一 : 托福语法暑假班完整word 02

倒装

部分倒装：

1. only在句首

Only in the past few years has the technology improved enough for the prices to drop sufficiently to make them commercially viable.

只有在过去的几年里这项技术才得到提高，足以把价格降到在商业上可行的水平。

2. Never

Never before has the planet’s linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace.

地球上的语言多样性从未以这样的速度减少过。

Not only with doctors or lawyers is the required role behavior s oconstrained that if you are in that role for long it eventually becomes part of you, part of your personality.

必需的角色行为具有明显的强制性，这不仅体现在律师和医生身上，如果你长期担任此角色，那么它最终也将成为你的一部分，你个性的一部分。

3. so, as 在句首

As the number of Japanese tourists traveling abroad has grown, so has Australia’s share of the Japanese tourist market.

随着日本出国旅游人数的增长，澳大利亚所占日本人出境旅游市场的份额也得到增长。

In the broadest sense, just as archaeology is an aspect of anthropology, so too is it a part of history.

从最广泛的意义上讲，就像考古学是人类学的一个方面一样，它也是历史的一部分。

4. so…that

So ordinary and routine has this become to us that it takes a determined leap of the imagination to grasp the impact of those first moving

images.

这对我们而言非常平常和普通，需要想象力的坚定飞跃才能理解这些第一批动感图像所产生的影响。

状语从句

1. 时间状语从句

When there is a thunderstorm brewing, some people complain of the air being “heavy” and of feeling irritable, moody and on edge.

暴风雨即将来临的时候，一些人抱怨“闷得慌”、脾气急躁、情绪化而且感觉自己马上就要崩溃了。

The problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75.

在1982年，医生们认为65岁的人所患属于正常的疾病现在往往直到70或75岁才会出现。

Their performance was impaired as soon as they were put into the cold water.

他们一进入冷水中，表现就会受到影响。

2. 地点状语从句

Where the route runs along the road, walkers should keep to one side in single file, facing oncoming traffic at all times.

在路线与车道重合的地方，面对迎面开来的车辆，行走队伍要一直靠一边成单行行走。

3. 条件状语从句

I believe engaging in paid work is acceptable if the conditions are safe, the hours are reasonable and the wages are fair.

我认为，如果工作条件安全，工作时间合理，薪酬公平，参与有偿劳动是可以接受的。

Suppose white wre black, you might be right.

假如白的就是黑的，那么也许你就是对的。

You are eligible for a student loan provided you start your course before your 50 birthday.

如果入学时年龄未满50岁，你就有资格获得学生贷款。

I will lend you my computer on condition that you keep it in good shape.

如果你能保管好我的电脑，我就借给你。

4. 原因状语从句

Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous.

由于已经修建了穿山隧道，隘口不那么危险了。

The writer Arthur dubbed it the luxury reflex: “unique in that it serves no apparent biological purpose”.

作家亚瑟把它称为奢侈的反映：“它独一无二，因为他并不满足明显的生物学目的”。

th

Seeing that it seems as if it will rain soon, we had better leave now.

好像很快就要下雨了，我们最好现在就走。

5．让步状语从句

Although the lives of the Siriono have changed in the intervening decades, the images of them as Stone Age relics has endured.

虽然在过去的数十年间，西丽奥人的生活已有所变化，但是作为石器时代遗物的形象却仍保留至今。

Notwithstanding there was need for haste, he still delayed.

尽管事情刻不容缓，但他还是拖延。

定语从句

1. 修饰名词

One of the obvious problems is the heavy snow which blocks the mountain passes.

明显的问题之一就是大雪阻断了山口。

I’ve got a fridge and a stoereo system which I’ve just brought from a friend.

我有一个冰箱和一套立体声音响，是刚从一位朋友那里买的。

2. 修饰代词

The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly.

濒危的语言是那些只有老人在说的语言。

3. 限定性定语从句

This deploma course is available only to those who already hold a degree in psychology.

这个证书课程只提供给已经拥有心理学学位的人员。

The feature which makes fireflies and glow-worms so appealing is their ability to produce an often dazzling display of light.

萤火虫之所以如此吸引人是因为它们常常能够发出耀眼的光芒。

4. 非限定性从句

The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away.

