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人教版高中语文必修四-鲁人版高中必修1第四单元作文:失之交臂的幸福

发布时间:2017-10-05 所属栏目:高中人教版语文必修五

一 : 鲁人版高中必修1第四单元作文:失之交臂的幸福

发布时间:2017-04-23

鲁人版高中必修1第四单元作文:失之交臂的幸福

[幕启。光线昏暗,四下静谧,烟缠雾绕,如梦似幻。]

(罗密欧的灵魂上。)

罗密欧:当我饮下毒酒,死神将我押走的刹那,我回头看了一眼,啊!我看见了亲爱的朱丽叶,她从万恶的墓窟里爬出来,天哪,她没有死!上帝让她好好活着。接着她抽出我身上的配剑刺在自己的胸口,那腥红的像晚霞一样绚烂的花朵在她的胸口绽放,她死去了。罪恶的上帝啊!你怎么如此残暴昏庸,你一手导演的人生戏剧是如此的残酷。我,怎么如此莽撞,我简直是不折不扣的猪猡,我怎么可以如此轻率的饮下毒酒,我差点儿就能和朱丽叶长相厮守,过我们幸福快乐的生活,远离维洛那城,去一个没有人认识我们的乡村。而这一切都只是一场没有根据的梦。(落泪。)“差一点”,我诅咒你,你这该死的鬼东西,你夺去了我的幸福,我的幸福失之交臂,我的朱丽叶也为此而死去。你是一杯毒酒,谁饮下你就注定痛苦,你撕碎了多少人的梦想,多少人因你而长吁短叹,涕泪横流,我和我的朱丽叶也因你而死!(作愤怒状,挥舞双臂。)“差一点”,你这魔鬼,撒旦都比不上你的无情。远离人群吧,你这万人唾弃的丧家犬。

[天空开始出现光亮,黎明将至。]

(朱丽叶的灵魂上。)

朱丽叶:不,我亲爱的,不要再诅咒了。“差一点”它没有错。错的是整个社会。

罗密欧:啊!你永远这么美丽——噢,瞧你刚才说了什么。“差一点”没有错?上帝!这是你吗?

朱丽叶:亲爱的,请不要再怨天尤人了。虽然我们的悲剧差一点就可以演化为喜剧;我们差一点就可以幸福地生活在人间;劳伦斯长老也差一点可以制止我们的死亡,但所有错误不是因为“差一点”,也不是因为上帝,而是整个社会酿造成的,是蒙太古家和凯普莱特家世代的仇恨酿造成的,是该死的道德礼教酿造成的,亲爱的,请诅咒它们吧!诅咒它们腐烂生出蛆虫吧!我们的爱情虽然差一点就可以缔造出幸福,但我们化解了蒙太古和凯普莱特两个家族的仇恨,也给维洛那城注入了一伎新鲜的血液,我们的悲惨遭遇已变成了美丽的鲜花,我们可以坦然地面对上帝。

(罗密欧无语。天开始亮了,他们回到天堂。)

本章链接:

二 : 人教版高中语文必修四《苏武传》教学设计


《苏武传》教学设计

一、教学目标

1、把握历史事实,理清文章脉络。

2、疏通文言知识,掌握重要的实词和虚词。

二、教学过程

第一课时

(一)导入:欣赏歌曲《苏武牧羊》:

苏武留胡节不辱!雪地又冰天,苦忍十九年。渴饮雪,饥吞毡,牧羊北海边。心存汉社稷,旄落犹未还,历尽难中难,心如铁石坚。夜坐塞上时闻笳声入耳痛心酸。

转眼北风吹,雁群汉关飞。白发娘,盼儿归,红妆守空帏。三更同入梦,两地谁梦谁;任海枯石烂,大节定不亏。终教匈奴惊心碎胆共服汉德威。

这是一首广为流传的民歌,歌曲里所歌唱的苏武是我国历史上著名的民族英雄。汉武帝时,苏武奉命出使匈奴,被匈奴扣留十九年,正如歌曲所唱,苏武历尽艰辛,持节不屈,成为中华民族历史上光耀千古的英雄。现在,就让我们走近苏武,走进他充满血泪而又辉煌无比的人生。

