一 : GRE词汇词源解析-069(下)【communal-compassionate】
0696
communal
['kɑmjʊnl]
adj. 公共的;公社的
词源拆分
=com- + mun + -al
简单同源
Common
词源解读
来自法语的 commune【small territorial divisions set up after theRevolution】,来自中古法语commune【free city,group of citizens】;来自中古拉丁语communia,用作中性形容词communis,字面意思是that which is common,The Commune of Paris 【巴黎公社】的使用使得该词逐步出现“共产”的概念。Common的本意是是belonging to all,general,来自古法语comun 【common,general,free,open,public】,来自拉丁语communis 【in common,public,shared by all or many;general,not specific;familiar,not pretentious】,来自原始印欧语*ko-moin-i- 【held in common】,可拆分为*ko- 【together】+ *moi-n-【*mei- "change,exchange",hence literally "shared by all"】。
词根变形
commu-,comm-
词根释义
common,universal,public;multitude and common people
同源同根
Commune,communal,communalize,communicate,communication,communion,communism,communist,community,common
例句解读
Communal violence broke out in different parts ofthe country.
团体暴力冲突在该国不同地区爆发了。
0697
comparison
[kəm'pærɪsn]
n. 比较;对照;比喻;比较关系
词源拆分
=com- + par- +
简单同源
pair
词源解读
来自古法语comparaison,来自拉丁词comparationem,来自动词不定式comparare 【make equal with,liken,bring together for a contest;lit. to couple together,to form in pairs】,可拆分为com-【with】+ parare 【to make,prepare】,词干parer 【arrange,prepare;trim,adorn】,来自拉丁词 parare 【make ready,furnish,provide,arrange,order】,来自印欧词根*pere- 【produce,procure,bring forward,bring forth】。
词根变形
pari-,par- +
词根释义
same,equal,equality,equal value
同源同根
Parity,compare,comparable,comparability,comparative,comparison disparate,disparity,imparity,pair,peer,peerage,peerless,umpire【n. 裁判员,仲裁人】, compeer,disparage【vt. 蔑视;毁谤】
例句解读
The amount of carbon dioxide released by humanactivities such as burning coal and oil is small incomparison.
相比之下人类燃烧煤、石油等活动所释放的二氧化碳的量是少的。
0698
compass
['kʌmpəs]
n. 指南针,罗盘;圆规
vt. 包围
词源拆分
=com- + pass
简单同源
pass
词源解读
意思是space,area,extent,circumference,来自古法语的compas 【circle,radius,pair of compasses】,来自 compasser 【to go around,measure,divide equally】,来自通俗拉丁语 *compassare【to pace out】,可拆分为com- 【together】+ passus【a step】。
词根变形
pass-,pace-
词根释义
step,stepping
同源同根
Pass,passage,passenger,passerby,passover,passport,pastime,bypass,compass,impasse,overpass,repass,surpass,trespass,trespasser,underpass,gyrocompass,astrocompass,encompass,pace
例句解读
Your phone,with its GPS and compass,knows what you are looking at,so it can tell you before you even ask.
你的带有GPS和指南针功能的手机将知道你在看什么,它甚至可以在你问出这个问题之前就做回答。
0699
compassion
[kəm'pæʃən]
n. 同情;怜悯
词源拆分
=com- + passion
简单同源
passion
词源解读
来自古法语的compassion【sympathy,pity】,来自后期拉丁语compassionem【sympathy】,来自compati 【to feel pity】,可拆分为 com-【together】+ pati【to suffer】。
词根变形
pass-,pati- +
词根释义
suffering,feeling;enduring
同源同根
Passion,passionate,passive,passivism,compassion,compassionate,dispassion,dispassionate,patient,patience,impassible,impassibility,impassion,impassionate,impassioned,impassive,impatient,compatible,compatibility,incompatible,pathos,pathetic,pathogeny,pathology,antipathy,antipathetic,apathy,apathetic,empathy,neuropathy,psychopathic,psychopathy,sympathetic,sympathize,sympathy
例句解读
He could not help having compassion for the poorcreature.
