed to the choice. 她是经一致同意而当选为领导人的. * Silence implies consent, ie One is assumed to agree if one remains silent. 沉默意味着同意.
(idm 习语) with one consent (arch 古) unanimously 一致同意地.
Constrain / k?n?stre?n; k?nˋstren/ [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: constraindre, from Latin constringere 'to constrict, constrain', from com- ( COM-) + stringere 'to pull tight']
v [Tn, Cn.t] (fml 文) make (sb) do sth by strong (moral) persuasion or by force 力劝, 强迫（某人）做某事: As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained (ie restricted) by the same rules of social conduct as other people. 他认为自己是艺术家, 不必像一般人那样要受社会行为准则的束缚. * I feel constrained to write (ie I feel I must write) and complain in the strongest possible terms. 我深感责无旁贷, 必须笔诛墨伐.
> constrained adj (of voice, manner, etc) forced; uneasy; unnatural （指声音﹑ 态度等）勉强的, 受拘束的, 不自然的. constrainedly / -?dl?; -?dl?/ adv
Consultative / k?n?s?lt?t?v; k?nˋs?lt?t?v/ adj of or for consulting; advisory 谘询的; 供谘询的; 顾问的: a consultative committee, document, etc 谘询委员会﹑ 文件等.
Continuous /k?n?t?nju?s; k?nˋt?nj??s/ [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: continuus, from continere; CONTAIN] adj going on without stopping or being interrupted 继续不停的; 不间断的: Is this a continuous flight, or do we stop off anywhere? 我们是不着陆的连续飞行呢, 还是要在中途的什麽地方停一停? * Our political institutions are in continuous evolution. 我们的政治制度正在不断发展中. * A continuous belt feeds components into the machine. 无极带把零件送入机器里. * continuous assessment, ie evaluation of a student's progress throughout a course of study (instead of by examination alone) 连续性评定（对学生在整个学习过程中所取得的进步的评价, 用以代替单独的考试）. =>Usage at continual 用法见continual. > continuously adv.
# con`tinuous tense (also progressive tense) (grammar) phrase consisting of part of be and a verb ending in -ing which expresses an action that continues over a period of time, as in `I am/was writing', `They are/were singing' 进行时态（由be的一种形式和以-ing结尾的动词构成的词组, 表示持续一段时间的动作, 如: `I am/was writing', `They are/were singing'
Correlate / ?k?r?le?t; US ?k??r-; ˋk?r??let/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (with sth); ~ A and/with B have a mutual relation or connection, esp of affecting or depending on each other; (try to) show such a relation or connection between sth and sth else 相关或相互关联; （尤指）相互影响或相互依存; （试图）显示某事物与他事物的上述关系或联系: The results of this experiment do not correlate with the results of earlier ones. 这次试验的结果与以往试验的结果毫不相干. * Researchers cannot correlate the two sets of figures. 研究者们看不出这两组数字有什麽联系. * We can often correlate age with frequency of illness. 年龄的大小往往与发病率有关.
> correlation / ?k?r??le??n; US ?k??r-; ?k?r?ˋle??n/ n [sing, U] ~ (with sth); ~ (between A and B) mutual relationship 相互的关系: the correlation between sb's height and weight 身高与体重之间的关系.
correlative / k??rel?t?v; k?ˋr?l?t?v/ adj having or showing a relation to sth else 相关的; 显示相互关系的: `Either' and `or' are correlative
conjunctions. either和or是关联连词.
Countenance / ?kaunt?n?ns; ˋka?nt?n?ns/ n (fml 文) [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old
French; Origin: contenance 'behavior', from Latin continentia 'holding back from doing what you want, continence', from continere; CONTAIN]
[C] (expression on sb's) face 面孔
; 面容; 面部表情: a woman with a fierce countenance/of fierce countenance 面目凶恶的女子.
[U] support; approval 支持; 赞成; 批准: I would not give/lend countenance to such a plan. 我不赞同这样的计划.
(idm 习语) keep one's `countenance (fml 文) maintain one's composure, esp by not laughing 保持沉稳（尤指忍住不笑）. put/stare sb out of `countenance (dated 旧) make sb feel embarrassed or at fault by staring at him 盯得某人发慌或不知所措. countenance 2
/ ?kaunt?n?ns; ˋka?nt?n?ns/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] (fml 文) support or approve (sth) 支持, 赞成, 批准（某事物）: countenance a fraud 怂恿诈骗 * How could you countenance such behaviour? 你怎麽能纵容这种行为? * They would never countenance lying. 他们对说谎的行为决不姑息.
Counterpart / ?kaunt?pɑ?t; ˋka?nt??pɑrt/ n person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as sb or sth else 相对应或具有相同功能的人或物: The sales director phoned her counterpart in the other firm, ie the other firm's sales director.
销售部的女经理给另一家公司的销售部经理打了电话.
Crave / kre?v; krev/ v
[Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth have a strong desire for sth 渴望; 渴求某事物: I was craving for a drink. 我非常想喝一点. * giving her the admiration she craves
给予她渴望得到的赞赏.
[Tn] (arch 古) ask for (sth) earnestly; beg for 恳求（某事物）; 祈求: crave sb's mercy/forgiveness/indulgence 恳求某人宽恕[原谅/赦免].
> craving n ~(for sth) strong desire 强烈的愿望: a craving for food 想吃东西的强烈愿望.
Creditable / ?kred?t?bl; ˋkr?d?
t?bl/ adj ~ (to sb) deserving praise (although perhaps not outstandingly good); bringing credit1(2) 值得赞扬的（虽然可能并非特别好）; 带来荣誉的: a creditable attempt, performance, etc 值得赞扬的努力﹑ 表现等
* creditable work, progress, etc 应予肯定的工作﹑ 进步等 * conduct that is very creditable to him 给他带来极好声誉的行为. > creditably / ?kred?t?bl?; ˋkr?d?t?bl?/ adv: She performed very creditably in the exam. 她考得好极 Crooked / ?kruk?d; ˋkr?k?d/ adj (-er, -est)
not straight or level; twisted, bent or curved 歪的; 扭曲的; 弯曲的: a crooked lane, branch, table 弯曲的小巷﹑ 树枝; 歪斜的桌子 * a crooked smile, ie in which the mouth slopes down at one side 歪斜着嘴的一笑 * You've got your hat on crooked. 你把帽子戴歪了. (infml 口) (of people or actions) dishonest; illegal （指人或行为）不老实的, 不正当的: a crooked businessman, deal 奸商﹑ 非法经营. > crookedly adv. crookedness n [U].
Crude /kru?d; krud/ adj (-r, -st) [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: crudus 'raw, rough, cruel']
[usu attrib 通常作定语] in the natural state; unrefined 天然的; 未提炼的: crude oil, sugar, ore, etc 原油﹑ 粗糖﹑ 原矿.
(a) not well finished; not completely worked out; rough 粗陋的; 未完成的; 粗糙的: a crude sketch, method, approximation 粗略的草图﹑ 方法﹑ 估计 * His paintings are rather crude, ie not skilfully done. 他画的画还不够成熟. * I made my own crude garden furniture. 我给我那园子做了一套简陋的家具. (b) not showing taste or refinement; coarse 粗俗的; 粗鲁的: crude manners 粗鲁的举止 * He made some crude (ie sexually offensive) jokes. 他说了一些粗俗的（淫秽的）笑话.
> crudely adv: crudely assembled 粗略地汇集起来的 * express oneself crudely 粗略地说说自己的看法.
crudity / ?kru?d?t?; ˋkrud?t?/ n [U]
1 state or quality of being crude (2a) 粗陋; 粗糙; 欠成熟: the crudity of his drawing 他画的画不够成熟.
2 crude(2b) behaviour, remarks, etc 粗俗或粗鲁的行为﹑ 词语等: I'd never met such crudity before. 我从未见过这样粗鲁的行径.
Dandy / ?d?nd?; ˋd?nd?/ [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Perhaps from Dandy, a form of the name Andrew] n man who cares too much about the smartness of his clothes and his appearance 过分注意衣着和外表的男人; 花花公子.
> dandified / ?d?nd?fa?d; ˋd?nd??fa?d/ adj like or typical of a dandy 像花花公子的: dandified clothes 像花花公子穿的衣服.
dandy 2 / ?d?nd?; ˋd?nd?/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp US) very good; excellent 极好的; 优秀的: all fine and dandy 非常好 * That's just dandy! 那太好了!
Decent / ?di?snt; ˋdisnt/ adj [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: décent, from Latin decens, the present participle of decere 'to be suitable']
(a) proper; acceptable 适当的; 可接受的: We must provide decent housing for the poor. 我们必须为穷苦人提供适当的住房. * The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备. * He's done the decent thing and resigned. 他做了件体面的事, 辞职了. (b) not likely to shock or embarrass others; modest 不致使别人吃惊或难堪的; 适度的; 得体的: That dress isn't decent. 那件连衣裙不够体面. * (infml 口) Are you decent? ie Are you properly dressed? 你的穿戴得体吗? * Never tell stories that are not decent, ie that are obscene. 切勿讲不雅的故事. Cf 参看 .
satisfactory; quite good 令人满意的; 相当好的: earn a decent wage, living, etc 赚可观的工资﹑ 生活费等 * That was quite a decent lunch. 那顿午餐相当不错. * They're a decent firm to work for, ie They treat their employees well. 在那家公司工作挺不错. * He's a thoroughly decent (ie honourable) man. 他是个极为正直的人.
> decently adv in a decent(1, 2) manner 合适地; 适度地; 体面地: decently dressed 衣着体面的 * behave decently 规规矩矩地行事. Defalcate [di:'f?l?keit]
vi. 挪用公款
vt. <古>扣除, 缩减
Derive / d??ra?v; d?ˋra?v/ v [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: dériver, from Latin derivare 'to draw out water', from rivus 'stream']
[Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth (fml 文) obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth 得到; 获取: derive great pleasure from one's studies 从学习中获得极大乐趣 * She derived no benefit from the course of drugs. 她用药经此疗程後并无好转.
(a) [Ipr] ~ from sth have sth as a starting-point, source or origin; originate from sth 源自; 源於: Thousands of English words derive from Latin. 英语中有成千上万的词源自拉丁文. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth trace sth from (a source) 对某事物追本穷源: We can derive the word `derelict' from the Latin `derelictus'. derelict这一词的起源可以追溯到拉丁文的derelict
Detach / d??t?t?; d?ˋt?t?/ v [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: détacher, from Old French destachier, from atachier 'to attach']
[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) unfasten sth from sth; disconnect sth 将某物拆下; 拆开某物; 分开某物: detach a link from a chain 从链子上拆下一个链环 * a coach detached from a train 从火车上脱离的一节车厢. Cf 参看 1.
[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (military 军) send (a group of soldiers, ships, etc) away from the main force, esp to do special duties 派遣, 分遣（兵员﹑ 船舰等）（尤指执行特殊任务）: A number of men were detached to guard the right flank. 派遣了一些士兵守卫右翼.
> detached adj
1 (a) not influenced by others; impartial 不受他人影响的; 不偏不倚的; 公正的: a detached mind, assessment, judgement, etc 不偏不倚的见解﹑ 评价﹑ 判断等 * take a detached view of sth 对某事物采取公正的观点. (b) not feeling emotional or involved 不动感情的; 冷静的; 客观的; 超然的: her detached response to the crisis 她对这危机的客观的反应.
2 (of a house) not joined to another on either side （指房子）两边不与其他房子相连的, 独立的. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.
detachable / -?bl; -?bl/ adj that can be detached 可拆开的; 可分离的; 可分遣的: a detachable lining in a coat 大衣的活衬里. Detain / d??te?n; d?ˋten/ v [Tn] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: detenir, from Latin detinere, from
tenere 'to hold']
prevent (sb) from leaving or doing sth; delay 阻止（某人）离开或做某事; 耽搁; 延误: She was detained in the office by unexpected callers. 有些临时访客把她耽搁在办公室里了. * This question need not detain us long, ie can be settled quickly. 这个问题不必耽搁我们很长时间.
keep (sb) in custody; lock up 拘留（某人）; 扣押: The police detained him for questioning. 警方对他进行拘留审问.
