一 : 小学六年级作文：阅读中国史，拼搏中国梦

　　敬爱的老师，亲爱的同学们

　　大家好，我是14号选手蔡宇欢，今天我演讲的题目是阅读中国史，拼搏中国梦。

　　梦想是千里大堤一沙一石的凝聚，一点一滴的积累，才有前不见头，后不见尾的壮丽；梦想是春蚕吐丝一缕缕的环绕，一丝丝的支持，才有破茧而出，重见光明的辉煌：梦想是远航的帆，有了帆，船才能到达成功的彼岸。一个人的人生不能没有梦想，有了梦想就有了激情，有了激情就有了动力，有了动力就有了美好的未来！

　　中国梦，一个让人心潮澎湃的词，实现中华民族的伟大复兴就是中华民族以来最伟大的梦想。

　　历史上，唐太宗在他即位后，积极听取大臣和宰相们的意见，采取了一些有利于经济发展的措施。这一时期，他除了选贤任能外，大力发展农业生产，兴修水利，增加灌溉面积，鼓励开荒屯田，调整占田不均等现象。他还在兵役制度，科举制度，国家财政管理的方面进行了相应的调整和改革。正是由于实施了这些措施，国家安定，政治清明，经济繁荣，人口剧增。这一时期，唐朝与国外的经济交往，文化交流也都到了鼎盛时期，历史上把这一时期称为“开元之治”。

　　近代时期的袁隆平也为我们华夏儿女的中国梦做出了贡献，大家都亲切地叫他“杂交水稻之父”，从1969年开始，他不断研究杂交水稻技术，以后的几年里，他不断发明，不断创造，为祖国立下了不朽的贡献。

　　为了实现我们自己的中国梦，就必须要有渊博的知识，就需要孜孜不倦的读书。高尔基曾经说过：“书是人类进步的阶梯，书是知识的源泉。”是啊，同学们，书是火花，能点燃心中之火。书是雨滴，能滋润荒凉之漠。书是信仰，能领导教徒之心。书是相机，能记录万年至史。书是阳光，能照亮人生之路。书是阶梯，能帮助人们登上理想的高峰。书是翅膀，能帮助人们横渡理想的海洋。《十万个为什么》，《中华上下五千年》，《假如给我三天光明》……这些优秀的书籍照亮了我的人生之路，使我更加坚定了自己的方向。其中，我最喜欢的书就是《中华上下五千年》，它记录了祖国五千余年的优秀发展史，面对祖国的悠久历史，我们更加要努力读书，努力学习，为自己的中国梦和祖国的繁荣昌盛而拼搏。

　　同学们，为了我们自己的中国梦，为了我们的祖国更加繁荣昌盛，让我们怀揣着梦想，拥抱着书籍，在人生之路上前进吧！

　　谢谢大家，我的演讲完毕。

二 : 六年级周记：我的课外阅读生活

　　人的才源自知识，而知识的获得跟广泛的阅读积累是密不可分的。古人有“书中有颜如玉之说。杜甫所提倡的“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”等，无不强调了多读书广集益的好处。所以说书是人生的导航器，书是人类的灵魂。读书使人振奋，书可以充实自己。书如同老师，教会我们做人；书如同良药，可以治愈我们心中的伤痕；书如同钥匙，可以开启我们的智慧；书如同清泉，可以洗涤我们心灵的杂质。书可以解除我们心中的不少烦恼，使整个人为之一振，清醒了许多。
　　当我看到读书有这么多的的好处时无疑被它深深感动了于是，我便叫妈妈给我买震今中的是大名着——《红楼梦》、《西游记》、《水浒传》、《三国演义》。它们分别出自清代曹雪芹；明代吴承恩；元末明初施耐庵；元末明初罗贯中。妈妈一买回书，我就迫不急待地拿起《水浒传》读了起来，不到一天的时间我就全看完了。《水浒传》描述了北宋末年以宋江为首的广大农民在贪官逼迫下，无以为生，纷纷占山为王，结盟起义的历史史实，记述了起义发生、发展到失败的全过程。人物刻造得栩栩如生，如=天孤星花和尚鲁智深原名鲁达，关西军汉，系渭州经略府提辖。拳打镇关西后逃至五台山出家，取法名智深。大商店野猪林后和杨志同上二龙山落草。三山入伙打青州后上梁山义入伙，为山寨步军十一头领之一。其性格特点=嫉恶如仇、侠肝义胆、脾气火爆，有时粗中有细，豁达明理；天雄星豹子头林冲东京八十万禁军教头，为奸臣高俅父子谋害，刺配沧州，火烧草料场后，由柴进荐上梁山。后因晁盖上山火并王伦为山寨五虎将之一。其性格特点：武艺高强，有勇有谋；天伤星行者武松清河县人，排行第二，江湖上人称武二郎。幼年父母双亡，由兄长武大抚拳成人。景阳岗打虎后任阳谷县都头，后因斗杀西门庆、潘金莲刺配孟州，又因血溅都监府逃至二龙山落草。三山聚义打青州后上梁山入伙，为山寨步军十头领之一。其性格特点：武艺高强，有勇有谋，崇尚忠义，有仇必复，有恩必报。从为兄报仇开始，他斗杀西门庆，醉打蒋门神，大闹飞云浦，血溅鸳鸯楼，除恶蜈蚣岭，一步步走向反抗道路，他是下层英雄好汉中最富有血性的一个。
　　于是我便记录了下来正如“好记性不如烂笔头”。课外阅读应让学生养成“不动笔墨不读书”的良好习惯。指导学生做好读书笔记，大致分为“美文摘抄，书海拾贝，心得体会”等。文章中富有教育意义的警句格言，精彩生动的词句，段落，可以摘录下来，积存进自己设立的“积累本”中，为以后的作文准备了丰富的语言积累。同时还可以对自己订阅的报刊杂志，将其中的好文章剪裁下来，粘贴到自己的积累本中。读过一篇文章或一本课外书，还可以练练笔，写下心得体会，或者模仿文章的精彩片断进行句子仿写，语段仿写，总之读书要做到“手脑并用，学以致用”阅读才将会变得更精彩，更有实效。
　　后来我有知到了许多知识，如=读书破万卷，下笔如有神。——杜甫
　　退笔如山未足珍，读书万卷始通神。——苏轼
　　……（读书）必须如蜜蜂采蜜一样，采过许多花，这才能酿出蜜来，倘若叮在一处，所得就非常有限，枯燥了。——鲁迅
　　多读，可以改进你的写作技能。——老舍