著名的圣伯纳的修道院位于越一英里远的地方，是在十一世纪建造的。

引导词引导的定语从句

我想跟你谈谈一位特殊的老师，他对我的教育产生了重大影响。 longer.

工业化国家的这项指标从8.3上升到10.2元，这表明工业化国家的受教育年限明显加长了。

约翰逊当时是诗人兼批评家，他能够把常识升华到天才的高度。

他还有六个助手，可是其中有两人在词典的编纂过程中就去世了。 对于那些工作安稳的人来说，加薪几乎是不可能的。

这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。 在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里你可以坐下来喝茶，也可以观看京剧表演。 发生这种变化的主要原因之一就是电视的影响力增大了。

名词性从句

1. 主语从句

It is often important that you make it clear what your particular role is at a given time.

在一个特定阶段，你要搞清楚你的特殊角色是什么，这一点往往非常重要。

What are utilitarian objects to a Westerner may be prized objects in other cluture.

对西方人来说是功利主义的东西，在其他文化背景中却可能是珍藏品。

It is a mass extinction, and whether we will ever rebound from the loss is difficult to know.

这是一种大规模的灭绝，我们能否挽回这种局面现在很难知道。

How long the course takes is up to you.

课程花费多长时间取决于你自己。

2. 表语从句

The biggest change in education in China is that it has become more available to more people.

中国教育的最大变化就是，已经有更多的人可以接受教育。

The newspaper returned a profit. This was partly because advertising space was bought in the paper by large department stores.

报纸获得了收益，部分原因在于报纸上的广告版面出售给了大百货商店。

The critical question now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception.

当前关键的问题是这种做法能否成为标准，而不是一种例外。

3. 宾语从句

I argue that international sporting occasions such as the Olympics and the World Cup can be very effective in easing international tensions. 我同意如奥运会和世界杯足球赛之类的体育赛事对缓解国际间的紧张局势非常有效。

We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.

我们不得不十分严峻地问一问自己，威力日益增强的知识，如果仍然这样不明辨是非地继续应用下去，将会产生什么后果。

A simple analogy can help us to understand how a rocket operates.

一个简单的类比将有助于我们理解火箭是如何运作的。

4. 同位语从句

There is mounting evudence that learning a language produces psychological changes in the brain.

有越来越多的证据表明，学一种语言会使大脑产生心理变化。

There is some likelihood that all accountants will be alike or that all blondes are similar.

有这样的可能，所有会计人员将趋于雷同，或全部的金发碧眼女郎都彼此相似。

There is no doubt that “crimes against the person” rise in the summer, when the weather is hotter and fall in the winter, when the weather is colder.

无疑，“非犯罪人本意的犯罪现象”在天气较为炎热的夏天会上升，在天气较为寒冷的冬季则会下降。

例句：

1. If I had enough money, I would run a company of my own.

仿句：

1. If I ___ rearrange the alphabet, I ___ put U and I together.

2. I have often thought it ___ __ a blessing if each human being ___ stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.

Darkness ___ make him more appreciative of sight; silence ___ teach him the joys of sound.

3. If I ___ the president of a university I ___ establish a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”. The professor ___ try to show his pupils

how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them.

如果我是一名大学校长的话，我会开设一门“如何用眼”的必修课。教授应该让学生们知道因为他们能够真正看到眼前所发生的一切，这给他们的生活增添了多大的乐趣啊。

例句

1. You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.

仿句：

1. If you ___ ___ Wealth or Success, the other two of us ___ ___ ___ out, but since you invited Love, wherever he goes, we go with him.

Wherever there is Love, there is also Wealth and Success.

你刚才若是邀请了“财富”或是“成功”两人，那我们其他两人就会留在外面。但是既然你已经邀请了“爱”，那么他去哪儿，我们也跟着去哪儿，因为只要有爱，就会有财富和成功。

2. 如果早点给这些花浇水，他们就会在花园中盛开了。

3. It would have been just as satisfactory if I ___ at home. I learned nothing in class.

A: had stayed

B: stayed

C: was staying

D: would stay

例句：

1. If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car.

仿写：

1. 如果他来了，你怎样告诉他这件事情？

2. Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize

sharply the values of life.