(二)简介班固及《汉书》

班固(32——92年),字孟坚,扶风安陵(今陕西咸阳市东)人。东汉著名的史学家。《后汉书•班固传》称他“年九岁,能属文,诵诗赋。及长,遂博贯载籍,九流百家之言,无不穷究。所学无常师,不为章句,举大义而已”。其父班彪曾续司马迁《史记》作《史记后传》,未成而故。班固立志继承父业,在《后传》基础上,进一步广搜材料,编写《汉书》。后因有人向汉明帝诬告他篡改国史,被捕入狱。其弟班超上书解释,始得获释,被命为兰台令史,经过二十多年努力,写成了《汉书》。汉和帝永元初年,班固随窦宪出征匈奴,不久窦宪因谋反案被诛,班固也受牵连被捕,死于狱中。《汉书》中的八“表”与“天文志”是由其妹班昭和同郡人马续续成的。

班固的《汉书》是我国第一部纪传体断代史,体例模仿《史记》,但略有变更。全书有纪十二篇,表八篇,志十篇,传七十篇,共一百篇,起自汉高祖,止于王莽,记西汉一代二百三十年间史实。《汉书》评价历史人物往往从封建正统观念出发,以儒家的伦理道德作为标准,如对陈涉、项羽加以贬抑,即是显例。历来《汉书》与《史记》并称,史学家刘知几说《汉书》“言皆精炼,事甚该密”(《史通•六家》),则是其特色。

(三)疏通文言知识

(四)安小标题,理清脉络

本文故事情节跌宕起伏、扣人心弦,下面请同学们给文章的情节发展添加小标题,以此把握文章的脉络中。

要求:小标题要准确概括情节变化,并尽量展现人物性格特点,同时注意语言的通顺凝练。

小标题(仅供参考,答案不限):

1、出使匈奴,单于受礼。 2、缑王谋反,祸及汉使。 3、舍生取义,以死明志。

4、卫律劝降,威武不屈。 5、饮雪吞毡,此志不渝。 6、李陵劝降,忠贞如一。

7、武帝驾崩,恸哭数月。 8、汉匈和亲,请还苏武。 9、历尽艰难,发白归汉。

五、串讲全文:文章大致分为三部分。

1.苏武字子卿,年轻时凭着父亲的职位,兄弟三人都做了皇帝的侍从,并逐渐被提升为掌管皇帝鞍马鹰犬射猎工具的官。当时汉朝廷不断讨伐匈奴,多次互派使节彼此暗中侦察。匈奴扣留了汉使节郭吉、路充国等前后十余批人。匈奴使节前来,汉朝庭也扣留他们以相抵。公元前100年,且鞮刚刚立为单于,唯恐受到汉的袭击,于是说:“汉皇帝,是我的长辈。”全部送还了汉廷使节路充国等人。汉武帝赞许他这种通晓情理的做法,于是派遣苏武以中郎将的身份出使,持旄节护送扣留在汉的匈奴使者回国,顺便送给单于很丰厚的礼物,以答谢他的好意。苏武同副中郎将张胜以及临时委派的使臣属官常惠等,加上招募来的士卒、侦察人员百多人一同前往。到了匈奴那里,摆列财物赠给单于。单于越发傲慢,不是汉所期望的那样。

2.单于正要派使者护送苏武等人归汉,适逢缑王与长水人虞常等人在匈奴内部谋反。缑王是昆邪王姐姐的儿子,与昆邪王一起降汉,后来又跟随浞野侯赵破奴重新陷胡地,在卫律统率的那些投降者中,暗中共同策划绑架单于的母亲阏氏归汉。正好碰上苏武等人到匈奴。虞常在汉的时候,一向与副使张胜有交往,私下拜访张胜,说:“听说汉天子很怨恨卫律,我虞常能为汉廷埋伏弩弓将他射死。我的母亲与弟弟都在汉,希望受到汉廷的照顾。”张胜许诺了他,把财物送给了虞常。

第一部分即文章的第1、2段,介绍了苏武的身世、出使的背景及原因。

文章一开始写道:“时汉连伐胡,数通使相窥观。匈奴留汉使郭吉、路充国等前后十余辈。匈奴使来,汉亦留之以相当。”苏武出使匈奴的这一背景,表明苏武出使时的严酷历史环境,同时交代了匈奴尽管“尽归汉使路充国等”却只是因为“且鞋侯单于初立,恐汉袭之”的缓兵之计,并非真心和好。

