一 : 短暂动词与延续性动词

Keep secret

1.现在完成时的构成：have / has + 动词的过去分词

2.现在完成时的用法：

（1）表示某一动作或状态开始于过去并持续到现在现在。（此种用

法适用于延续性动词）

I have been in Nanyang for around 5 years.

我在南阳大约有五年了。

（2）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果（此种用法适用非延续性动词）。

I can’t go to see the movie now, because I have lost the ticket. 现在我看不成电影了，因为我把票弄丢了。

3.现在完成时的标志：just, already, yet, ever, never,

recently 近来 = in recent weeks (months, years)在最近的几周（月，年）里,nowadays, for + 一段时间，before (用于句子末尾); so far = up to now = till now; since + 过去某一具体时间点，since + 过去的一段时间 + ago， since + 一般过去时从句，ever since then = ever since = since then = since (自从那时起);in / over /during + the + past(last) + 一段时间。

Eg.

On January 11,1998, Dr. Kataria organized the first “World Laughter Day” celebration in Mumbai, India. It was a huge success. The date was later changed to the first Sunday in May and it has been celebrated every year since.

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4.现在完成时中的特殊用法：短暂动词的各种时态（包括现在完成时 在内）不能和时间段连用，当它需要与时间段连用时需转换为延续性 动词。注意：短暂动词若用于否定句则可与一段时间相连用。

I haven’t seen him for a long time. 我好久不见他了。

5.常见短暂动词转换成延续性动词的形式如下：

get lost --- be lost get / fall ill --- be ill get in touch with --- be/keep in touch with get to --- be in / at

get into --- be in get into trouble --- be in trouble

get out of --- be out of reach --- be in / at arrive at / in --- be at / in get up --- be up

get married to sb.---be married to sb.

marry sb. --- be married to sb.

fall in love with sb. --- be in love with sb.

fall asleep ---be asleep make friends --- be friends

buy/get/receive --- have go / come to --- be in / at

go out --- be out go there --- be there

go abroad --- be abroad go to sleep --- sleep

go to bed --- be in bed finish --- be over

go to school --- be a student, be at school

meet --- be together wake up --- be awake

get to know --- know begin --- be on

catch a cold --- have a cold borrow --- keep

die ---be dead leave --- be away (from)

Keep secret 第 3 页 2014-3-11 Only used by Yang Yiliu close --- be closed open --- be open

join --- be a member of / be in

join the Party --- be a Party member, be a member of the Party, be in the Party

join the army --- be a soldier, be in the army

become / get / fall + adj. or n. --- be + adj. or n.

become a teacher --- be a teacher

come back / get back / return --- be back

put on --- wear / be dressed in stand up --- stand

sit down --- sit lie down --- lie

graduate = leave school --- be away from school

Notice: 凡是含有become , fall, go, get, join 等的短语及其本身大都是短暂动词，它们的各种时态通常都不与一段时间相连用，把它们转化成延续性动词的方法一般是把含有这些词的短语变成含有连系动词动词be有关的短语。

6.三个特殊现在完成时短语的用法区别

have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地但现在已经回来，可以和次数相连用但不能和一段时间相连用。

She has been to Cuba many times. 他去过古巴好多次了。

have / has gone to 表示已经到某地去了，到现在还没有回来，它既

不能和次数相连用也不能和一段时间相连用。

I haven’t seen him for a long time. Where has he gone?

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Only used by Yang Yiliu 我好久不见他了。他到哪去了？

have / has been in 表示在某地，它不能和次数相连用但可以和一段

时间相连用。

She has been in Cuba for a long time. 她在古巴有好长一段时间了。

一、用since 或for 填空。（共15 分， 每小题1.5分 ）

1.His father has been dead ______ he was ten years old.

2.He has been away from the army ______ six years.

3.He has been in Beijing ______ 2003.

4.He has had a car ______ two months.

5.He has kept the book ______ the day before yesterday.

6.(1)Kate has had a new bike ______ two days.

(2)Kate has had a new bike ______ two days ago.

7.(1)Ann has kept in touch with Jane ______ seven years ago.

