一 : 70三峡大坝英语导游词
三峡大坝英语导游词
The Three Gorge Dam
Dear friends
Welcome to Yichang. I’m your tour guide in Yichang, my name is Wang Jing, you can call me Xiao Wang. I’m from Xiazhou International Travel Service. Now, bring your belongings with you, and follow me to coach. Ok, let me introduce our driver, his name is Li Yao, you can call him Li Shifu, here is our itinerary for these days. If you have some difficulties, please let me know, I would be very happy to help you. My contact way is in it. You must be very tired after a long journey. We are going to Taohualing Hotel and take a rest. Here is our hotel, please give me your ID and I’ll help you to register. Hi, here are your room cards and remember we’ll meet at the gate at 8:00 tomorrow morning, we will visit Three Gorges Dam.
Hi, good morning, You look better than yesterday. Now collect your belongings and get on the bus. Hello, we ‘ll visit the Three Gorges Dam. It may take you half an hour bus from the Yichang urban to the dam area. Let me tell you something about it, The Three Gorges Dam is the first 5A-class tour sites in Yichang and has been listed as one of the first national demonstrations on industrial tourism. As the world largest hydropower project, the Three Gorges Project is located at the Zhongbao Island near Sandouping in Yichang, and about 37 km away from the Gezhouba Hydropower project in the downstream. The whole construction is completed according to the plan of “first class development, complete construction, reservoir by stages, and continuous immigrants”. The total construction period lasted for 17 years including three phases. The first phase was from 1993 to 1997; the second phase was from 1998 to 2003; and the third one is from 2004 to 2009. The total investment is estimated to be RMB 203.9 billion Yuan. The reservoir will submerge about 1.1318 million people to immigrate to higher place. When this project is finally completed, the reserved water level will reach 175 m, with total reservoir capacity of 39.3 billion cubic meters.
Tanzi Ling (Peak Crock) Scenic Spot
Here we are the top of the Dam area, the Tangzi Ling (Peak Crock),with a height of 242.48 m. And we can overlook the general of Three Gorges Project and Dam Area.
The name is from its shape of upside down crock. It’s said that in the ancient time, when Da Yu led people dredge the watercourse and fought against the flood, he was too involved to enter the door even when he passed his home third times. With the help of magic bull, he excavated 200-km watercourse. In order to thank his achievement, people sent him 24 pigs and a big crock of wine by boat. When the boat reached Sandouping (the Project site), they saw the magic bull going away on clouds and leaving its image in mountains, where was called the Bull Rock later. Hastily, Da Yu followed the bull, leaving a big rock for memory. People were deeply moved by what
happened, and kept the boat waiting in the river. Later, the boat turned into an island, called Zhongbao Island. 24 pigs were down into the river turning into 24 reefs. And that big wine crock was set in the left bank turning into now called Tanzi Ling.
The Model Hall of the Three Gorges Project 模型室
On the Tanzi Ling, we first visit the Hall of the Project Model, where shows the whole mini construction of the Project. And there we can view real part of the Eternal Riverbed Rock, the Sill under the Dam and the Damming Rock. Then we climbed the peak top and overlook the overall appearance of the Three Gorges Project.
These models lay out the complete project with a scale of 1:850. As the largest one in the world, the Project with large installed capacity and huge engineering scope will bring out marked and integrated benefits. With13 tops in the world, this project is not only for flood control but also giving great benefits to the later generations, showing great role in comprehensive national strength increase of China.
The Project body consists of the main dam, generation stations and navigation building. The concrete gravity main dam is about 2309 m in length and 185 m in height. And the dam top width is 15 m, while the bottom one is 124 m. The discharge dam is in the middle of the Main Dam, while power generation stations are in both ends. The 483-meter discharge dam consists of 22 overflows and 23 deep overflows, functioning as flood discharge and sludge remove.
The generation stations are in the both ends of the main dam. 14 generators are installed for left generation stations, while 12 for right ones. With 700 thousand kW capacity for each, the installed capacity will reach 18.2 million kW and 84.7 billion kW/h each year, which accounts for 1/9 of the nation total and is 5.3 times of the Gezhouba project’s total.