混合时间虚拟句：

前面介绍的三种基本形态的虚拟语气，其if 从句中谓语动词表示的动作和主句谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间是一致的，即同是现在，过去和将来。

可是当二者动作发生的时间不一致时，要根据实际情况作适当的调整。

常见的混合时间是：从句表示过去，主句表示现在。

1. 如果他们早先在股市投资的话，他们现在就很富裕了。

If they had invited in that stock, ______________________

2. 如果我以前在学校学习英语的话，我现在就可以看英文小说了。

3. 听力原文：

W: what an accident! If you had been careful, things would not be as they are.

M: what do you mean, it was my fault? If it were, surely I would take all responsibility for it.

倒装虚拟句：

当if条件句中有助动词should, had 或 were 时，可以省去if, 而将should, had 或were 置于句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句，意义不变。

1. If he had not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company.

2. If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car.

3. If you should change your mind, no one would blame you.

4. ___ to the doctor right away, he might be alive today.

A: if he went

B: had he gone

C: were he gone

D: should he have gone

5.____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

A: Had they arrived

B: Were they arriving

C: Would they arrive D: Were they to arrive

含蓄虚拟句：

前面出现的虚拟句，都含有虚拟的条件句。含蓄虚拟句是指没有完整的条件从句，但是在上下文隐含了虚拟条件的意味。

1） 介词或介词短语

1. 当时若没有你，我会咋办呢？

2. Before liberation, such floods would have caused terrible disaster.

3. But for their help, I would not have finished the task.

If it had not been for their help, I would not have finished the task.

4. Without your help, we ___ so much.

A: will not achieve

B: don’t achieve

C: didn’t achieve

D: would not have achieved

2）分词短语

1. Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.

2. The same thing, happening in wartime, would amount to disaster.

3) 通过上下文来判断

A: have you done anything online that you wouldn’t have done in person?

B: yes, obviously people are bolder and more outgoing on the Internet when they don’t have to deal with the consequences of their actions. 跳层虚拟句：

这类句子一般分成两部分，两部分在语气上截然相反，一部分虚拟，另一部分不虚拟，用的是陈述语气，用来陈述一个事实。他们之间有but, or, or else, otherwise来连接。

He would put on weight, but he ____ eat much.

In other words, If he ate much, he would put on weight.

▲ I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, but I ___ fully occupied the whole of last week.

A: were

B: had been

C: have been

D: was

▲ some women ___ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake fo the family.

A: must make

B: should have made

C: would make

D: could have made

从上面我们可以总结：

托福语法暑假班完整word 02_托福暑假班

⊙ ___+____ __, but＋__＋________

→→→表示对现在的虚拟。

⊙ ___＋__ __ __, but +___+___________

→→→表示对过去的虚拟。

★ 陈述句+or else + 虚拟句

主语+一般现在时谓语形式，or +主语+would do

→→→表示对____的虚拟。

主语+一般过去时谓语形式，or+主语+would have done

→→→表示对____的虚拟。

We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ___ him.

A: would have telephoned

B: must have telephoned

C: would telephoned

D: had telephoned

名词从句虚拟句

名词从句中要含有特定的“标志词”，这些标志词可用来指愿望、建议、命令、请求等。

名词性虚拟句位于变化形式只有一条规律，那就是：名词从句虚拟句无论主句的动词是什么形式，从句谓语形式都是：_________________ 例句:

I suggest that we ____ __ tomorrow.

I suggested that we ____ __ the next day.

▲ 在下列句的宾语从句中，从句用(should) + do

Ask(要求)，advise, beg, command, demand, decide, deserve, desire, insist, order, recommend, request, suggest,等。

The Chinese government and people have demanded that the US government shoulder all the responsibilities for the incident, apologize to the Chinese side and take effective measures to prevent the recurrence of such incidents.

The instructions ask that we ___ more than three once.

A: not to take

B: not take

C: won’t take

D: wouldn’t take

其它虚拟形式：

1.

2) 对过去发生的事情表示遗憾，后悔。从句谓语动词用过去完成时（had done）或would\could +现在完成时，指从句谓语动词表示的动作发生在主句谓语所表示的动作之前。

I wish I ___ with you to the concert last night.