所以当汉武帝派苏武护送扣留在汉朝的匈奴使者还朝,并“厚赂单于”时,“单于益骄”,这也是后来单于悍然扣留苏武一行的原因。

3.一个多月后,单于外出打猎,只有阏氏和单于的子弟在家。虞常等七十余人将要起事,其中一人夜晚逃走,把他们的计划报告了阏氏及其子弟。单于子弟发兵与他们交战,缑王等都战死;虞常被活捉。单于派卫律审处这一案件。张胜听到这个消息,担心他和虞常私下所说的那些话被揭发,便把事情经过告诉了苏武。苏武说:“事情到了如此地步,这样一定会牵连到我们。受到侮辱才去死,更对不起国家!”因此想自杀。张胜、常惠一起制止了他。虞常果然供出了张胜。单于大怒,召集许多贵族前来商议,想杀掉汉使者。左伊秩訾说:“假如是谋杀单于,又用什么更严的刑法呢?应当都叫他们投降。”

4.单于派卫律召唤苏武来受审讯。苏武对常惠说:“丧失气节、玷辱使命,即使活着,还有什么脸面回到汉廷去呢!”说着拔出佩带的刀自刎,卫律大吃一惊,自己抱住、扶好苏武,派人骑快马去找医生。医生在地上挖一个坑,在坑中点燃微火,然后把苏武脸朝下放在坑上,轻轻地敲打他的背部,让淤血流出来。苏武本来已经断了气,这样过了好半天才重新呼吸。常惠等人哭泣着,用车子把苏武拉回营帐。单于钦佩苏武的节操,早晚派人探望、询问苏武,而把张胜逮捕监禁起来。

5.苏武的伤势逐渐好了。单于派使者通知苏武,一起来审处虞常,想借这个机会使苏武投降。剑斩虞常后,卫律说:“汉使张胜,谋杀单于亲近的大臣,应当处死。单于招降的人,赦免他们的罪。”举剑要击杀张胜,张胜请求投降。卫律对苏武说:“副使有罪,应该连坐到你。”苏武说:“我本来就没有参予谋划,又不是他的亲属,怎么谈得上连坐?”卫律又举剑对准苏武,苏武岿然不动。卫律说:“苏君!我卫律以前背弃汉廷,归顺匈奴,幸运地受到单于的大恩,赐我爵号,让我称王;拥有奴隶数万、马和其他牲畜满山,如此富贵!苏君你今日投降,明日也是这样。白白地用身体给草地做肥料,又有谁知道你呢!”苏武毫无反应。卫律说:“你顺着我而投降,我与你结为兄弟;今天不听我的安排,以后再想见我,还能得到机会吗?” 苏武痛骂卫律说:“你做人家的臣下和儿子,不顾及恩德义理,背叛皇上、抛弃亲人,在异族那里做投降的奴隶,我为什么要见你!况且单于信任你,让你决定别人的死活,而你却居心不平,不主持公道,反而想要使汉皇帝和匈奴单于二主相斗,旁观两国的灾祸和损失!你明知道我决不会投降,想要使汉和匈奴互相攻打。匈奴灭亡的灾祸,将从我开始了!”

6.卫律知道苏武终究不可胁迫投降,报告了单于。单于越发想要使他投降,就把苏武囚禁起来,放在大地窖里面,不给他喝的吃的。天下雪,苏武卧着嚼雪,同毡毛一起吞下充饥,几日不死。匈奴以为神奇,就把苏武迁移到北海边没有人的地方,让他放牧公羊,说等到公羊生了小羊才得归汉。同时把他的部下及其随从人员常惠等分别安置到别的地方。苏武迁移到北海后,粮食运不到,只能掘取野鼠所储藏的野生果实来吃。他拄着汉廷的符节牧羊,睡觉、起来都拿着,以致系在节上的牦牛尾毛全部脱尽。一共过了五、六年,单于的弟弟於靬王到北海上打猎。苏武会编结打猎的网,矫正弓弩,於靬王颇器重他,供给他衣服、食品。三年多过后,於靬王得病,赐给苏武马匹和牲畜、盛酒酪的瓦器、圆顶的毡帐篷。王死后,他的部下也都迁离。这年冬天,丁令人盗去了苏武的牛羊,苏武又陷入穷困。