> detainee / ?di?te??ni?; di?teˋni/ n person who is detained (by police, etc, eg sb suspected of a violent crime, terrorism, etc) 被拘留者. Diminish / d??m?n??; d?ˋm?n??/ v [I, Tn] [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: diminue (14-16 centuries), from Old French diminuer, from Latin minuere 'to make less']
(cause sth to) become smaller or less; decrease 变小; 变少; 使（某事物）变小; 使（某事物）变少; 缩小; 减少; 降低: His strength has diminished over the years. 经过这许多年月, 他的体力不如从前了. * Nothing could diminish her enthusiasm for the project. 什麽也不能影响她对这项计划的热忱. * diminishing hopes, supplies, funds 逐渐渺茫的希望﹑ 渐渐用完的物资﹑ 渐渐枯竭的资金. (fig 比喻) make (sb/sth) seem less important than it really is; devalue 减低（某人[某事物]的重要性; 贬低: The opposition are trying to diminish our achievements. 反对党企图贬低我们的成就.
(music 音) decrease (an interval) by a semitone 将（音程）减半音: a diminished seventh 减七度.
# di,minished responsi`bility (law 律) state of mind in which an accused person cannot be held fully responsible for a crime 减轻的刑事责任（被告因精神失常不能对其罪行完全负责）.
Diplomatic / ?d?pl??m?t?k; ?d?pl?ˋm?t?k/ adj [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: diplomatique, from Latin diploma; DIPLOMA]
of diplomacy(1) 外交的: settle disputes by diplomatic means 通过外交手段解决纷争.
tactful; having or showing diplomacy(2) 圆通的; 灵活变通的; 有手腕的; 策略的: a diplomatic answer, move, etc 很策略的回答﹑ 一步等 * be diplomatic in dealing with people 与人打交道老练得体. > diplomatically / -kl?; -kl?/ adv.
# ,diplomatic `bag any container for official letters, goods, etc sent to or from an embassy 外交邮袋; 外交信袋.
diplo`matic corps all the ambassadors and embassy staff in a country 外交使节团.
diplo,matic im`munity privilege granted to diplomatic staff working abroad, by which they may not be arrested, taxed, etc 外交豁免权; 外交特权.
diplo`matic service all the officials who conduct a country's diplomacy 外交部门.
Exceed /?k?si?d; ?kˋsid/ [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: exceder, from Latin excedere, from cedere 'to go'] v [Tn] (a) be greater or more numerous than (esp a quantity) 超过（尤指数量）: The price will not exceed 100. 价格不会超过100英镑. * The number admitted must not exceed 200. 容纳的数目不得超过200. * Their success exceeded all expectations, ie was greater than anyone expected. 他们的成功出乎一切预料. (b) go beyond what is allowed, necessary or advisable 超出（所允许的﹑ 必需的或合理的）界线: exceed the speed limit, ie drive faster than is allowed 超速（超过驾驶速度限制） * exceed one's instructions/authority, ie do more than one has permission to do 越权.
> exceedingly adv extremely; to an unusual degree 极端地; 非常; 极其: an exceedingly difficult problem 极其困难的问题. Exemplify / ?g?zempl?fa?; ?ɡˋz?mpl??fa?/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: exemplificare, from Latin exemplum; EXAMPLE]
be a typical example of (sth) 是（某事物）的典型: This painting exemplifies the artist's early style. 这幅画是该画家早期艺术风格的典型.
(fml 文) give an example of (sth); illustrate by example 举出（某事物）的例子; 举例说明: exemplify the problems involved. 举例说明所涉及的问题.
> exemplification / ?g?zempl?f??ke??n; ?ɡ?z?mpl?f?ˋke??n/ n
1 [U] exemplifying 举例说明; 示范.
2 [C] (fml 文) example 例证; 例子; 范例.
Exorbitant / ?g?z??b?t?nt; ?ɡˋz?rb?t?nt/ [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Late Latin, present participle of exorbitare 'to leave the track', from Latin orbita 'track'] adj (fml 文) (of a price, charge, etc) much too high or great; unreasonable （指价格﹑ 索价等）过高的, 过分的, 不合理的: exorbitant rents 过高的租金 * The price of food here is exorbitant. 这儿的食物价格太高.> exorbitance / -t?ns; -t?ns/ n [U] (fml 文). exorbitantly adv: exorbitantly expensive 过於昂贵.
Exposition / ?eksp??z??n; ??ksp?ˋz???n/ n (fml 文)
(a) [U] explaining or making clear by giving details 解释; 说明. (b) [C] instance of this; explanation of a theory, plan, etc 解释; 说明; 解说; （理论﹑ 计划等的）讲解: an exposition of the advantages of nuclear power 对核动力优越性的阐释.
[C] exhibition of goods, etc （货物等的）展出; 展览会; 博览会: an industrial exposition 工业博览会.
Facile / ?fsa?l; US ?f?sl; ˋf?sl/ adj [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Latin facilis 'easy to do', from facere 'to do, make']
(usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) [attrib 作定语] easily obtained or achieved (and so not highly valued) 容易得到的, 容易达到的（因而不受重视的）: a facile success, victory, etc 轻易获得的成功﹑ 胜利等. (b) (of speech or writing) easily produced but superficial or of poor quality （指演说或写作）轻易完成但肤浅或质量差的: a facile remark 信口开河的话.
[attrib 作定语] (of a person) saying or doing things easily; fluent （指人）麻利的, 利落的: a facile speaker 能说会道的人. Falsify / ?f??ls?fa?; ˋf?ls??fa?/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn]
alter (eg a document) falsely 窜改（如文件）; 伪造: falsify records, accounts, etc 伪造记录﹑ 帐目等.
present (sth) falsely 歪曲（某事物）: falsify an issue, facts, etc 歪曲问题﹑ 事实等.
prove (sth) to be false 证明（某事物）虚假: falsify a theory 证明一理论不成立.
> falsification / ?f??ls?f??ke??n; ?f?ls?f?ˋke??n/ n (a) [U] falsifying or being falsified 窜改; 歪曲; 伪造; 证明为虚假. (b) [C] change made in order to deceive 窜改; 歪曲; 伪造.
Farraginous [f?'r?d?in?s] n. 混杂, 混杂物
Fastidious /f??st?d??s, f?-; f?sˋt?d??s/ adj [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: fastidiosus, from fastidium 'strong dislike']
selecting carefully; choosing only what is good 仔细挑选的; 只选好的.
(sometimes derog 有时作贬义) hard to please; easily disgusted 难以取悦的; 爱挑剔的; 吹毛求疵的: She is so fastidious about her food that I never invite her for dinner. 她对食物过於挑剔, 因此我从不请她吃饭. > fastidiously adv. fastidiousness n [U]. Fidelity/ f??del?t?; US fa?-; fa?ˋd?l?t?/ n [U]
~ (to sb/sth) (a) loyalty; faithfulness 忠实; 忠贞; 忠诚: fidelity to one's principles, religion, leader 对自己的原则﹑ 宗教信仰﹑ 领袖的忠诚. (b) accuracy; truthfulness 精确; 真实; 确切: fidelity to the text of the play 忠实於剧本的原文 * translate sth with the greatest fidelity 极准确地翻译某材料.
quality or precision with which sound is reproduced （音响的）保真度: [attrib 作定语] a high fidelity recording 高保真的录音. Filthy 1 S3 /?f?lθi/ adj comparative filthier superlative filthiest
very dirty
The house was filthy, with clothes and newspapers strewn everywhere.
showing or describing sexual acts in a very rude or offensive way
filthy language/story/joke etc
Your problem is you've got a filthy mind (=you are always thinking about sex) .
showing anger or annoyance
filthy mood/temper
Simon had been drinking and was in a filthy temper.
She gave him a filthy look .
filthy weather/night/day
the weather, a night etc that is very cold and wet
filthy 2
filthy2 adv informal
filthy dirty
very dirty
filthy rich
very rich - usually used to say you think someone has too much money It's a filthy night to be out.
Flourish / ?fl?r??; ˋfl?r??/ v [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: florir 'to produce flowers', from Latin flos 'flower']
[I] be successful, very active, or widespread; prosper 昌盛; 旺盛; 兴旺; 繁荣: No new business can flourish in the present economic climate. 在目前的经济气候中, 任何新生意都兴旺不起来. * a flourishing squash club 兴旺的壁球俱乐部.
[I] grow healthily; be well and active 健康成长; 茂盛; 健壮而活跃: This species of flower flourishes in a warm climate. 这种花在温暖的气候中长得茂盛. * All the family are flourishing. 全家人身体都很好.
[I, Ipr] (of ideas or people) be very active and influential (during the specified period) （指思想或人）（在某时期）活跃而有影响力: In Germany the baroque style of art flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries. 在德国, 巴罗克艺术风格在17和18世纪非常盛行.
[Tn] wave sth about in order to attract attention to it 挥舞某物（以引起注意）: He stormed into the office, flourishing a letter of complaint. 他挥舞着一封投诉信冲进了办公室.
> flourish n (usu sing 通常作单数)
1 bold sweeping movement or gesture, used esp to attract attention 明显的大动作或手势（尤用以引起注意的）: He opened the door for her with a flourish. 他潇洒地为她打开了门.
2 flowing curve, esp in handwriting or decoration 流畅的曲线（尤指书法或装饰方面的）.
3 loud and elaborate piece of music; fanfare 响亮而细腻的乐曲; 小号曲: A flourish of trumpets marked the Queen's arrival. 小号奏出嘹亮的乐曲欢迎女王驾到.
Fluctuate /?fl?kt?ue?t; ˋfl?kt???et/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (between A and B) 1 (of a price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall; change irregularly （指价格﹑ 数量﹑ 比率﹑ 费用等）涨落, 波动: The price fluctuates between 5 and 6. 价格在5英镑与6英镑之间波动.
(of an attitude or a state) change continually and irregularly; waver （指态度或状态）变化不定, 动摇: fluctuating opinions 变化不定的意见. > fluctuation / ?fl?kt?u?e??n; ?fl?kt??ˋe??n/n [C, U] ~ (of/in sth): wide fluctuations of temperature 温度的巨大变化 * fluctuations in the state of his health 他健康状况时好时坏的变化.
Fragrant / ?fre?gr?nt; ˋfreɡr?nt [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , present participle of fragrare 'to smell nice'] / adj having a pleasant or sweet smell 有香味的; 芳香的: fragrant herbs, flowers, etc 香的药草﹑ 花等. > fragrantly
Fraternal
fra·ter·nal /fr??t??nl US -??r-/ adj formal
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: fraternalis, from Latin frater 'brother']
showing a special friendliness to other people because you share interests or ideas with them
fraternal solidarity amongst union members
fraternal association/organization/society
relating to brothers
fraternal loyalty
>fraternally adv
/ fr??t??nl; fr?ˋt?nl/ adj (esp rhet 尤作修辞) of a brother or brothers; brotherly or friendly 兄弟的; 兄弟般的; 友好的: fraternal love 手足之情 * fraternal greetings from fellow trade-unionists 同行业工会会员的友好问候. > fraternally / -n?l?; -nl?/ adv.
Frippery [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: friperie 'old clothes or pieces of cloth', from Medieval Latin faluppa 'piece of dried grass'] [U] unnecessary showy ornamentation, esp in clothing 无必要的炫耀装饰（尤指服装上的）. 2.[C usu pl 通常作复数] cheap useless ornament 廉价而无用的装饰.
Frugal/ ?fru?gl; ˋfruɡl/ [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Latin frux 'fruit, value'] adj (a) careful and thrifty, esp with money and food 节约的, 节俭的, 节省的（尤指对金钱和食物）: a frugal housekeeper 节俭的管家. (b) of life in which such care is shown 生活俭朴的: They lived a very frugal existence, avoiding all luxuries. 他们生活非常俭朴, 力避奢华. (c) costing little; small in quantity 花费少的; 省钱的; 小量的: a frugal meal of bread andcheese 只有面包和奶酪的便餐. > frugality / fru?gl?t?; fruˋɡ?l?t?/ n [U]. frugally / -g?l?; -ɡl?/ adv
Grapple / ?gr?pl; ˋɡr?pl/ [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: grappelle, from grape; GRAPE] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) 1 seize (an opponent) firmly and try to fight 扭住（对手）格斗; 扭打: She grappled with her assailant but he got away. 她与袭击者扭打而他却逃走了.