他情不自禁地怜悯起那个可怜的人来。
0700
compassionate
[kəm'pæʃənət]
adj. 慈悲的;富于同情心的
vt. 同情;怜悯
词源拆分
=com- + passion + -ate
简单同源
passion
词源解读
可拆分为 compassion + -ate。Compassion 来自古法语的compassion【sympathy,pity】,来自后期拉丁语compassionem【sympathy】,来自compati 【to feel pity】,可拆分为 com-【together】+ pati【to suffer】。
词根变形
pass-,pati- +
词根释义
suffering,feeling;enduring
同源同根
Passion,passionate,passive,passivism,compassion,compassionate,dispassion,dispassionate,patient,patience,impassible,impassibility,impassion,impassionate,impassioned,impassive,impatient,compatible,compatibility,incompatible,pathos,pathetic,pathogeny,pathology,antipathy,antipathetic,apathy,apathetic,empathy,neuropathy,psychopathic,psychopathy,sympathetic,sympathize,sympathy
例句解读
And she shows her love for him with interestedquestions and compassionate responses.
她用有趣的问题和富有同情心的回应,向他展示自己的爱。
二 : GRE词汇词源解析-045【bend-bereft】
词源拆分=be- + rate
词源解读
可拆分为 be-【thoroughly】+ 中古英语 rate【to scold】,来自古法语的reter【accuse, blame】,来自拉丁语reputare,其衍生词是reputation。
[VERB] V n for n, also Vn
If you berate someone, you speak to them angrily aboutsomething they have done wrong. (FORMAL)
Marion berated Joe for the noise he made.
= chide, rebuke
同源同根
0460 | bereft | adj. 失去...的; 丧失亲人的 | 简单同源 | Rapid |
词源拆分 | =be- + reft | |||
词源解读 | 是 bereave的过去式,变化规则如同leave的过去式left。来自古英语的bereafian【to deprive of, take away, seize,rob】,可拆分为be + reafian 【rob, plunder】;来自原始日耳曼语的 *raubojanan,来自原始印欧语*reup- 【to snatch】,词干衍生rapid。 [ADJ] usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ ofn | |||
同源同根 |
三 : GRE词汇词源解析-058【catchword-celibate】
0581 | catchword | n. n.口号, 流行语, 标语,(字典等的)眉题 | 简单同源 | word |
词源拆分 | =catch + word | |||
词源解读 | 在过去的英文书籍中,该页的右下角就会印出下一页文字的第一个单词,在于引起读者注意(catch the reader’sattention),接着往下读。这个写在前页右下角的下页的首个词被称为catchword。词义发展,该词还用于剧场中,指演员上场时的“提示词”,后来还发展出“标语”,“口号”等意思。 | |||
同源同根 |
0582 | caterpillar | n.毛毛虫,蝴蝶的幼虫 | 简单同源 | |
词源拆分 | =cater + pillar | |||
词源解读 | 来自古法语caterpilose,字面意思hairycat;来自后期拉丁语的 catta 【cat】+ pilosus 【hair】。后面的词干还可以被认为是piller 【plunderer】的词干,表示掠夺,英语由此得到的pillage,毛毛虫就像贪婪的掠夺者,把那些树皮都吃光了,也暗含这层意思。 | |||
同源同根 | Depilate,depilatory,egagropilus(毛块,毛团),epilate(给…拔毛),horripilate(使毛骨悚然),pilar(毛发的),pileous(多毛的),piliation(毛发生成),piliferous(adj. (尤指植物)有毛的, 具毛的),piliform(adj. 毛样的, 长毛状的), |
0583 | causal | a.原因的,因果关系的 | 简单同源 | Cause |
词源拆分 | =cause- + -al | |||
词源解读 | 来自拉丁语causalis 【relating to acause】,来自 causa,同cause同根同源。caus-就是词根形式,意思为cause, reason, purpose; judicialprocess, lawsuit。 | |||
同源同根 | accusation , accusative ,accusatively , accusatory , accuse , accuser , because , causal ,causality , causation , causative , causatively, causativeness , cause, causeless , causelessly , excusable, excusableness , excusably ,excuse, inexcusable inexcusableness , inexcusably,recusal, recuse, ruse |