三 : 六年级周记：我的课外阅读生活

XX年04月10日 星期日 天气：晴

人的才源自知识，而知识的获得跟广泛的阅读积累是密不可分的。古人有“书中有颜如玉之说。杜甫所提倡的“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”等，无不强调了多读书广集益的好处。所以说书是人生的导航器，书是人类的灵魂。读书使人振奋，书可以充实自己。书如同老师，教会我们做人；书如同良药，可以治愈我们心中的伤痕；书如同钥匙，可以开启我们的智慧；书如同清泉，可以洗涤我们心灵的杂质。书可以解除我们心中的不少烦恼，使整个人为之一振，清醒了许多。
　　当我看到读书有这么多的的好处时无疑被它深深感动了于是，我便叫妈妈给我买震今中的是大名着——《红楼梦》、《西游记》、《水浒传》、《三国演义》。它们分别出自清代曹雪芹；明代吴承恩；元末明初施耐庵；元末明初罗贯中。妈妈一买回书，我就迫不急待地拿起《水浒传》读了起来，不到一天的时间我就全看完了。《水浒传》描述了北宋末年以宋江为首的广大农民在贪官逼迫下，无以为生，纷纷占山为王，结盟起义的历史史实，记述了起义发生、发展到失败的全过程。人物刻造得栩栩如生，如=天孤星花和尚鲁智深原名鲁达，关西军汉，系渭州经略府提辖。拳打镇关西后逃至五台山出家，取法名智深。大商店野猪林后和杨志同上二龙山落草。三山入伙打青州后上梁山义入伙，为山寨步军十一头领之一。其性格特点=嫉恶如仇、侠肝义胆、脾气火爆，有时粗中有细，豁达明理；天雄星豹子头林冲东京八十万禁军教头，为奸臣高俅父子谋害，刺配沧州，火烧草料场后，由柴进荐上梁山。后因晁盖上山火并王伦为山寨五虎将之一。其性格特点：武艺高强，有勇有谋；天伤星行者武松清河县人，排行第二，江湖上人称武二郎。幼年父母双亡，由兄长武大抚拳成人。景阳岗打虎后任阳谷县都头，后因斗杀西门庆、潘金莲刺配孟州，又因血溅都监府逃至二龙山落草。三山聚义打青州后上梁山入伙，为山寨步军十头领之一。其性格特点：武艺高强，有勇有谋，崇尚忠义，有仇必复，有恩必报。从为兄报仇开始，他斗杀西门庆，醉打蒋门神，大闹飞云浦，血溅鸳鸯楼，除恶蜈蚣岭，一步步走向反抗道路，他是下层英雄好汉中最富有血性的一个。
　　于是我便记录了下来正如“好记性不如烂笔头”。课外阅读应让学生养成“不动笔墨不读书”的良好习惯。指导学生做好读书笔记，大致分为“美文摘抄，书海拾贝，心得体会”等。文章中富有教育意义的警句格言，精彩生动的词句，段落，可以摘录下来，积存进自己设立的“积累本”中，为以后的作文准备了丰富的语言积累。同时还可以对自己订阅的报刊杂志，将其中的好文章剪裁下来，粘贴到自己的积累本中。读过一篇文章或一本课外书，还可以练练笔，写下心得体会，或者模仿文章的精彩片断进行句子仿写，语段仿写，总之读书要做到“手脑并用，学以致用”阅读才将会变得更精彩，更有实效。
　　后来我有知到了许多知识，如=读书破万卷，下笔如有神。——杜甫
　　退笔如山未足珍，读书万卷始通神。——苏轼
　　……（读书）必须如蜜蜂采蜜一样，采过许多花，这才能酿出蜜来，倘若叮在一处，所得就非常有限，枯燥了。——鲁迅
　　多读，可以改进你的写作技能。——老舍
　　到寒假暑假期间，各就自己的需要与兴趣去多阅读，那一定比不经略读的训练多得吸收的实效。——叶圣陶
　　问语文学得好的人，无一不得力于课外阅读。——吕淑湘
　　这些大师的话，足以证明课外阅读在提高人的语文实际能力中所发挥的不可替代的作用。叶圣陶先生认为阅读语言文学材料可以实现六个“获得”：
　　1、获得间接经验作为写作材料；
　　2、获得作者的思想、道理形成观点可供思索和立意；
　　3、获得作者的感情以陶冶情操；
　　4、获得认识事物的方法，以便自己会观察、会思考；
　　5、获得表达方法，布局谋篇、铺陈比兴有所借鉴；
　　6、获得语汇有了语言积累。关于课外阅读的初中作文1200字