(fig 比喻) work hard to overcome (a difficulty) 努力克服（困难）: He has been grappling with the problem for a long time. 他长期以来一直努力解决该问题.
# `grappling-iron n grapnel 多爪钩; 多爪锚.
Gratify / ?gr?t?fa?; ˋɡr?t??fa?/ v (pt, pp -fied) (fml 文)
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: gratifier, from Latin gratificare 'to make yourself pleasing', from gratus; GRATEFUL
[Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give pleasure or satisfaction to (sb) 使（某人）高兴或满意: I was most gratified at/by/with the outcome of the meeting. 我对会议的结果感到极其满意. * It gratified me to hear of your success. 获悉你取得成功我甚感欣慰. * I was gratified that they appreciated what I did for them. 使我感到欣慰的是, 我为他们做的事他们很领情.
[Tn] give (sb) what is desired; indulge 满足（某人）所欲; 纵容: gratify a person's whims 满足一人的奇想 * To gratify my curiosity, do tell me what it is. 为满足我的好奇心, 你一定得告诉我那是什麽.
> gratification / ?gr?t?f??ke??n; ?gr?t?f?ˋke??n/ n (fml 文)
1 [U] gratifying or being gratified; state of being pleased or satisfied 喜悦; 满意; 满足: the gratification of knowing one's plans have succeeded 得知计画实现後的喜悦 * sexual gratification 性满足.
2 [C] thing that gives one pleasure or satisfaction 令人高兴或满意的事物: one of the few gratifications of an otherwise boring job 枯燥的工作中少有的一项乐趣.
gratifying adj ~ (to do sth/that...) (fml 文) pleasing; satisfying 令人高兴的; 令人满意的: It is gratifying to see one's efforts rewarded. 看到自己的努力有所收获是令人高兴的. gratifyingly adv.
Humane / hju??me?n; hjuˋmen/ adj
having or showing sympathy, kindness and understanding 富於同情心的; 仁慈的; 能体谅人的: a humane person, act, penal system 富於同情心的人﹑ 古道热肠的行为﹑ 合乎人道的刑罚体系 * humane killing 动物无痛屠宰（法）.
[attrib 作定语] (dated fml 旧, 文) (of areas of learning) tending to civilize （指学科）促进文明或教化的: humane studies 人文学科. > humanely adv.
# ,humane `killer instrument for the painless killing of animals 无痛屠宰机（屠宰牲畜家禽等的）.
Imply/ ?m?pla?; ?mˋpla?/ v (pt, pp implied) [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: emplier, from Latin implicare; IMPLICATE]
[Tn, Tf] suggest (sth) indirectly rather than state it directly; hint 含有...的意思; 暗示; 暗指: His silence implied agreement. 他沉默不语意味着同意了. * implied criticism 暗含的批评 * I don't wish to imply that you are wrong. 我无意暗示你错了.
[Tn] suggest (sth) as a logical consequence; entail 必然包含（某事物）; 使（某事物）必然产生或有必要: Freedom does not necessarily imply responsibility. 自由不一定包含着责任. * The fact she was here implies a degree of interest.
她当时在场, 这一事实就意味着她有一定程度的兴趣. Cf 参看 .
Innate [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin;
Origin: , past participle of innasci, from nasci 'to be born'] / ??ne?t; ?ˋnet/ adj (of a quality, feeling, etc) in one's nature; possessed from birth （指特质﹑ 感情等）天生的, 先天的, 固有的, 天赋的: innate ability, beauty, etc 天生的才能﹑ 丽质等 * an innate desire 固有的慾望. > innately adv naturally 自然地; 天然地; 天生地: innately honest 天生诚实
Invisible / ?n?v?z?bl; ?nˋv?z?bl/ adj
~ (to sb/sth) that cannot be seen; not visible 看不见的; 不可见的
: distant stars that are invisible to the naked eye, ie that cannot be seen except with a telescope or binoculars 肉眼看不到的遥远的星球.
[usu attrib 通常作定语] (commerce 商) in the form of services (eg banking, insurance, tourism, etc) rather than goods or raw materials 服务业形式的（如银行﹑ 保险﹑
旅游等）; 非贸易的; 无形的: invisible exports/trade 无形输出[贸易]. > invisibility / ?n?v?z??b?l?t?; ??nv?z?ˋb?l?t?/ n [U]. invisibly / ?n?v?z?bl?; ?nˋv?z?bl?/ adv.
# in,visible `ink ink which, when used for writing, cannot be seen until specially treated, eg by heat 隐形墨水（需经特殊处理方可显现字迹, 如加热）.
in,visible `mending repair of woven materials, etc by interweaving threads so that the repair is hardly noticeable 织补.
Irreversible ir·re·ver·si·ble /??r??v??s?b?l US -??r-/ adj
irreversible damage, change etc is so serious or so great that you cannot change something back to how it was before
≠
Fossil fuels have caused irreversible damage to the environment.
if an illness or bad physical condition is irreversible, it will continue to exist and cannot be cured
Miller is in an irreversible coma.
irreversible blindness
>irreversibly adv
His reputation was irreversibly damaged by the affair.
Irritate / ??r?te?t; ˋ?r??tet/ v [Tn]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of irritare 'to cause strong feelings in, excite'] make (sb) angry, annoyed or impatient 使（某人）愤怒﹑ 烦恼或急躁: irritated by/at the delay 受耽搁而恼怒 * It irritates me to have to shout to be heard. 我得大嚷大叫别人才能听见, 我为此十分不快.
(a) (biology 生) cause discomfort to (a part of the body) 使（身体某部）不适; 刺激: Acid irritates the stomach lining. 酸能刺激胃黏膜. (b) make sore or inflamed 使疼痛或发炎: The smoke irritates my eyes. 烟熏得我眼睛发痛. > irritation / ??r??te??n; ??r?ˋte??n/ n (a) [U] irritating or being irritated 愤怒; 烦恼; 急躁; 刺激; 疼痛; 发炎 . (b) [C] instance of this 愤怒; 烦恼; 急躁; 刺激; 疼痛; 发炎.
Mingle [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: meng 'to mix' (11-19 centuries), from Old English mengan] (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ with
sth/~ (together) form a mixture with sth; combine 与某物混合; 结合: The waters of the two rivers mingled (together) to form one river. 两条河汇合成一条. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A with B/~ A and B (together) mix one thing with another; combine things together 将一物与另一物混合; 将事物结合一起: truth mingled with falsehood 搀杂虚假成分的事实 * The priest mingled the water with the wine. 牧师在水中兑上酒. * He mingled the water and wine (together). 他把水和酒混在一起了.
[I, Ipr, Ip] ~ with sb/sth; ~ (together) go about among sb/sth; associate with sb/sth 混进某些人[某事物]中; 与某人[某事物]交往或联系: Security men mingled with the crowd. 保安人员混杂在人群中.
Multiply [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: multiplier, from Latin multiplicare, from multiplex; MULTIPLEX] [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A by B/~ A and B (together) add a number to itself a particular number of times 乘: children learning to multiply and divide 学习乘法和除法的儿童 * 2 and 3 multiply to make 6, ie 2 x 3 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6. 2和3相乘得6. * 2 multiplied by 4 makes 8, ie 2 x 4 = 8. 2乘以4得8. * One can make 12 by multiplying 2 and 6 (together) or 4 and 3 (together), ie 12 = 2 x 6 or 4 x 3. 以2﹑ 6或4﹑ 3相乘可得12.
[I, Tn] increase (sth) in number or quantity 增多, 增加（某事物）: Our problems have multiplied since last year. 自去年以来我们的问题增多了. * Buy lots of raffle tickets and multiply your chances of success. 多买彩票, 增加你中奖的机会.
[I, Tn] (biology 生) (cause sb/sth to) produce large numbers of offspring by procreation, fertilization, etc （使某人[某物]）繁殖, 增殖: Rabbits multiply rapidly. 兔子繁殖得很快. * It is possible to multiply bacteria and other living organisms in the laboratory. 在实验室能够繁殖细菌和其他生物.
Predominant / pr??d?m?n?nt; pr?ˋdɑm?n?nt/ adj
having more power or influence than others 有势力的; 占优势的: Which country is the predominant member of the alliance? 哪个国家在联盟中居於支配地位? * The Socialists were predominant in the last Parliament. 在上届国会中社会党人占优势.
most noticeable; prevailing 极其显着的; 盛行的: Her predominant characteristic is honesty. 她最为突出的特点是诚实.
> predominance / -?ns; -?ns/ n
1 [U, sing] ~ (of sth) state of being greater in strength, numbers, etc （力量﹑ 数量等的）优势: the predominance of blue in the colour scheme 在色彩设计中以蓝色为主 * There is a predominance of men in the club. 该俱乐部男人居多.
2 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) state of being more powerful or influential (than sb/sth) 主导或支配（他人[他事物]）的地位: The policy is designed to prevent the predominance of one group over another. 该政策旨在防止一些人压制另一些人. predominantly adv for the most part; mainly 大多; 主要地: a predominantly English-speaking population 以操英语者为主的居民.
Prerequisite / ?pri??rekw?z?t; priˋr?kw?z?t/ adj ~ (for/to sth) (infml 口) required as a condition (for sth) 必备的; 作为先决条件的: A degree is prerequisite for employment at this level. 必须具备大专院校的学位才能从事这一级的工作. * A sense of humour is prerequisite to understanding her work. 要理解她的作品就必须具有幽默感.
> prerequisite (also pre-condition) n ~ (for/of sth) thing required as a condition for sth to happen or exist 必备条件; 先决条件; 前提: Careful study of the market is a prerequisite for success. 仔细研究市场情况是取得成功的先决条件. * Good muscles are one of the prerequisites of physical fitness. 肌肉发达是身体健康的一个必备条件.
三 : 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
Apparatus
/ ??p??re?t?s; US -?rt?s; ??p?ˋr?t?s/ n [U, C] (rare pl ~es 复数作apparatuses, 罕用) [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of apparare 'to prepare', from ad- 'to' + parare 'to prepare']
(a) set of instruments, etc used esp in scientific experiments 仪器; 设备; 装置: laboratory apparatus 实验室设备. (b) equipment used for doing sth, esp in gymnastics 器械（尤指体操的）: The vaulting horse is a difficult piece of apparatus to master. 鞍马是很难掌握的器械. * Firemen needed breathing apparatus to enter the burning house. 消防队员需用呼吸器械才能进入燃烧着的房屋. =>Usage at 用法见 machine.
complex structure of an organization 机构; 机关; 组织: the whole apparatus of government 整个政府机构.
system of bodily organs 器官: the respiratory apparatus 呼吸器官. Appease
/ ??pi?z; ?ˋpiz/ v [Tn] make (sb/sth) quiet or calm, usu by making concessions or by satisfying demands 使（某人[某事物]）安静或平息（通常为作出让步或满足要求）: appease sb's anger/hunger/curiosity 平息某人的怒气[
使某人充饥/满足某人的好奇心].
> appeasement n [U] act or policy of appeasing, esp by making concessions to a possible enemy in order to avoid war 平息的行动或政策（尤指为避免战争而对潜在的敌人作出让步）; 安抚; 姑息; 绥靖.
Appetent
Appliance / ??pla??ns; ?ˋpla??ns/ n
instrument or device for a specific purpose 工具; 用具; 器具; 器械: a kitchen full of electrical appliances, eg a washing-machine, dish washer, liquidizer, etc 有各种电器用具的厨房（如洗衣机﹑ 洗碗机﹑） Apportion / ??p???n; ?ˋp?r??n/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (among/to sb) give sth as a share; allot sth 分配某事物; 分派某事物: I don't wish to apportion blame among you/to any of you. 我不愿意怪罪你们大家[你们任何人]. * He apportioned the members of the team their various tasks. 他已把各项任务分配给队员们. Cf 参看 v. > apportionment n [U].