A: could have gone

B: went

C: could go

D: have gone

3）对将来发生的事情表示祝愿，从句谓语动词用would\could+动词原形，指从句谓语动词表示的动作可能发生在主句谓语所表示的动作之后。

6

在wish 后的宾语从句中 1) 对现在表示的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时。

2. 在if only 感叹句中

用法和wish 基本相同，只是感情色彩更加的浓厚。

翻译成“但愿”“要是…就好了”

Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ___ your advice.

A: follow

B: had followed

C: would follow

D: have followed

3. 在as if\ as though中

1 表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语用过去时。

注意：

如果从句中的情景是根据现在迹象做出的推测，有可能发生，则用陈述语气。

虚拟语气

1. 和现在相反

If I could change something, I would really like to have fewer classes.

假如我可以改变什么，我的确希望少上一些课。

“If we applied the Russian training model to some of the outstanding runners we have in this country,” Yessis asserts, “they would be breaking records left and right.”

“如果我们把俄罗斯的训练模式用到我们的优秀运动员身上，”Yessis断言，“他们就会接二连三地打破记录。”

2. 和过去相反

If clectronic computers had not been invented, many problems on space flight could not have been solved.

如果没有发明电子计算机，许多关于宇宙飞行的问题就不可能得到解决。

If it had not been for 如果当时没有，要不是因为

If it had not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much in our work.

要不是你的帮助，我们就不会在工作中取得这麽多成绩。

3. 和未来相反

If we were to do it again we’d probably hire donkeys along the way.

省略条件从句的虚拟

Without the beetles to dispose the dung, cow pats would litter pastures making grass inedible to cattle and depriving the soil of sunlight. 如果没有甲壳虫对畜粪加以处理，牛粪堆会散落到牧场的各处，致使牧草不宜为牛群食用，土壤也得不到阳光的照射。

错综时间虚拟

从句动词用：had+done, 主句用would(c,m,s)+ be+动词原形

Do you think the event would be just as memorable if you hadn’t won?

If the trends apparent in the United States 14 years ago had continued, researchers calculate there would be an additional one million disabled elderly people in today’s population.

如果14年前在美国显而易见的趋势继续发展，研究人员预测，在现在的人口中，将会多出一百万残疾的老年人。

7

二 : 暑假托管班

　　一听说今年暑假要去托管，我立刻皱起了眉头。

　　早晨，爸爸、妈妈送我到托管学校，印入我眼帘是“薛老师酷学吧”六个字。第一节是作文课，虽然要一个半小时，但我感觉一点也不累。下课了，一向内向的我竟然情不自禁地交了一个3年级的朋友。

　　“你叫什么名字？”我问着，把双手搭在他的肩上。

　　“……，我叫陈展。”他轻轻地说。看样子他也是个内向的人。

　　于是我们便一起吃饭，一起玩，一起谈些网络游戏。

　　下午我要上新概念英语和书法课。在新概念英语的课堂里又认识了两个新朋友，他们是龙凤双胞胎徐逸格、徐逸桐。

　　我渐渐开始喜欢上这个酷学吧，每次中午吃好饭，大家都去床上睡觉。只有我们几个在走廊上嬉戏，不仅学校里有“打僵尸”，那里也有，一玩我们就能玩三个小时而且声音超大，所以我们经常被老师说太吵。

　　不仅仅是因为我交了许多朋友而喜欢这里，也是因为这里的饭菜。

　　大家都说我挑食，不吃饭。可我在酷学吧里天天吃的连一粒米都不剩。

　　我想：“这个托管可真是一个劳逸结合的好地方！下个寒假我还来这儿！”

 

    温州广场路小学四年级:林子宁

三 : 2014暑托班

（1）按年龄分班管理，每个班级15人左右，培养学生良好的学习和生活习惯。(www.61k.com)（2）设置音标、拼音、作文、智力拓展、英语口语、外教课等多门幼少儿贴身课程。（2）正常的托管时间为周一~周五8：00—17：00。

（3）自带物品：学校暑假作业、文具、水杯、小被子、小枕头。

（4）午餐与点心：午餐由具有卫生许可的多年老店供应，均为现炒现做的。以自助形式进行，每人一套用具。点心为冷饮（或水果）和糕点（独立小包装）。

（5）暑托班第一期：7月3日－7月29日，第二期：7月30日－8月26日。

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