　　我在读书前后有了很大的变化。我从一个课外知识并不丰富的小学生变成爱读书、爱看书、课外知识也较丰富的人了。对各种知识都感兴趣。我为我爱读书了感到高兴自豪。

四 : 762006年六级阅读解析

2006年6月大学英语六级考试真题（阅读部分）

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （35 minutes）

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］ , ［B］ , ［C］ and ［D］ . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

In 1854 my great-grandfather, Morris Marable, was sold on an auction block in Georgia for $500. For his white slave master, the sale was just “business as usual”. But to Morris Marable and his heirs, slavery was a crime against our humanity. This pattern of human rights violations against enslaved African-Americans continued under racial segregation for nearly another century.

The fundamental problem of American democracy in the 21st century is the problem of “structural racism”: the deep patterns of socio-economic inequality and accumulated disadvantage that are coded by race, and constantly justified in public speeches by both racist stereotypes and white indifference. Do Americans have the capacity and vision to remove these structural barriers that deny democratic rights and opportunities to millions of their fellow citizens?

This country has previously witnessed two great struggles to achieve a truly multicultural democracy.

The first Reconstruction（1865-1877） ended slavery and briefly gave black men voting rights, but gave no meaningful compensation for two centuries of unpaid labor. The promise of “40 acres and a mule（骡子） ” was for most blacks a dream deferred（尚未实现的）.

The Second Construction （1954-1968）, or the modern civil rights movement, ended legal segregation in public accommodations and gave blacks voting rights. But these successes paradoxically obscure the tremendous human costs of historically accumulate disadvantage that remain central to black Americans’ lives.

The disproportionate wealth that most whites enjoy today was first constructed from centuries of unpaid black labor. Many white institutions, including some leading universities, insurance companies and banks, profited from slavery. This pattern of white privilege and black inequality continues today.

Demanding reparations（赔偿） is not just about compensation for slavery and segregation. It is, more important, an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of “racial deficits” of all kinds, the unequal conditions that impact blacks regardless of class. Structural racism’s barriers include “equity inequity”, the absence of black capital formation that is a direct consequence of American’s history. One third of all black households actually have negative net wealth. In 1998 the typical black family’s net wealth was $16,400, less than one fifth that of white families. Black families are denied home loans at twice the rate of whites.

Blacks remains the last hired and first fired during recessions. During the 1990-91 recession, African-Americans suffered disproportionately. At Coca-Cola, 42 percent of employees who lost their jobs were blacks. At Sears, 54 percent were black. Blacks have significantly shorter life

spans, in part due to racism in the health establishment. Blacks are statistically less likely than whites to be referred for kidney transplants or early-stage cancer surgery.

21. To the author, the auction of his great-grandfather is a typical example of ________. ［A］ racial conflicts in Georgia ［B］ racial segregation in America

［C］ crime against humanity ［D］ unfair business transaction

22. The barrier to democracy in 21st century America is ________.

［A］ denial of legal rights to ordinary blacks ［B］ widespread use of racist stereotypes ［C］ prejudice against minority groups ［D］ deep-rooted socio-economic inequality

23. What problem remains unsolved in the two Reconstructions?

［A］ The interests of blacks are not protected by law. ［B］ Differences between races are deliberately obscured.

［C］ The blacks are not compensated for their unpaid labor. ［D］ There is no guarantee for blacks to exercise their rights.

24. It is clear that the wealth enjoyed by most whites ________.

［A］ has resulted from business successes over the years ［B］ has been accumulated from generations of slavery

［C］ has derived from sizable investments in education ［D］ has been accompanied by black capital formation

25. What does the author think of the current situation regarding racial discriminator?

［A］ A major step has been taken towards reparations. ［B］ Little has been done to ensure blacks’ civil rights.