7.当初,苏武与李陵都为侍中。苏武出使匈奴的第二年,李陵投降匈奴,不敢访求苏武。时间一久,单于派遣李陵去北海,为苏武安排了酒宴和歌舞。李陵趁机对苏武说:“单于听说我与你交情一向深厚,所以派我来劝说足下,愿谦诚地相待你。你终究不能回归本朝了,白白地在荒无人烟的地方受苦,你对汉廷的信义又怎能有所表现呢?以前你的大哥苏嘉做奉车都尉,跟随皇上到雍的棫宫,扶着皇帝的车驾下殿阶,碰到柱子,折断了车辕,被定为大不敬的罪,用剑自杀了,只不过赐钱二百万用以下葬。你弟弟孺卿跟随皇上去祭祀河东土神,骑着马的宦官与驸马争船,把驸马推下去掉到河中淹死了。骑着马的宦官逃走了。皇上命令孺卿去追捕,他抓不到,因害怕而服毒自杀。我离开长安的时候,你的母亲已去世,我送葬到阳陵。你的夫人年纪还轻,听说已改嫁了,家中只有两个妹妹,两个女儿和一个男孩,如今又过了十多年,生死不知。人生像早晨的露水,何必长久地像这样折磨自己!我刚投降时,终日若有所失,几乎要发狂,自己痛心对不起汉廷,加上老母拘禁在保宫,你不想投降的心情,怎能超过当时我李陵呢!并且皇上年纪大了,法令随时变更,大臣无罪而全家被杀的有十几家,安危不可预料。你还打算为谁守节呢?希望你听从我的劝告,不要再说什么了!” 苏武说:“我苏武父子无功劳和恩德,都是皇帝栽培提拔起来的,官职升到列将,爵位封为通侯,兄弟三人都是皇帝的亲近之臣,常常愿意为朝庭牺牲一切。现在得到牺牲自己以效忠国家的机会,即使受到斧钺和汤镬这样的极刑,我也心甘情愿。大臣效忠君王,就像儿子效忠父亲,儿子为父亲而死,没有什么可恨,希望你不要再说了!”

8.李陵与苏武共饮了几天,又说:“你一定要听从我的话。”苏武说:“我料定自己已经是死去的人了!单于一定要逼迫我投降,那么就请结束今天的欢乐,让我死在你的面前!”李陵见苏武对朝廷如此真诚,慨然长叹道:“啊,义士!我李陵与卫律的罪恶,上能达天!”说着眼泪直流,浸湿了衣襟,告别苏武而去。

第二部分即文章第3~8段,重点记述了苏武留胡十九年备受艰辛而坚持民族气节的事迹。

这部分也是文章着力描写的部分,以精彩的笔墨描写了苏武反抗匈奴统治者招降的种种斗争情形。具体描写到匈奴招降共有三次:

第一次是卫律软硬兼施想迫使苏武投降,被苏武正气凛然的怒斥所喝退,双方矛盾斗争激烈,场面紧张。

接着写匈奴企图用艰苦的生活条件来消磨苏武的斗志,把他囚禁于地窖中,使他备受饥寒,接着流放苏武到荒无人烟的北海让他牧羊。然而在极端恶劣的环境中,苏武不可磨灭的爱国精神再一次粉碎了匈奴的险恶用心。他手握汉节——国家民族的象征,在九死一生中维持着一个使者的使命。这时斗争是相对缓和的,直接表现的是苏武与自然环境做斗争。

第三次是故友李陵劝降。这段描写不但表现了苏武可贵的气节,同时也刻画了叛将李陵的复杂心态。他那尚未泯灭的爱国之情、羞恶之心在苏武的崇高境界面前被唤醒了,其内心剖白真实感人。

