一 : 阅读下面一段文言文，完成1－6题。金人迫弁①仕刘豫，

阅读下面一段文言文，完成1－6题。 金人迫弁①仕刘豫，且怵之曰：“此南归之渐。”弁曰：“豫乃国贼，吾尝恨不食其肉，又忍北面臣之，吾有死耳。”金人怒，绝其饩遗以困之。弁固拒驿门，忍饥待尽，誓不为屈。金人亦感动，致礼如初。久之，复欲易其官，弁曰：“自古兵交，使在其间，言可从从之，不可从则囚之、杀之，何必易其官?吾官受之本朝，有死而已，誓不易以辱吾君也。”且移书耶律绍文等曰：“上国之威命朝以至，则使人夕以死，夕以至则朝以死。”又以书诀后使洪皓曰：“杀行人非细事，吾曹遭之，命也，要当舍生以全义尔。”乃具酒食，召被掠士夫饮，半酣，语之曰：“吾已得近郊某寺地，一旦毕命报国，诸公幸瘗②我其处，题其上曰：‘有宋通问副使朱公之墓’，于我幸矣。”众皆泣下，莫能仰视。弁谈笑自若，曰：“此臣子之常，诸君何悲也？”金人知其终不可屈，遂不复强。《宋史?朱弁传》 注：①弁：朱弁(1085～1144)，字少章，今江西婺源人，朱熹族叔祖。建炎中，以通问副使赴金，为金拘留。绍兴初，金人逼仕伪齐，誓死不屈，被留十六年始得归。②瘗：深埋入地。 1．下列句子中加点的词语的意义，与现代汉语相同的一项是 A．又忍北面臣之 B．金人亦感动 C．则使人夕以死 D．杀行人非细事 2．对下列句子中加点词的解释，正确的一项是 A．金人迫弁仕刘豫仕：学习 B．吾尝恨不食其肉恨：遗憾 C，金人亦感动，致礼如初致：表达 D．于我幸矣幸：宠幸 3．分别比较下列两组句子中加点的词的用法，判断正确的一项是 ①绝其饩遗以困之②誓不易以辱吾君也 ③久之，复欲易其官④吾曹遭之，命也 A．两个“以”字相同，两个“之”字不同。 B．两个“以”字不同，两个“之”字相同。 C．两个“以”字相同，两个“之”字也相同。D．两个“以”字不同，两个“之”字也不同。 4．下列各个句子在文中的意思，不正确的一项是 A．此南归之渐——这样你才有希望南归 B．复欲易其官——又想交换其他的官员 C．有死而已——只有一死罢了 D．又以书诀后使洪皓——又写信给后使洪皓诀别 5．以下句子分别编为四组，能够表现朱弁宁死不屈精神的一组是 ①固拒驿门，忍饥待尽②复欲易其官③誓不易以辱吾君也④要当舍生以全义矣乃具酒食，召被掠士夫饮 A．①②B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 6．下列叙述不符合原文意思的一项是 A．朱弁不肯与刘豫合作，不甘做刘豫手下的官员，主要原因是认为他们两人志不同，道不合，不足与谋。 B，朱弁忠贞爱国，面对敌人或“困之”或“易其官”这些软硬兼施之举，丝毫没有屈服动摇。 C．朱弁早已把生死置之度外，他具酒食，召被掠士夫饮，坦然交代身后事，进一步表明了他爱国的心志。 D．朱弁谢绝了众人的劝告，没有放弃死的念头，谈笑自若，反而不明白诸君悲痛什么。