［C］ Inequality of many kinds remains virtually untouched. ［D］ Racism is not a major obstacle to blacks’ employment.

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age—in some case as low as 55—is automatically entitled to a dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses-as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airlines.

People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent（有支付能力的）. Business that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly” and “needy” are synonymous（同义的）. Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t.

It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations.

Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which

mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point. Buoyed（支持） by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job—thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.

Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them.

It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment; and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against—discrimination by age.

26. We learn from the first paragraph that ________.

［A］ senior citizens have to show their birth certificates to get a discount

［B］ giving senior citizens discounts has boosted the market for the elderly

［C］ senior citizen discounts have enabled many old people to live in a decent life ［D］ offering senior citizens discounts has become routine commercial practice

27. What assumption lies behind the practice of senior citizen discounts?

［A］ The elderly, being financially underprivileged, need humane help from society. ［B］ Businesses, having made a lot of profits, should do something for society in return. ［C］ Old people are entitled to special treatment for the contribution they made to society. ［D］ Senior citizen discounts can make up for the inadequacy of the Social Security system.

28. According to some politicians and scholars, senior citizen discounts will ________.

［A］ have adverse financial impact on business companies ［B］ bring a marked increase in the companies’ revenues

［C］ make old people even more dependent on society ［D］ intensify conflicts between the young and the old

29. How does the author view the Social Security system?

［A］ It encourages elderly people to retire in time. ［B］ It benefits the old at the expense of the young.

［C］ It should be reinforced by laws and court decisions. ［D］ It opens up broad career prospects for young people.

30. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main argument?

［A］ Priority should be given to the economic needs of senior citizens.

［B］ Senior citizens should fight hard against age discrimination.

［C］ The elderly are selfish and taking senior discounts for granted.

［D］ Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age discrimination.

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.

Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the

US National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors” as all playing their parts.

Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality （因果关系）. Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies... point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”

Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies （most were review articles and essays, they said）. When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28％ supported a connection.

The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling game as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read “aggressive” or “non-aggressive” words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.

Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.

31. Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?

［A］ There is a lot of violence in the real world today. ［B］ Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.

［C］ Something has gone wrong with today’s society. ［D］ Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.

32. What is the skeptics’ （Line 3, Para. 3）view of media violence?

［A］ The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated.

［B］ Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.

［C］ Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers.

［D］ A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.

33. The author uses the term “alarmists”（Line 1, Para. 5） to refer to those who ________. ［A］ use standardized measurements in the studies of media violence

［B］ use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior

［C］ initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on reality

［D］ assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behavior

34. In refuting the alarmists, the author advances his argument by first challenging ________.

［A］ their definition of violence ［B］ their system of measurement

［C］ the targets of their observation ［D］ the source and amount of their data

35. What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media and violence?

［A］ He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.

［B］ The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.

［C］ It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled.

［D］ More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.

Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

You are in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top $2,000 a month—no wonder that one in four Americans can’t afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.

The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call. “If our neighbors can buy drugs at reasonable prices, why can’t we?” And—the propagandists’ trump card（王牌） —“Wreck our brilliant health-care system.” Supersize drug practice, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No sky-high drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up.

Common sense tells you that’s a false alternative. The reward for finding, say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one’s going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industry’s profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for? Should our health-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients can’t afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today’s level of care? Measured by saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course.

To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies（药房） not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.

Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.

Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure—and the more we look, the more we’ll find. But I haven’t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buying cross-border.

Most users of prescription drugs don’t worry about costs a lot. They’re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 co-pay. The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live. This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who’ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006.

36. What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the US?

［A］ The inflation rate been more than doubled over the years.

［B］ A quarter of Americans can’t afford to see a doctor when they fall ill.

762006年六级阅读解析_六级阅读

［C］ Many Americans can’t afford to see a doctor when they fall ill.

［D］ Many Americans have to go to Canada to get medical treatment.

37. It can be inferred that America can follow the Canadian model and curb its soaring drug prices by_____.

［A］ importing low-price prescription drugs from Canada ［B］ extending medical insurance to all its citizens

［C］ exercising prices control on brand-name drugs ［D］ encouraging people to buy prescription drugs online

38. How do propagandists argue for the US drug pricing policy?

［A］ Low prices will bring about the anger of drug manufactures.

［B］ High prices are essential to funding research on new drugs.

［C］ Low prices will affect the quality of medicines in American.

［D］ High-price drugs are indispensable in curing chronic disease.

39. What should be the priority of American’s health-care system according to the author?

［A］ To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits. ［B］ To quicken the pace of new drug research.

［C］ To maintain America’s lead in the drug industry. ［D］ To solve the dilemma in the health-care system.

40. What are American drug companies doing to protect their high profits?

［A］ Attributing the raging epidemics to the ineffectiveness of Canadian drugs. ［B］ Labeling drugs bought from Canada as being fakes.