李陵在劝苏武时曾说:“陛下春秋高,法令亡常,大臣亡罪夷灭者数十家”,这是作者借李陵之口表达对汉武帝动辄杀戮大臣的残忍行为的不满,也是《汉书》中少有的表现批判统治者的进步思想倾向之处。而苏武与李陵的对答针锋相对,波澜起伏,非常精彩,人物之声气跃然纸上。此处苏武的斗争对象是交情很深而今已是敌对阵营的故友,双方的心态都比较复杂,而作者的描写也很到位,是这部分最出彩之处。

9.汉昭帝登位,几年后,匈奴和汉达成和议。汉廷寻求苏武等人,匈奴撒谎说苏武已死。后来汉使者又到匈奴,常惠请求看守他的人同他一起去,在夜晚见到了汉使,原原本本地述说了几年来在匈奴的情况。告诉汉使者要他对单于说:“天子在上林苑中射猎,射得一只大雁,脚上系着帛书,上面说苏武等人在北海。”汉使者万分高兴,按照常惠所教的话去责问单于。单于看着身边的人十分惊讶,向汉使道歉说:“苏武等人的确还活着。”

10.单于召集苏武的部下,除了以前已经投降和死亡的,总共跟随苏武回来的有九人。苏武于汉昭帝始元六年(前81年)春回到长安。苏武被扣在匈奴共十九年,当初壮年出使,等到回来,胡须头发全都白了。

第三部分即文章最后两节,介绍了苏武被放回国的经过。

课文最后一句“留匈奴凡十九岁,始以强壮出,及还,须发尽白”,看似平实记述,细细品味却包含着作者诸多感情。人生不过百年,十九年何其太长!苏武“强壮出”,出使时正当壮年,及回归故国时已是“须发尽白”,一生大好时光都在煎熬中过去了,作者的叹惋之情溢于言表,而能为信念坚执如此确实令人敬佩!幸而虽历尽磨难,终于完成了使者的任务,维护了国家尊严,保持了民族气节,且荣归故里,作者欣慰之感也显而易见。可以说这句表达的是作者与读者共同的心声。

三 : 【人教版必修四“快与慢”作文讲评材料】

四 : 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

慈禧的满棺珍宝流向何处 外研版必修四Module_6_Unexplained_Mysteries_of_the_Natural_World

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五 : Unit1名师点津(新人教版必修四)

