一 : 圣伯纳狗(SaintBernard)
概述:
图:慈悲为怀的圣伯纳狗,是当之无愧的犬中“圣徒”
圣伯纳,瑞士国犬,从英文直译过来,是“圣徒伯纳德”。它的外貌、体魄、强有力的四肢和阔大的头部,告诉我们它确系马鲁索斯犬家族的一员。它健美、有力,却总显出一副悲天悯人的表情。它忠诚、亲善,是孩子们天然的、或者说是天赐的守护使者。作为工作犬,它几乎无需接受什么专门的培训,因为涉险搜救、使人免于“白色死亡”(theWhiteDeath。特指死于冰天雪地)是它的天职,这一特殊的本能似乎深深铭刻在它的种姓之中。其非凡的嗅觉使它可以找到埋在雪下几英尺的人;其过人的体力和耐力让它可以背负伤员奔跑数十英里。更为神奇的是,它有着极其发达的知觉和感觉系统,对暴风雨、雪崩之类的突发的危险和事变,似有第六感(即超感),能够准确预测和预报,其实,是因为它能听到频率很低的声音。
一只品性优良、经过训练的圣伯纳是温柔、深情的狗,虽然颇为懒散,但已足以保护你的家园免于侵扰。
圣伯纳:温和、硕大的力量型动物。它聪明,并值得信赖,是饲主家庭所有成员的好伙伴。
别名:
圣伯纳猎犬(St. Bernhardshund), 高山獒犬或阿尔卑斯獒犬(AlpineMastiff),圣伯纳狮犬(Saint Bernard Leon),巴里狗(BarryDog)。
原产地:
瑞士圣伯纳大关口(Switzerland,The Greatof Bernard pass)。
种群划分:
獒犬。被AKC认定为工作犬,同时被FCI认定为无须工作测评(Withoutworking trial)的犬种。
在FCI分类中,被列为第2组即(有德国血统的刚毛小猛犬)和髯狗类(德国种,刚毛、浓眉型),以及马鲁索斯犬和瑞士城堡犬(SwissCastleDogs)类。同时被归入第22-2部分,即马鲁索斯山地犬类(Molossian,Mountaintype)。
认证情况:
1885年,由AKC最先予以认证。
其他认证组织: FCI, ANKC, CKC, UKC,KCGB, NKC, NZKC。
FCI规格排序:第61号。
附:圣伯纳犬 AKC 标准
Pronunciation
Saint BernardDescription
The Saint Bernard is a very large, strong, muscular dog, with apowerful head. As long as the weight stays in proportion with theheight, the taller the dog the more prized. There are two types ofcoat: rough, and smooth, but both are very dense and come in whitewith markings in tan, red, mahogany, brindle, and black - invarious combinations. The face and ears are usually shaded withblack and the expression is intelligent and gentle. In therough-coated dogs, the hair is slightly longer and there isfeathering on the thighs and legs. The feet are large with strongwell-arched toes, making the Saint Bernard's sure-footed in thesnow and ice. They have a highly developed sense of smell and alsoseem to have a sixth sense about impending danger from storms andavalanches.Temperament
They are extremely gentle and friendly and very tolerant ofchildren. The Saint Bernard is slow moving, patient, and obedient.Extremely loyal, this breed wants to please. Since this dog is sogiant, be sure to socialize it very well at a young age with otherpeople. It is highly intelligent and easy to train, howevertraining should begin early, while the dog is still a manageablesize. Bear in mind that an unruly dog of this size presents aproblem for even a strong adult if it is to be exercised in publicareas on a leash, so take control from the onset. The Saint Bernardis a good watchdog. Even its size is a good deterrent. They droolafter they drink or eat.
Height, Weight
Height: 25.5-27.5 inches ( 61-70 cm.)