(2)Ann has kept in touch with Jane ______ seven years.

8.My uncle has been in the party ______ last year.

9.My uncle has been a member of the Party ______ one year.

10.It has been ten years ______ we met last time.

二、单项选择。（共60 分， 每小题2 分）

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1.Lucy and Lily ______ China for 5 years.

A.has been in B.have been in C.have been to D.have gone to

2.---Oh, you’re late again. The film ______ for twenty minutes.

---What a pity!

A.has begun B.began C.has been on D.have been on

3.I must go home now. I have been away from home ______.

A.since 9 o’clock B.for two hours ago

C.for 9 o’clock D.at 9 o’clock

4.---My grandpa ______ for seven years.

---I’m sorry to hear that.

A.died B.dead C.has been dead D.has died

5.---Mrs. Green, your hat looks nice. Is it new?

---No, I ______ it for two months.

A.have had B.have bought C.bought D.had

6.Mrs. King has ______ for over 3 years.

A.gone go to abroad B.been to abroad

C.gone abroad D.been abroad

7.You ______ my bike for two days. Could you please return it to me

soon?

A.have borrowed B.have lent C.have kept D.borrowed

8.---Do you know her well?

---Sure, we ______ friends since ten years ago.

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A.were B.have made C.have been D.have become

9.Maria ______ this pair of shoes for about six years. It’s too old to

wear.

A.has bought B.has had C.bought D.had

10.Uncle Chen ______ Shanghai for five years.

A.has gone to B.has gone to C.went D.has been in

11.I have a nice watch. I have had it ______ 2 months.

A.since B.in C.for D.after

12.The fisherman ______ at the bank of the river ______ 8 o’clock.

A.has been; for B.has come; at

C.has been; since D.came; since

13.Mr. Li _______ England. He ______ London for two weeks.

A.has been to; has been to B.has gone to; has been in

C.has been to; has been in D.has gone to; has been to

14.---How long have you _______ watch? It looks new.

---Only about three weeks.

A.had B.bought C.received D.borrowed

15.---The missing boy hasn’t been found yet?

---Yeah, he ______ since three months ago.

A.lost B.has been lost C.lost himself D.has lost himself

16.Mr. Li has ______ for a whole week.

A.got ill B.been ill C.gotten ill D.fallen ill

17.I have ______ in touch with my old friend, Li Ming for a number of

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years.

A.been B.kept C.A and B D.gotten

18.---Mr. Wilson ______ Wuhan International Airport for half an

hour.

---Hasn’t he? I must pick him up right now.

A.has gotten to B.has got to C.has been at D.has been in

19.---I have ______ the train station for two hours and a half.

---I’m so sorry for having you wait for so long.

A.reached B.arrived at C.been in D.been at

20.Have you ______ since the big fire happened?

A.gotten up B.been up C.got up D.get up

21.Ann has ______ married ______ Kris for over nine years.

A.gotten, to B.gotten, with C.been, to D.been, with

22.Ann has ______ in love ______ Kris for almost ten years.

A.been, with B.been, to C.fallen, to D.fallen, with

23.---Is your father still in Italy?

---No, he has ______ for about half a month.

A.come back B.got back C.returned D.been back

24.---How long have you ______ this new coat?

---For about three days.

A.put on B.been on C.putted on D.worn

25.I’m sorry for having you ______ here for so long.

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A.stand up B.to stand up C.stand D.to stand

26.Sheila has ______ on the sofa watching TV for four hours.

A.sitted B.sited C.sat down D.sat

27.Elliont has ______ on the bed for the whole morning.

A.lain B.lied C.lay down D.lied down

28.---I telephoned you last night. But no one answered.

---Oh, I ______ for the whole night.

A.were out B.went out C.have been out D.have gone out

29.---Have you met your uncle? I hear he is also in Nanjing.

---Yes. We ______ for nearly a week.

A.have met B.have together C.have been together D.met

30.---Where is Mr. Smith?

---He has ______ for half an hour.

A.gone to sleep B.been sleep C.gone sleeping D.slept

三、句型转换。（共 45 分， 每小题 3 分）

1.His grandfather has died. His grandfather ten

years.