题型：阅读理解与欣赏难度：偏易来源：不详

1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B ； 5．C； 6．D

1、B，思想感情受影响而激动，引起同情或向慕 A．古义：面北 C．古义：指出使之人，代“我”今义：令人，让人 D．古义：使者 2、A．做……官员 B．痛恨 D.满意 3、以：来，连词，表目的关系；之：音节助词／杀掉使者这件事，代词 4、略 5、略 6、众人没劝告他不要死，只是为他的精神感动及为他惋惜 参考译文： 金方逼迫朱弁做叛臣刘豫的官员，并且骗他说：“这样你才有希望南归。”朱弁说：“刘豫是我们的国贼，我曾经恨不能吃他的肉，又怎能做他的臣下?我只有死。”金人很生气，断绝了他的饮食来折磨他。朱弁坚守着驿门，忍受着饥饿等死，誓不屈服。金人也受了感动，对待他礼貌如初。后采时间长了，又想让他当官，朱弁说：“自古交兵，使者在他们中间，使者的话可以听从的就听从，不可以听从的就囚禁使者、杀掉使者，何必让他做官呢?我的官职是本朝任命的，现在只有死了，绝不会失节做金官来使我们国君受辱。”并且写信给耶律绍文等人说：“您国封我官的命令早晨来到，那么我就晚上死，晚上来到就早晨死。”又写信给后使洪皓诀别说：“杀掉使者不是小事，我们如果赶上，是命中注定的，我们应当舍生来全义。”于是就准备了酒菜，召集被扣留的士大夫喝酒，酒饮半酣，朱弁告诉他们说：“我已经看好近郊的一个墓地，一旦我牺牲报国，诸位请把我埋在那个地方，在上面写上‘有宋通问副使朱公之墓’，我就很满意了。”众人都流下了眼泪，不能抬起头来。朱弁谈笑自如，说：“这是做臣子的常情，诸位悲痛什么呢?”金人知道他终不可屈，于是也就不再强迫他了。

考点：

考点名称：文言文阅读文言文阅读：

“文言是指以先秦口语为基础而形成的上古汉语书面语言以及后来历代作家仿古的作品中的语言”。
文言文，也就是用文言写成的文章，即上古的文言作品以及历代模仿它的作品。文言文作为一种定型化的书面语言，沿用了两三千年，从先秦诸子、两汉辞赋、史传散文，到唐宋古文、明清八股……都属于文言文的范围。也就是说，文言文是中国古代的书面语言，是现代汉语的源头。　　
文言文在中学课本里的比重很大。要学好文言文，首先，在语言环境中理解字词，不断积累，熟练把握文言句式的应用，在熟读和背诵的基础上，能准确翻译课文，加深课文理解，要有意识的提高自己的文学鉴赏、评价能力。

文言文的考察：

文言文的考察在“难易程度上”应属于“易”的。通常考察以下几方面：
1.能正确地理解文言词语的含义。
2.能正确地将文言语句译成现代汉语。
3.能理解并归纳文章的主要内容。
4.能把握作者在文章中表达的思想感情，提高自己的欣赏品味。课内部分只要有针对性的去背就行了。

三种方法：

第一，引用原文句子回答；
第二，摘录原文关键的词语回答；
第三，用自己的话组织文字回答。
三种方法，采用第一、二种方法回答的准确率一般会比较高。　　　　　　　　　

准确理解词义、翻译句子基本原则：

是通过解释词语，理解句子的含义。

首先，必须准确把握文中实词和虚词的含义和用法。
掌握文言实词，主要从以下四个方面入手：
一词多义、古今异义（词义的扩大、词义的缩小、词义的转移、感情色彩的变化等）、通假字、词类的活用（名词的活用、动词的活用、形容词的活用、使动用法、意动用法等）。
虚词着重掌握的有：之、其、而、以、于、则、乃、也、者、乎、然、焉、何、夫、尔等，其中出现频率高更应重点掌握的是：之、其、而、以、于五个。

其次，要了解文言文中常见的句式及其特点。
掌握文言文中有别于现代汉语的特殊句式，是文言文阅读所必需的能力。
文言文中常见的句式有：
判断句（多用“者”、“也”、“……者……也”、“……者也……”；
用“非”、“乃”、“悉”、“为”、“则”等，表示某种肯定或否定的判断；
也有用“是”表判断的）、省略句（省略主语、省略谓语、省略宾语、省略介词或介宾短语）、倒装句（谓语前置、宾语前置、定语后置、状语后置）、被动句（借助于被动词，如“被”、“于”、“为……所……”表示被动；不借助被动词，而在句子意念上表示被动）。
第三，要掌握文言翻译的原则、方法和步骤。
翻译文言句子是考试的难点，也是重点。文言翻译的原则是：信（准确、忠实于原文、不歪曲、不遗漏、不随意增减意思。）、达（表意明确、语言通畅）、雅（简明、优美、有文采）。

文言翻译最基本的方法:

1、留：留就是保留。凡是古今意义相同的词，以及古代的人名、地名、物名、书名、官名、国号、年号、度量衡单位、古代专有名词等，翻译时可保留不变。
2、补：补出省略成分。
3、删：删去不译的词语。文言中凡是无实在意义，只表语气、停顿、补足音节和舒缓语气等的虚词，都可略去。
4、换：替换。用现代词汇替换相应的古代词汇。
5、调：调整倒装句句序，按现代汉语习惯句式将其调整过来。
除了掌握以上的原则和方法，翻译时还必须有步骤：解词——串意——顺句。注：直译即逐字逐字地译。意译即译出大意即可。文言文翻译以直译为主，意译为辅。遇到比喻、借代、引申，直译不通时，用意译。

文言文阅读方法：

一、快速浏览

题目课外文言文阅读试题有个特点：有的题目选项出示了文中某些关键字词的意思，有的题目则提示了文言文的主要内容。
浏览题目有助于同学们初步了解文言文的大致意思。所以，接到课外文言文阅读文段，首先应该快速浏览文段后的题目。

二、仔细分析标题

一般而言，课外文言文阅读文段都会给出标题。
学生应留意并仔细分析文段的标题。因为大部分标题本身就概括了文言文的主要内容。例如，在一次测试中考了一个“楚人学舟”的课外文言文阅读文段。这个主谓结构的标题概括了文段的主要内容，我们看了标题就知道文段的主要内容了。
总之，仔细分析文段的标题，可使我们快速理解文言文的主要内容。

三、结合注释

速读全文课外文言文阅读文段，对于一些难懂的文言字词一般都会给出注释。
这些注释有助于同学们准确理解文言文的主要内容。所以，教师应提醒学生千万别忽略这些注释，而应结合注释速读全文。
遇到个别疑难词句像“绊脚石”一样横在途中，我们就要联系上下文认真推敲，可用猜想的方法来解决。实在解决不了的，千万别停下来苦苦思索，而应继续阅读。总之，速读全文，不求完全读懂，能明白文章的大致意思就可以了。

四、“对症下药”

解答问题课外文言文阅读问题设计有三种类型，即词语解释题、句子翻译题和内容理解题。
对于不同的题目则采用不同的解题方法：
（1）词语解释题。
这类题目多数是考查文言实词中一词多义的现象，而这些文言实词基本上都是同学们在课内文言文中学习过的。解题时，应先套用我们学习过的文言实词的意思，再联系上下文检验，经检验意思通顺，则为正确答案。
（2）句子翻译题。
翻译句子要解释出关键的字词的意思，应该在直译的基础上意译。需要注意以下几个问题：一是年号、人名、地名、官名、物名、书名、国名等专有名词保留原样，不用翻译。例如：“庆历（年号）四年春，滕子京（人名）谪守巴陵郡（地名）”。
可把这个句子译为：庆历四年的春天，滕子京被贬了官，做了巴陵郡的太守。二是句子中没有实际意义的词语应删去。例如：“陈胜者，阳城人也”，“者……也”表判断，无义，应删去，可把这个句子译为：陈胜是阳城人。三是文言文中有些特殊句式（如主谓倒装、宾语前置、状语后置等倒装句）和现代汉语的语序不一样，翻译时要作适当的调整。例如：“甚矣，汝之不惠（主谓倒装）！”可把这个句子译为：你也太不聪明了。四是所翻译的句子若是省略句，则要把省略了的成分增补出来。例如：“乃丹书帛曰‘陈胜王’（省略主语）。”可把这个句子译为：他们（主语）就用朱砂在绸子上写上‘陈胜王’三个字。
（3）内容理解题。
一般来说，作者通过短小的文言语段，记叙一件事，表达一个中心或一种哲理。所以我们了解了全文的内容后，还要进一步思考作者蕴藏在文章里的写作意图。有时作者将主旨蕴藏在叙事的整个过程中，我们就要思考事件的含意；有时作者在文章的结尾时发表议论，直抒胸臆，以此来揭示文章的中心，我们也要倍加注意。如范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》，作者将自己的写作意图蕴藏在叙事和写景中，直到文尾，才卒章显旨，赞颂了古仁人“不以物喜，不以己悲”旷达胸襟，勉励自己和朋友以天下为己任，抒发了作者“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的政治抱负。

二 : 雅思阅读T/F/NG模拟试题(2)

    practice 2

    almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate, namely, the information superhighway, best exemplified by the ubiquitous internet. already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the `net', in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost anyone who pays a phone bill. in fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links. it remains to seen in which direction the information superhighway is headed, but many believeit is the educational hope of the future.

