一 : In western culture, ______ is often used to descri
| In western culture, ______ is often used to describe a woman who is cruel. |
| [ ] |
| A. the dog B. the cat C. the tiger D. the lion |
| B |
考点：
考点名称：名词名词:名词分类:
一、按意义分类
1．专有名词
表示具体的人，事物，地点，团体或机构的专有名称（第一个字母要大写）。
例：China（中国）、Asia（亚洲） Beijing（北京）、the People’s Republic of China（中华人民共和国）。
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词the。
如：the Great Wall（长城）。
姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）。
如：the Greens( 格林一家人）。
2．普通名词
表示某些人，某类事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
例如：teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。
普通名词又可进一步分为五类：
①个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示单个的人和事物。
（car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片）
②集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )
③复合名词：两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词
（boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄）
④物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。
( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )
⑤抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。
( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )
二、按是否可数分类
名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）
1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；
它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词，物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词
2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式。
名词易混点举例：
一.有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：
work（工作） ——a work （著作）;
glass（玻璃）——a glass （玻璃杯）;
aper（纸） ——a paper（报纸；文件；试卷）
tea（茶） ——a tea （一种茶）（表示种类）;
wood（木头） ——a wood （小树林）;
room（空间） ——a room （房间）
二.容易混淆的名词
1.work/job
①work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。
②job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。
job意思是a piece of work，指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作，实际含义是“职业”，
而work通常指抽象意义上的工作，是不可数名词，也可指“工作场所”。如:
I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.
2. wish / hope
①wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如:
I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。
②hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;
wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:
I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。
I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)
③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈;
而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:
I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。
④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如:
I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。
3.silly/stupid/foolish
三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。
stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;
silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩;
foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:
He is stupid in learning math.
他学数学很笨。
Stop asking such silly questions.
别再问这样傻的问题了。
You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.
你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。
4.instead/instead of
instead/instead of
instead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。
而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:
Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.
杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。
If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.
如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。
Could I have tuna instead of ham?
我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿？
Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.
王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。
5.frightened/afraid/terrible
frightened/afraid/terrible
①frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
②afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地“惧怕”某事物, 泛指一种“恐惧心理”;
后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词of;接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)。
③terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。
6.learn/study
learn/study
二者都作“学、学习”讲,有时可以互换。如:
When did you begin to study/learn English?
你是什么时候开始学习英语的?
study侧重学习的过程;而learn侧重学习的结果,常译作“学到、学会”。如:
He studied hard and at last learned the language.
他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。
study用于较高深或周密的研究;
而learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:
He is studying the math problem.
他正在研究这个数学问题。
He learns English on the radio.
他通过广播学英语。
The baby is learning to speak.
这个婴儿正在学说话。
7.there be/have/own
there be/have/own
①there be表示某处(或某时)"有"(某人或某物),表示客观存在之“有”。
②have是常用词,表示所属关系,是“所有”之“有”。
③own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。
8.answer/reply
answer/reply
这两个词都可作“回答”讲,但用法有所区别。
reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;
answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:
The old man smiled before he replied to my question.
老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。
I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。
How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?
值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:
answer the door (门铃响了)去开门
answer the telephone 接电话
名词的语法功能：英语名词特殊用法:
1.family指“家庭”时，强调全体；指“家里人”时强调个体，与住房无关
home指“家”，表示同一家庭共同生活的地方，具有感情色彩
Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词，意思是“在家”
house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.
2.man总称“人”、“人类”，用单数
people泛指“人们”，表示复数概念:People often work in the day.
指“人”的个体，但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.
前面加定冠词指“人民”，表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.
指“民族”时，有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.
person强调“人”的个体，有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.
3.police总称“警察”，表示复数概念:
policeman强调“警察”的个体，有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.
4.universe指“宇宙万物”，强调物质概念:
When we talk about the universe，we mean the earth， the sun，the moon and many other stars.
space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”，强调空间概念:
Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.
“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.