2.The film has begun. 3.Wu Peng has joined the English club.

Wu Peng ____________ the English club for a month.

4.The factory opened 3 years ago.

The factory ____________ for 3 years.

5.The bookstore closed last month.

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The bookstore ______ since last month.

6.I borrowed the book three days ago.

I ____________ the book for 3 days.

7.The man fell asleep in class just now.

The man ________________ for 20 minutes.

8.Miss Wang came to our school last year.

Miss Wang ____________ our school for one year.

9.Bobby left our school at 8 o’clock.

Bobby _______________ our school since 8 o’clock.

10.I got to know the beautiful girl last month.

I ________________ the beautiful girl since last month.

11.Jim married Lucy two years ago.

Jim and Lucy ________________ since two years ago.

12.He came to Beijing in 2003.

He ______________ in Beijing _______ 2003.

13.Mrs. White’s son joined the army in 2008.

His son has ________________ since 2008.

14.I received Jim’s present three days ago.

I ____________ his present for three days.

15.I went to school about nine years ago.

I have ________________ for about nine years.

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参考答案

一、 since 2.for 3.since 4.for 5.since 6.for, since 7.since, for 8.since

9.for10.since

二、 1.B2.C3.A4.C5.A6.D7.C8.C9.B10.D

11.C12.C13.B14.A15.B16.B17.C18.C19.D20.B

21.C22.A23.D24.D25.C26.D27.A28.A29.C30.D

三、 1.has been dead 2.has been on

member of

4.has been open 5.has been closed

7.has been asleep 8.has been in

from

10.have known 11.have been married

since

13.been a soldier / been in the army

15.been a student / been at schoool

3.has been a 6.have kept 9.been away 12.has been; 14.have had

二 : 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。（www.61k.com］

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,如：for 2 years，for a long time; since从句, 如：since he came here; since+时间点名词, 如：since last year, since 5 days ago; how long等。

请看例句1.He has lived here for 6 years.

请看例句2.You can keep the book for 5 days.

请看例句3.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.

请看例句4.How long did you stay there last year?

请看例句5.My brother has joined the army for two years．（误）

My brother has been a soldier for two years .（正）

我哥哥自1999年就参军了。

请看例句6.My brother has joined the army since 1999．（误）

My brother has been a soldier since 1999 (正)

你哥哥参军多久了？

请看例句7.How long has your brother joined the army ？（误）

How long has your brother been a soldier ？ （正）

二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin(start), finish, come, go, move,

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

borrow, lend, buy等。（www.61k.com）

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;

请看例句He died 5 years ago.

否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。

请看例句1.I haven't left here for 3 years.

请看例句2.I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.

三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：

leave → be away离开;borrow → keep借;buy → have买;begin/start → be on开始/上演;die → be dead;finish ／end ／stop→ be over结束/完成;join → be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；open/close sth → keep sth open/closed；fall ill → be ill；get up → be up；catch ／get a cold → have a cold感冒；come here → be here；go there → be there；become → be成为；come back → be back；fall asleep → be asleep睡着；get to/ arrive/reach → be (in)；leave → be away from；get to know → know；go (get) out → be out；put on → wear；catch a cold →have a cold; go to school → be in school／be a student上学; go abroad → be abroad去国外; marry → be married（to）结婚; wake up → be awake 醒; make friends with → be friends with成为/交朋友; lose → be lost ／be missing ／be gone 丢失; lose one's job ／work → be out of work ／a job等。

请看例句1.The old man died 4 years ago.

→ The old man has been dead for 4 years.

→ It is 4 years since the old man died.

→ Four years has passed since the old man died.

请看例句2.He joined the Party 2 years ago.

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

→ He has been in the Party for 2 years.

→He has been a Party member for 2 years.

请看例句3. He joined the army 5 years ago.

→ He has been in the army for 5 years.

→ He has served in the army for 5 years.

→He has been a soldier for 5 years.

请看例句4.I bought the book 5 days ago.

→ I have had the book for 5 days.

练习：

1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.