The navigation buildings consist of two-way 5-stage ship lock and ship elevator. The ship lock is 6442 m in length and 300 m in width, with two way and 5 stages. And it is divided into 10 rooms, 280 m in length and 34 m in width for each, with minimum water depth of 5 m; the fall between upstream and downstream is 113 m, suitable for 10 thousand tonnages ships. But it takes almost two and half hour to pass through the lock. Therefore, the ship elevator is designed for fast navigation for medium and small ships below 3000 tonnages. The elevator container is about 120 m in length and 18 m in width, with minimum water depth of 3.5 m. And it only needs 30-40 minutes for these ships to pass through the dam.
Eternal Riverbed Rock万年江底石
This is a riverbed rock. It’s granite, with weight over 20 ton. Commonly we call it the “Eternal Riverbed Rock”. Actually, it’s over 0.8 billion years old. From this rock, people get to know the very past of the Yangtze River. Now, on the rock, we can see some bore holes, which were left by the geologists and the hydropower s when investing the dam site. And this rock was originally excavated from the footing groove of cofferdam['k?f?,d?m] during the 2 phase construction
period.
The Damming Rock 截流石
This is the damming rock, a double sized model. We put it here to make it a symbol of the spirit of water controlling. The real rock is triangle tetrahedro, with each side length of 2.5m, and weight of 28 ton. In 1981, rocks used for damming the Yangtze River at the Gezhouba Project were just half the size. This shape was approved by the modern technology as the best to fight against the rip current. When thrown into the water, its sharp edge cuts into silt to make it stable in the flow. So rocks of this shape, representing the modern hydro technology, have been applied for both Gezhouba Project and Three Gorges Project.
The Sill under the Dam
This columned rock pillar is a sample of the sill under the dam. Before the construction, there used to be an island, Zhongbao Island, in the center of Yangtze River. And this rock was drilled out from the rock formation under the island. Been considered and approved over 70 years, the Yangtze Three Gorges Project site was finally set at the Zhongbao Island. And now, this island is disappeared. So this rock shows both memory and witness for the great Three gorges Project.
The great Embossment浮雕群
This embossment is called “the headstream breeding the life”. The big copper plate embossment in the front looks like a generating wheel in water, and 3 strong men are rotating it hand, representing a spirit that the world is living on the water. On two sides of the copper embossment, there is a tiger and a phoenix telling the specific geographic location and the cultural background of the Three gorges Project because the Chu People adored the phoenix while the Ba people adored the tiger. The commanding tiger and the illustrious phoenix are the best representatives of the people in the Three Gorges to tell the world their dreams of the dam. Please take a careful look at the both sides, the figures on the top right side are a modern man and the legend Da Yu. They are lapping over each other to show two Chinese characters, the “big” and the Man”. With a sill rock core in hand, the modern man represents the advanced hydropower technology. A shovel in hand, the legend Da Yu tells the long history of the Chinese fighting against the floods. The background here is the great scenery of the dam construction. Starting from the left, it also shows the sceneries of the great immigration movement, the industries of the stockbreeding and the shipping. There are characters like laborious women, lovely kids, and the reliable husband. Dramatically, there are three fairies flying there in the sky. Together with the other fairies on the whole picture, there are 12 of them in total standing for the 12 peaks among the Wu Mountains. Turn to look the figures at the bottom; the leading character is a young lady together with a fairy. The flowers and fruits symbolize the sweet love and the happy ideals. Meanwhile, the plant, animals, and fishes in the background are telling the environment of the Three gorges. The figure of the Easter Pearl Tower, the Shanghai Port, and the buildings in the bund areas signify the contribution that this project will make for the region along the mid and the down stream of the Yangtze. Additionally, some other figures are also show in the picture like the fairies playing
music, dance of the Ba People, the thousand-hands Kwan-yin, and etc.
Echoing with the figures in the front, the central embossment in the back is the legendary that the magic bull helped Da Yu excavate the gorges. On both of the tow sides, there are the paintings of the gorges and the waters. In the gorges, there is an ancient picture showing the poor boatman, the boat trackers, and the people plunged into an abyss of misery, which tell you the worst living condition of the people in the Three
Gorges region in ancient times. On two sides, there are the sun, the moon, the Polaris, and the Big Dipper, composing a small celestial body. The flowing water splashing on the grass links together the figure of the whole embossment to show the strong culture connotation of the union of the space, the earth, and the human.