5.不同国家的人的单复数:
名称 | 总称(谓语用复数） | 一个人 | 两个人 |
中国人 | the Chinese | a Chinese | two Chinese |
瑞士人 | the Swiss | a Swiss | two Swiss |
澳大利亚人 | the Australians | an Australian | two Australians |
俄国人 | the Russians | a Russian | two Russians |
意大利人 | the Italians | an Italian | two Italians |
希腊人 | the Greek | a Greek | two Greeks |
法国人 | the French | a Frenchman | two Frenchmen |
印度人 | the Indians | an Indian | two Indians |
加拿大人 | the Canadians | a Canadian | two Canadians |
德国人 | the Germans | a German | two Germans |
英国人 | the English | an Englishman | two Englishmen |
瑞典人 | the Swedish | a Swede | two Swedes |
日本人 | the Japanese | a Japanese | two Japanese |
美国人 | the Americans | a American | two Americans |
二 : Somebody that I used to know <歌词>
 |
Walk off the Earth |
扩展：happy / call me maybe / gotye
三 : 阅读理解。 Eddie's father used to say he'd spent so man
| 阅读理解。 |
| Eddie's father used to say he'd spent so many years by the ocean, breathing seawater. Now, away from that ocean, in the hospital bed, his body began to look like a beached fish. His condition went from fair to stable and from stable to serious. Friends went from saying, "He'll be home in a day," to "He'll be home in a week" In his father's absence, Eddie helped out at the pier (码头), working evenings after his taxi job. When Eddie was a teenager, if he ever complained or seemed bored with the pier, his father would shout, "What? This isn't good enough for you?" And later, when he'd suggested Eddie take a job there after high school, Eddie almost laughed, and his father again said, "What? This isn't good enough for you?" And before Eddie went to war, when he'd talked of marrying Marguerite and becoming an engineer, his father said, "What? This isn't good enough for you?" And now, regardless of all that, here he was, at the pier, doing his father's labor. Parents rarely let go of their children, so children let go of them. They move on They move away. It is not until much later, as the heart weakens, that children understand: their stories, and all their accomplishments, sit on top of the stories of their mothers and fathers, stones upon stones, beneath the waters of their lives. Finally, one night, at his mother's urging, Eddie visited the hospital. He entered the room slowly. His father, who for years had refused to speak to Eddie, now lacked the strength to even try. "Don't sweat it, kid," the other workers told him "Your old man will pull through. He's the toughest man we've ever seen." When the news came that his father had died, Eddie felt the emptiest kind of anger, the kind that circles in its cage. In the weeks that followed, Eddie's mother lived in a confused state. She spoke to her husband as if he were still there. She yelled at him to turn down the radio. She cooked enough food for two. One night, when Eddie offered to help with'the dishes, she said, "Your father will put them away." Eddie put a hand on her shoulder. "Ma," he said, softly, "Dad's gone." "Gone where?" |
| 1. In Paragraph 4, the writer indicates that _____. |
| [ ] |
| A. Children like moving away from their parents B. Children often feel regretful because they leave their parents C. Children wouldn't have achieved so much without their parents' support D. Children can never understand how much their parents have devoted to them |
| 2. The underlined sentence probably means "_____". |
| [ ] |
| A. Don't give it up B. Don't worry about it C. Don't let him down D. Don't touch it |
| 3. Which of the following shows the right order of the story? a. Eddie's father died. b. Eddie worked as a taxi driver. c. Eddie married Marguerite. d. Eddie was bored with his father's job. |
| [ ] |
| A. bacd B. dcab C. bcda D. dcba |
| 4. From the last part of the passage, we learn that _____. |
| [ ] |
| A. Eddie's mother liked to listen to the radio B. Eddie often helped his mother wash the dishes C. Eddie and his wife lived in his mother's apartment D. Eddie's mother missed her husband so much that she was at a loss |
| 1-4: CBDD |
考点：
考点名称：故事类阅读故事类阅读概念：
这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
故事类阅读应试技巧：
1、抓住文章的6个要素：
阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后顺序。因此，无论是顺叙还是倒叙，阅读此类文章时，必须要找到它结构中的5个W（when, where, who, why, what）和1个H（how），不过不是每篇都会完整地交待六个要素。毫无疑问，寻出这些元素是能够正确快速解题的一个先决条件。
2、注意作者的议论和抒情：
高考英语阅读理解故事类文章常伴随着作者思想情感的流露和表达，因此议论和抒情往往夹杂其中。行文时或按事情发生发展的先后时间进行或按事情发生发展的地点来转换，也可能按事情发展的阶段来布局。在引出话题，讲完一件事情后，作者往往会表达个人感悟或提出建议等。这些体现作者观点或思想的语句在阅读时可以划线，它们往往体现文章中心或者写作意图，属于必考点，所以要仔细体会。
3、结合前两点归纳文章中心，把握作者态度：
故事类文章是通过记叙一件事来表达中心思想的，它是文章的灵魂。归纳文章中心思想时，尤其要分析文章的结尾，因为很多文章卒章显志，用简短的议论、抒情揭示文章中心；文章中议论抒情的句子往往与中心密切相关；也有的文章需要在结合概括各段大意的基础上归纳中心。另外，叙述一件事必有其目的，或阐明某一观点，或赞美某种品德，或抨击某种陋习，这就要求我们在阅读时，通过对细节（第1点中的六要素）的理解，把握作者的态度。
4、有章有据进行解题判断：
分析文章，归纳主题，属于分析、概括、综合的表述能力的考查。切忌脱离文章，架空分析，一定让分析在文章中有依据。
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