ⅰ. 单项填空
1. someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ________a good researcher.
a. make                    b. turn
c. get                      d. grow
解析:选a。make表示“(使)成为”,为及物动词;turn表示“变成,变为”,为不及物动词;get表示“变成,做成”,为不及物动词;grow表示“生长,成长”。根据句意及句式结构,空格处应使用及物动词表示“(使)成为”之意。故a项符合语境。
2. although the teacher didn’t mention any names,everybody knew who he was  ________.
a. speaking to        b. turning to
c. referring to               d. talking to
解析:选c。句意:尽管老师没有提到任何名字,但每个人都知道他指的是谁。refer to在此表示“提到,谈及”。
3. tom, ________ yourself. have you already forgotten the rules i told you?
a. behave                   b. respect
c. consider                  d. entertain
解析:选a。句意:tom规矩点,你忘了我告诉你的那些规矩了吗?behave oneself意为“规矩点”。
4. everything  ________ into consideration,they ought to have another chance.
a. to take                   b. taken
c. to be taken                d. taking
解析:选b。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。根据短语take sth. into consideration“考虑到某事”的结构分析,此处把该短语的宾语everything提前,所以应该使用过去分词表示被动。
5. he failed the midterm examination and only then ________how much time he had wasted.
a. he realized                b. did he realize
c. he had realized            d. had he realized
解析:选b。本题考查动词的时态和倒装句的用法。根据语法要求only引导状语位于句首时,需要使用倒装句结构。而该状语only then表明了动作发生在过去。
6. we had wanted to finish our task by noon,but it didn’t quite  ________.
a. find out          b. give out
c. hand out                  d. work out
解析:选d。本题考查短语动词辨析。句意:我们原本想中午前完成任务,但是结果并不如愿。find out发现;give out分发,用尽;hand out分发;work out结果。根据句意,work out为正确选项。
7. lucy has ________all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
a. acquired                  b. finished
c. concluded                 d. achieved
解析:选d。本题考查固定搭配,achieve one’s goals意为“实现目标”。
8. on his way to the airport,it ________him all of a sudden that he had forgotten his passport.
a. hit                       b. knocked
c. occurred                  d. beat
解析:选a。考查固定句型。it hits/hit sb. that. . . 意为“某人突然想到……”。
9. —it was ________of jack to turn off the radio when i was sleeping in the bedroom.
—so he was.
a. reasonable                 b. sensible
c. considerate                d. generous
解析:选c。考查形容词辨析。considerate考虑周到的,为(他人)着想的,体贴的。reasonable合情理的,讲道理的,公道的;sensible明智的,有感觉的;generous慷慨的,大方的。
10. the new equipment ________the disabled during the XX beijing paralympics.
a. was intended for            b. was intended to
c. intended for               d. intended to
解析:选a。be intended for sb. 为固定短语,表示专供某人使用。句意:这些新设备是XX年北京残奥会期间专供残疾人使用的。
ⅱ. 阅读理解
a
(XX年重庆第一次诊断)new york-wednesday,october fifteenth,is the first global hand washing day. activities are planned in more than twenty countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap.
experts say people around the world wash their hands but very few use soap at so?called critical moments. these include after using the toilet,after cleaning a baby and before touching food.
global hand washing day is the idea of the public?private partnership for hand washing with soap. the goal,they say,is to create a culture of hand washing with soap. the organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease?causing germs(病菌). they say the correct way to wash hands is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap. rub it into all areas,including under the fingernails. then,rinse well under running water. finally,dry your hands with a clean cloth.
the partnership says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend washing. soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs. and it usually leaves a pleasant smell,which increases the likelihood that people will wash again.
it also says washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet could save more lives than any medicine. it could help reduce cases of diarrhea (痢疾),which is the second leading cause of child deaths,killing more than one and a half million children a year,by almost half.
1. the most suitable title for the text would be ________.
a. hand washing brings good health
b. hand washing gets a day of its own
c. it is soap that matters
d. partnership for hand washing takes action
解析:选b。主旨大意题。本文是新闻报道,通常第一段就是文章的中心段,根据本段前半部分内容可判断此项最能概括文章大意。
2. the partnership creates global hand washing day to  ________.
a. call on people to wash hands
b. help the developing countries
c. promote the importance of soap in hand washing
d. make a culture of hand washing in the third world
解析:选c。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知其目的是宣传肥皂在洗手中的重要作用。
3. the following facts can explain why soap is important except that ________.
 a. soap gives people a longer hand washing time
 b. soap helps to get rid of more germs off hands
 c. soap attracts people to do more hand washing
 d. soap gets people into the habit of washing hands
解析:选d。细节理解题。由第四段内容可知a、b、c三项正确;文章中没有提到肥皂能够让人养成洗手的习惯。
4. according to the last paragraph,diarrhea is a disease that ________.
a. kills half of the kids in developing countries
b. causes the greatest number of child deaths
c. can be prevented by washing hands with soap
d. makes soap stand out in hand washing
解析:选c。推理判断题。文章最后一段指出用肥皂洗手几乎可以使痢疾的发病率降低一半,由此可推测,痢疾是一种可以通过用肥皂洗手的方式预防的疾病。
b
one of the main decisions you must make when traveling is deciding where to stay. a good place to stay can often make a holiday. whether you are looking for a classy hotel or a night under the stars,we can guide you through your different options.