［C］ Threatening to cut back funding for new drug research.

［D］ Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies.

参考答案：

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Passage One

译文

1854年， 我的曾祖父Morris Marable 在佐治亚州的一次黑奴拍卖中被以500美元的价格成交。对于他的白人奴隶主来说， 这次买卖只是一笔“普通的交易”。然而对于Morris Marable和他的后代来说， 奴隶制却是违反人道主义的罪行。这种违背人权的奴隶制度让非裔美国人生活在种族隔离之下， 这种情形几乎持续到了另一个世纪。

在21世纪美国的民主社会中， 最根本的问题是“结构性的种族歧视”。这种根深蒂固的不平等的、 存在着许多弊端的社会模式源自于种族， 并且一直受到老套的种族歧视论和白人的漠不关心等社会言论的辩护。美国人有足够的能力和远见去消除那些否决了他们亿万后代的民主权利和机会的结构性屏障吗？

这个国家曾经见证了两次为实现真正多文化融合的民主社会而进行的伟大斗争。

第一次重建（1865~1877）结束了奴隶制度并且赋予了黑人短暂的投票选举权， 但并没有给予这些将近两个世纪的免费劳动力实际的补偿。“40英亩土地和一头骡子”， 对于大多数黑人来说仍是一个尚未实现的梦想。

第二次重建（1954~1968）， 或者说是现代公民权利运动， 从公共制度上结束了法律意义上的种族隔离， 并且真正赋予黑人投票选举的权利。然而这些成功反而矛盾地模糊了人们在

历史上付出的巨大代价， 使人们忽略了始终存在于非裔美国人的生活中心的从历史上积累下来的消极因素。

白人占有大多数社会财富， 这种不均衡的财富分配现象最初源自于黑人奴隶制度时代。许多白人社会的组织机构， 包括一些顶尖的大学、 保险公司和银行， 都得益于奴隶制度。这种白人享有优先权而对黑人极不公平的制度一直持续到今天。

要求赔偿不仅仅是要求对奴隶制度和种族隔离的赔偿， 更重要的是一场教育的战役。这场教育的战役强调了在当今社会中存在的各种各样的“种族劣势”， 这种劣势给各个阶级的黑人带来了强烈的冲击。结构性的种族屏障包括了“公平和不公平”， 美国黑人资本的稀缺有其一定的历史性。约1/3的黑人实际上并没有净资产。截至1998年黑人家庭的净资产约为16,400美元， 这甚至比白人家庭净资产的1/5还要少。黑人不被允许贷款的几率是白人的两倍。

在经济不景气的时候， 黑人一直是最后被雇用而最先被解雇的。在1990~1991这段经济衰退期里， 黑人遭受了许多不平等的待遇。在可口可乐公司， 42%的黑人失去了他们的工作岗位。在Sears， 被解雇的人当中有54%是黑人。黑人的预期寿命较短， 一定程度上与健康体制内的种族歧视有关。据数据统计显示， 相对于白人而言， 黑人更少接受肾移植和早期癌症治疗等复杂手术。

21. C 细节事实题。根据第一段“But to Morris Marable and his heirs, slavery was a crime against our humanity.”可以轻松选出答案。

22. D 细节事实题。根据第二段段尾“Do Americans have the capacity to remove these structural barriers hat deny democratic rights and opportunities to millions of their fellow citizens？”可知， 答案选 ［D］ 。

23. D 推理判断题。此题问两次重建都没有解决的问题。做这类题最好用排除法。要避免以偏概全， 如［A］， ［B］两项。［C］违反了第二条法案的内容， 所以只能选［D］。

24. B 细节事实题。由第六段段首句“The disproportionate wealth that most whites enjoy today was first constructed from centuries of unpaid black labor.”可以选出正确答案［B］。

25. C 推理判断题。由文章最后两段列举的一系列对比性的数据可以推断出答案是［C］。

Passage Two:

译文

在美国， 年龄就是特权， 其中比较突出的一项就是长者折扣。凡达到一定年龄——在某些情况下， 低至55岁——在几乎各个级别的商业活动中就会自动被授予大量令人惊羡的减价权利。资格不是从人的需要的角度来考虑， 而是由一个人的出生证明书上的日期来衡量。这在上一辈人的时代几乎闻所未闻， 而现在折扣已成为许多企业的一种惯例， 普通得就像汽车旅馆里的彩电和飞机上的免费咖啡。

头发花白的人通常不用主动要求就能得到折扣。然而至今， 成千上万60岁以上的美国人都是健康的、 有支付能力的。那些从不打算给大学生或30岁以下的年轻人打折扣的商店都免费给年长者提供折扣。这种惯例是可以接受的， 因为社会普遍认为“年老的”和“贫穷的”是同义词。也许这曾经是对的， 但如今美国老年人这个群体的贫困率比其他任何居民都低。当然， 老年人的经济状况也是多样的， 很多年长的美国人是贫穷的， 但他们中的大部分人并非如此。