Sightseeing Platform on Tanzi Ling坛子岭观景台
Here we are the sightseeing platform at the top of the Tanzi Ling, and here is the best place to view the entire construction site. Firstly, we ca see the main dam, where was former main navigation route. And next to the south bank is the 3 phase site of the Three Gorges Project, where will set the right bank generation stations. Please look at the further city at the mountainside of the opposite bank, it’s the new city of Zigui County. The reserved water has submerged the old city. And national government chose the mountainside as the new city site, and kept 30 thousand immigrants from places below the 175-meter water level. And look to the downstream, you will find the entire construction of the permanent ship lock. So here is the place “when standing at the top summit, we will see how small the surroundings are”.
185 Sightseeing Stand
The so called 185 sightseeing stand is the start place of the main dam, which got the name from its height of 185 m. Now we are here, and I will give you a brief introduction to this main dam.
Firstly, please allow me to ask you a question: how many dams have been finished in the world? Maybe we all know there are too many, but no exact numbers. From the material aspect, all these dams can be sorted in two types: one is earth rockfill dam made from earth, grit and rocks; and the other is plaster dam made of rocks or concretes. And the Three Gorges Dam is the latter one.
Before, we said this dam is concrete gravity dam, and now it belongs to plaster dam, why? Here plaster refers to bricklaying, tiling. And now the concrete has replaced bricks, with better reliability and operation.
Although the section of this gravity dam is large enough for safety, it will also split off after a certain time for its high intensity. The cause is the adhesive of concrete dam, the cement. During the solidifying process, the cement will release heat, especially in summer, this heat will cause high temperature; but the solidified dam will shrink and cool, if limited, the shrink will cause cracks. And large cracks are very dangerous for the concrete dam, so there must some cool
measures for the concrete structure. The traditional measure was firstly from American. That is to add cool aggregate and ice while mixing the concrete and place water pipes inside the dam for water cool. As a result, the builders call this “Feed Ice and Water for Concrete Dam”.
Sightseeing Stand at the Dam Top
Ladies and gentlemen, please look down the dam, the extra water or flood will discharged by this discharge dam at the middle of the main dam. The discharge dam is 483 in length, consisting of 23 deep outlets, 22 overflows and 22 bottom outlets. The bottom outlets have been submerged since the first water reserve in June of 2003.
Normally, the speed of the water column from the deep outlet can reach 110 km/h, even 120 km/h when eater level equals to 175 m. Looking at this high speed water, maybe everyone would worry about the down stream’s safety if the dam was destroyed in war.
The Three Gorges Project is located at the center of China main land, with dam height of 185 m, and total reservoir capacity of 39.3 billion m3. It can effectively control the flood and contribute to the economy and social development. If war took place in China, the Project would be one of main targets. So during the construction period, engineers were well considering its security. As early as October of 1958, former Premier Zhou Enlai established rules for dam security in details: With location in the central china and giant body, the concrete gravity dam is strong enough for conventional arms except nuclear ones. However, there are certain measures in case of nuclear attack. Besides, approved by hundreds of model test, the downstream gorges and watercourse are long and bend enough to decrease the flow speed and power. And later, the water will flow into bill areas where speed and power are decreased again. Then the water will be controlled in safe.
In case of emergency, most water in reservoir can be empted to prevent main dam from break.
Damming Memorial Park
The damming memory park is located in the right bank of the main dam, covering an area of 90,000 m2. Here will take you back to the great historical damming moment by site remains show, scene play, video illustration, and historical records etc.
Before, Chairman Mao Zedong described the plan “To rebuild the steles, to remove the clouds among Wu Mountains, and make a lake among high gorges mountains”. And now, all these have come true. Following the steps of Da Yu, thousands of builders have dammed the Yangtze 3 times within 37 km in Xiling gorge, and successfully built 2 main dams. And now, all of us can even image the complex technology and hard construction. But we are setting foot in this memorial park, sharing both top records in the world and the theme of spirit for builders to work all out in heave struggle.