A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away

2.I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

A. joined B. have joined C. have been in

3.The factory ________ since the February of 1988.

A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

4.Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.

A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become

5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.

A. be away B. leave C. be left

6.The meeting _______ for a week now.

A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over

7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.

A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught

8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .

A. has been B. has become C. was D. became

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

9. I ______ home for a week.

A. have returned B. have been back C. returned

10. How long _______ he ________ ?

A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead

11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept

12.He ________ the car for a week.

A. bought B. has bought C. has had

13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.

A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been

14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.

A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from

15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.

A. borrow B. keep C. take

16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.

A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been

17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?

A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on

18.He ________ foe 2 hours.

A. got up B. has got up C. has been up

19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.

A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had

20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.

A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep

21.---How long have you ________ the book? ---Two weeks.

A. bought B. lent C. had D. borrowed

22. ---Do you know him well?

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

---Sure, we________friends for ten years.

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

Key:

1---5 D C A B B; 6-- -10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D;21---22

C B

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

英语形容词的排列顺序

当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排列?这一直是一个比较复杂的问题，很多英语学习者发现难以找到适合自己的记忆方法。［www.61k.com）下面的口诀可否帮你记住这一先后顺序。

限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老； 颜色国籍跟材料， 功能类别往后排。 “限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如: both my hands、all half his income等。

“描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等。

“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。

“形状”的词如：narrow、round、square等。

“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词，如：British、Canadian、German等。

“材料”的词如：plastic、metal、wooden、woolen、stone、silk等。

“功能类别”的词如：writing desk、police car等。

当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。请多读以下例子增加语感：

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

我是一个身高体壮而又聪明的学生。[www.61k.com) 我穿一件短的蓝色绸缎外衣。 这家新开的购物中心真大，是吧？ 一个很贵的网球拍 一间大的砖造的会议室

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

这副钢和尼龙制造的网球拍真贵啊。（www.61k.com) 一间大的砖造的会议室 一个精巧的小小的泥娃娃 这有义大利制造的皮靴吗？ 我想要一双黑色义大利制造的皮靴。 妈妈，你能为我买一个新的绿色皮书包吗？ 我觉得你那个旧帆布书包还能用。 那个大大的绿色皮书包真棒啊！ 确实很棒。还有那件漂亮的紫色的丝质衣服也很棒。 那些漂亮的小小的古老的中国瓷花瓶怎么样？

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

分英语中的反意疑问句（2）

英语中的反意疑问句 (Tag Question)

在陈述句后面附加一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问，这种句子叫做反意疑问句，也称为附加疑问句，是一种常用的疑问形式。(www.61k.com)常用于征求对方的意见和看法，要求对方对自己的话语表示肯定或否定的回答。反意疑问句也可以表示问者的倾向，强调或反问。要注意的是要保持人称，时态和数的一致而且附加疑问部分通常用代词，而不用同陈述部分相应的名词。

一．附加疑问部分谓语是have(has/had),表示‘‘所有’’ 含义时，陈述部分如是肯定式，附加疑问部分谓语用‘‘haven’t(hasn’t/hadn’t)…? ’’或

‘‘don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)…? ’’; 陈述部分如是否定式，

‘‘haven’t(hasn’t/hadn’t)…’’时，附加疑问谓语只用‘‘have(has/had)…? ’’; 陈述部分如是否定式，‘‘don’t have(doesn’t have/didn’t have)…’’时，附加疑问部分谓语只用‘‘do(does/did)…? ’’。如：

1.He has a new TV set,hasn’t /doesn’t he ?

2.You haven’t a lot of time to spare, have you?

3.He had a story-book yesterday,hadn’t/didn’t he?

4.She didn’t have any money in her pocket, did she?

5.You don’t have any money in your pocket,do you?

注1:陈述部分谓语如带有助动词，附加疑问谓语也用相应的助动词，所以上面最后两句附加疑问部分谓语用助动词did/do,而不能用动词had/have。

注2:陈述部分的谓语动词‘‘have(has/had)’’不表示‘‘所有’’ 含义，而又不是助动词，附加疑问部分谓语只用‘‘do(does/did)…?’’。 如：

1.Kate has to work harder from now on,doesn’t she?