Weight: 110-200 pounds (50-91 kg)Health Problems
Good health but some are prone to "wobbler" syndrome, heartproblems, skin problems, hip dysplasia, and extropion - a foldingoutward of the eyelid rim, usually on the lower lid. Twistedstomachs should be watched for. As these dogs are prone to bloat,it is best to feed them two or three small meals a day instead ofone large meal.Living Conditions
The Saint Bernard will do okay in an apartment if it issufficiently exercised. They are relatively inactive indoors and asmall yard is sufficient. They can live outdoors, but would muchrather be with their family. They have a low tolerance for hotweather, warm rooms, and cars.Exercise
A long walk each day will keep the Saint Bernard in good condition.Puppies should not have too much exercise at one time until theirbones are well formed and strong. Short walks and brief playsessions are best until the dog is about two years old.LifeExpectancy
About 8-10 years.Grooming
Both types of coats are easy to groom. Comb and brush with a firmbristle brush, and bathe only when necessary. Shampoo may strip thecoat of its oily, water-resistant properties, so use a mild soap.The eyes, which may be inclined to water, need special attention tokeep them clean and free of irritants. This breed sheds twice ayear.Origin
This is a very ancient breed. It was founded in AD 980 by StBernard de Menthon as a refuge for travelers through the perilousAlpine pass between Switzerland and Italy. It is descended from theTibetan mastiff and therefore must have originated with the mastiffbrought to the Alps by the Romans around the year 1000. The monksprobably crossed the ancient mastiff with the Great Dane and theGreat Pyrenees. Its use and popularity as a rescue dog began in themiddle of the seventeenth century. The Saint Bernard was used as anavalanche and rescue dog in the snowy passes near the Hospice. Morethen 2,000 people have been saved by this amazing servant ofmankind. The dogs search out and find the lost or injured traveler,and then lick him and lie next to him to give him warmth. (www.61k.com)Then onedog from the party heads back to the Hospice to get a full rescueteam. The Saint Bernard's sense of smell is so excellent that hecan find a person even under many feet of snow. This breed is alsoknown for his ability to foretell storms and avalanches, perhapsbecause he may hear very low frequency sounds that are beyond ourability to hear. There are two varieties: short-haired andlong-haired. The short-haired variety is more often used formountain work because he can tolerate cold temperatures. Thelong-haired variety's coat tends to collect icicles. Some of theSaint Bernard's talents are search & rescue, watchdogging andcarting.Group