This memorial park consists of material section, technology exhibit section, acting section, and tour & entertainment section. The material section is the former material site for construction in
70三峡大坝英语导游词_三峡大坝导游词
the right bank. The giant tetrahedron spreading in the grass are the remains of damming rocks, which vividly show us the great of damming in the Yangtze River. And the giant construction machines, used to be “heavy weapons” for successful damming. In the technology exhibit hall, we will back to the damming historic moment by the modem image reproduction system. In the acting square, engineering cultural shows will carry on every day. By these shows, we will follow the builders to recall true stories in the damming project.
While in the damming memorial park, we will find the advancement of the modern society, as well as the enchantment of the improved science technology.; The three damming project in the Yangtze River, are not only the proud of the Chinese people, but also a resplendent new page in the world hydropower developing history.
We’ll stop here and return to our coach by transfer bus, please follow me with your transfer tickets.
各位朋友：
大家好！欢迎您到三峡大坝参观游览！下面我将通过介绍，使大家对工程有一个较为全面的了解。
我们现在所看到的是三峡工程的1：1250的微缩模型，它反映的是2009年三峡工程全面竣工之后的坝区景观。先让我们来确认一下我们目前所处的方位吧！刚才各位途径享有“公路博物馆”之美誉的三峡工程专用公路、坝区主干道江峡大道后，经过了永久船闸，然后盘山而上来到了三峡坝区15.28平方公里征地范围内的海拔制高点—坛子岭。坛子岭因其山体形状酷似四川人做泡菜的坛子倒扣在山顶上而得名，海拔262.48米，只要大家登上坛子岭的顶部观景台，便可俯瞰三峡坝区的施工全貌，饱览西陵峡黄牛岩的秀丽风光和秭归新县城的远景。因此，坛子岭作一个永久性的观景台，随时欢迎您的到来。
模型上的蓝色水流代表长江，长江的左岸右岸是如何区分的呢？顺水而立，您的右手方向为右岸，即通常所说的江南，相对地，各位刚才来的这一边为长江的左岸，即为江北，背对的是长江的下游宜昌方向。
宏伟的长江三峡工程主体建筑物由横跨长江的拦河大坝、位于其中段的泄洪坝段、左右岸发电厂房及通航建筑物组成。