2.She often has headaches,doesn’t she?

3.You had a good time last night,didn’t you?

二．陈述部分为祈使句时，附加疑问部分一般用 will you，但有时用won’t you表示‘‘ 邀请’’之意,这种情况的附加疑问部分也用why don’t you构成。也有时用would you,can you,can’t you来表示‘‘告诉某人该做某事，请求某人该做某事，提醒某人该做某事’’。 如：

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

1. Please keep calm, will you?

2. Do as you were told , will you?

3. Be quiet,would you?（表示请求）

4. Give me a hand,can/can’t you? （表示请求）

5. Sit down,won’t you? （表示邀请）

6. Have some milk,won’t? （表示邀请）

7. Take a break, why don’t you? （表示邀请）

注1：此种情况在水平测试中，一般以will you为准。［www.61k.com]特别是在否定形式中，只能用will you。

如：

1.Don't forqet to get up early ,will you ?

2.Don’t do that,will you?

注2: 祈使句以let开头时，附加疑问部分应特别注意。Let’s所建议的活动指说话者与听话

者双方的行为，Let’s…意思即shall we …,附加疑问部分是shall we意思的重复;而Let us /Let me向听话者一方提出请求，是请你让我们/我做某事之意。Let us…意即may we…或will you let us…，附加疑问部分用may we或will you来表示重复。Let me…意即may I…或will you let me…，附加疑问部分用may I或will you来表示重复。 如：

1. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing,shall we?

2. Come on Mary, let’s dance,shall we?

3. Let us go to the cinema this afternoon, may we/will you ?

4. Let me say I’ll think it over,may I/will you?

三．陈述部分带有否定或半否定的副词或代词，如：none,scarecely,neither,no

one,few,seldom,never,hardly,rarely,little,nowhere,nothing或nobody等，附加疑问部分谓语用动词用肯定形式。如：

1． She never tells a lie ， does she ?

2．Few people went to meet him yesterday,did they?

3.She seldom goes to work late,does she?

5. Nothing was said,was it?

6. Tom hardly did his homework,did he?

7. He had no time for reading,did he?

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

注：带有否定意义的形容词，如：

unfair,invisible,undrinkable,unfit,useless,impolite,hopeless等，不属于带有否定或半否定的副词或代词，故后面的附加疑问部分要用否定形式。[www.61k.com］如：

1.That's unfair ,isn't it ?

2.They are unhappy,aren’t they?

3.The king is unfit for his office,isn’t he?

4.The water in the area is undrinkable,isn’t it?

四．陈述部分如果是主从复合句时，附加疑问部分谓语动词根据主句的谓语动词而定; 陈述

部分如果是并列复合句时，附加疑问部分谓语动词根据后句的谓语动词而定。如：

1.It is not colder than it was yesterday ，is it ?

2.He told her Mrs. Smith wasn’t going to the meeting, didn’t he?

3. You were in the farm when I saw you last night, weren’t you?

4.He says that I did it, doesn’t he?

5.John isn’t a diligent student, for it is the third time he has been late,is he?

6.It is the second time that Mary has been to China,isn’t it?

7.Time is up and let’s begin our meeting, shall we?

注：think,suppose,expect,feel,hear,guess,imagine,be sure或believe引导的宾语从句，主句中主语是第一人称时，附加疑问部分谓语动词根据从句的谓语动词而定。如：

1．I don't think there is much tea in the cup , is there ?

2.I suppose that he is serious,isn’t he?

3.I don’t feel he can do it any longer,can he?

4.I am not sure you will help him,will you?

5.I believe he has come, hasn’t he?

五．陈述部分主语是合成不定代词everybody,everyone,someone,somebody,nobody等时，附加疑问部分中的主语常用they,有时也用he;陈述部分主语是合成不定代词

something,anything,nothing,everything等时，附加疑问部分中的主语常用it。如：

1.Everybody has arrived , hasn't he ?

2.Nobody phoned while I was out, did he?

3.Somebody borrowed my dictionary yesterday,didn’t he?