Apposite / ??p?z?t; ˋ?p?z?t/[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of apponere 'to put near', from ad- 'to' + ponere 'to put'] adj ~ (to sth) (of a remark, etc) very appropriate (for a purpose or an occasion)（指言辞等）适当的, 合适的, 恰当的 : an apposite comment, illustration, example, etc 恰当的评论﹑ 说明﹑ 例子等 * I found his speech wholly apposite to the current debate. 我认为他的讲话对当前的辩论是恰到好处的. > appositely adv. appositeness n [U].
Apprehend ?/?pr??hend; ??pr?ˋh?nd/ v [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: apprehendere 'to take hold of', from
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
ad- 'to' + prehendere 'to seize']
[Tn] (fml 文) seize (sb); arrest 逮捕; 拘押: The thief was apprehended (by the police) in the act of stealing a car. 窃贼在偷汽车时当场被（警察）抓住.
[Tn, Tf] (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) grasp the meaning of (sb/sth); understand 领悟; 理解: Do I apprehend you aright, ie Do you mean
what I think you mean
Apprentice / ??prent?s; ?ˋpr?nt?s/ n [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: aprentis, from aprendre 'to learn', from Latin apprehendere; APPREHEND]
person who has agreed to work for a skilled employer for a fixed period in return for being taught his trade or craft 学徒; 徒弟: [attrib 作定语] an apprentice plumber 见习铅管工人.
beginner or novice 生手; 新手.
> apprentice v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) make sb work as an apprentice (for sb) 使某人（给某人）当学徒.
apprenticeship / -t???p; -t????p/ n (time of) being an apprentice 学徒身分（的期限）: serve an/one's apprenticeship with a carpenter 跟木匠当学徒.
Approximate / ??pr?ks?m?t; ?ˋprɑks?m?t/ [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Late Latin; Origin: , past participle of approximare 'to come near to', from Latin ad- 'to' + proximare 'to come near']
adj almost correct or exact but not completely so 近乎正确或精确的; 大约的; 大概的: an approximate price, figure, amount, etc 大约的价格﹑ 数字﹑ 数量等 * What is the approximate size of this room? 这间屋子大概有多大? > approximately adv: It cost approximately 300 I can't remember exactly. 价钱大约是300英镑--我记不清了.
approximate 2
/ ??pr?ks?me?t; ?ˋprɑks??met/ v [Ipr] ~ to sth be almost the same as sth 与某事物几乎相同; 接近: Your story approximates to the facts we already know. 你所说的与我们已经了解的事实很接近.
> approximation / ??pr?ks??me??n; ??prɑks?ˋme??n/ n
[C] amount or estimate that is not exactly right but nearly so 近乎准确的量或估计; 近似值: 3000 students each year would be an approximation. 每年3000名学生, 这是个大约的数字.
[U] process of being or getting near (in number, quality, etc) 概算; 近似法.
Aquatic
/ ??kwt?k; ?ˋkw?t?k/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]
(of plants, animals, etc) growing or living in or near water （指植物﹑ 动物等）生长於水中或水边的, 水生的: Many forms of aquatic life inhabit ponds. 有很多种水生动植物均栖居於池塘.
(of sports) taking place on or in water （指运动）水上的, 水中的: Swimming and water-skiing are both aquatic sports. 游泳和滑水都是水上运动.
Arcane/ɑ??ke?n; ɑrˋken/ [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: arcanus 'secret', from arca; ARK] adj secret; mysterious 秘密的; 神秘的: arcane rituals, ceremonies, customs, etc 秘密的仪式﹑ 典礼﹑习俗等.
Ardent / ?ɑ?dnt; ˋɑrdnt/[ Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin, present participle of ardere 'to burn'] adj full of ardour; enthusiastic 热心的; 热情的: an ardent supporter of the local football team 本地足球队的球迷 * ardent in her admiration of the artist 她对那位艺术家的倾慕. > ardently adv.
Aristocrat / ??r?st?kr?t; US ??r?st-; ?ˋr?st??kr?t/ n member of the aristocracy; nobleman or noblewoman 贵族的成员; 贵族. Cf 参看 .
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
> aristocratic / ??r?st??kr?t?k; US ??r?st?-; ??r?st?ˋkr?t?k/ adj belonging to or typical of the aristocracy 贵族的; 贵族统治的; 有贵族气派的: an aristocratic name, family, bearing, life-style 贵族的名字﹑ 家庭﹑ 仪态﹑ 生活方式. aristocratically / -kl?; -kl?/ adv. Armistice / ?ɑ?m?st?s; ˋɑrm?st?s/ [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: Modern Latin armistitium, from Latin arma ( ARM1) + -stitium (as in solstitium; SOLSTICE)] n agreement during a war to stop fighting for a certain time; truce 休战; 停战; 休战条约; 停战条约.
# `Armistice Day (US `Veterans' Day) 11 November, the anniversary of the armistice that ended fighting in World War I （第一次世界大战的）停战纪念日（11月11日）. Cf 参看 Remembrance Sunday
Arrant
/ ??r?nt; ˋ?r?nt/ [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: errant]used to emphasize how bad something is. adj [attrib 作定语] (of a bad person or thing) to the highest degree; utter （指坏人或坏事）绝顶的, 十足的, 完全的: an arrant fool, hypocrite, liar, rogue, etc 十足的傻瓜﹑ 伪君子﹑ 说谎者﹑ 流氓等 * He's talking arrant nonsense. 他完全胡说八道.
Arrogate / ??r?ge?t; ˋ?r??ɡet/ v [Tn.pr] (fml 文) Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of arrogare, from Latin ad- 'to' + rogare 'to ask'] ~ sth to oneself claim or take sth to which one has no right 冒称; 妄取: arrogating all the credit to himself 把一切功劳都归於他自己.
~ sth to sb say unjustly that sb thinks or acts wrongly 不公平地说某人错: arrogate evil motives to a rival 硬说对手居心不良. Articulate 1 / ɑ??t?kjul?t; ɑrˋt?kj?l?t/ adj [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of articulare 'to divide into joints, speak clearly', from articulus; ARTICLE]
(of a person) able to express one's ideas clearly in words （指人）能用词语把意思表达清楚的: She's unusually articulate for a ten-year-old. 对一个十岁的孩子来说, 她异乎寻常地能说会道.
(of speech) clearly pronounced （指讲话）发音清晰的.
having joints 有关节的. > articulately adv. articulateness n [U].
Artifice / ?ɑ?t?f?s; ˋɑrt?f?s/ Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: Latin artificium, from artifex 'skilled worker', from ars ( ART1) + facere 'to make'] n [C, U] (instance of) clever trickery; deception 诡计; 欺骗: Pretending to faint was merely (an) artifice. 假装昏迷只不过是个诡计.
Ascribe / ??skra?b; ?ˋskra?b/ [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: ascrivre, from Latin ascribere, from ad- 'to' + scribere 'to write'] v [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth consider sth to be caused by, written by or belonging to sb/sth 认为某事物是由某人[某事物]所造成或写成; 归功於﹑ 归咎於某人[某事物]: He ascribed his failure to bad luck. 他把失败归咎於运气不好. * This play is usually ascribed to Shakespeare. 这个剧本一般认为是莎士比亚所作. * You can't ascribe the same meaning to both words. 不要认为这两个词的意思是相同的.
> ascribable adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth that can be ascribed to sb/sth 可归於﹑ 起因於某人[某事物]: His success is ascribable simply to hard work. 他的成功就是由於勤奋.
Asperity / ??sper?t?; ?sˋp?r?t?/ n (fml 文) [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: aspreté, from aspre 'rough']
[U] harshness or severity, esp of manner 粗暴, 粗鲁（尤指态度﹑ 举止）: reply with asperity 粗鲁地回答.
[C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (instance of) very cold or severe weather 严寒的天气: suffer the asperities of winter near the North Pole 遭受近北极严冬之苦.
Assert /??s??t; ?ˋs?t/ v [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of asserere, from ad- 'to' + serere 'to join'] 1.[Tn] (a) make others recognize (sth) by behaving firmly and confidently 坚定而有信心地使别人认识到（某事物）; 坚持: assert one's authority, independence, rights 坚持自己的权威性﹑ 独立性﹑ 权利. (b) ~ oneself behave in a confident manner that attracts attention and respect 表现出自信而受到注意和尊重: You're too timid you must try to assert yourself more. 你太畏缩了--要尽量增强自信心.
[Tn, Tf] state (sth) clearly and forcefully as the truth 清楚而有力地表明（某事物）为事实; 声称; 断言: She asserted her
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
innocence/that she was innocent. 她坚称自己很清白[她是无辜的].
Authentic / ???θent?k; ?ˋθ?nt?k/
adj [ Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: autentique, from Late Latin, from Greek authentikos, from authentes
'person who did a particular thing']
known to be true or genuine 真实的; 真正的: an authentic document, signature, painting 正式文件﹑ 亲笔签字﹑ 原作绘画. trustworthy; reliable 可信的; 可靠的: an authentic statement 可靠的陈述.
>authentically / -kl?; -kl?/ adv. authenticity / ???θen?t?s?t?; ??θ?nˋt?s?t?/ n [U] quality of being authentic 真实性; 可靠性
; 确实性: The authenticity of the manuscript is beyond doubt. 手稿的真实性是毋庸置疑的.
Authoritative / ???θ?r?
t?t?v; US -te?t?v; ?ˋθɑr??tet?v/ adj
having authority; that can be trusted; reliable 有权力的; 有权威的; 可相信的; 可靠的: information from an authoritative source 来自权威方面的消息.
given with authority; official 权威的; 官方的; 当局的: authoritative instructions, orders, etc 官方的指示﹑ 命令等. showing or seeming to show authority 显示权力的; 好像显示权威的: an authoritative tone of voice 权威式的口吻. > authoritatively adv.
Avowed /??vaud/ adjective
[only before noun] (formal) that has been admitted or stated in public: an avowed anti-communist ◆ an avowed aim / intention / objective / purpose
avowedly adverb
Banish / ?b?n??; ˋb?n??/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French;
Origin: banir]
~ sb (from sth) send sb away, esp out of the country, as a punishment 放逐某人（尤指驱逐出境, 作为惩罚）:
He was banished (from his homeland) for life. 他被终生流放（他乡）.
~ sth (from sth) drive (thoughts, etc) out (of the mind) （自心中）排除（想法等）: banish fear 消除恐惧 * She banished all thoughts of a restful holiday (from her mind). 她（从心里）打消了过一个宁静假日的 想法.
> banishment n [U] state or process of being banished 流放: lifelong banishment 终身流放。（www.61k.com]
Barbarous / ?bɑ?b?r?s; ˋbɑrb?r?s/ adj (derog 贬) [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: barbarus, from Greek barbaros 'foreign']
unrefined in taste, habits, etc （趣味﹑ 习惯等）粗俗的: barbarous sounds 粗声粗气.
cruel or savage 残忍的; 残暴的: barbarous cruelty, treatment 残暴的行为﹑ 对待 * barbarous soldiers 残暴的士兵. > barbarously adv. barbarousness n [U].
Bedazzle
Belabor/ belabour BrE belabor AmE /b??le?b? US -?r/ v [T]
belabour the point
formal to keep emphasizing a fact or idea in a way that is annoying
old-fashioned to hit someone or something hard
Bereave/ b??ri?v; b?ˋriv/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sb) (fml 文) deprive sb (esp of a relative) by death 使某人丧失（尤指亲属）: an accident which bereaved him of his wife and child 使他丧失妻儿的事故 * the bereaved husband, ie the man whose wife had died 死了妻子的男人.
> the bereaved n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (fml 文) person who is bereaved 丧失亲人的人: The bereaved is/are still in mourning. 丧亲者仍在带孝.
bereavement n
[U] state of being bereaved 丧失亲人; 丧亲之痛: We all sympathize with you in your bereavement. 我们对你丧亲之痛表示同情.
[C] instance of this 亲人丧亡: She was absent because of a recent bereavement. 她因最近丧亲而缺席.