    the world wide web, an enormous collection of internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in interest in the internet in the 1990s. before the world wide web, the `net' was comparable to an integrated collection of computerized typewriters, but the introduction of the `web' in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs, images and even video.

    a web site consists of a `home page', the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related `pages'(or screens) at the site and on thousands of other computers all over the world. this is achieved by a process called `hypertext'. by clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the `net' can go traveling, or surfing' through a of the screen, a person connected to the `net' can go traveling, or `surfing' through a web of pages to locate whatever information is required.

    anyone can set up a site; promoting your club, your institution, your company's products or simply yourself, is what the web and the internet is all about. and what is more, information on the internet is not owned or controlled by any one organization. it is, perhaps, true to say that no one and therefore everyone owns the `net'. because of the relative freedom of access to information, the internet has often been criticised by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users. this perception has proved to be largely false however, and the vast majority of users both young and old get connected with the internet for the dual purposes for which it was intended - discovery and delight.

    true／false／not given

    1.everyone is aware of the information superhighway.2.using the internet costs the owner of a telephone extra money.3.internet computer connections are made by using telephone lines.4.the world wide web is a network of computerised typewriters.5.according to the author, the information superhighway may be the future hope of education.6.the process called`hypertext'requires the use of a mouse device.7.the internet was created in the 1990s.8.the `home page'is the first screen of a `web'site on the `net'.9.the media has often criticised the internet because it is dangerous.10. the latest technological revolution will change the way humans communicate.

    answer keys

    1.f 2.ng 3.t 4.f 5.t 6.t 7.f 8.t 9.f 10.t

三 : 雅思阅读T/F/NG模拟试题(1)

    true／false／not given exercises

    when was the last time you saw a frog? chances are, if you live in a city, you have not seen one for some time. even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom. all over the world, and even in remote parts of australia, frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise. are amphibians simply oversensitive to changes in the ecosystem? could it be that their rapid decline in numbers is signaling some coming environmental disaster for us all?　this frightening scenario is in part the consequence of a dramatic increase over the last quarter century in the development of once natural areas of wet marshland; home not only to frogs but to all manner of wildlife. however, as yet, there are no obvious reasons why certain frog species are disappearing from rainforests in australia that have barely been touched by human hand. the mystery is unsettling to say the least, for it is known that amphibian species are extremely sensitive to environmental variations in temperature and moisture levels. the danger is that planet earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological food chain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilent insects at manageable levels), but we might be increasing our output of air pollutants to levels that may have already become irreversible. frogs could be inadvertently warning us of a catastrophe.

    an example of a species of frog that, at far as is known, has become extinct, is the platypus frog. like the well-known australian mammal it was named after, it exhibited some very strange behaviour; instead of giving birth to tadpoles in the water, it raised its young within its stomach. the baby frogs were actually born from out of their mother's mouth. discovered in 1981, less than ten years later the frog had completely vanished from the crystal clear waters of booloumba creek near queensland's sunshine coast. unfortunately, this freak of nature is not the only frog species to have been lost in australia. since the 1970s, no less than eight others have suffered the same fate.?

    one theory that seems to fit the facts concerns the depletion of the ozone layer, a well documented phenomenon which has led to a sharp increase in ultraviolet radiation levels.the ozone layer is meant to shield the earth from uv rays, but increased radiation may be having a greater effect upon frog populations than previously believed. another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs.

    true／false／not given

    1.frogs are disappearing only from city areas.2.frogs and toads are usually poisonous.3.biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.4.the frogs' natural habitat is becoming more and more developed.5.attempts are being made to halt the development of wet marshland.6.frogs are important in the ecosystem because they control pests.7.the platypus frog became extinct by 1991.8.frogs usually give birth to their young in an underwater nest.9.eight frog species have become extinct so far in australia.10.there is convincing evidence that the ozone layer is being depleted.11.it is a fact that frogs' breeding cycles are upset by worldwide in creases in temperature.

    answer keys1.f 2.f 3.t 4.t 5.ng 6.t 7.t 8.ng 9.f 10.t 11.f

本文标题：文言文阅读题模拟题-阅读下面一段文言文，完成1－6题。金人迫弁①仕刘豫，
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