bed and breakfast
an english invention,bed and breakfasts offer exactly what they suggest,a bed for the night and breakfast in the morning. people who hate the anonymity of hotels but want more luxury than a hostel often choose to stay at bed and breakfasts. “b&b’s”,usually someone’s private home,are often found in the countryside.
hostels
for those traveling on a tight budget,hostels are the best accommodation option. informal places usually with a friendly youthful vibe,they offer dormitory beds for rent. bathrooms are usually down the hall.
remember to check reviews by previous guests online before you book your hostel.
couch surfing
an unusual but interesting option,couch surfing is a growing trend among young internationals. the idea is that you become a member of the online couch­surfing community (www. couchsurfing. com) and then when you travel,look up other members in that country and ask to stay on their couch(沙发). most hosts will suggest sightseeing trips and take you out in the evening,making it a great way to see things that aren’t in your guidebook. and remember,it may be free but don’t forget to offer to buy your host a drink or dinner.
camping
sleeping under the stars! for budget travelers staying at camping grounds is the cheapest way to travel. the drawback is that you have to carry a tent with you. camping grounds can be found across europe,america and australia. however,if you intend on camping in busy cities,check first where the nearest campsite is. more often than not,they are on the outskirts,which can mean lengthy bus rides into town when you want to eat or see the sights.
【解题导语】 出门旅行,住宿是一大问题。本文为手头紧张的出门旅游者介绍了四种住宿方式:住宿兼次日早餐的旅馆,青年宿舍,睡沙发旅行和露宿,并介绍了各自的优点和不足之处。
5. hostels are popular among budget travelers because they provide ________.
a. a friendly atmosphere
b. dormitory beds for sale
c. reviews by previous guests
d. beds and bathrooms as well
解析:选a。考查细节理解。hostels一节说,这些非正式的场所给你一种友好的充满青春活力的氛围(friendly youthful vibe)。
6. the advantage of couch surfing is that ________.
a. you don’t have to pay any money
b. you can have a couch to sleep on
c. you can explore the nightlife there
d. the host will charge you for sightseeing
解析:选c。考查推理判断。couch surfing下谈到旅游时寻找这样的家庭,主人给你提供自家的沙发代替旅馆,在夜晚,主人会带你出去转悠,你能看见在旅游指南上找不到的东西。
7. the disadvantage of camping is that you have to ________.
a. sleep in the open air
b. take some extra articles
c. camp near big cities for safety
d. take a long distance bus to the campsites
解析:选b。考查推理判断。最后一节谈到露宿,说它能让你在星空下睡觉,不方便的地方是你出门时得带着帐篷,因此选b,要额外携带一些物品。
8. you want a better but not too expensive place to stay,you may choose ________.
a. bed and breakfast      b. hostels
c. couch surfing               d. camping
解析:选a。考查推理判断。本文介绍了四种经济的出行方式:住宿兼次日早餐的旅馆,青年宿舍,睡沙发旅行和露宿。从各部分的介绍看,a项相对来说条件更好,它比青年宿舍更舒服一些,又不像旅馆那么贵。
ⅲ. 任务型读写
(安徽省合肥八中XX届高三第二次月考)
some common tips can help you in preventing air journey problems. these tips are very common but you can travel happily if you follow them.
go to a journey with a minimum sized bag.
you can bring your own food for journey to make sure that you get what you want to eat. bring at least a magazine or a book to avoid boredom.
you can eat at the airport before you take off so as to make sure that you do not feel hungry during the journey. the basic idea is that you should not feel hungry or get bored during the journey as it might spoil your mood.
when boarding the plane,do notice the place of exit. also,count the number of rows you have to pass from the exit. doing this can help you to have a better idea of escaping from the plane in case of any emergency.
read the manual or instructions provided by the staff. a plane for a safer journey will make you feel cool and relaxed at the time of traveling.
if you buy tickets online,call airline,and ask them to assign you a seat right away. if you come at the last moment,just before your plane takes off,you might not get a desired seat.
sometimes,planes are overbooked,and if you are not assigned a seat,you might be forced to fly by another flight.
make sure you keep everything you need before you take off. avoid checking your bag again and again. keep your money safe.
the best way to avoid problem is to make a note of everything you have in your bag. in this way,you can never forget anything important.
helpful 1.  ________for a happy air journey

the purpose of giving the tips to help you to prevent air journey 2.  ________. 
before your journey pack up a bag in a minimum 3.  ________.
bring your own food to make sure that you get what you want to eat.
take a magazine or a book in case of 4.  ________bored.
when you 5. _______ the plane pay much attention to the place of exit and count the 6.  ________of the rows you have to pass from the exit.
read the manual or instructions and make a plan for a 7.  ________journey.
the way to buy tickets online after getting tickets online,you’d better ask airline to assign you a seat on the 8.  ________.
the best 9.  ________to avoid problems 10.  ________everything you want to take for your journey.
答案:1. tips/instructions 2. problems 3. size 4. feeling/getting 5. board 6. number 7. safe 8. phone 9. way/method 10. list

本文标题:人教版高中语文必修四-鲁人版高中必修1第四单元作文:失之交臂的幸福
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