折扣对个体公司的冲击是不确定的。对很多公司而言， 它是收入的一个增长点。但是在一些情况下， 折扣直接或间接地牺牲了美国青年人的利益。在一些政客和学者看来， 这是对未来两代人之间冲突的直接刺激剂。

有关社会保险利益从青年人向老年人流动的争论， 令两代人之间紧张的关系雪上加霜。而

就业则是另一个痛处。在法律和法庭判决的支持下， 越来越多的美国老年人拒绝退休， 更倾向于留在工作岗位上， 这使得年轻工人就业和提升的机会都在减少。

长者折扣已经远非曾经的施舍， 它已成为成千上万不需要它的人的强大特权。

将长者看作一个因经济需要而享有优先权的群体已经不再有意义。长者折扣只会增加老年人无法照顾自己和需要特别待遇的误解， 而这个误解又预示着新误解的产生： 年长者是令人厌恶的、 为了自己而牺牲了孩子和其他年龄阶段的群体。长者折扣是美国老年人与年龄歧视作斗争的一项重要内容。

26. D 推理判断题。这道题问第一段主要陈述的内容， 由原文可知， 第一段主要讲述了美国的老年人在购物时可以享受折扣， 这正是选项［D］表述的内容， 所是正确答案， ［A］、 ［B］、 ［C］原文均未涉及。

27. A 细节事实题。文章第二段提到“The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that ‘elderly’ and ‘needy’ are synonymous.”而needy与选项［A］中的“financially underprivileged” 正好形成同义替换， 所以选项［A］是正确答案。［B］、 ［C］文中未提到， ［D］与文意相反。

28. D 细节事实题。根据题干中的some politicians and scholars， 快速定位到原文第三段“...they（discounts） are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations.”选项［D］正是对这句话的同义替换， 因此是正确答案。

29. B 细节事实题。根据题干中的the Social Security system可以迅速定位到原文第四段的首句“...continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the old”, 因此正确答案是［B］。

30. D 中心题。这道题要求选出能最好地概括作者观点的选项。由文章最后一句话“Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against-discrimination by age.”可以推出答案选［D］。

Passage Three：

译文

由媒体传播的暴力令人有充分的理由感到不安。电视、 电影和电子游戏都充斥着枪战和血腥。人们有理由提出质疑： 把家庭暴力录影带作为娱乐来播放， 这个社会到底出了什么毛病？

大多数学者认为， 造成现实社会暴力行为的因素是复杂的。1993年美国国家科学院的一项研究表明： “生理、 个人、 家庭、 同辈、 学校和公众因素”都会产生影响。

观看过量带有暴力色彩的电视节目和电子游戏很有可能导致部分观众的反常行为。当学者们为了得出因果关系而淡化他们研究中的不确定因素或者夸大事实时， 问题就出现了。几年前， 包括美国医学会在内的一些公会曾尝试结束由一个联合声明引起的争议： “如今， 超过1,000份调查研究明确地表明， 在一些孩子身上， 媒体暴力和好斗行为之间存在一种必然的因果联系”， 这使对此持怀疑态度的人感到沮丧。

自由言论的拥护者指责一些公会一味迎合政客， 甚至质疑研究论文的数目（他们说大多是评论文章和论文）。当多伦多大学的社会心理学家Jonathan Freedman重新研究文献时， 发现只有大约200份关于电视引起暴力的研究论文。而且当他淘汰掉“最令人怀疑的好斗行为的衡量标准”后， 发现只有28％的研究支持这一观点。

在这里关键的一点是因果关系。危言耸听者说他们证明了媒体暴力导致好斗行为。但隐藏在他们结论背后的假设仍需要被检验。当我们给游戏贴上暴力性或非暴力性的标签时， 难道英雄打败魔鬼也应该被认为是一种暴力行为吗？而且， 当实验者记录游戏玩家在目录中阅读“暴力”和“非暴力”所用的时间时， 我们能够确定他们到底在衡量什么吗？新哈佛媒

体与儿童健康中心收集和规范对暴力媒体的研究， 目的是为了对比它们的方法、 假设和结论， 这是在正确的方向上迈出的重要一步。

另外相似的一步应该是在我们知道更多以前淡化批评。一些学者就媒体暴力带来的威胁撰写的论文、 发表的言论和做出的论证都相当多。当然， 这是他们的权利。但当他们这样做的时候， 常常发表问题如今已经得到解决的论断， 以吸引同行们对此进行批判。而作为回应， 危言耸听者指责评论家和新闻记者以此欺骗娱乐业。这样的冲突对科学和社会都毫无意义。

31. B 细节事实题。由第一段最后一句“...what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.”可知正确答案是 ［B］ 。注意entertaining与entertainment的呼应。

32. C 推理判断题。 本题问的是skeptics“怀疑论者”对于媒体暴力的观点， 回到原文

第三段第三、 四行， “Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies...tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement...”由此可见， skeptics的观点应该与该statement正好相反， 故选［C］。