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
Biannual/ ba???nju?l; ba?ˋ?nj??l/ adj occurring twice a year 一年发生两次的: a biannual meeting 一年举行两次的会议. > biannually adv.
Blasphemous /?bl?sf?mi/ n plural blasphemies [U and C]
something you say or do that is insulting to God or people's religious beliefs
>blasphemous adj
The book has been widely condemned as blasphemous.
>blasphemously adv
Blemish / ?blem??; ˋbl?m??/ n
mark or stain that spoils the beauty or perfection of sb/sth （有损於人或事物的美观或完美的）污点或痕迹;
瑕疵: a blemish on a pear, carpet, table-cloth 梨上的烂斑﹑ 地毯上的污垢﹑ 桌布上的污点 * She has a blemish above her right eye. 她右眼上方有一个疤. (fig 比喻) defect, fault or flaw 缺点; 过错; 毛病: His character/reputation is without (a) blemish. 他在品德[名誉]上毫无瑕疵. > blemish v [Tn] spoil the beauty or perfection of (sb/sth); flaw; mar 有损於（某人[某事物]）美观或完美; 玷污; 损伤: a blemished peach 有烂斑的桃子 * The pianist's performance was blemished by several wrong notes. 钢琴家的演奏由於弹错了几个音符而使人感到美中不足.
Blithe /bla?e; blɑ?e/ [Language: Old English;] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] happy and carefree; casual 快乐无忧的; 漫不经心的: a blithe lack of concern 漠不关心 * a blithe spirit, ie a happy person 快乐的人. > blithely adv in a blithe manner 快活地; 无忧无虑地; 漫不经心地: He was blithely unaware of the trouble he had caused. 他对他所造成的麻烦毫无所知, 无忧无虑
Boggle /
?b?gl; ˋbɑɡl/ v [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Perhaps from bogle; BOGEY]
[I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (infml 口) hesitate (at sth) in alarm or amazement （对某事物）（因惊慌或惊奇）犹豫不决: He boggled at the thought of swimming in winter. 他想到要在冬天游泳就有些犹豫.
(idm 习语) the mind/imagination `boggles (at sth) (infml 口) one can hardly accept or imagine (an idea, a suggestion, etc) （对某一想法﹑ 建议等）难以接受或难以想像: My neighbour wears his dressing-gown to work. The mind boggles! 我的邻居穿着晨衣去上班. 真不可思议! boggle sb's/the `mind (US infml 口) amaze or shock sb 使某人惊奇或吃惊: It boggles my mind! 这使我大吃一惊! Cf 参看 mind-boggling(mind1).
Bombastic /b?m?b?st?k US bɑ?m-/ adj
[Date: 1700-1800; Origin: bombast 'bombastic language' (16-21 centuries), from Old French, bombace 'soft material for filling something', from Medieval Latin bombax 'cotton']
bombastic language contains long words that sound important but have no real meaning
He is best known for three rather bombastic poems.
>bombast /?b?mb?st US ?bɑ?m-/ n [U]
Boost / bu?st; bust/ v [Tn] increase the strength or value of (sth); help or encourage (sb/sth) 增强（某事物）的力量; 提高（某事物）的价值; 帮助; 鼓励; 促进（某人[某事物]）: boost an electric current 增强电流 * boost imports, share prices, the dollar, etc 增加进口﹑ 提高股票价格﹑ 提高美元汇价 * boost production 促进生产 * The unexpected win boosted the team's morale. 意外的胜利鼓舞了全队的士气.
> boost n increase; help; encouragement 增加; 帮助; 鼓励: a boost in sales, exports, etc 销售﹑ 出口等的增长 * give the economy, the pound, etc a boost 使经济﹑ 英镑等有起色 * give sb's confidence a boost 增强某人的信心.
booster n
thing that boosts 令人鼓舞的事物: a morale booster, ie sth that makes one feel more confident 精神鼓舞.
device for increasing power or voltage 增强动力或电压的装置.
(also `booster rocket) rocket used to give initial speed to a missile or spacecraft 助推火箭（给予导弹或航天器以初速度的）. dose or injection (of a medicine or drug) that increases the effect of an earlier one 辅助药剂, 增效药剂（用以加强前次药剂效力的）.
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
Boycott / ?b??k?t; ˋb???kɑt/ [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Charles Boycott (1832-97), English official in Ireland who refused to reduce rents, so the local people refused to do any business with him] v [Tn] (a) (usu of a group of people) refuse to have social or commercial relations with (a person, company, country, etc) （通常指一群人）拒绝与（某人﹑ 公司﹑ 国家等）交往或通商. (b) refuse to handle or buy (goods); refuse to take part in (eg a meeting) 拒绝处理或购买（货物）; 拒绝参加（如会议）; 抵制: boycotting foreign imports 抵制外国货物进口 * Athletes from several countries boycotted the Olympic Games. 有好几国的运动员抵制奥林匹克运动会.
> boycott n refusal to deal or trade with (a person, country, etc); refusal to handle (goods) （对与某人﹑ 某国等交往或贸易的）抵制; （对处理货物的）抵制: place/put sth under a boycott 对某事物实行抵制
Brutal / ?bru?tl; ˋbrutl/ adj cruel; savage; merciless 残忍的; 野蛮的; 冷酷无情的: a brutal tyrant, dictator, murderer, etc 残忍的暴君﹑ 独裁者﹑ 谋杀犯等 * a brutal attack, murder, punishment 野蛮的进攻﹑ 谋杀﹑ 惩罚.
> brutality / bru??t?l?t?; bruˋt?l?t?/ n
[U] brutal behaviour; cruelty; savagery 野蛮的行为; 残忍; 野蛮.
[C] brutal act 暴行: the brutalities of war 战争的暴行.
brutalize, -ise v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sb) brutal or insensitive 使（某人）变得残酷无情: soldiers brutalized by a long war 因长期战争而变得残忍的士兵.
brutally / ?bru?t?l?; ˋbrutl?/ adv.
Callous / ?k?l?s; ˋk?l?s/ adj [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: calleux, from Latin callosus, from callus; CALLUS]
cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷无情的; 无同情心的: a callous person, attitude, act 冷酷无情的人﹑ 态度﹑ 行为. (of the skin) hardened, eg by rough work （指皮肤）硬化的, 起茧子的（如因做粗重活儿所致）.
> calloused adj (of the skin) hardened; having calluses （指皮肤）硬化的, 有茧子的: calloused hands 有茧子的手.
callously adv in a callous(1) way 冷酷无情地; 无同情心地.
callousness n [U] callous(1) behaviour 冷酷无情; 无同情心的行为.
Captious / ?k?p??s; ˋk?p??s/ adj (fml 文) fond of criticizingor raising objections about unimportant matters; quibbling 好吹毛求疵的; 好挑剔的. > captiously adv. captiousness n [U].
Captive / ?k?pt?v; ˋk?pt?v/ adj [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: captivus, from captus, past participle of capere 'to take']
[esp attrib 尤作定语] held as a prisoner; unable to escape 被俘虏的; 逃不掉的: a captive bird 被捕获的鸟.
(idm 习语) hold/take sb `captive/`prisoner keep or take sb as a prisoner 囚禁或俘虏某人: They were held captive by masked gunmen. 他们被蒙面的持枪歹徒劫持了.
> captive n captive person or animal 被捉住的人或动物: Three of the captives tried to escape. 捉住的有三个企图逃走.
captivity / k?p?t?v?t?; k?pˋt?v?t?/ n [U] state of being captive 被俘; 被捕; 囚禁: He was held in captivity for three years. 他被囚禁三年. * Wild animals don't breed well in captivity. 圈着的动物繁殖不好.
# captive `audience audience with little or no freedom to go away and therefore easily persuaded to listen or watch 被动听众, 被动观众（无法轻易离开者, 故易受诱导）: Television advertisers can exploit a captive audience. 电视广告商能利用被动观众. captive bal`loon balloon held to the ground by a cable 系留气球（用绳索系在地面上的）.
Celibate /?sel?b?t; ˋs?l?b?t/ adj [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Latin; Origin: caelibatus, from caelebs 'unmarried'] remaining unmarried, esp for religious reasons 不结婚的（尤指为宗教原因）.
not having sexual relations 没有性关系的.
> celibacy / ?sel?b?s?; ˋs?l?b?s?/ n [U] (state of) living unmarried, esp for religious reasons 独身生活（的状况）（尤指为宗教原因）:
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
Catholic priests take a vow of celibacy.天主教神父发誓不结婚. celibate n unmarried person; person not having sexual relations 独身者; 没有性关系的人.
Circuitous / s??kju??t?s; s?ˋkju?t?s/ adj (fml 文) long and indirect; roundabout 迂回的; 绕行的: a circuitous route 迂回的路线. > circuitously adv Clinquant
Commemorate / k??mem?re?t; k?ˋm?m??ret/ [
Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of commemorare, from com- ( COM-) + memorare 'to remind of']
v [Tn] (a) keep (a great person, event, etc) in people's memories 纪念（伟人﹑ 大事件等）: We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday. 我们放假一日以庆祝国庆. (b) (of a statue, monument, etc) be a reminder of (sb/sth) （指雕像﹑ 纪念碑等）作为对（某人[某事物]）的纪念: This memorial commemorates those who died in the war. 这座纪念碑是纪念战争中牺牲者的.
> commemoration / k??mem??re??n; k??m?m?ˋre??n/ n [C, U] (act of or ceremony
for) commemorating 纪念; 庆祝; 纪念仪式: a statue in commemoration of a national hero
纪念民族英雄的雕像.
commemorative / k??mem?r?t?v; US -?mem?re?t-; k?ˋm?m?ret?v/ adj helping to commemorate （有助於）纪念的: commemorative stamps, medals, etc 纪念邮票﹑ 奖章等.
Comprehensive / ?k?mpr??hens?v; ?kɑmpr?ˋh?ns?v/ adj that includes (nearly) everything （几乎）包罗万象的; 全面的: a comprehensive description, account, report, etc 全面的描述﹑ 叙述﹑ 报道等 * She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她已全面掌握了这一学科. (Brit) (of education) for pupils of all abilities in the same school （指教育）（具有不同能力的学生）同在一校的, 综合的.
> comprehensive n (Brit infml 口) comprehensiveschool 综合学校.
comprehensively adv: Our football team was comprehensively (ie thoroughly) defeated. 我们已经彻底失败了.
comprehensiveness n [U].
# ,comprehensive in`surance insurance on motor vehicles that covers most risks, including fire, theft, damage and risks to the driver and others 综合保险（机动车辆的多种保险, 包括火险﹑ 盗窃险﹑ 毁坏险和司机及第三者事故保险等）.
compre`hensive school (Brit) large secondary school at which children of all abilities are taught 综合中学（招收具有不同能力的学生的大型中学）.
Compulsive / k?m?p?ls?v; k?mˋp?ls?v/ adj
extremely interesting; fascinating 极有趣的; 令人着迷的: a compulsive novel about politics有关政治的有趣的小说.
(a) caused by an obsession 因着迷而引起的; 强迫性的; 强制性的; 上瘾的: compulsive gambling, eating, etc 上瘾的赌博﹑ 强迫性进食等. (b) (of people) forced to do sth by an obsession （指人）因着迷而被迫做的, 强迫性的: a compulsive eater, TV viewer, gambler 对食物﹑ 电视﹑ 赌博着迷的人 * He's a compulsive liar, ie He lies repeatedly. 他说谎成性. > compulsively adv: a compulsively readable book 引人入胜﹑ 非读不可的书.
Conformity
1.behaviour that obeys the accepted rules of society or a group, and is the same as that of most other people
an emphasis on conformity and control conformity to social expectations
in conformity with sth conformity to
formal in a way that obeys rules, customs etc
We must act in conformity with local regulations
Conjecture / k?n?d?ekt??(r); k?nˋd??kt??/ [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: conjectura, from conicere 'to throw together', from com- ( COM-) + jacere 'to throw'] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (about sth) (fml 文) form (and express) an opinion not based on firm evidence; guess 推测; 猜测: It was just as I had conjectured. 这正如我所猜测的. * Don't conjecture about the outcome. 不要对结果妄加猜测. * What made you conjecture that? 是什麽促使你推测出这样的结论?