0584 | caustic | a.腐蚀性的;刻薄的n.腐蚀剂 | 简单同源 | |
词源拆分 | ||||
词源解读 | 来自古法语caustique,来自拉丁语causticus【burning, caustic】;来自希腊语 kaustikos 【capable of burning】;来自kaustos 【combustible】,来自希腊词表示燃烧的词kaiein。到18世纪才出现比喻义sarcastic,猜测可能是因为燃烧都是氧化反应,物体被腐蚀也多是氧化反应。词根变化有如下几种caust-, caus-, caut-, cauter-,cau-,暗含火,燃烧之意。 | |||
同源同根 | Acaustobiolith(非可燃性生物岩),catacaustic(回光的),causticize,cauter(灼烧器),diacaustic(折光线的),encaustic(adj. 上釉烧的, 烧上彩色的, 烧上蜡的),eremacausis(n. [化]慢性氧化),holocaust, |
0585 | cautionary | a.劝人警戒的,谨慎的 | 简单同源 | Caution |
词源拆分 | =caution +-ary | |||
词源解读 | Definition of CAUTION 1: warning, admonishment 2: precaution 3: prudent forethought to minimizerisk 4: one that astonishes or commandsattention <some shoes you see … these days are acaution — Esquire> | |||
同源同根 | Cautel,caution,cautious,cautiousness,precaution,precautionary |
0586 | cautious | a.小心的,谨慎的 | 简单同源 | caution |
词源拆分 | =caut- + -ious | |||
词源解读 | Definition: 1. showing carefulforethought; 2. avoiding excess; 3. cautious in attitude and carefulin actions; prudent; 4. unwilling to take risks | |||
同源同根 | -ousadvantageousavariciouscautiouscapriciouscourteouscovetousdangerousdeliciousenviousfrivolousfuriousgloriousgorgeousharmonioushideousindustrious laborious malicious oblivious odious ominousoutrageousperilouspoisonouspompousrighteousseriousspaciousspontaneous strenuous studious tedioustreacheroustremendoustremulousvariousviciousvirtuouszealous |
0587 | cavil | v.挑毛病,吹毛求疵 | 简单同源 | |
词源拆分 | ||||
词源解读 | 来自中古法语caviller 【to mock, jest】,来自拉丁语cavillari 【to satirize, arguescoffingly】;来自cavilla 【jest, jeering】。 例句: I don't intend to cavil orcompromise. A customer caviled about theprice. | |||
同源同根 | Calumny, |
0588 | cavity | n.(牙齿等的)洞,腔 | 简单同源 | Cave |
词源拆分 | =cav + -ity | |||
词源解读 | 来自中古法语 cavité,来自后期拉丁语cavitas 【hollowness】,来自拉丁词cavus 【hollow】。 | |||
同源同根 | cav=hollow cave cavern cavernous cavity concave excavateexcavationexcavator |
0589 | celestial | a.天体的,天上的 | 简单同源 | ceil |
词源拆分 | =celest + -ial | |||
词源解读 | 来自古法语celestial 【celestial, heavenly,sky-blue】;来自拉丁语caelestis 【heavenly, pertaining to thesky】,来自名词caelum 【heaven, sky;abode of the gods;climate】。可能来自原始印欧词根*kaid-slo-,该词根的本义是bright。 | |||
同源同根 | ceil , ceiling , celesta , celestia ,celestial, celestially |
0590 | celibate | n.独身者a.不结婚的 | 简单同源 | |
词源拆分 | =celib - + -ate | |||
词源解读 | 意为state of celibacy,来自法语célibat,来自拉丁语 caelibatus。形容词的意思是unmarried, sworn to remainsingle。 The Pope bluntly told the world'spriests yesterday to stay celibate. 教皇昨天直言全世界的神父都应该禁欲。 | |||
同源同根 |
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