4.Everyone knows how to do it,don’t they?

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

5.Everybody is here today,aren’t they?

6.Everthing is ready ,isn't it ?

7.Nothing will make him give in,will it?

六．当陈述部分的谓语动词含有助动词had better, would rather,would like时，附加疑问部分要重复助动词had 或would。[www.61k.com] 如：

1． She’d like to go there by plane,wouldn’t she?

2． You’d better stop at the next place we see, hadn’t you?

3． You’d rather not do it,would you?

七．当陈述部分的谓语动词含有I wish时，附加疑问部分谓语动词要用may I，而且一般都用肯定式。如：

1．I wish go home now ， may I ?

2．I wish to shake hands with you,may I?

八．当陈述部分的谓语动词含有情态动词表示‘推测意义时，附加疑问部分根据陈述部分中后面的不定式结构而定。如：

1． He must be very tired ，isn't he ?=I am sure he is tired,isn’t he?

2.Your parents must be in the kitchen,aren’t they?=I am sure your parents are in the kitchen, aren’t they?

3.You must have seen the movie last month ,didn’t you?=I am sure you saw the film last night,didn’t you?

4.He must have waited here for several days,hasn’t he?=I am sure he has waited here for several days,hasn’t he?

5.He must be in the workshop,isn’t he?=I am sure he is in the work shop,isn’t he?

6.Li Ming can’t be in the classroom,is he?=I am not sure Li Ming is in the classroom,is he?

7.He can’t have gone to see a film last night,did he?=I am not sure he went to see a film last night,did he?

8.You should have come earlier,didn’t you?=I am sure you came earlier,didn’t you?

注：当陈述部分的谓语动词不表示推测意义时，附加疑问部分用情态动词加主语。如： 1. We must go soon,mustn’t we?

2. You shouldn’t go there ,should you?

3. You must study hard next term,mustn’t you?

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

4. He can’t ride a bike , can he?

九．掌握感叹句的构成。(www.61k.com]首先应把感叹句的主语和谓语补全，再构成附加疑问部分的主语和谓语。如：

1.What beautiful weather today（it is） ，isn't it ?

2.What funny persons(they are),aren’t they?

3.What a beautiful girl(she is),isn’t she?

4.A lovely day(it is),isn’t it?

十．掌握need与dare所在句子反意疑问句的构成原则。need和dare既可作情态动词，也可作行为动词，在构成附加疑问部分的主语和谓语时，须加以区别。need和dare作情态动词时，附加疑问部分仍然用need和dare；need和dare作行为动词时，附加疑问部分用do,does,did形式。如：

1.Arthur daren't call you a fool , dare he ?

2.You needn’t hand in your paper,need you?

3.My sister often needs help with her study,doesn’t she?

4.The boy doesn’t dare to climb that mountain,does he?

5. You need to come earlier,don’t you?

十一. 陈述部分是由情态动词加秃头不定式作谓语动词，附加疑问部分与前面保持一致。如：

1.He shouldn’t smoke so much,should he?

2.They ought to have gone earlier ,oughtn't they?

3.She ought not to do that again,ought she?

十二. 陈述部分是I am 时，疑问部分常用‘‘aren’t I ’’或‘‘ain’t I ’’,代替正式的‘‘am I not ’’；陈述部分是I am not 时，疑问部分用am I. 如：

1. I am late for your class , aren't I ?

2.I am too fat,aren’t I?

3.I’m not a student,am I?

十二. 当陈述部分是一个动词不定式，动名词，词组或从句作主语时，疑问部分用it;当陈述部分是多个动词不定式，动名词，词组或从句作主语时，疑问部分用they。如：

1. To study Chinese well is not easy,is it?

2. Lifting weights will build arm and shoulder muscles,won’t it?

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

3. From my school to Harbin is a long distance ,isn’t it?

4. That they are friends is not true,is it?

5. What he said and what he did were the same,weren’t they?

十三. 陈述部分是there be结构，疑问部分用there，省略主语代词。（www.61k.com]如：

1. There is nothing wrong with my car, is there?

2. There is not much news in today’s paper,is there?

3. There is a beautiful lake in this city, isn’t there?

注：如果there 行为动词的倒装句式，应按一般反意疑问句构成疑问部分。如： 1. There goes another leaf,doesn’t it?