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
> conjecture
n
[C] guess 猜测; 推测: I was right in my conjectures. 我所猜测的都应验了.
[U] guessing 猜测; 推测: What the real cause was is open to conjecture. 真正的原因是什麽尽可任凭猜测. * Your theory is pure conjecture. 你的理论纯粹是主观臆测. conjectural/ k?n?d?ekt??r?l; k?nˋd??kt??r?l/ adj based on conjecture 推测的; 猜测的. Consent / k?n?sent; k?nˋs?nt/ v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (to sth) give agreement or permission 同意; 允许: She made the proposal, and I readily consented (to it). 她提出了这个建议, 我欣然同意. * She won't consent to him staying out late/to his staying out late. 她不允许他呆在外面太晚. * They finally consented (ie agreed) to go with us. 他们终於同意了和我们一块走. * sex between consenting adults, ie who both agree to it 成年人之间两相情愿的性行为.
> consent n [U]
~ (to sth) agreement; permission 同意; 允许: Her parents refused their consent to the marriage. 她的父母不答应这门婚事. * He gave his consent for the project to get under way. 他同意将这个计划付诸实施. * She was chosen as leader by common consent, ie Everyone agreed to the choice. 她是经一致同意而当选为领导人的. * Silence implies consent, ie One is assumed to agree if one remains silent. 沉默意味着同意.
(idm 习语) with one consent (arch 古) unanimously 一致同意地.
Constrain / k?n?stre?n; k?nˋstren/ [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: constraindre, from Latin constringere 'to constrict, constrain', from com- ( COM-) + stringere 'to pull tight']
v [Tn, Cn.t] (fml 文) make (sb) do sth by strong (moral) persuasion or by force 力劝, 强迫（某人）做某事: As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained (ie restricted) by the same rules of social conduct as other people. 他认为自己是艺术家, 不必像一般人那样要受社会行为准则的束缚. * I feel constrained to write (ie I feel I must write) and complain in the strongest possible terms. 我深感责无旁贷, 必须笔诛墨伐.
> constrained adj (of voice, manner, etc) forced; uneasy; unnatural （指声音﹑ 态度等）勉强的, 受拘束的, 不自然的. constrainedly / -?dl?; -?dl?/ adv
Consultative / k?n?s?lt?t?v; k?nˋs?lt?t?v/ adj of or for consulting; advisory 谘询的; 供谘询的; 顾问的: a consultative committee, document, etc 谘询委员会﹑ 文件等.
Continuous /k?n?t?nju?s; k?nˋt?nj??s/ [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: continuus, from continere; CONTAIN] adj going on without stopping or being interrupted 继续不停的; 不间断的: Is this a continuous flight, or do we stop off anywhere? 我们是不着陆的连续飞行呢, 还是要在中途的什麽地方停一停? * Our political institutions are in continuous evolution. 我们的政治制度正在不断发展中. * A continuous belt feeds components into the machine. 无极带把零件送入机器里. * continuous assessment, ie evaluation of a student's progress throughout a course of study (instead of by examination alone) 连续性评定（对学生在整个学习过程中所取得的进步的评价, 用以代替单独的考试）. =>Usage at continual 用法见continual. > continuously adv.
# con`tinuous tense (also progressive tense) (grammar) phrase consisting of part of be and a verb ending in -ing which expresses an action that continues over a period of time, as in `I am/was writing', `They are/were singing' 进行时态（由be的一种形式和以-ing结尾的动词构成的词组, 表示持续一段时间的动作, 如: `I am/was writing', `They are/were singing'
Correlate / ?k?r?le?t; US ?k??r-; ˋk?r??let/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (with sth); ~ A and/with B have a mutual relation or connection, esp of affecting or depending on each other; (try to) show such a relation or connection between sth and sth else 相关或相互关联; （尤指）相互影响或相互依存; （试图）显示某事物与他事物的上述关系或联系: The results of this experiment do not correlate with the results of earlier ones. 这次试验的结果与以往试验的结果毫不相干. * Researchers cannot correlate the two sets of figures. 研究者们看不出这两组数字有什麽联系. * We can often correlate age with frequency of illness. 年龄的大小往往与发病率有关.
> correlation / ?k?r??le??n; US ?k??r-; ?k?r?ˋle??n/ n [sing, U] ~ (with sth); ~ (between A and B) mutual relationship 相互的关系: the correlation between sb's height and weight 身高与体重之间的关系.
correlative / k??rel?t?v; k?ˋr?l?t?v/ adj having or showing a relation to sth else 相关的; 显示相互关系的: `Either' and `or' are correlative
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
conjunctions. either和or是关联连词.
Countenance / ?kaunt?n?ns; ˋka?nt?n?ns/ n (fml 文) [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old
French; Origin: contenance 'behavior', from Latin continentia 'holding back from doing what you want, continence', from continere; CONTAIN]
[C] (expression on sb's) face 面孔
; 面容; 面部表情: a woman with a fierce countenance/of fierce countenance 面目凶恶的女子.
[U] support; approval 支持; 赞成; 批准: I would not give/lend countenance to such a plan. 我不赞同这样的计划.
(idm 习语) keep one's `countenance (fml 文) maintain one's composure, esp by not laughing 保持沉稳（尤指忍住不笑）. put/stare sb out of `countenance (dated 旧) make sb feel embarrassed or at fault by staring at him 盯得某人发慌或不知所措. countenance 2
/ ?kaunt?n?ns; ˋka?nt?n?ns/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] (fml 文) support or approve (sth) 支持, 赞成, 批准（某事物）: countenance a fraud 怂恿诈骗 * How could you countenance such behaviour? 你怎麽能纵容这种行为? * They would never countenance lying. 他们对说谎的行为决不姑息.
Counterpart / ?kaunt?pɑ?t; ˋka?nt??pɑrt/ n person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as sb or sth else 相对应或具有相同功能的人或物: The sales director phoned her counterpart in the other firm, ie the other firm's sales director.
销售部的女经理给另一家公司的销售部经理打了电话.
Crave / kre?v; krev/ v
[Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth have a strong desire for sth 渴望; 渴求某事物: I was craving for a drink. 我非常想喝一点. * giving her the admiration she craves
给予她渴望得到的赞赏.
[Tn] (arch 古) ask for (sth) earnestly; beg for 恳求（某事物）; 祈求: crave sb's mercy/forgiveness/indulgence 恳求某人宽恕[原谅/赦免].
> craving n ~(for sth) strong desire 强烈的愿望: a craving for food 想吃东西的强烈愿望.
Creditable / ?kred?t?bl; ˋkr?d?
t?bl/ adj ~ (to sb) deserving praise (although perhaps not outstandingly good); bringing credit1(2) 值得赞扬的（虽然可能并非特别好）; 带来荣誉的: a creditable attempt, performance, etc 值得赞扬的努力﹑ 表现等
* creditable work, progress, etc 应予肯定的工作﹑ 进步等 * conduct that is very creditable to him 给他带来极好声誉的行为. > creditably / ?kred?t?bl?; ˋkr?d?t?bl?/ adv: She performed very creditably in the exam. 她考得好极 Crooked / ?kruk?d; ˋkr?k?d/ adj (-er, -est)
not straight or level; twisted, bent or curved 歪的; 扭曲的; 弯曲的: a crooked lane, branch, table 弯曲的小巷﹑ 树枝; 歪斜的桌子 * a crooked smile, ie in which the mouth slopes down at one side 歪斜着嘴的一笑 * You've got your hat on crooked. 你把帽子戴歪了. (infml 口) (of people or actions) dishonest; illegal （指人或行为）不老实的, 不正当的: a crooked businessman, deal 奸商﹑ 非法经营. > crookedly adv. crookedness n [U].
Crude /kru?d; krud/ adj (-r, -st) [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: crudus 'raw, rough, cruel']
[usu attrib 通常作定语] in the natural state; unrefined 天然的; 未提炼的: crude oil, sugar, ore, etc 原油﹑ 粗糖﹑ 原矿.
(a) not well finished; not completely worked out; rough 粗陋的; 未完成的; 粗糙的: a crude sketch, method, approximation 粗略的草图﹑ 方法﹑ 估计 * His paintings are rather crude, ie not skilfully done. 他画的画还不够成熟. * I made my own crude garden furniture. 我给我那园子做了一套简陋的家具. (b) not showing taste or refinement; coarse 粗俗的; 粗鲁的: crude manners 粗鲁的举止 * He made some crude (ie sexually offensive) jokes. 他说了一些粗俗的（淫秽的）笑话.
> crudely adv: crudely assembled 粗略地汇集起来的 * express oneself crudely 粗略地说说自己的看法.
crudity / ?kru?d?t?; ˋkrud?t?/ n [U]
1 state or quality of being crude (2a) 粗陋; 粗糙; 欠成熟: the crudity of his drawing 他画的画不够成熟.
2 crude(2b) behaviour, remarks, etc 粗俗或粗鲁的行为﹑ 词语等: I'd never met such crudity before. 我从未见过这样粗鲁的行径.
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
Dandy / ?d?nd?; ˋd?nd?/ [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Perhaps from Dandy, a form of the name Andrew] n man who cares too much about the smartness of his clothes and his appearance 过分注意衣着和外表的男人; 花花公子.
> dandified / ?d?nd?fa?d; ˋd?nd??fa?d/ adj like or typical of a dandy 像花花公子的: dandified clothes 像花花公子穿的衣服.
dandy 2 / ?d?nd?; ˋd?nd?/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp US) very good; excellent 极好的; 优秀的: all fine and dandy 非常好 * That's just dandy! 那太好了!
Decent / ?di?snt; ˋdisnt/ adj [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: décent, from Latin decens, the present participle of decere 'to be suitable']
(a) proper; acceptable 适当的; 可接受的: We must provide decent housing for the poor. 我们必须为穷苦人提供适当的住房. * The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备. * He's done the decent thing and resigned. 他做了件体面的事, 辞职了. (b) not likely to shock or embarrass others; modest 不致使别人吃惊或难堪的; 适度的; 得体的: That dress isn't decent. 那件连衣裙不够体面. * (infml 口) Are you decent? ie Are you properly dressed? 你的穿戴得体吗? * Never tell stories that are not decent, ie that are obscene. 切勿讲不雅的故事. Cf 参看 .
satisfactory; quite good 令人满意的; 相当好的: earn a decent wage, living, etc 赚可观的工资﹑ 生活费等 * That was quite a decent lunch. 那顿午餐相当不错. * They're a decent firm to work for, ie They treat their employees well. 在那家公司工作挺不错. * He's a thoroughly decent (ie honourable) man. 他是个极为正直的人.
> decently adv in a decent(1, 2) manner 合适地; 适度地; 体面地: decently dressed 衣着体面的 * behave decently 规规矩矩地行事. Defalcate [di:'f?l?keit]
vi. 挪用公款
vt. <古>扣除, 缩减
Derive / d??ra?v; d?ˋra?v/ v [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: dériver, from Latin derivare 'to draw out water', from rivus 'stream']
[Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth (fml 文) obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth 得到; 获取: derive great pleasure from one's studies 从学习中获得极大乐趣 * She derived no benefit from the course of drugs. 她用药经此疗程後并无好转.
(a) [Ipr] ~ from sth have sth as a starting-point, source or origin; originate from sth 源自; 源於: Thousands of English words derive from Latin. 英语中有成千上万的词源自拉丁文. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth trace sth from (a source) 对某事物追本穷源: We can derive the word `derelict' from the Latin `derelictus'. derelict这一词的起源可以追溯到拉丁文的derelict
Detach / d??t?t?; d?ˋt?t?/ v [Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: détacher, from Old French destachier, from atachier 'to attach']
[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) unfasten sth from sth; disconnect sth 将某物拆下; 拆开某物; 分开某物: detach a link from a chain 从链子上拆下一个链环 * a coach detached from a train 从火车上脱离的一节车厢. Cf 参看 1.
[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (military 军) send (a group of soldiers, ships, etc) away from the main force, esp to do special duties 派遣, 分遣（兵员﹑ 船舰等）（尤指执行特殊任务）: A number of men were detached to guard the right flank. 派遣了一些士兵守卫右翼.