33. D 推理判断题。要选出正确答案， 必须要弄清楚alarmists的立场“...they have proved that violent media cause aggression.”以及作者对他们的态度。紧随这句话之后的关键转折词but提示我们， 作者对alarmists的观点持反对态度， 因此［A］和［B］这两个含有褒义色彩的选项（由standardized和appropriate可以推断出）可以排除。再结合上文作者所反对的观点， 故答案选［D］。

34. A 细节事实题。解答此题要注意题干中的关键词first， 这样更容易排除干扰项。作者在第五段里对alarmist的观点提出质疑， 其中第一个critical point就是“the assumptions behind their observations”， 即“...should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event?”， 因此答案选［A］。

35. D 细节事实题。要回答此题， 需要抓住第六段段首句“Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more”， 这与选项［D］中的“more studies...”正好相呼应， 因此正确答案是［D］。

Passage Four

译文

如果要买下拥有商标品牌的处方药， 你就会惹上麻烦。在过去十多年中， 价格上涨超过了通货膨胀利率的两倍。慢性病的治疗随随便便就会高达2,000美元/月——难怪多达四分之一的美国人付不起他们医疗处方的费用。有什么解决方法吗？一曲衷心的合唱“噢， 加拿大”。在边境的北面， 由于价格管制的作用， 购买那些同样拥有商标品牌的药可以少花50％至80％。

加拿大的选择已经迅速成为一个政治的催醒剂。“如果我们的邻居可以以合理的价格买到药品， 为什么我们不可以？”即使只是传闻也会激起怒火。还有， 宣传员们的王牌——“破坏我们辉煌的健康保健系统”。他们声称， 巨额的医药价格是为激励下一代神奇药品而筹集资金。没有今天的天价药品， 就没有明天治疗癌症的药品。因此闭嘴并付款。

常识告诉你那是一个错误的选择。研究调查结果的回馈表明一个癌症的治疗工程是如此巨大以至于没有一个人可以不被它困扰。而且， 如果把加拿大的价格标准引入美国， 行业的利润率会下降， 并且新药开发的速度会减慢。这使美国陷入两难的境地。所有这些高效的药品是为了谁？为了我们的健康保健系统继续迈向更好， 而不顾付不起巨额医疗费用的患者数量还在不断增加？还是应该指引我们的财富增长， 让人人都能享受现在的医疗水平？以救助的生命作为权衡的标准， 后者几乎可以确定是比较好的路线。

为了维护自身的利益， 药品公司警告加拿大的批发商和药房不要通过邮件卖药给美国人，

并且削减那些敢这样做的（批发商和药房）药品供应。

同时， 管理机构大玩恐惧警告游戏。食品与药物管理局的官员们宣称来自加拿大的药品可能是假冒伪劣、 处理不当的药品， 甚至可能对生命构成潜在的威胁。

在互联网上真的是假药泛滥吗？当然——而且我们看得越多， 将会发现得越多。但是我在成千上万过境买药的人中却并没有听到任何责骂。

大多数处方药使用者并不担心会花费许多。他们有雇员保险的保护， 仅仅需要付20美元。然而， 对于那些没有保险、 特别是需要昂贵的药物才能生存的慢性病患者， 财政却是一个大问题。这类人还包括有医疗保险的中等收入的老年人。他们在将于2006年启动的新药品优惠政策实施前不得不掏空腰包。

36. B 细节事实题。此题的答案在第一段第二行破折号后的one in four， 选项［B］中的“a quarter”与之对应。

37. C 细节事实题。由第一段段尾句“North of the border, where price controls reigns， those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.”可以推知答案是［C］。

38. B 推理判断题。由第二段中的“Supersize drug practice, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs.”可以看出， propagandists是支持高药价的， 希望用这部分收益来维持未来新药品的研发。故选［B］。

39. A 细节事实题。根据第三段段尾句“...the latter is certainly the better course” 可以看出， 作者的观点是direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today’s level of care， 所以答案选［A］。

40. D 细节事实题。此题的答案在第四段“To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesales...cutting back supplies to those who dare”。回答此题要防止错误定位到第五段。

五 : 六年级课外阅读书目推荐50本_小学六年级课外阅读书目

丰富的课外阅读，可以丰富知识面，活跃思维，提高阅读写作能力，培养创新能力，并且使学生在书中体味了人生，明白了事理，学会做人。那么六年级的学生可以读哪些课外书呢?下面是我们给大家推荐的50本六年级课外阅读书目，希望能帮到大家!