2. There comes a beautiful car, doesn’t it?

十四. 当陈述部分是由Neither …nor…引导主语时，疑问部分视情况而定。如： 1. Neither you nor I am a teacher,are we?=We both are not teachers,are we?

2. Neither she nor he is a driver,are they?=They both are not drivers,are they?

十五. 当陈述部分有used to时，疑问部分用usedn’t,usen’t或didn’t 加陈述部分的主语构成。如：

1.The parents used to live in the country,usedn’t/usen’t/didn’t they?

2.He used to work for the company 14 hours a day, usedn’t/usen’t/didn’t he?

3.She used to get up at six in the morning,usedn’t/usen’t/didn’t she?

4.They used to go to church on Sundays, usedn’t/usen’t/didn’t they?

十五. 当陈述部分主语是不定代词one时，疑问部分主语用one，但在非正式场合中， 有时用you。如：

1. One can’t be too careful,can one/can you?(应该越小心越好，是不是？)

2. One must do it better,mustn’t one?

十六.最后，在回答反意疑问句时，如同回答一般疑问句时一样，如果答语是肯定的，就要用‘‘Yes 肯定结构’’；如果答语是否定的，就要用‘‘No 否定结构’’。这和汉语习惯有所不同。试比较：

1.He’s a doctor, isn’t he?(他是医生，对吗？)

Yes, he is./No,he isn’t.（对，他是。/不，他不是。）

2.She will not come, will she?（她不会来，对吗）

Yes,she will./No,she won’t.（不，她会来。/是的，她不会来）

延续性动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

3.You are not a new member,are you?（你不是新来的人，对吗？）

Yes, I am. I joined only yesterday.（不，我是。（www.61k.com)我是昨天才参加进来的人）

4.You don’t like to play basketball,do you?（你不喜欢玩篮球，对吗？） No, I don’t.（是的，我不喜欢。）

三 : 延续感动

　　生活中，门是人们进出的通道，也是情感交流的枢纽。推门90度，纵观世间人情冷暖。

　　那年，只记得阳光照在脸上一种明晃晃的感觉。我和妈妈上街买衣服，逛了几条街，终于被一家店里缤纷的色彩吸引住了。于是我和妈妈拉门而入。店门是由两块大大的落地玻璃组合而成的推拉门，很漂亮但很笨重，特别是拉门时，真得费上一番力，鱼贯而入的看衣服的人们，用力一拉，待身子挤进店内就立马松了手，那扇巨大的玻璃门便来回扇动，震得门框簌簌地响。我有点心惊胆战：如果后面的人不注意，岂不是会被撞得鼻青脸肿！

　　想着想着还真来了位倒霉蛋。由于前面那位女士的粗心大意，后面一位男士差点与玻璃门来了个亲密接触，还好他及时伸出了胳膊，挡住了一劫。我本以为男士皱皱眉头后会破口大骂，或是把悲剧留给下一位。谁知，他用力把门推成90度，让后面的人都从容走进店内，才轻轻让门恢复原位。

　　心弦触不及防地被拨动了一下，这一系列由快到慢，由重到轻的动作犹如一道闪电，击中了我心底那块柔软的土地。我善意地对那位绅士笑了笑，他淡然的表情让我觉得，其实这真的不算什么，只是因为做的人太少，便升华成了一种感动。

　　是啊，推门这个动作如此不经意，可放在特定的环境中，却让人深深感动。从此，我每每与家人逛街，遇上推拉门都会慢慢将门推成90度，身后或是孕妇，或是年轻人，或是老人都会报以一种感动的明媚笑容，恍恍惚惚，像是肆意的温暖阳光亲吻脸庞。

　　推门90度，推开了一种感动；推开了一种尊重；推开了一种笑颜；更推开了推门者的满足感。

　　所以请——

　　推门90度

　　延续感动！

 

本文标题：延续性动词-短暂动词与延续性动词
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