> detached adj
1 (a) not influenced by others; impartial 不受他人影响的; 不偏不倚的; 公正的: a detached mind, assessment, judgement, etc 不偏不倚的见解﹑ 评价﹑ 判断等 * take a detached view of sth 对某事物采取公正的观点. (b) not feeling emotional or involved 不动感情的; 冷静的; 客观的; 超然的: her detached response to the crisis 她对这危机的客观的反应.
2 (of a house) not joined to another on either side （指房子）两边不与其他房子相连的, 独立的. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.
detachable / -?bl; -?bl/ adj that can be detached 可拆开的; 可分离的; 可分遣的: a detachable lining in a coat 大衣的活衬里. Detain / d??te?n; d?ˋten/ v [Tn] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: detenir, from Latin detinere, from
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
tenere 'to hold']
prevent (sb) from leaving or doing sth; delay 阻止（某人）离开或做某事; 耽搁; 延误: She was detained in the office by unexpected callers. 有些临时访客把她耽搁在办公室里了. * This question need not detain us long, ie can be settled quickly. 这个问题不必耽搁我们很长时间.
keep (sb) in custody; lock up 拘留（某人）; 扣押: The police detained him for questioning. 警方对他进行拘留审问.
> detainee / ?di?te??ni?; di?teˋni/ n person who is detained (by police, etc, eg sb suspected of a violent crime, terrorism, etc) 被拘留者. Diminish / d??m?n??; d?ˋm?n??/ v [I, Tn] [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: diminue (14-16 centuries), from Old French diminuer, from Latin minuere 'to make less']
(cause sth to) become smaller or less; decrease 变小; 变少; 使（某事物）变小; 使（某事物）变少; 缩小; 减少; 降低: His strength has diminished over the years. 经过这许多年月, 他的体力不如从前了. * Nothing could diminish her enthusiasm for the project. 什麽也不能影响她对这项计划的热忱. * diminishing hopes, supplies, funds 逐渐渺茫的希望﹑ 渐渐用完的物资﹑ 渐渐枯竭的资金. (fig 比喻) make (sb/sth) seem less important than it really is; devalue 减低（某人[某事物]的重要性; 贬低: The opposition are trying to diminish our achievements. 反对党企图贬低我们的成就.
(music 音) decrease (an interval) by a semitone 将（音程）减半音: a diminished seventh 减七度.
# di,minished responsi`bility (law 律) state of mind in which an accused person cannot be held fully responsible for a crime 减轻的刑事责任（被告因精神失常不能对其罪行完全负责）.
Diplomatic / ?d?pl??m?t?k; ?d?pl?ˋm?t?k/ adj [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: diplomatique, from Latin diploma; DIPLOMA]
of diplomacy(1) 外交的: settle disputes by diplomatic means 通过外交手段解决纷争.
tactful; having or showing diplomacy(2) 圆通的; 灵活变通的; 有手腕的; 策略的: a diplomatic answer, move, etc 很策略的回答﹑ 一步等 * be diplomatic in dealing with people 与人打交道老练得体. > diplomatically / -kl?; -kl?/ adv.
# ,diplomatic `bag any container for official letters, goods, etc sent to or from an embassy 外交邮袋; 外交信袋.
diplo`matic corps all the ambassadors and embassy staff in a country 外交使节团.
diplo,matic im`munity privilege granted to diplomatic staff working abroad, by which they may not be arrested, taxed, etc 外交豁免权; 外交特权.
diplo`matic service all the officials who conduct a country's diplomacy 外交部门.
Exceed /?k?si?d; ?kˋsid/ [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: exceder, from Latin excedere, from cedere 'to go'] v [Tn] (a) be greater or more numerous than (esp a quantity) 超过（尤指数量）: The price will not exceed 100. 价格不会超过100英镑. * The number admitted must not exceed 200. 容纳的数目不得超过200. * Their success exceeded all expectations, ie was greater than anyone expected. 他们的成功出乎一切预料. (b) go beyond what is allowed, necessary or advisable 超出（所允许的﹑ 必需的或合理的）界线: exceed the speed limit, ie drive faster than is allowed 超速（超过驾驶速度限制） * exceed one's instructions/authority, ie do more than one has permission to do 越权.
> exceedingly adv extremely; to an unusual degree 极端地; 非常; 极其: an exceedingly difficult problem 极其困难的问题. Exemplify / ?g?zempl?fa?; ?ɡˋz?mpl??fa?/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: exemplificare, from Latin exemplum; EXAMPLE]
be a typical example of (sth) 是（某事物）的典型: This painting exemplifies the artist's early style. 这幅画是该画家早期艺术风格的典型.
(fml 文) give an example of (sth); illustrate by example 举出（某事物）的例子; 举例说明: exemplify the problems involved. 举例说明所涉及的问题.
> exemplification / ?g?zempl?f??ke??n; ?ɡ?z?mpl?f?ˋke??n/ n
1 [U] exemplifying 举例说明; 示范.
2 [C] (fml 文) example 例证; 例子; 范例.
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
Exorbitant / ?g?z??b?t?nt; ?ɡˋz?rb?t?nt/ [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Late Latin, present participle of exorbitare 'to leave the track', from Latin orbita 'track'] adj (fml 文) (of a price, charge, etc) much too high or great; unreasonable （指价格﹑ 索价等）过高的, 过分的, 不合理的: exorbitant rents 过高的租金 * The price of food here is exorbitant. 这儿的食物价格太高.> exorbitance / -t?ns; -t?ns/ n [U] (fml 文). exorbitantly adv: exorbitantly expensive 过於昂贵.
Exposition / ?eksp??z??n; ??ksp?ˋz???n/ n (fml 文)
(a) [U] explaining or making clear by giving details 解释; 说明. (b) [C] instance of this; explanation of a theory, plan, etc 解释; 说明; 解说; （理论﹑ 计划等的）讲解: an exposition of the advantages of nuclear power 对核动力优越性的阐释.
[C] exhibition of goods, etc （货物等的）展出; 展览会; 博览会: an industrial exposition 工业博览会.
Facile / ?fsa?l; US ?f?sl; ˋf?sl/ adj [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Latin facilis 'easy to do', from facere 'to do, make']
(usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) [attrib 作定语] easily obtained or achieved (and so not highly valued) 容易得到的, 容易达到的（因而不受重视的）: a facile success, victory, etc 轻易获得的成功﹑ 胜利等. (b) (of speech or writing) easily produced but superficial or of poor quality （指演说或写作）轻易完成但肤浅或质量差的: a facile remark 信口开河的话.
[attrib 作定语] (of a person) saying or doing things easily; fluent （指人）麻利的, 利落的: a facile speaker 能说会道的人. Falsify / ?f??ls?fa?; ˋf?ls??fa?/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn]
alter (eg a document) falsely 窜改（如文件）; 伪造: falsify records, accounts, etc 伪造记录﹑ 帐目等.
present (sth) falsely 歪曲（某事物）: falsify an issue, facts, etc 歪曲问题﹑ 事实等.
prove (sth) to be false 证明（某事物）虚假: falsify a theory 证明一理论不成立.
> falsification / ?f??ls?f??ke??n; ?f?ls?f?ˋke??n/ n (a) [U] falsifying or being falsified 窜改; 歪曲; 伪造; 证明为虚假. (b) [C] change made in order to deceive 窜改; 歪曲; 伪造.
Farraginous [f?'r?d?in?s] n. 混杂, 混杂物
Fastidious /f??st?d??s, f?-; f?sˋt?d??s/ adj [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: fastidiosus, from fastidium 'strong dislike']
selecting carefully; choosing only what is good 仔细挑选的; 只选好的.
(sometimes derog 有时作贬义) hard to please; easily disgusted 难以取悦的; 爱挑剔的; 吹毛求疵的: She is so fastidious about her food that I never invite her for dinner. 她对食物过於挑剔, 因此我从不请她吃饭. > fastidiously adv. fastidiousness n [U]. Fidelity/ f??del?t?; US fa?-; fa?ˋd?l?t?/ n [U]
~ (to sb/sth) (a) loyalty; faithfulness 忠实; 忠贞; 忠诚: fidelity to one's principles, religion, leader 对自己的原则﹑ 宗教信仰﹑ 领袖的忠诚. (b) accuracy; truthfulness 精确; 真实; 确切: fidelity to the text of the play 忠实於剧本的原文 * translate sth with the greatest fidelity 极准确地翻译某材料.
quality or precision with which sound is reproduced （音响的）保真度: [attrib 作定语] a high fidelity recording 高保真的录音. Filthy 1 S3 /?f?lθi/ adj comparative filthier superlative filthiest
very dirty
The house was filthy, with clothes and newspapers strewn everywhere.
showing or describing sexual acts in a very rude or offensive way
filthy language/story/joke etc
Your problem is you've got a filthy mind (=you are always thinking about sex) .
showing anger or annoyance
filthy mood/temper
Simon had been drinking and was in a filthy temper.
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
She gave him a filthy look .
filthy weather/night/day
the weather, a night etc that is very cold and wet
filthy 2
filthy2 adv informal
filthy dirty
very dirty
filthy rich
very rich - usually used to say you think someone has too much money It's a filthy night to be out.
Flourish / ?fl?r??; ˋfl?r??/ v [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: florir 'to produce flowers', from Latin flos 'flower']
[I] be successful, very active, or widespread; prosper 昌盛; 旺盛; 兴旺; 繁荣: No new business can flourish in the present economic climate. 在目前的经济气候中, 任何新生意都兴旺不起来. * a flourishing squash club 兴旺的壁球俱乐部.
[I] grow healthily; be well and active 健康成长; 茂盛; 健壮而活跃: This species of flower flourishes in a warm climate. 这种花在温暖的气候中长得茂盛. * All the family are flourishing. 全家人身体都很好.
[I, Ipr] (of ideas or people) be very active and influential (during the specified period) （指思想或人）（在某时期）活跃而有影响力: In Germany the baroque style of art flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries. 在德国, 巴罗克艺术风格在17和18世纪非常盛行.
[Tn] wave sth about in order to attract attention to it 挥舞某物（以引起注意）: He stormed into the office, flourishing a letter of complaint. 他挥舞着一封投诉信冲进了办公室.
> flourish n (usu sing 通常作单数)
1 bold sweeping movement or gesture, used esp to attract attention 明显的大动作或手势（尤用以引起注意的）: He opened the door for her with a flourish. 他潇洒地为她打开了门.
2 flowing curve, esp in handwriting or decoration 流畅的曲线（尤指书法或装饰方面的）.
3 loud and elaborate piece of music; fanfare 响亮而细腻的乐曲; 小号曲: A flourish of trumpets marked the Queen's arrival. 小号奏出嘹亮的乐曲欢迎女王驾到.
Fluctuate /?fl?kt?ue?t; ˋfl?kt???et/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (between A and B) 1 (of a price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall; change irregularly （指价格﹑ 数量﹑ 比率﹑ 费用等）涨落, 波动: The price fluctuates between 5 and 6. 价格在5英镑与6英镑之间波动.
(of an attitude or a state) change continually and irregularly; waver （指态度或状态）变化不定, 动摇: fluctuating opinions 变化不定的意见. > fluctuation / ?fl?kt?u?e??n; ?fl?kt??ˋe??n/n [C, U] ~ (of/in sth): wide fluctuations of temperature 温度的巨大变化 * fluctuations in the state of his health 他健康状况时好时坏的变化.
Fragrant / ?fre?gr?nt; ˋfreɡr?nt [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , present participle of fragrare 'to smell nice'] / adj having a pleasant or sweet smell 有香味的; 芳香的: fragrant herbs, flowers, etc 香的药草﹑ 花等. > fragrantly
Fraternal
fra·ter·nal /fr??t??nl US -??r-/ adj formal
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: fraternalis, from Latin frater 'brother']
showing a special friendliness to other people because you share interests or ideas with them
fraternal solidarity amongst union members
fraternal association/organization/society
relating to brothers
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
fraternal loyalty
>fraternally adv
/ fr??t??nl; fr?ˋt?nl/ adj (esp rhet 尤作修辞) of a brother or brothers; brotherly or friendly 兄弟的; 兄弟般的; 友好的: fraternal love 手足之情 * fraternal greetings from fellow trade-unionists 同行业工会会员的友好问候. > fraternally / -n?l?; -nl?/ adv.