六年级课外阅读书目推荐50本

1 《红楼梦》、《西游记》等四大名著。

（www.61k.com。

2 《傲慢与偏见》、《咆哮的山庄》等外国名著。

3　 《圣经神话故事》　　陈静选编　　中国少年儿童出版社1999年版

4　《三毛流浪记》　张乐平　少年儿童出版社2001年版

5　《严文井童话选》　　严文井　　四川少年儿童出版社1983年版

6　《稻草人》和其他童话　　叶圣陶　　中国少年儿童出版社1979年版

7　《宝葫芦的秘密》　　张天翼　　农村读物出版社2002年版

8　《小兵张嘎》　　徐光耀　中国少年儿童出版社1990年月版

9　《三寄小读者》　冰心　　少年儿童出版社1981年版

10　《皮皮鲁传》　　郑渊洁　学苑出版社1995年版

11　《肚皮上的塞子》　　周锐　　春风文艺出版社2001年版

12　《今年你七岁》　刘健屏　中国少年儿童出版社2000年版

13　《荒漠奇踪》　　严阵　　中国少年儿童出版社1996年版

14　《乌丢丢的奇遇》　金波　　江苏少年儿童出版社2003年版

15　《我要做个好孩子》　黄蓓佳　　江苏少年儿童出版社

16　《草房子》　　曹文轩　　江苏少年儿童出版社2001年版

17　《第三军团》　　张之路　中国少年儿童出版社1997年版

18　《巫师的沉船》　班马　　21世纪出版社1998年版

19　《糊涂大头鬼》　管家琪　浙江少儿出版社2001年版

20　《漂亮老师和坏小子》　杨红樱　作家出版社2003年4月版

21　《幻城》　郭敬明　春风文艺出版社2003年版

22　《伊索寓言》　　(希腊)伊索　　中国妇女出版社1997年版

23　《克雷洛夫寓言全集》　(俄)克雷洛夫著，裴家勤译　　译林出版社2000年版

24　《拉·封丹寓言》　(法)拉·封丹著， 倪海曙译　　上海译文出版社2001年版

25　《格林童话全集》(德)雅各布·格林威廉·格林著杨武能，杨悦译 译林出版社1994年

点击下一页阅读更多六年级课外阅读书目推荐50本相关内容

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26　《安徒生童话选集》　　(丹麦)安徒生著，叶君健译　　译林出版社2001年版

27　《普希金童话》　(俄)普希金著，亢甫，正成译　浙江少年儿童出版社2001年版

28　《王尔德童话》　(英)王尔德著，唐讪辉译　中国连环画出版社2003年版

29　《宫泽贤治童话》　(日)宫泽贤治著 周龙梅　少年儿童出版社2003年版

30　《列那狐的故事》　　(法)玛·阿希·季诺著　　北京教育出版社2002年版

31　《天方夜谭》　　郅涛浩等译　译林出版社2000年版

32　《鲁滨逊飘流记》　　(英)笛福著，王泉根译　北京少年儿童出版社2001年版

33　《魔法师的帽子》　　(芬)杨松著，任溶溶译　　纺织工业出版社2001年版

34　《金银岛》　　(英)史蒂文生著，单蓓蕾　译　北京出版社2001年版

35　《丛林传奇》　　(英)吉卜林著，徐朴译　　少年儿童出版社1996年版

36　《吹牛大王奇游记》　　(德)埃·拉斯伯 刘浩译　 少年儿童出版社1990年版

37　《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》　(英)刘易斯·卡洛尔著，陈伯吹译 上海科技教育版1996年

38　《骑鹅旅行记》　(瑞典)塞·拉格洛夫著，王泉根译　北京少年儿童出版社2001年版

39　《木偶奇遇记》　(意)卡洛·科洛迪著，杨建民译　　上海科技教育版1996年

40　《汤姆·索亚历险记》　(美)马克·吐温著,钟雷主编　哈尔滨出版社2000年版

41　《格列佛游记》　(英)乔纳森·斯威夫特著，杨吴成译　人教、译林版2003年

42　《淘气包艾米尔》(瑞典)阿·林格伦著，高锋、时红译　中国少儿出版社1984年版

43　《捣蛋鬼的日记》　(意)万巴著，思闵译　　中国社会出版社2003年版

44　《小王子》(法)圣埃克苏佩里著，马振聘译，人民文学出版社2000年5月版

45　《童年》　(俄)高尔基 著，上海译文出版社

46 《福尔摩斯探案全集》　(英)柯南道尔，丁锦华译，远流公司1988年

47 《哈里·波特与魔法石》　(英)j·k·罗琳　人民文学出版社2000版

48　《顽皮捣蛋鬼》　(德)威廉·布什　湖北少儿出版2003年自版

49　《中国当代儿童诗歌选》　 张继楼，彭斯远　　四川少年儿童出版社1984年版

50　《外国儿童诗选》　　文成英，李融编选　四川少年儿童出版社1987年版

51《唐诗三百首》、《宋词》等诗集。

52《奥秘》、《十万个为什么》等科普书籍

53《辞海》

53《动物世界》

54 《中国古代寓言故事》　　邶笪钟编写　北京人民文学出版社2003年版

55　《中外神话传说》　　田新利选编　北京人民文学出版社2003年版

六年级课外

本文标题：小学六年级课外阅读-小学六年级作文：阅读中国史，拼搏中国梦
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