拦河大坝以185平台为左岸起点，延伸到长江南岸的白岩尖，轴线全长约为2309米，属于混凝土重力坝（用混凝土浇筑的依靠坝体的自重来对抗库区的水压和其它荷载作用不同于另一种坝—拱坝）。坝顶是沟通江南与江北的公路，宽度为15米，大坝底部宽度为124米，如果您从侧面看这个大坝剖面，它呈现为直角梯形，大坝的海拔高程与185平台等高，为海拔185米。这样，万里长江就将在西陵峡中段被拦腰截断，从三峡大坝直至上游重庆市六百多公里的水路形成了一个天然的河道型水库，水库容量为393亿立方米，正常水库水位是海拔175米，洪水来临之前，将水位降低至海拔145米，这样防洪库容量达到221.5亿立方。 中段的泄洪坝段长483米，22个溢流表孔（宽为8米，堰顶高程156米，主要作用是泄洪）与23个溢流深孔（7米×9米，孔底高程为90米，主要作用是冲沙。）主要承担渲泄洪水和清除泥沙的任务，泄洪的设计最大流量是11.6万立方米/秒，相当于千年一遇的洪水流量，因为历史上长江上最大的洪水发生于1870年，当时的最大水流量为10.8万立方米/秒。黄陵庙的木柱上就留下了当时的水迹，这为我们的三峡工程的设计提供了珍贵的水文质料。相信1998年的洪水给大家留下了深刻的印象，荆江大堤全面告急、牌洲湾决口、九江新区被淹，
直接经济损失高达1600亿，这次洪水的最大流量是6.8万立方米/秒。所以在大坝竣工之后，荆江河段的防洪标准将大大提高。
左岸发电厂房安装了14台水电机组，右岸发电厂房安装12台水电机组，每台机组的单机容量为70万千瓦。相当于一个丹江口水电站的发电量。这样大容量的发电机组目前在全世界仅有21台，其中目前居世界第一位的巴西和巴拉圭合建的伊泰普水电站拥有18台，目前居世界第三位的美国大古力水电站拥有3台，而将来三峡水电站将拥有26台水电机组（每台机组重达600吨超过埃菲尔铁塔），总装机容量达1820万千瓦，年发电量847依度，相当于葛洲坝水电站年发电量的6.5倍，相当于广东大亚湾核电站年发电量的10倍，于当今世界最大的伊泰普水电站相比，其三峡大坝为中心，可以输送到1200平方公里左右，最东—上海；最西—兰州；最南—广州；最北—天津，源源不断地输向华中、华东和四川东部地区，促进这些地区的水电开发和经济腾飞，实现“西电东送”的战略格局。水能是清洁的可再生能源，不会消耗自然资源和造成环境污染。三峡工程每年可以节约四千万吨至五千万吨的原煤，减少火力发电，减轻环境污染，从而优化中国的能源结构。
工程的第三大部分包括两个永久性的通航建筑物，一个是大家刚才路过的永久船闸（既双线五级船闸），另一个是单线一级垂直升船机。由人工开挖的永久船闸镶嵌于花岗岩山体之中，全称为双线五线连续梯级船闸，它是世界上最大的内河船闸，上下游水位落差高达113米（上游水位海拔高度为175米，下游葛洲坝库区水位海拔高度为62米，这么高的水位落差相当于一个三十多层高的摩天大厦）；所谓“双线”，既大家看到的两个凹槽，是两条单行航道，一条为上行船的航道，另一条为下行船的航道，永久船闸使船在这儿上通下达，互不干扰，井然有序地过闸；所谓“五级”，是说永久船闸分为五个层次，类似人们经常爬的楼梯，那么两条航道、五级梯级便拥有十个小闸室。每个小闸室的尺寸大小与宜昌市葛洲坝二号船闸的尺寸相同，长280米，宽34米，最小水深为5米，船经过一次葛洲坝二号船闸时间至少为30分钟，那么连续过五级葛洲坝二号船闸，从时间上看至少要两个半小时了。讲到这里，有的游客也许会问：“中小型客船怎样过坝呢？是否也要花费这么长时间呢？”那么我可以请大家放心，为了使普通客货轮能快速过坝，我们在185平台旁设计了另外一个永久性的通航建筑物—单线一级垂直升船机。如果说船过永久船闸类似人慢慢地爬楼梯的话，那么垂直升船机便类似人们乘坐电梯了。其实，垂直升船机的机械原理与大家常乘坐的升降电梯的原理类似。垂直升船机有一个巨大的承船箱（有效尺寸为长120米，宽18米，水深3.5米）当船到来的时候将闸门打开，让船和水安全进入承船箱内部，当水深达到3.5米时，闸门关闭，依靠我们在上方安装的八台卷扬机提供动力，通过192根纵横交错的钢缆将船、水、人、承船箱一齐提升或下降113米，前后不过30—40分钟便可过坝，但是垂直升船机的最大承重量是11800吨（超过目前最大的同类设施——比利时拦海大坝提升机的7800吨），所以它一次性只能提升一只三千吨以下的小船，三千吨以上的大船和万吨级船队还是要从永久船闸驶过。参观完宏伟壮观的三峡工程后，可以乘车下行，也可以乘船继续游览三峡的美丽景色。 从航运效率上来说，在上游水库的江面上，从宜昌至重庆航程便可节约5—6个小时，而且将来万吨级船队就可以全年从武汉市直达重庆市，长江将成为一条名副其实的“黄金水道”。长江横贯中国东西，干流延展18个省市，水运条件十分优越，素有“黄金水道”之称长期以来，虽然国家对航道和港口进行了较大规模大的整治和建设，但长江航运发展仍未能适应国民经济发展的需要，特别是宜昌至重庆650公里川江航道，落差大、水流急、险滩密布，事故多发生在此地。自古以来“蜀道难，难于上青天”之说，就包括江水行船的艰难。三峡工程建成后，回水至重庆巴县，险滩淹没，航道加宽，水流趋缓，可改善航道650公里，时速由目前15公里/小时提高到30公里/小时，万吨级船队一年中有50%的时间可由武汉直抵重庆，运输成本可降35%—37%，结合港口建设和船舶现代化，下水单向年通航能力将从目前的1000万吨增加到5000万吨。同时由于水库的调节，宜昌以下的枯水量从目前的3000