Frippery [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: friperie 'old clothes or pieces of cloth', from Medieval Latin faluppa 'piece of dried grass'] [U] unnecessary showy ornamentation, esp in clothing 无必要的炫耀装饰（尤指服装上的）. 2.[C usu pl 通常作复数] cheap useless ornament 廉价而无用的装饰.
Frugal/ ?fru?gl; ˋfruɡl/ [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Latin frux 'fruit, value'] adj (a) careful and thrifty, esp with money and food 节约的, 节俭的, 节省的（尤指对金钱和食物）: a frugal housekeeper 节俭的管家. (b) of life in which such care is shown 生活俭朴的: They lived a very frugal existence, avoiding all luxuries. 他们生活非常俭朴, 力避奢华. (c) costing little; small in quantity 花费少的; 省钱的; 小量的: a frugal meal of bread andcheese 只有面包和奶酪的便餐. > frugality / fru?gl?t?; fruˋɡ?l?t?/ n [U]. frugally / -g?l?; -ɡl?/ adv
Grapple / ?gr?pl; ˋɡr?pl/ [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: grappelle, from grape; GRAPE] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) 1 seize (an opponent) firmly and try to fight 扭住（对手）格斗; 扭打: She grappled with her assailant but he got away. 她与袭击者扭打而他却逃走了.
(fig 比喻) work hard to overcome (a difficulty) 努力克服（困难）: He has been grappling with the problem for a long time. 他长期以来一直努力解决该问题.
# `grappling-iron n grapnel 多爪钩; 多爪锚.
Gratify / ?gr?t?fa?; ˋɡr?t??fa?/ v (pt, pp -fied) (fml 文)
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: gratifier, from Latin gratificare 'to make yourself pleasing', from gratus; GRATEFUL
[Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give pleasure or satisfaction to (sb) 使（某人）高兴或满意: I was most gratified at/by/with the outcome of the meeting. 我对会议的结果感到极其满意. * It gratified me to hear of your success. 获悉你取得成功我甚感欣慰. * I was gratified that they appreciated what I did for them. 使我感到欣慰的是, 我为他们做的事他们很领情.
[Tn] give (sb) what is desired; indulge 满足（某人）所欲; 纵容: gratify a person's whims 满足一人的奇想 * To gratify my curiosity, do tell me what it is. 为满足我的好奇心, 你一定得告诉我那是什麽.
> gratification / ?gr?t?f??ke??n; ?gr?t?f?ˋke??n/ n (fml 文)
1 [U] gratifying or being gratified; state of being pleased or satisfied 喜悦; 满意; 满足: the gratification of knowing one's plans have succeeded 得知计画实现後的喜悦 * sexual gratification 性满足.
2 [C] thing that gives one pleasure or satisfaction 令人高兴或满意的事物: one of the few gratifications of an otherwise boring job 枯燥的工作中少有的一项乐趣.
gratifying adj ~ (to do sth/that...) (fml 文) pleasing; satisfying 令人高兴的; 令人满意的: It is gratifying to see one's efforts rewarded. 看到自己的努力有所收获是令人高兴的. gratifyingly adv.
Humane / hju??me?n; hjuˋmen/ adj
having or showing sympathy, kindness and understanding 富於同情心的; 仁慈的; 能体谅人的: a humane person, act, penal system 富於同情心的人﹑ 古道热肠的行为﹑ 合乎人道的刑罚体系 * humane killing 动物无痛屠宰（法）.
[attrib 作定语] (dated fml 旧, 文) (of areas of learning) tending to civilize （指学科）促进文明或教化的: humane studies 人文学科. > humanely adv.
# ,humane `killer instrument for the painless killing of animals 无痛屠宰机（屠宰牲畜家禽等的）.
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
Imply/ ?m?pla?; ?mˋpla?/ v (pt, pp implied) [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: emplier, from Latin implicare; IMPLICATE]
[Tn, Tf] suggest (sth) indirectly rather than state it directly; hint 含有...的意思; 暗示; 暗指: His silence implied agreement. 他沉默不语意味着同意了. * implied criticism 暗含的批评 * I don't wish to imply that you are wrong. 我无意暗示你错了.
[Tn] suggest (sth) as a logical consequence; entail 必然包含（某事物）; 使（某事物）必然产生或有必要: Freedom does not necessarily imply responsibility. 自由不一定包含着责任. * The fact she was here implies a degree of interest.
她当时在场, 这一事实就意味着她有一定程度的兴趣. Cf 参看 .
Innate [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin;
Origin: , past participle of innasci, from nasci 'to be born'] / ??ne?t; ?ˋnet/ adj (of a quality, feeling, etc) in one's nature; possessed from birth （指特质﹑ 感情等）天生的, 先天的, 固有的, 天赋的: innate ability, beauty, etc 天生的才能﹑ 丽质等 * an innate desire 固有的慾望. > innately adv naturally 自然地; 天然地; 天生地: innately honest 天生诚实
Invisible / ?n?v?z?bl; ?nˋv?z?bl/ adj
~ (to sb/sth) that cannot be seen; not visible 看不见的; 不可见的
: distant stars that are invisible to the naked eye, ie that cannot be seen except with a telescope or binoculars 肉眼看不到的遥远的星球.
[usu attrib 通常作定语] (commerce 商) in the form of services (eg banking, insurance, tourism, etc) rather than goods or raw materials 服务业形式的（如银行﹑ 保险﹑
旅游等）; 非贸易的; 无形的: invisible exports/trade 无形输出[贸易]. > invisibility / ?n?v?z??b?l?t?; ??nv?z?ˋb?l?t?/ n [U]. invisibly / ?n?v?z?bl?; ?nˋv?z?bl?/ adv.
# in,visible `ink ink which, when used for writing, cannot be seen until specially treated, eg by heat 隐形墨水（需经特殊处理方可显现字迹, 如加热）.
in,visible `mending repair of woven materials, etc by interweaving threads so that the repair is hardly noticeable 织补.
Irreversible ir·re·ver·si·ble /??r??v??s?b?l US -??r-/ adj
irreversible damage, change etc is so serious or so great that you cannot change something back to how it was before
≠
Fossil fuels have caused irreversible damage to the environment.
if an illness or bad physical condition is irreversible, it will continue to exist and cannot be cured
Miller is in an irreversible coma.
irreversible blindness
>irreversibly adv
His reputation was irreversibly damaged by the affair.
Irritate / ??r?te?t; ˋ?r??tet/ v [Tn]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of irritare 'to cause strong feelings in, excite'] make (sb) angry, annoyed or impatient 使（某人）愤怒﹑ 烦恼或急躁: irritated by/at the delay 受耽搁而恼怒 * It irritates me to have to shout to be heard. 我得大嚷大叫别人才能听见, 我为此十分不快.
(a) (biology 生) cause discomfort to (a part of the body) 使（身体某部）不适; 刺激: Acid irritates the stomach lining. 酸能刺激胃黏膜. (b) make sore or inflamed 使疼痛或发炎: The smoke irritates my eyes. 烟熏得我眼睛发痛. > irritation / ??r??te??n; ??r?ˋte??n/ n (a) [U] irritating or being irritated 愤怒; 烦恼; 急躁; 刺激; 疼痛; 发炎 . (b) [C] instance of this 愤怒; 烦恼; 急躁; 刺激; 疼痛; 发炎.
Mingle [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: meng 'to mix' (11-19 centuries), from Old English mengan] (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ with
二笔足球 二笔必备单词(具体解说)
sth/~ (together) form a mixture with sth; combine 与某物混合; 结合: The waters of the two rivers mingled (together) to form one river. 两条河汇合成一条. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A with B/~ A and B (together) mix one thing with another; combine things together 将一物与另一物混合; 将事物结合一起: truth mingled with falsehood 搀杂虚假成分的事实 * The priest mingled the water with the wine. 牧师在水中兑上酒. * He mingled the water and wine (together). 他把水和酒混在一起了.
[I, Ipr, Ip] ~ with sb/sth; ~ (together) go about among sb/sth; associate with sb/sth 混进某些人[某事物]中; 与某人[某事物]交往或联系: Security men mingled with the crowd. 保安人员混杂在人群中.
Multiply [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: multiplier, from Latin multiplicare, from multiplex; MULTIPLEX] [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A by B/~ A and B (together) add a number to itself a particular number of times 乘: children learning to multiply and divide 学习乘法和除法的儿童 * 2 and 3 multiply to make 6, ie 2 x 3 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6. 2和3相乘得6. * 2 multiplied by 4 makes 8, ie 2 x 4 = 8. 2乘以4得8. * One can make 12 by multiplying 2 and 6 (together) or 4 and 3 (together), ie 12 = 2 x 6 or 4 x 3. 以2﹑ 6或4﹑ 3相乘可得12.
[I, Tn] increase (sth) in number or quantity 增多, 增加（某事物）: Our problems have multiplied since last year. 自去年以来我们的问题增多了. * Buy lots of raffle tickets and multiply your chances of success. 多买彩票, 增加你中奖的机会.
[I, Tn] (biology 生) (cause sb/sth to) produce large numbers of offspring by procreation, fertilization, etc （使某人[某物]）繁殖, 增殖: Rabbits multiply rapidly. 兔子繁殖得很快. * It is possible to multiply bacteria and other living organisms in the laboratory. 在实验室能够繁殖细菌和其他生物.
Predominant / pr??d?m?n?nt; pr?ˋdɑm?n?nt/ adj
having more power or influence than others 有势力的; 占优势的: Which country is the predominant member of the alliance? 哪个国家在联盟中居於支配地位? * The Socialists were predominant in the last Parliament. 在上届国会中社会党人占优势.
most noticeable; prevailing 极其显着的; 盛行的: Her predominant characteristic is honesty. 她最为突出的特点是诚实.
> predominance / -?ns; -?ns/ n
1 [U, sing] ~ (of sth) state of being greater in strength, numbers, etc （力量﹑ 数量等的）优势: the predominance of blue in the colour scheme 在色彩设计中以蓝色为主 * There is a predominance of men in the club. 该俱乐部男人居多.
2 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) state of being more powerful or influential (than sb/sth) 主导或支配（他人[他事物]）的地位: The policy is designed to prevent the predominance of one group over another. 该政策旨在防止一些人压制另一些人. predominantly adv for the most part; mainly 大多; 主要地: a predominantly English-speaking population 以操英语者为主的居民.
Prerequisite / ?pri??rekw?z?t; priˋr?kw?z?t/ adj ~ (for/to sth) (infml 口) required as a condition (for sth) 必备的; 作为先决条件的: A degree is prerequisite for employment at this level. 必须具备大专院校的学位才能从事这一级的工作. * A sense of humour is prerequisite to understanding her work. 要理解她的作品就必须具有幽默感.
> prerequisite (also pre-condition) n ~ (for/of sth) thing required as a condition for sth to happen or exist 必备条件; 先决条件; 前提: Careful study of the market is a prerequisite for success. 仔细研究市场情况是取得成功的先决条件. * Good muscles are one of the prerequisites of physical fitness. 肌肉发达是身体健康的一个必备条件.
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巧用快速抠图工具，一键抠图无烦恼！新手必备五 : 网申必知关键词
网申简单说就是大公司从成千上万的申请者中寻找出他们中意的人。举个例子，如果有1000人申请一个职位，首先代理企业网申的招聘网站会根据一些硬性指标，例如：学历、英语能力等删掉将近一半甚至是80%的申请者，然后根据不同的成绩、学历、工作经历、奖学金、学生工作经历等，给剩下的200个人打分。因此，一些网审中常用的关键词、企业的指标和招聘准则不可不知。 学校：重点大学，即211工程学校，多数知名公司及职业中介机构以全国名牌大学作为衡量申请者的重要标准。61阅读| 精彩专题| 最新文章| 热门文章| 苏ICP备13036349号-1