Fondateur de la Congrégation |
Seigneur, tu nous asdonné saint Bernard comme Patron des alpinistes et des habitantsde la montagne. |
本帖中文部分系本人根据有关资料汇编而成,欢迎网络转载,不经允许,不得用于任何商业用途!
二 : 伯欢相狗
从前有一个人叫伯欢,是伯乐的弟弟,只是伯乐会相马,伯欢会相狗。
一天,伯欢在垃圾堆边见了一只流浪狗,全身泥垢,龌龊不堪,不过两只耳朵很大。 伯欢以为是只被遗弃的名贵的狗。不禁痛惜起来,说:“真是苍天弄犬啊,这样的名犬竟然沦落到这地步。上天不公啊!如果除其污垢,它必毛洁光亮;如果冲天而吠,其必汪然有声。”
说着,声泪俱下。向前扶其背,谁知那狗呜呜两声,咬了伯欢一口,然后跑了。谁料两只耳朵竟然掉了下来,定眼一看,竟然是两个白菜叶。
三 : 杨伯和狗
福清人向来爱吃,家乡各处,都有一两条“食街”。在成龙步行街,二中后便有一条小巷,饭馆、面馆、小炒店、卤味店……纷纷在这里聚集,亦成了一条“食街”。一到饭店,油香、菜香、卤料浓香……在小巷上空飘荡、碰撞,那香气,临近四五条街都闻得到。人们说,这条街上养的宠物不会丢,走远了,就会循着饭菜香味找回来。
杨伯的海鲜面馆,就在这小巷当中。小楼有两层,二楼是杨伯自家睡觉休息的地方,一楼便是面馆。杨伯每日清早起来,洗碗筷、净灶台、买肉买菜,手上下翻动在案上和着一大团白面。杨伯做面条自有绝招,别人和的面硬邦邦,杨伯的面柔和,杨伯切面条更有妙处,那刀路又快又稳,不一会便是一大筐面条,拿起来看,每一条面条都不粘连,同粗细。客人一到,把隔夜熬的浓汤端出,炉火一点,面条抛洒,汤沸不久,一碗筋道爽滑的海鲜面便出现在桌上。就这样,杨伯的日子过得也算美满。
杨伯除了一手做海鲜面条的绝活,更有一身精绝的武功,还酷爱养狗。
杨伯养狗,从不养多,但杨伯的狗,在人们口中,都是赞不绝口。
一年的一天,杨伯到附近的山上悠转。没想到遇到了一只狼狗,浑身上下没一丝杂毛,还瘸了一条腿。杨伯看见心里欢喜,问山民,山民们说,这只狗邻近有名,附近几个村子都不时能看到它。村里的年青人带了打鸟的猎枪几次去抓,奇怪的正是这里,狼狗平时不避人,见了人也不绕走的,可只要带枪的青年远远走过,立马消失的无影无踪。
杨伯一听,转回家带了笼子和几样狗喜爱的狗食,在山边转了几天,狼狗竟被杨伯带回了面馆。杨伯怎么抓的狗,谁也不知道,只听有人说,狗知道的事,他都知道,狗不知道的事,他也知道。
过了几年,狼狗死了,打那天起,杨伯坐立不安,想要再找到一只好狗。正逢有个年轻人想要向杨伯拜师学面,听闻杨伯好狗,隔天带来了个大笼子,远远听到笼里狗叫唤。这狗个大,竟如一只小狗一般,通身金黄,两对爪子出奇的大,有婴儿的拳头大小,行动竟如老虎一般雄壮,嗥叫身隔着三间屋子都听得见。杨伯一见大喜,收下了狗,也收下了徒弟。
徒弟说:“这狼狗雄壮,可不服人管,一放出笼就要咬人,它长这么大,能碰到他的人不超过五个。”
杨伯只是笑,他自有他的办法。
第一次把狼狗抓出笼子,是为了清洗笼子。杨伯用破布把手包了一层又一层,好让狼狗下不去嘴。笼子一打开,杨伯手伸进去,狼狗猛地咬在了裹了破布的受伤,死死地咬着。杨伯也不急,只是用那少了一截指头的手轻轻一掐,狼狗竟松动了嘴巴,杨伯手一转,捏着狗脖子便把狼狗提了出来。久了,杨伯抓狼狗,手就是不缠破布,狼狗也不来咬了。
然而这狼狗好比烈马,一时极难驯服。杨伯放狼狗出笼,它便直往门往窗户而去,想要逃脱,一见门窗落锁,便满屋乱窜,打翻了碗盆还撞倒了面粉袋。杨伯把它锁进厕所,它却大声嗥叫起来,整条街,都听的亲切。杨伯不给它吃喝多半天,它才安静了些。
自此,这狼狗却也安静了许多。
一天早晨,杨伯早起和面,狼狗突然爬上案台叫唤,杨伯不解,把它关进笼子关了一日。到晚上放出来,猛一想,奇怪!今日的客人出奇的多,早上做的面条卖完了,又多做了两筐,吃面条的客人,把桌子都摆到了小巷的石板路上。第二日,狼狗又爬上了案叫唤,杨伯比往常多做了一倍的面条,可还是有客人扫兴而归。往后几天,狼狗天天上案叫唤,杨伯日日生意红火。
一次,狼狗竟不叫了,杨伯也没多想,又做了许多面条,等到晚上收摊,一看傻了,还剩小半筐面条!杨伯惊觉——莫不是和这狼狗有关!
以后,杨伯做面条,都按狼狗的来。狼狗叫唤,便多做,狼狗不叫了,就少做些。一天天过去,没有一天面条会卖不完,也没有客人会光顾了却吃不到面条了。杨伯的腰包,也一天天鼓起来。
从此,杨伯分外仔细照料它。杨伯得意他的狼狗,也得意他自己。日子一长,也不闭门窗任其行走,那狼狗也不自己跑掉。
有一天,杨伯母起床,开了窗户伸了个懒腰便下楼洗漱,杨伯起床和面,看不到狼狗伏在案边,急急寻找。寻到楼上,只见窗户开着,窗帘还在晃,探头一看,门前日久的水泥台阶碎了一角,阶下的积水还在荡,石板上,多出了一串婴儿拳头大小的脚印。
杨伯失落了好几天,后来和人聊天,突然说了一句话:“它从自然中来,也要回到自然中去吧。”
从此,杨伯从不养狼狗。
高二:高子新
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