立方米/秒左右增加到5000立方米/秒以上，从而增加中游荆江河段的枯水航深，有利于航道的维护和船舶运行。从这个意义上讲，三峡工程的兴建将促进长江航运事业的进一步发展，提高行运的安全度，加强西南、华中、华东、三大经济区的联系，促进沿江长江经济带的发展。
纵观三峡工程主体建筑，可以看出，长江三峡工程具有三大显著的综合效益：防洪、发电、航运。其他的效益还有南水北调、开发性移民、水产养殖、旅游观光、环境保护、农田灌溉、等等。三峡库区对周围地区气候有明显的调节作用，冬季气温对库区柑桔生长有利，夏季降温对缓解重庆、万县等地气温有利。三峡工程的兴建将使长江中下游城镇的供水和农田排灌用水用电有了保证，对跨流域南水北调提供了充足的水源。通过发展水库水产养殖业和旅游业，将有力促进改三峡库区的经济发展。
三峡工程自从1919年由孙中山先生在《建国方案》中提出，经历七、八十年的中外专家反复考察论证，其可行性方案于1992年全国人大七界五次会议中通过。大坝坝址终于选在长江三峡西陵峡中段的宜昌三斗坪镇，距下游的反调节水库葛洲坝水路距离是38公里。这与它得天独厚的地址地形条件分不开，庙河宽谷河床的开阔有利于容纳布置工程众多的建筑物，坝址基石为坚硬的花岗岩，是世界公认的建筑大坝的最好的地址构造，江心有狭长的沙洲—中堡岛，将江水一分为二，一边为大江，一边为后河，为大坝提供了分期施工、分期导流的条件。
三峡工程总工期长达17年，从1993—2009年我们把它分为三期工程。
三峡工程的动态投资2000多个亿，三峡发电站发电功能巨大， 5年之内，就可以收回成本，三峡工程不仅给我们带来了光明，而且创造了财富，经济效益非常显著。
在三峡大坝的下游方向，有座设计美观的大桥—西陵长江大桥，其造型与美国西海岸的旧金山金门跨海大桥类似。西陵长江大桥属于第四代桥梁—悬索桥，桥面设有4车道，于1996年8月10日建成通车。它的特点是没有桥憞，由两根塔柱及两根钢缆来承担重量，其载重量为290吨，桥身全身为1118。66米，跨度居中国第三为900米（前二名分别为香港的青马跨海大桥、江苏江阴长江大桥），桥两端的塔柱海拔高程为187。5米，只比未来的大坝高出2。5米，各位如果有兴趣，回去的途中可以过一过西陵长江大桥，体会一下未来的大坝究竟有多高。也许各位已经注意到了，这座桥的颜色为橘红色，那么为什么我们要将桥身的颜色定为橘红色呢？原因是多方面的。一、橘红色鲜艳醒目，有利于导航；二、橘红色代表富贵吉祥。三、宜昌是全国有名的柑橘之乡。
桥身下面江心绿带为人工修建的隔流堤，长3750米，它将江水一分为二，现在您可看见“半江瑟瑟半江红”的场景，而将来，隔流堤一边为动水区域，高水头泄洪时可观赏雷霆万钧、惊涛拍岸之景，另一边为静水区域，行船时保持、平稳、安静。这就是所谓的“动水发电、静水通航”。
在模型上大家还看得见另外一座大桥—覃家沱特大桥，是进出二期施工现场的主要通道，大量的沙石料、机电设备和人员物质源源不断地通过它运往口子形的围堰基坑。它是亚洲承重量最大的一座桥，最大载重量为690吨。（每台机组的重量为600吨左右）
三峡坝区是一个美丽的旅游度假区，休闲娱乐设施齐全。欢迎各位再次到三峡坝区参观，期望再次与您同游！现在请大家前往坛子岭观景台欣赏坝区全景。如果您还有什么问题，请尽管提出我将尽力为大家解答疑问。
最后在这里谢谢大家对三峡工程的关注！谢谢大家对三峡工程所尽的一份心愿！
二 : 三峡大坝英文导游词
北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词
三 : 三峡大坝英文导游词
Good morning, ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China! Welcome to Hubei Province!北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词
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